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Journal articles on the topic 'Aerial part'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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1

Amorim, J. H. "Numerical modelling of the aerial drop of firefighting agents by fixed-wing aircraft. Part I: model development." International Journal of Wildland Fire 20, no. 3 (2011): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf09122.

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The efficiency of the aerial drop of firefighting agents (water and retardants) is extremely dependent on pilot skills in dealing with complex atmospheric conditions, mostly because on-board systems for computer-assisted drops have not yet been used operationally. Hence, numerical modelling tools can be of primary importance for the optimisation of firefighting operations and in the testing of new chemical products. The current work addresses the development of the operational Aerial Drop Model. This numerical tool allows a near real-time simulation of aerial drops with fixed-wing aircraft, while covering the fundamental stages of the process. It copes with a wide range of product viscosities, from water to highly thickened long-term retardants. The Aerial Drop Model simulates the continuous stripping of droplets from the liquid jet by the action of Rayleigh–Taylor and Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities applying the linear stability theory. The subsequent secondary breakup and deformation of the formed droplets due to aerodynamic forces is based on experimental correlations defined in terms of the dimensionless Weber number. Droplet trajectories are computed by applying a Lagrangian approach, in which a dynamical drag module accounts for the effect of deformation. This operational tool provides an improved understanding of the behaviour and effectiveness of aerially delivered firefighting liquids.

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2

Федосеева (Fedoseeva), Людмила (Ljudmila) Михайловна (Mihajlovna), and Георгий (Georgij) Родионович (Rodionovich) Кутателадзе (Kutateladze). "STUDY OF SOME PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF THE COMMON SORREL AERAL PART, GROWING IN THE AL-TAI TERRITORY." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (April 18, 2017): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2017041861.

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Common sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.), Polygonaceae family, two-year herbaceous plant, contains a complex of biologically active compounds, based on phenolic compounds (flavonoids, coumarins, anthracene derivatives, tannins). Since ancient times it has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, astringent. The purpose of this work is to study the composition of phenolic compounds of the aerial part of common sorrel, which grows on the territory of the Altai Territory. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: performe of qualitative reactions on phenolic compounds different groups, separation and identification of phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography.The results of qualitative reactions allow to suggest the presence of flavonoids flavone and flavanol groups, anthracene derivatives of the chrysacin group, coumarins and condensed tannins in aerial part.High-performance liquid chromatography of common sorrel aerial part ethanol extract (extrctant – 70% ethanol) were used to identify the flavonoids of the flavanol group: kaempferol and quercetin derivatives, anthracene derivatives of the chrysacin group.The studies are aimed at studying the possibility of using the aeral part of common sorrel in medicine. Based on the conducted studies, the development of normative documentation for medicinal plant raw materials is being carried out.

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3

Pliekhova, G. A., M. V. Kostikova, S. M. Neronov, B. S. Karpishen, S. O. Kashkevych, and Yu O. Kovtunov. "A multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system for unmanned aerial vehicles with regularization." Bionics of Intelligence 2, no. 101 (2024): 39–47. https://doi.org/10.30837/bi.2024.2(101).06.

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The paper proposes a system with multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO) for unmanned aerial vehicles with regularization. The proposed system is characterized by the fact that the receiving part of the transceiver system of the unmanned aerial vehicle additionally contains a regularization block, and the output of the channel state evaluation module of the receiving part of the transceiver of the unmanned aerial vehicle is connected to the first input of the regularization block, the first output of the regularization unit is connected to the input of the demodulator of the first channel of the receiving part of the transceiver of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the second output of the regularization unit is connected to the input of the demodulator of the second channel of the receiving part of the transceiver of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The technical result is an increase in immunity and the speed of information transmission of the control and data transmission channels of unmanned aerial vehicles, and as a result, an increase in the stability of the operation of the transceivers of unmanned aerial vehicles

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4

Jia, Chengxia, Mu Yang, Jiangqi Qu, Pan Liu, Zhiming Xin, and Qingjing Zhang. "Distribution and accumulation characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus of 16 species of plants on ecological floating-bed." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 1, no. 1 (2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.1.1.55.

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The distribution and accumulation characteristics of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the aerial and underground parts of 16 species of plants on ecological floating-bed were studied, and showed significant differences. The TN contents in the aerial part and underground part were 1.09%-2.91% and 0.68%-2.22%, respectively. The TN contents in the aerial and underground parts of Dracaena sanderiana were both the highest among the 16 species of plants. The TP content in the aerial part ranged from 0.15% to 0.45%, and in the underground part ranged from 0.12% to 0.76%, respectively. The TP contents in the aerial part of Dieffenbachia picta was the highest, while in the underground part of Anthurium andraeanum was the highest. Translocation factors of 14 species of plants for TN were greater than 1, and 12 species of plants for TP were greater than 1, respectively. Arundo donax var. versicolor which had considerable absolute accumulation of TN and TP both in the aerial and underground parts, can effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus from water, will be a promising potential plant in applying of ecological floating-bed technology.

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5

Zhang, Dian, Xiao Wang, Rong Li, et al. "Extract of the Aerial Part of Polygala tenuifolia Attenuates d-Galactose/NaNO2-induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice." Planta Medica 86, no. 18 (2020): 1389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1212-3212.

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AbstractAlzheimerʼs disease, one of the most common types of age-related dementia, is characterized by memory deterioration and behavior disorder. The aboveground part of Polygala tenuifolia is a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of amnesia. This study was conducted to investigate the ameliorating effect of the aerial part of P. tenuifolia on d-galactose/NaNO2-induced learning and memory impairment in mice. d-galactose (120 mg/kg) and NaNO2 (90 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally for 60 days to induce learning and memory impairment in mice. The aerial part of P. tenuifolia (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) and piracetam (200 mg/kg) were simultaneously administered orally on days 15 – 60. Results of this study showed that aerial part of P. tenuifolia significantly decreased the latency time and increased the number of platform crossings in the Morris water maze compared with the Model group. Moreover, the aerial part of P. tenuifolia significantly increased the latency time and decreased the error frequency in the step-down and step-through tests compared with the Model group. Meanwhile, the aerial part of P. tenuifolia was able to regulate the cholinergic system by increasing the levels of ACh and ChAT and decreasing the level of AChe. The aerial part of P. tenuifolia also significantly attenuated the levels of interleukin-1 beta and malonaldehyde and enhanced the interleukin-10 and glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, treatment with aerial part of P. tenuifolia increased the protein and mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B in the hippocampus. These results suggest that the aerial part of P. tenuifolia can ameliorate learning and memory impairments by modulating cholinergic activity, inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and regulating the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway.

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6

Abdullaeva, R. Kh, Kh M. Bobakulov, K. K. Turgunov, S. Z. Nishanbaev, I. D. Sham’yanov, and N. D. Abdullaev. "Flavons from the Aerial Part of Lepidolopha komarowii." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 57, no. 1 (2021): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-021-03304-2.

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7

Thapsut, Monnapa, Suriphon Singha, Chonticha Seeka, and Somyote Sutthivaiyakit. "Megastigmanes from the aerial part of Euphorbia heterophylla." Phytochemistry Letters 44 (August 2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2021.05.006.

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8

Azizov, D. Z., R. K. Rakhmanberdyeva, and M. Kh Malikova. "Polysaccharides from the Aerial Part of Ferula tenuisecta." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 57, no. 4 (2021): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-021-03432-9.

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9

Romeo, V., A. Verzera, S. Ragusa, and C. Condurso. "The Aerial Part Headspace Constituents ofOtanthus maritimusL. (Asteraceae)." Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 10, no. 3 (2007): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060x.2007.10643538.

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10

Luis, Javier G., Winston Quiñones, Teresa A. Grillo, and Martha P. Kishi. "Diterpenes from the aerial part of Salvia columbariae." Phytochemistry 35, no. 5 (1994): 1373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(06)80130-5.

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11

Si, Duanyun, Dafang Zhong, Yi Sha, and Wen Li. "Biflavonoids from the aerial part of Stephania tetrandra." Phytochemistry 58, no. 4 (2001): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00271-0.

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12

Miftakhova, A. F., G. Sh Burasheva, Zh A. Abilov, V. U. Ahmad, and M. Zahid. "Coumarins from the aerial part of Halocnemum strobilaceum." Fitoterapia 72, no. 3 (2001): 319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00301-4.

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13

Milgrom, Lionel R., and William D. Flitter. "Facile aerial oxidation of a porphyrin. Part 13." Tetrahedron 49, no. 2 (1993): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80318-5.

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14

Asilbekova, D. T. "Lipids from the aerial part of Arischrada korolkovii." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 40, no. 6 (2004): 597–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-005-0047-5.

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15

Yuldashev, M. P. "Flavonoids from the Aerial Part of Vicia subvillosa." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 41, no. 1 (2005): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-005-0087-x.

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16

Medjroubi, K., S. Mezhoud, F. Benayache, E. Seguin, and F. Tillequin. "Flavonoids of the Aerial Part of Centaurea pullata." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 41, no. 2 (2005): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-005-0117-8.

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17

Asilbekova, D. T. "Lipids from the aerial part of Peganum harmala." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 42, no. 2 (2006): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-006-0085-7.

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18

Agedilova, M. T., A. Zh Turmukhambetov, E. E. Schultz, M. M. Shakirov, and S. M. Adekenov. "Components of the aerial part of Peganum harmala." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 42, no. 2 (2006): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-006-0086-6.

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19

Yuldashev, M. P., B. A. Muminova, A. A. Drenin, and E. Kh Botirov. "Flavonoids from the aerial part of Vicia subvillosa." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 43, no. 1 (2007): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-007-0058-5.

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20

Kurkin, V. A., and O. E. Pravdivtseva. "Flavonoids from the aerial part of Hypericum perforatum." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 43, no. 5 (2007): 620–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-007-0209-8.

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21

Chirikova, N. K., and D. N. Olennikov. "Composition of the aerial part of Scutellaria baicalensis." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 44, no. 3 (2008): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-008-9062-7.

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22

Zhang, Tingting, Jinsong Zhou, and Qiang Wang. "Flavonoids from aerial part of Bupleurum chinense DC." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 35, no. 11 (2007): 801–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2007.03.023.

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23

Tashmatov, Z. O., K. A. Eshbakova, Kh M. Babakulov, and N. D. Abdullaev. "Flavonoids from the aerial part of Scutellaria schachristanica." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 45, no. 6 (2009): 883–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-010-9481-0.

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24

Rakhmanberdyeva, R. K. "Arabinogalactan from the aerial part of Cardaria repens." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 48, no. 5 (2012): 728–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-012-0369-z.

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25

Kislichenko, V. S., I. S. Burlaka, and U. V. Karpyuk. "Flavonoids from the Aerial Part of Calamagrostis epigeios." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 49, no. 1 (2013): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-013-0532-1.

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26

Kurkina, A. V., T. K. Ryazanova, and V. A. Kurkin. "Flavonoids from the Aerial Part of Polygonum hydropiper." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 49, no. 5 (2013): 830–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-013-0758-y.

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27

Kurkina, A. V., T. K. Ryazanova, and V. A. Kurkin. "Flavonoids from the Aerial Part of Polygonum persicaria." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 49, no. 5 (2013): 845–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-013-0761-3.

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28

Ikramova, M. Sh, and Kh M. Komilov. "Lipids from the Aerial Part of Karelinia caspia." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 49, no. 5 (2013): 922–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-013-0779-6.

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29

Yuldasheva, N. K., N. T. Ul’chenko, N. Mamadalieva, et al. "Lipids from the Aerial Part of Scutellaria ramosissima." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 50, no. 1 (2014): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-014-0868-1.

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30

Wu, Yu, Cheng-Jian Zheng, Xue-Hong Deng, Jian-Yong Zhu, and Lu Ping Qin. "Alkaloids from the Aerial Part of Piper flaviflorum." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 50, no. 2 (2014): 394–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-014-0966-0.

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31

Zibareva, L. N., A. A. Seliverstova, A. Suksamrarn, S. V. Morozov, and E. I. Chernyak. "Phytoecdysteroids from the Aerial Part of Silene colpophylla." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 50, no. 3 (2014): 571–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-014-1021-x.

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32

Kurkin, V. A., and A. V. Aznagulova. "Constituents of the Aerial Part of Taraxacum officinale." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 52, no. 4 (2016): 711–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-016-1750-0.

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33

Khidoyatova, Sh K., D. T. Asilbekova, and A. M. Nigmatullaev. "Lipids from the Aerial Part of Artemisia absinthium." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 52, no. 5 (2016): 886–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-016-1803-4.

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34

Karimov, A. M., T. N. Slobodyanyuk, and E. Kh Botirov. "Flavonoids from the Aerial Part of Scutellaria intermedia." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 53, no. 4 (2017): 745–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-017-2107-z.

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35

Fujita, Seiji, Ryoji Kasai, Kazuhiro Ohtani, et al. "Dammarane glycosides from aerial part of Neoalsomitra integrifoliola." Phytochemistry 39, no. 3 (1995): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00020-8.

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36

Malikova, M. Kh, and D. A. Rakhimov. "Carbohydrates from the Aerial Part of Catharanthus roseus." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 56, no. 2 (2020): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-020-03012-3.

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37

Yusupova, U. Yu, D. A. Usmanov, and N. Sh Ramazonov. "Phytoecdysteroids from the Aerial Part of Silene popovii." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 56, no. 3 (2020): 562–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-020-03092-1.

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38

Wang, Hong, Xuan Tian, and Yao-Zu Chen. "Chemical Constituents of the Aerial Part ofCelastrus Hypoleucus." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 49, no. 3 (2002): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.200200068.

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39

Kharchenko, Volodymyr, Anatolii Rubtsov, Volodymyr Svirko, and Irina Zhudova. "The Quality of unmanned aerial vehicles: ergodesign aspect. Part 2." Logistics and Transport 53, no. 1 (2022): 90–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.26411/83-1734-2015-1-53-7-22.

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In the modern world, scientific and practical ergodesign activity on the development and use of drones, the concept of "human factor" is becoming more and more important. It is one of the main studies in improving the safety, efficiency and comfort of the "man - unmanned aerial vehicle" system operation. The most promising research is aimed at the application and development of new approaches to the evaluation of algorithms for unmanned aircraft maintenance and the organization of their operators` activities. The system of unmanned aerial vehicles ergodesign quality indicators developed and presented in a tabular form reflects practically all design and ergonomic properties of modern unmanned aerial systems. It is based on the existing normative documentation in Ukraine developed by the authors, harmonized with international and European standards. It allows the analysis and evaluation of unmanned aerial vehicles in order to take into account consumer interests at the beginning of their design reducing the assimilation time of products and preventing irrational production costs. The results of such an analysis underlie the development of technical documentation, standards, and specifications. They should be taken into account when putting products into production.

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40

Erz, Emily. "Unmanned aerial systems, geology’s newest aerial technology." Mountain Geologist 59, no. 3 (2022): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31582/rmag.mg.59.3.261.

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The original geologist toolkit includes: a hand lens, compass, rock hammer, writing instrument and a field notebook, paired with a love for the outdoors and the desire to understand the earth and the processes that shape it. Today, the latter part remains true, but the toolkit has innumerous variations that can provide multitudes of new information, by enhancing accuracy, altering perspectives, and offering completely new capabilities. It has been said that in the last 100 years humanity has entered a ‘technological renaissance.’ This rapid period of innovation and exploration includes a significant amount of observation equipment like digital cameras, global positioning systems (GPS), satellites, drones, and even smartphones. Widespread, accessible surveillance devices certainly pose a serious threat to privacy, but the ‘eye(s) in the sky’ can be used for good as well. The foundation of science is solid observation and geologists have many things to observe. Geologists work tirelessly to evaluate and mitigate geologic hazards such as floods, mass movements, earthquakes, and volcanic activity. Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) also known as drones, can carry observatory equipment into the most dangerous or inaccessible places during and after these catastrophic events without compromising safety to gather data.

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41

Tessema, Fekade Beshah, Yilma Hunde Gonfa, Tilahun Belayneh Asfaw, et al. "Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids from Aerial Part of Ajuga integrifolia (Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don): Anti-Shigellosis Activity and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies." Molecules 28, no. 3 (2023): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031111.

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Shigellosis is one of the major causes of death in children worldwide. Flavonoids and phenolic acids are expected to demonstrate anti-shigellosis activity and anti-diarrheal properties. The aerial part of A. integrifolia is commonly used against diarrhea. This study aimed to identify flavonoids and phenolic acids responsible for this therapeutic purpose. Antioxidant activity, total phenol content, and total flavonoid content were determined. The antibacterial activity of the aerial part against Shigella spp. was also tested using the agar well diffusion method. HPLC analysis was performed using UHPLC-DAD for different extracts of the aerial part. Autodock Vina in the PyRx platform was used to screen responsible components. Ciprofloxacin was used as a reference drug. An enzyme taking part in pyrimidine biosynthesis was used as a target protein. Molecular docking results were visualized using Discovery Studio and LigPlot1.4.5 software. Antioxidant activity, total phenol content, and total flavonoid content are more significant for the aerial part of A. integrifolia. From HPLC analysis, the presence of the flavonoids, quercetin, myricetin, and rutin and the phenolic acids gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and syringic acid were identified from the aerial part of A. integrifolia. Regarding the antibacterial activity, the aerial part shows considerable activity against Shigella spp. Binding energies, RMSD and Ki values, interaction type, and distance are considered to identify the components most likely responsible for the therapeutic effects and observed activity. Antioxidant activity, total phenol content, and total flavonoid content of the aerial part are in line with anti-shigellosis activity. The top five components that are most likely potentially responsible for therapeutic purposes and anti-shigellosis activity are chlorogenic acid, rutin, dihydroquercetin, dihydromyricetin, and kaempferol.

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42

Pilicheva, Maryna, Tetiana Anopriienko, and Anna Fedorova. "THE PROCEDURE OF USING AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS TO CREATE THE GRAPHIC PART OF LAND MANAGEMENT DOCUMENTATION." Baltic Surveying 20 (December 30, 2024): 42–50. https://doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2024.20.005.

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The article is devoted to the use of aerial surveying issue to create a graphic part of land management documentation. For each type of land management documentation, the scale of graphic materials of land management documentation is determined, as the scale depends on the task and the required accuracy of the work. It has been established that aerial surveying is the most effective method for creating (updating) basic graphic materials of land management documentation at the scales of 1:5 000, 1:2 000, 1:1 000, space imagery is used to create of maps on a scale of 1:5 000 in plains and 1:10 000 in mountainous areas. It was determined that the use of aerial photographs in solving land management problems is possible only after passing all stages of their preliminary processing: post-processing, rectification and an orthophoto plan creation. General recommendations have been developed regarding the use of aerial photography to create the graphic part of land management documentation: aerial photographs or space images should be used for a large area; aerial photographs – for displaying land management objects within the boundaries of settlements; space images – outside of populated areas, or at the stage of designing land management documentation or performing planning works.

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43

Senthilkumar, S., and C. Kiruba Rani. "GC - MS Analysis of Ethanolic Extract of Aerial Part Acalypha Indica Linn." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 5 (2024): 1481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/es24523154818.

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44

Yusupova, U., A. Khurramov, Kh Bobakulov, et al. "CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF THE AERIAL PART OF SILENE TOMENTELLA." Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, no. 3 (September 19, 2023): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2023-3-134-141.

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This study reports the isolation of steroid glycosides and cycloartane glycosides from the aerial parts of Silene tomentella. Two cycloartans group of triterpenoids astrasieversianin II (1) and cycloastragenol (4), including two compounds belonging to steroid glycosides lokundjoside (2) and lineolon (3) are known, were isolated from the aerial part of S. tomentella by chromatographic techniques (CC, TLC, HPTLC). Their structures were established based on extensive spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods, including NMR (1D and 2D) and HR-ESI-MS data. All of these compounds were obtained for the first time for this plant. In addition, the antimicrobial activities of triterpene and steroid glycosides were evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis as well as fungi Candida albicans. There was no evidence of antimicrobial action in the isolated triterpene glycosides and steroid glycosides against used microorganisms

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45

SATYBALDIYEVA, Dariya, Valentina MURSALIYEVA, Izbassar RAKHIMBAYEV, Bolatkhan ZAYADAN, and Ramazan MAMMADOV. "Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activities of Crocus alatavicus from Kazakhstan." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 43, no. 2 (2015): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha43210089.

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Phytochemical analysis of C. alatavicus revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, amino acids and carbohydrates. The flavonoid, amino acids and carotenoid contents were higher in aerial part (1.50%, 7.49% and 9.78mg%, respectively) than in bulb (0.43%, 3.88% and 0.91 mg%, respectively). Total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant (TAA), 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and antibacterial activities of water, methanol, ethanol and dichloromethane extracts from aerial part and bulb were tested. TPC ranged from 13.63 to 72.29 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract. The maximum TAA were observed in ethanol (61.34%) and methanol extracts (46.13%) from aerial part with a high TPC (72.29 and 62.37 mgGAE/g extract, respectively). Ethanol extracts from aerial part and bulb had good scavenger of DPPH radicals (65.5% and 54.08%, respectively) with an IC50 387 and 447 Âµg/ml. Ethanol extract from aerial part was most effective against gram-positive bacterial strains S. aureus, B. subtilis and B. cereus. Biological activities of the extracts were correlated with the TPC. It can be deduced that ethanol and methnol extracts of C. alatavicus contains useful potent bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

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Upadhyay, Richa, Jitendra Kumar Chaurasia, Kavindra Nath Tiwari, and Karuna Singh. "Antioxidant Property of Aerial Parts and Root ofPhyllanthus fraternusWebster, an Important Medicinal Plant." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/692392.

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In present study free radical scavenging potential of aerial parts and root ofPhyllanthus fraternuswas investigated. Extraction was done in water and ethanol. Total antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH free radical scavenging method; ethanolic extract of aerial part was most potent in activity with 50% inhibition at 258 μg/mL concentration. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was measured in terms of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) by using egg-yolk homogenates as lipid-rich media with EC50of aerial part (ethanolic) 1522 μg/mL which was found to be most active. Superoxide (SO) radical scavenging activity was measured using riboflavin-light-nitroblue tetrazolium assay. Ethanolic and aqueous extract of both aerial part and root was almost similar in superoxide radical scavenging activity. Reducing power was determined on the basis ofFe3+-Fe2+transformation in the presence of extract. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also measured by spectroscopic method. Results showed that the ethanolic fraction of aerial part is most active towards antioxidant potential and this activity is related to its polyphenolic content and reducing potential. Thus,P. fraternusextract can be used as potent natural antioxidant.

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Mursaliyeva, Valentina Kadamovna, Tlek Manarbekovich Mukhanov, Nadezhda Gennad'yevna Gemejiyeva, and Balakyz Kymyzgalievna Yeskaliyeva. "CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF TURKESTAN SOAPROOT ALLOCHRUSA GYP-SOPHILOIDES (REGEL) SCHISCHK GROWING IN THE SOUTH OF KAZAKHSTAN." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (October 2, 2023): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230311993.

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Allochrusa gypsophiloides (Regel) Schischk. Turkestan soaproot (TSR), a Central Asian endemic has commercial value as a producer of triterpene saponins. Spectrophotometric determination of saponins was carried out in the roots and the aerial part of wild plants during vegetation in the south of Kazakhstan. The level of saponins, phenols, and flavonoids in the seeds, aerial parts, and roots was assessed. The following ascending order in the saponins content: seeds-aerial part-root, was revealed. An increase in the saponins levels in the roots during the growing season with a maximum of 9.6% in fruiting was established. A high saponins amount (6%) was detected in the aerial part during the flowering which decreased twice at the fruiting. The antioxidant activity and foaming index of the total ethanol extracts from the initial and deposited plant materials were determined. The maximum antioxidant activity (35.5%) and antiradical properties (IC50 1480) in vitro were found in extracts from the aerial part with the highest content of flavonoids and phenols. It was revealed that long-term storage of roots contributes to an increase in saponins levels and in their surfactant properties. The data obtained indicate the possibility of alternative use of the aerial parts of Allochrysa gypsophiloides at the flowering for obtaining triterpene saponins and phenolic substances with antioxidant activity.

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Siddikov, D. R., Kh M. Bobakulov, A. R. Batoshov, S. Z. Nishanbaev, and N. D. Abdullaev. "Phenolic Compounds from the Aerial Part of Geranium rotundifolium." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 57, no. 3 (2021): 539–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-021-03408-9.

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Askarova, O. K., Kh M. Bobakulov, A. M. Karimov, et al. "Volatile Constituents from the Aerial Part of Thermopsis alterniflora." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 58, no. 4 (2022): 770–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-022-03791-x.

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Yang, Ji Yeong, Pyoengjae Lee, and Sa-Hyun Kim. "Anti-bacterial Effect of Oenothera lamarckiana Aerial Part Extract." Biomedical Science Letters 26, no. 4 (2020): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15616/bsl.2020.26.4.383.

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