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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aerial photography in earth sciences'

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1

Smith, Scott R. "Aerial perspective and geography : an historical look at the use of aircraft to gain a sense of place /." Abstract Full Text (HTML) Full Text (PDF), 2009. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000575/02/2016FT.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2009.
Thesis advisor: Cynthis Pope. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-81). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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2

Musa, Khalid Bin. "Identifying Land Use Changes and It's Socio-Economic Impacts : A Case Study of Chacoria Sundarban in Bangladesh." Thesis, Linköping : Linköping University. Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:2076/FULLTEXT03.

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3

Yameogo, Dieudonné. "Hydrogéologie des formations fissurées de la partie sud du plateau Mossi entre le Nazino et le Nakambe (région de Kombissiri-Manga), Burkina-Faso." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00756428.

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Situé entre le Nazlno et le Nakambé, le Sud du plateau Mossi connait un climat de type soudanéen marqué par une pluviométrie en baisse et une évapotransplratlon élevée. C'est un plateau de faible altitude légèrement Incliné vers le Sud, sur lequel se dessine un réseau hydrographique variable en densité qui draine toute la région vers les deux principales rivières. Le substratum est constitué essentiellement des formations éburnéennes et blrrlmlennes (migmatites, granitoïdes, amphibolites, schistes et micaschistes). Sur ce bâti cristallin se met en place un réseau de fracturation complexe que révèle l'étude des photographies aériennes. Ces fractures jouent un rôle Important dans l'infiltration et le stockage des eaux. La détermination des zones aquifères en vue d'Implanter les ouvrages de captage revient à localiser les fractures le long desquelles se mettent en place des nappes discontinues. La prospection géophysique est la méthode par excellence adaptée à la recherche d'eau en pays cristallin. la productivité hydraulique des ouvrages est dépendante non de leur profondeur mals des conditions hydrogéologlques. L'étude plézométrlque a mis en évidence des zones d'alimentation et des zones de drainage à travers les altérites et les fissures du bad-rock. L'hydrochlmle montre la présence de trois types d'eaux faiblement minéralisées. Le chimisme de l'eau est en relation étroite avec la nature das formations géologiques à travers lesquelles elles circulent et le mode de circulation.
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Dehm, Dustin. "A Small Unmanned Aerial System (sUAS) Based Method for Monitoring Wetland Inundation & Vegetation." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1556713788128588.

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5

Bowie, Markus. "The Longest Journey." Thesis, Kungl. Konsthögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kkh:diva-255.

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The Longest Journey is an experimental Master essay which consists of 27 images with accompanying texts. Part of the images are digital photographs and part of them are images created through a special process involving different software tools – mainly Adobe Photoshop and Google Earth. The texts comment on how the images themselves were created and how one might understand what they are and how they function as aesthetic objects and as potential catalysts for thought.

The essay was published as part of a Master of Fine Art Degree exhibition with the same title. For an English translation of it and photographic documentation of the exhibition, please contact: markus.bowie@gmail.com

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Cooper, Joseph L. "Supporting Flight Control for UAV-Assisted Wilderness Search and Rescue Through Human Centered Interface Design." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2140.pdf.

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7

Madsen, Matthew D. "Influence of Soil Water Repellency on Post-fire Revegetation Success and Management Techniques to Improve Establishment of Desired Species." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1994.

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The influence of soil water repellency (WR) on vegetation recovery after a fire is poorly understood. This dissertation presents strategies to broaden opportunities for enhanced post-fire rangeland restoration and monitoring of burned piñon and juniper (P-J) woodlands by: 1) mapping the extent and severity of critical and subcritical WR, 2) determining the influence of WR on soil ecohydrologic properties and revegetation success, and 3) evaluating the suitability of a wetting agent composed of alkylpolyglycoside-ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers as a post-fire restoration tool for ameliorating the effects of soil WR and increasing seedling establishment. Results indicate that: • Post-fire patterns of soil WR were highly correlated to pre-fire P-J woodland canopy structure. Critical soil WR levels occurred under burned tree canopies while sub-critical WR extended out to approximately two times the canopy radius. At sites where critical soil WR was present, infiltration rate, soil moisture, and vegetation cover were significantly less than at non-hydrophobic sites. These parameters were also reduced in soils with subcritical WR relative to non-hydrophobic soils (albeit to a lesser extent). Aerial photography coupled with feature extraction software and geographic information systems (GIS) proved to be an effective tool for mapping P-J cover and density, and for scaling-up field surveys of soil WR to the fire boundary scale. • Soil WR impairs seed germination and seedling establishment by decreasing soil moisture availability by reducing infiltration, decreasing soil moisture storage capacity, and disconnecting soil surface layers from underlying moisture reserves. Consequently, soil WR appears to be acting as a temporal ecological threshold by impairing establishment of desired species within the first few years after a fire. • Wetting agents can significantly improve ecohydrologic properties required for plant growth by overcoming soil WR; thus, increasing the amount and duration of available water for seed germination and seedling establishment. Success of this technology appears to be the result of the wetting agent increasing soil moisture amount and availability by 1) improving soil infiltration and water holding capacity; and 2) allowing seedling roots to connect to underling soil moisture reserves.
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8

Dasnias, Philippe. "Successions végétales : synthèse bibliographique et dynamisme à l'ubac montagnard de la Moyenne Tarentaise (Savoie)." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10047.

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Etude du dynamisme vegetal resultant de l'abandon des prairies de fauche. Une analyse de photographies aeriennes de 1956 a 1982 conduit a une approche diachronique: evaluation et cartographie, extrapolation par matrices de transition et determinisme de la vitesse de recolonisation ligneuse. Une approche synchronique est realisee sur la base de 113 releves floristiques et 200 releves phanerophytiques; grace a des analyses multidimensionnelles, on definit floristiquement, ecologiquement et phytosociologiquement, 8 successions, reparties en voies "typiques" et voies "par contagion depuis les lisieres
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Carleer, Alexandre. "Region-based classification potential for land-cover classification with very high spatial resolution satellite data." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210852.

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Abstract

Since 1999, Very High spatial Resolution satellite data (Ikonos-2, QuickBird and OrbView-3) represent the surface of the Earth with more detail. However, information extraction by multispectral pixel-based classification proves to have become more complex owing to the internal variability increase in the land-cover units and to the weakness of spectral resolution.

Therefore, one possibility is to consider the internal spectral variability of land-cover classes as a valuable source of spatial information that can be used as an additional clue in characterizing and identifying land cover. Moreover, the spatial resolution gap that existed between satellite images and aerial photographs has strongly decreased, and the features used in visual interpretation transposed to digital analysis (texture, morphology and context) can be used as additional information on top of spectral features for the land cover classification.

The difficulty of this approach is often to transpose the visual features to digital analysis.

To overcome this problem region-based classification could be used. Segmentation, before classification, produces regions that are more homogeneous in themselves than with nearby regions and represent discrete objects or areas in the image. Each region becomes then a unit analysis, which makes it possible to avoid much of the structural clutter and allows to measure and use a number of features on top of spectral features. These features can be the surface, the perimeter, the compactness, the degree and kind of texture. Segmentation is one of the only methods which ensures to measure the morphological features (surface, perimeter.) and the textural features on non-arbitrary neighbourhood. In the pixel-based methods, texture is calculated with mobile windows that smooth the boundaries between discrete land cover regions and create between-class texture. This between-class texture could cause an edge-effect in the classification.

In this context, our research focuses on the potential of land cover region-based classification of VHR satellite data through the study of the object extraction capacity of segmentation processes, and through the study of the relevance of region features for classifying the land-cover classes in different kinds of Belgian landscapes; always keeping in mind the parallel with the visual interpretation which remains the reference.

Firstly, the results of the assessment of four segmentation algorithms belonging to the two main segmentation categories (contour- and region-based segmentation methods) show that the contour detection methods are sensitive to local variability, which is precisely the problem that we want to overcome. Then, a pre-processing like a filter may be used, at the risk of losing a part of the information. The “region-growing” segmentation that uses the local variability in the segmentation process appears to be the best compromise for the segmentation of different kinds of landscape.

Secondly, the features calculated thanks to segmentation seem to be relevant to identify some land-cover classes in urban/sub-urban and rural areas. These relevant features are of the same type as the features selected visually, which shows that the region-based classification gets close to the visual interpretation.

The research shows the real usefulness of region-based classification in order to classify the land cover with VHR satellite data. Even in some cases where the features calculated thanks to the segmentation prove to be useless, the region-based classification has other advantages. Working with regions instead of pixels allows to avoid the salt-and-pepper effect and makes the GIS integration easier.

The research also highlights some problems that are independent from the region-based classification and are recursive in VHR satellite data, like shadows and the spatial resolution weakness for identifying some land-cover classes.

Résumé

Depuis 1999, les données satellitaires à très haute résolution spatiale (IKONOS-2, QuickBird and OrbView-3) représentent la surface de la terre avec plus de détail. Cependant, l’extraction d’information par une classification multispectrale par pixel devient plus complexe en raison de l’augmentation de la variabilité spectrale dans les unités d’occupation du sol et du manque de résolution spectrale de ces données. Cependant, une possibilité est de considérer cette variabilité spectrale comme une information spatiale utile pouvant être utilisée comme une information complémentaire dans la caractérisation de l’occupation du sol. De plus, de part la diminution de la différence de résolution spatiale qui existait entre les photographies aériennes et les images satellitaires, les caractéristiques (attributs) utilisées en interprétation visuelle transposées à l’analyse digitale (texture, morphologie and contexte) peuvent être utilisées comme information complémentaire en plus de l’information spectrale pour la classification de l’occupation du sol.

La difficulté de cette approche est la transposition des caractéristiques visuelles à l’analyse digitale. Pour résoudre ce problème la classification par région pourrait être utilisée. La segmentation, avant la classification, produit des régions qui sont plus homogène en elles-mêmes qu’avec les régions voisines et qui représentent des objets ou des aires dans l’image. Chaque région devient alors une unité d’analyse qui permet l’élimination de l’effet « poivre et sel » et permet de mesurer et d’utiliser de nombreuses caractéristiques en plus des caractéristiques spectrales. Ces caractéristiques peuvent être la surface, le périmètre, la compacité, la texture. La segmentation est une des seules méthodes qui permet le calcul des caractéristiques morphologiques (surface, périmètre, …) et des caractéristiques texturales sur un voisinage non-arbitraire. Avec les méthodes de classification par pixel, la texture est calculée avec des fenêtres mobiles qui lissent les limites entre les régions d’occupation du sol et créent une texture interclasse. Cette texture interclasse peut alors causer un effet de bord dans le résultat de la classification.

Dans ce contexte, la recherche s’est focalisée sur l’étude du potentiel de la classification par région de l’occupation du sol avec des images satellitaires à très haute résolution spatiale. Ce potentiel a été étudié par l’intermédiaire de l’étude des capacités d’extraction d’objet de la segmentation et par l’intermédiaire de l’étude de la pertinence des caractéristiques des régions pour la classification de l’occupation du sol dans différents paysages belges tant urbains que ruraux.
Doctorat en sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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BARKEY, ROLAND ALEXANDER. "Etudes des mangroves de l'indo-malaisie et application des techniques de la teledetection a sulawesi." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30228.

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L'objet de cette recherche est de tenter de caracteriser les mangroves des regions equatoriales humides sur le terrain et a partir d'enregistrements spatiaux. Dans la premiere partie, une synthese biogeographique sur les peuplements de paletuviers permet de faire apparaitre et de comprendre les variations des types de mangroves et de situer les mangroves indonesiennes dans un contexte plus general. La deuxieme partie represente une etude sur les mangroves du golfe de bone a sulawesi (indonesie)
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11

Fallourd, Renaud. "Suivi des glaciers alpins par combinaison d'informations hétérogènes : images SAR Haute Résolution et mesures terrain." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718596.

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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse concernent l'utilisation de données de télédétection inédites pour le suivi des glaciers du massif du Mont Blanc : les images radar à synthèse d'ouverture Haute Résolution (HR) du satellite TerraSAR-X et les prises de vue HR d'un appareil photo numérique automatique. Cette thèse s'attache à montrer l'apport de ces sources d'informations hétérogènes pour mesurer le déplacement de surface des glaciers alpins. Dans cette optique, un examen des méthodes de mesure de déplacement spécifiques à chacun des deux types d'images est réalisé. Deux approches sont alors explorées : la mesure de déplacement monosource dans la géométrie propre à chaque capteur et la mesure de déplacement multisource via des combinaisons intra-capteur et inter-capteur. Alors que l'approche monosource fournit uniquement des mesures 2D du déplacement, les mesures multisources permettent pour la première fois d'estimer des champs de déplacement 3D de la surface des glaciers du Mont Blanc. Les mesures ont été réalisées sur plusieurs séries temporelles d'images couvrant la période 2008-2009 pour quatre glaciers du massif du Mont Blanc (Argentière, Mer de Glace/Leschaux, Bossons et Taconnaz). Dans le contexte du changement climatique, ces mesures de déplacement de surface fournissent une donnée intéressante en glaciologie pour contraindre les modèles numériques d'écoulement et d'évolution des glaciers.
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Bélanger, Jean. "Mise à jour de la Base de Données Topographiques du Québec à l'aide d'images à très haute résolution spatiale et du progiciel Sigma0 : le cas des voies de communication." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6319.

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Le Ministère des Ressources Naturelles et de la Faune (MRNF) a mandaté la compagnie de géomatique SYNETIX inc. de Montréal et le laboratoire de télédétection de l’Université de Montréal dans le but de développer une application dédiée à la détection automatique et la mise à jour du réseau routier des cartes topographiques à l’échelle 1 : 20 000 à partir de l’imagerie optique à haute résolution spatiale. À cette fin, les mandataires ont entrepris l’adaptation du progiciel SIGMA0 qu’ils avaient conjointement développé pour la mise à jour cartographique à partir d’images satellitales de résolution d’environ 5 mètres. Le produit dérivé de SIGMA0 fut un module nommé SIGMA-ROUTES dont le principe de détection des routes repose sur le balayage d’un filtre le long des vecteurs routiers de la cartographie existante. Les réponses du filtre sur des images couleurs à très haute résolution d’une grande complexité radiométrique (photographies aériennes) conduisent à l’assignation d’étiquettes selon l’état intact, suspect, disparu ou nouveau aux segments routiers repérés. L’objectif général de ce projet est d’évaluer la justesse de l’assignation des statuts ou états en quantifiant le rendement sur la base des distances totales détectées en conformité avec la référence ainsi qu’en procédant à une analyse spatiale des incohérences. La séquence des essais cible d’abord l’effet de la résolution sur le taux de conformité et dans un second temps, les gains escomptés par une succession de traitements de rehaussement destinée à rendre ces images plus propices à l’extraction du réseau routier. La démarche globale implique d’abord la caractérisation d’un site d’essai dans la région de Sherbrooke comportant 40 km de routes de diverses catégories allant du sentier boisé au large collecteur sur une superficie de 2,8 km2. Une carte de vérité terrain des voies de communication nous a permis d’établir des données de référence issues d’une détection visuelle à laquelle sont confrontés les résultats de détection de SIGMA-ROUTES. Nos résultats confirment que la complexité radiométrique des images à haute résolution en milieu urbain bénéficie des prétraitements telles que la segmentation et la compensation d’histogramme uniformisant les surfaces routières. On constate aussi que les performances présentent une hypersensibilité aux variations de résolution alors que le passage entre nos trois résolutions (84, 168 et 210 cm) altère le taux de détection de pratiquement 15% sur les distances totales en concordance avec la référence et segmente spatialement de longs vecteurs intacts en plusieurs portions alternant entre les statuts intact, suspect et disparu. La détection des routes existantes en conformité avec la référence a atteint 78% avec notre plus efficace combinaison de résolution et de prétraitements d’images. Des problèmes chroniques de détection ont été repérés dont la présence de plusieurs segments sans assignation et ignorés du processus. Il y a aussi une surestimation de fausses détections assignées suspectes alors qu’elles devraient être identifiées intactes. Nous estimons, sur la base des mesures linéaires et des analyses spatiales des détections que l’assignation du statut intact devrait atteindre 90% de conformité avec la référence après divers ajustements à l’algorithme. La détection des nouvelles routes fut un échec sans égard à la résolution ou au rehaussement d’image. La recherche des nouveaux segments qui s’appuie sur le repérage de points potentiels de début de nouvelles routes en connexion avec les routes existantes génère un emballement de fausses détections navigant entre les entités non-routières. En lien avec ces incohérences, nous avons isolé de nombreuses fausses détections de nouvelles routes générées parallèlement aux routes préalablement assignées intactes. Finalement, nous suggérons une procédure mettant à profit certaines images rehaussées tout en intégrant l’intervention humaine à quelques phases charnières du processus.
In order to optimize and reduce the cost of road map updating, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Wildlife is considering exploiting high definition color aerial photography within a global automatic detection process. In that regard, Montreal based SYNETIX Inc, teamed with the University of Montreal Remote Sensing Laboratory (UMRSL) in the development of an application indented for the automatic detection of road networks on complex radiometric high definition imagery. This application named SIGMA-ROUTES is a derived module of a software called SIGMA0 earlier developed by the UMRSL for optic and radar imagery of 5 to 10 meter resolution. SIGMA-ROUTES road detections relies on a map guided filtering process that enables the filter to be driven along previously known road vectors and tagged them as intact, suspect or lost depending on the filtering responses. As for the new segments updating, the process first implies a detection of potential starting points for new roads within the filtering corridor of previously known road to which they should be connected. In that respect, it is a very challenging task to emulate the human visual filtering process and further distinguish potential starting points of new roads on complex radiometric high definition imagery. In this research, we intend to evaluate the application’s efficiency in terms of total linear distances of detected roads as well as the spatial location of inconsistencies on a 2.8 km2 test site containing 40 km of various road categories in a semi-urban environment. As specific objectives, we first intend to establish the impact of different resolutions of the input imagery and secondly establish the potential gains of enhanced images (segmented and others) in a preemptive approach of better matching the image property with the detection parameters. These results have been compared to a ground truth reference obtained by a conventional visual detection process on the bases of total linear distances and spatial location of detection. The best results with the most efficient combination of resolution and pre-processing have shown a 78% intact detection in accordance to the ground truth reference when applied to a segmented resample image. The impact of image resolution is clearly noted as a change from 84 cm to 210 cm resolution altered the total detected distances of intact roads of around 15%. We also found many roads segments ignored by the process and without detection status although they were directly liked to intact neighbours. By revising the algorithm and optimizing the image pre-processing, we estimate a 90% intact detection performance can be reached. The new segment detection is non conclusive as it generates an uncontrolled networks of false detections throughout other entities in the images. Related to these false detections of new roads, we were able to identify numerous cases of new road detections parallel to previously assigned intact road segments. We conclude with a proposed procedure that involves enhanced images as input combined with human interventions at critical level in order to optimize the final product.
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Gomes, João Filipe Airosa. "The use of digital aerial photography as support for restoration, management and habitat monitoring programmes." Dissertação, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/65007.

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Gomes, João Filipe Airosa. "The use of digital aerial photography as support for restoration, management and habitat monitoring programmes." Master's thesis, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/65007.

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"Analysis of the Spatial Thinking of College Students in Traditional and Web-facilitated Introductory Geography Courses using Aerial Photography and Geo-visualization Technology." Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.25817.

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abstract: Recent advances in geo-visualization technologies, such as Google Earth, have the potential to enhance spatial thinking. Google Earth is especially suited to teaching landforms and geomorphological processes in traditional, online, or hybrid college classroom settings. The excitement for the technology as a learning tool, however, must be tempered by the need to develop sound and supportive pedagogies. A fundamental gap in the geoscience education literature exists because learning experiences with Google Earth, from the perspective of the student, are not completely understood. This dissertation analyzes three case studies in college introductory physical geography (Chapters 2 and 4) and teacher education (Chapter 3) courses at Arizona State University where students completed an online (Chapter 2 and 3) laboratory that used Google Earth as the main tool for landform identification and interpretation, and a hardcopy laboratory and in-field exercise (Chapter 4) that compared Google Earth oblique with traditional stereopair air photo and planimetric perspectives. Gauging student performance in these tasks, along with their formative and summative opinions for `what it was like to learn this way', provide information as part of a feedback loop to develop and improve instructional scaffolding and best practices so that the focus remains on the content-to-be-learned and not the tool. These case studies show that, in general, prior use of Google Earth is usually not a limiting factor; multiple perspectives and supplemental visualizations of landforms with Google Earth's may enhance the learning experience; the hands-on nature of structured Google Earth exploration in these labs are virtual field trips that increase enjoyment and fit within a learner-centered curriculum; scaffolding landform-learning exercises for aspiring elementary school teachers linked to children's literature assists the development of content knowledge for teaching physical geography and spatial thinking; and, finally, despite a virtual globe's high-quality visualizations and promising potential for learning, there is still a role for stereopair images in the geomorphology classroom.
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Doctoral Dissertation Geography 2014
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Paranjape, Meghana. "Identification of urban surface materials using high-resolution hyperspectral aerial imagery." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23760.

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La connaissance des matériaux de surface est essentielle pour l’aménagement et la gestion des villes. Avec les avancées en télédétection, particulièrement en imagerie de haute résolution spatiale et spectrale, l’identification et la cartographie détaillée des matériaux de surface en milieu urbain sont maintenant envisageables. Les signatures spectrales décrivent les interactions entre les objets au sol et le rayonnement solaire, et elles sont supposées uniques pour chaque type de matériau de surface. Dans ce projet de recherche nous avons utilisé des images hyperspectrales aériennes du capteur CASI, avec une résolution de 1 m2 et 96 bandes contigües entre 380nm et 1040nm. Ces images couvrant l’île de Montréal (QC, Canada), acquises en 2016, ont été analysées pour identifier les matériaux de surfaces. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, notre méthode d’analyse est fondée sur la comparaison des signatures spectrales d’un pixel quelconque à celles des objets typiques contenues dans des bibliothèques spectrales (matériaux inertes et végétation). Pour mesurer la correspondance entre la signature spectrale d’un objet et la signature spectrale de référence nous avons utilisé deux métriques. La première métrique tient compte de la forme d’une signature spectrale et la seconde, de la différence des valeurs de réflectance entre la signature spectrale observée et celle de référence. Un classificateur flou utilisant ces deux métriques est alors appliqué afin de reconnaître le type de matériau de surface sur la base du pixel. Des signatures spectrales typiques ont été extraites des deux librairies spectrales (ASTER et HYPERCUBE). Des signatures spectrales des objets typiques à Montréal mesurées sur le terrain (spectroradiomètre ASD) ont été aussi utilisées comme références. Trois grandes catégories de matériaux ont été identifiées dans les images pour faciliter la comparaison entre les classifications par source de références spectrales : l’asphalte, le béton et la végétation. La classification utilisant ASTER comme bibliothèque de référence a eu le plus grand taux de réussite avec 92%, suivi par ASD à 88% et finalement HYPERCUBE avec 80%. Nous 5 n’avons pas trouvé de différences significatives entre les trois résultats, ce qui indique que la classification est indépendante de la source des signatures spectrales de référence.
Knowledge of surface cover materials is crucial for urban planning and management. With advances in remote sensing, especially in high spatial and spectral resolution imagery, the identification and detailed mapping of surface materials in urban areas based on spectral signatures are now feasible. Spectral signatures describe the interactions between ground objects and solar radiation and are assumed unique for each type of material. In this research, we use airborne CASI images with 1 m2 spatial resolution, with 96 contiguous bands in a spectral range between 367 nm and 1044 nm. These images covering the island of Montreal (Quebec, Canada), obtained in 2016, were analyzed to identify urban surface materials. The objectives of the project were first to find a correspondence between the physical and chemical characteristic of typical surface materials, present in the Montreal scenes, and the spectral signatures within the images. Second, to develop a sound methodology for identifying these surface materials in urban landscapes. To reach these objectives, our method of analysis is based on a comparison of pixel spectral signatures to those contained in a reference spectral library that describe typical surface covering materials (inert materials and vegetation). Two metrics were used in order to measure the correspondence of pixel spectral signatures and reference spectral signature. The first metric considers the shape of a spectral signature and the second the difference of reflectance values between the observed and reference spectral signature. A fuzzy classifier using these two metrics is then applied to recognize the type of material on a pixel basis. Typical spectral signatures were extracted from two spectral libraries (ASTER and HYPERCUBE). Spectral signatures of typical objects in Montreal measured on the ground (ASD spectroradiometer) were also used as reference spectra. Three general types of surface materials (asphalt, concrete, and vegetation) were used to ease the comparison between classifications using these spectral libraries. The classification using ASTER as a reference library had the highest success rate reaching 92%, followed by the field spectra at 88%, and finally with HYPERCUBE at 80%. There were no significant differences in the classification results indicating that the methodology works independently of the source of reference spectral signatures.
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Khumalo, Bheki Romeo. "Goldmine tailings : a remote sensing survey." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23482.

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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science
Pollution originating from mine tailings is currently one of the environmental problems South Africa has to deal with. Because of the large number of tailings impoundments and their changing status, authorities are battling to keep their records and controls up to date. This project is aimed at investigating the use of remote sensing as a way of conducting surveys of mine tailings efficiently, regularly and at a low cost. Mine tailings impoundments of the Witwatersrand in Gauteng provide an ideal study area because of the large number of tailings dams of different sizes and conditions and the availability of satellite images and aerial photographs covering the area. Tailings impoundments conditions are analysed through satellite images, airborne multi-spectral data and aerial photographs captured during the Safari 2000 dry season campaign. Remote sensing interpretation of colour composites of multi-spectral bands, Principal Components and supervised and unsupervised classifications are the methods of analysis used. The overall goal of the project has been achieved through the production of a comprehensive database of tailings impoundments and their rehabilitation status, in an accessible format, containing identity, coordinates, area, rehabilitation status and owner of each tailings impoundment, map them and end up with a comprehensive database of tailings impoundment on the Witwatersrand.
AC2017
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18

Watt-Gremm, Graham Duff. "Taking a good long look : disturbance, succession, landscape change and repeat photography in the upper Blakiston Valley, Waterton Lakes National Park." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2481.

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Understanding historical disturbance and succession is critical in park management and restoration. I examined successional patterns and disturbance dynamics in the Blakiston Valley, Waterton Lakes National Park, by analyzing changes in forest structure using field research and repeat photography. I sampled forest structural attributes in 23 stands and interpreted forest cover from oblique and aerial photographs from 1881, 1914, 1947 and 2004. I quantitatively compared the interpretation from oblique photographs to aerial photographs and geographic information system (GIS) data and related succession to environmental factors and historical disturbances. Successional patterns were dominated by transitions from open meadows and shrublands to woodlands and closed forests, and were related to a small number of environment and disturbance variables, especially elevation, potential radiation, and time since last recorded fire. Accompanying these trends is a decline in landscape diversity. These findings have implications for restoration and conservation of subalpine forests in the park and across the region. The GIS methods capture spatially approximate vegetation patterns from oblique photographs and show potential for further research, especially in combination with the photograph collection of the Mountain Legacy Project.
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Roush, William Morgan. "A substantial upward shift of the alpine treeline ecotone in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2031.

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Changes within and beyond the alpine treeline ecotone are hypothesized to respond to climatic changes and to be controlled by site-specific conditions. Repeated photographs show significant changes in the alpine treeline ecotone of Goodsir Pass in Kootenay National Park, B.C. over the past century. Field work revealed increases in tree density within the ecotone, and a 150 vertical metre increase in the elevation of the ecotone, at a rate of 2.2 metres/year. Change within the ecotone of Goodsir Pass is more closely related to temporal climatic variability than to site-specific spatial variability. Repeated photographs from three National Parks in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains show this change to be a typical but dramatic example. Results at several scales indicate that the occurrence, magnitude and type of change in the alpine treeline ecotone and the drivers of that change are most influenced by the regional ecologic and geo-climatic setting or context.
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Ye, Nan. "Comparison between high-resolution aerial imagery and lidar data classification of canopy and grass in the NESCO neighborhood, Indianapolis, Indiana." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5276.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Urban forestry is a very important element of urban structures that can improve the environment and life quality within the urban areas. Having an accurate classification of urban forests and grass areas would help improve focused urban tree planting and urban heat wave mitigation efforts. This research project will compare the use of high – resolution aerial imagery and LiDAR data when used to classify canopy and grass areas. The high – resolution image, with 1 – meter resolution, was captured by The National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) on 6/6/2012. Its coordinate system is the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The LiDAR data, with 1.0 – meter average post spacing, was captured by Indiana Statewide Imagery and LiDAR Program from 03/13/2011 to 04/30/2012.The study area is called the Near East Side Community Organization (NESCO) neighborhood. It is located on the east side of downtown Indianapolis, Indiana. Its boundaries are: 65 interstate, East Massachusetts Avenue, East 21st Street, North Emerson Avenue, and the rail road tracks on the south of the East Washington Street. This research will also perform the accuracy assessment based on the results of classifications using high – resolution aerial imagery and LiDAR data in order to determine and explain which method is more accurate to classify urban canopy and grass areas.
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