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Journal articles on the topic 'Aerial photography in engineering geology'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Matthews, M. C., and C. R. I. Clayton. "The Use of Oblique Aerial Photography to Investigate the Extent and Sequence of Landslipping at Stag Hill, Guildford, Surrey." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 2, no. 1 (1986): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.1986.002.01.54.

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AbstractThe University of Surrey is situated on the northern slopes of Stag Hill, below Guildford Cathedral, which occupies the summit. During the investigation for the design of the University, it became apparent that the site was underlain by a large landslip, 500 m wide from east to west and extending 160 m from rear scarp to toe. Considerable effort was made to establish its geometry and extent (Skempton & Petley (1967), and Morgenstern & Tchalenko (1967)).In recent years it was realised that because the construction of the Cathedral extended over a long period of time, the likelihood of Stag Hill being covered by oblique aerial photography would be high. Some forty oblique aerial photographs, spanning the period 1949 to 1982, were collected and analysed together with vertical aerial photographs and topographic maps.Although the landslip is visible on vertical aerial photographs, individual elements are not easily identified. Using oblique photography, in particular that in which recognition of subdued topography has been enhanced by low sun angles, up to six phases of landslipping were identified.This paper uses this example to demonstrate the usefulness of aerial photography in site investigation and in particular the value of oblique photography, a topic which receives little attention in BS 5930:1981 considering how cost effective this tool can be.

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2

Giles, J. R. A. "Identification of former shallow coal mining from aerial photographs: an example from West Yorkshire." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 4, no. 1 (1987): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.15.

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AbstractSystematic, large-scale, aerial photography is now available for many areas of the exposed coalfields. In West Yorkshire 1:10000 or 1:10 560 scale cover is generally available, supplemented by 1:5000 and 1:3000 cover in more limited areas. Examination of aerial photographs, in conjunction with detailed geological mapping, has identified characteristic ground patterns associated with the existence of former shallow workings. These patterns are interpreted in terms of changes of style of mining with increasing depth.The presence of shallow mine workings is a major constraint on planning in areas of exposed coalfield. The examination of large scale aerial photographs offers a rapid reconnaissance method of identifying such workings.

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3

Amos, E. M., D. Blakeway, and C. D. Warren. "Remote Sensing Techniques in Civil Engineering Surveys." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 2, no. 1 (1986): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.1986.002.01.26.

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AbstractThis paper outlines selected remote sensing techniques and their application to civil engineering surveys.In BS 5930, emphasis has been placed on the interpretation of black and white aerial photography to provide information. However, other techniques such as true colour and false colour infrared photography, thermal infrared, radar and landsat satellite imagery may be useful in appropriate applications.

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4

Kalaugher, P. G., P. Grainger, and R. L. P. Hodgson. "Cliff stability evaluation using geomorphological maps based on oblique aerial photographs." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 4, no. 1 (1987): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.18.

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AbstractGeomorphological mapping is a well established tool in terrain evaluation. A case record is presented in which high-oblique aerial photography from a light aircraft has been used for basic mapping of a 3 km length of coastline with the purpose of assessing relative landslide hazard.The cliffs at Budleigh Salterton, East Devon, are formed in a succession of Permo-Triassic mudstone, conglomerate and sandstone which dip gently eastwards along the coast. The coastline is divided into five units based on changes in the stratigraphic succession exposed in the cliff face; each unit correlating with distinctive geomorphological features and cliff profiles. Groundwater discharges, wave attack and weathering ensure that there is continuing geomorphological activity. This necessitates frequent updating of local hazard assessment.Overlapping aerial photographs of the cliff face have been taken at intervals during the past six years. With limited ground inspection these photographs provide adequate data for basic geomorphological mapping of the principal forms represented in the cliff. Successive series of photographs are used to follow the development of individual features and to identify the hazards present in each section of the cliff. Data from early Ordnance Survey maps, old photographs and personal reminiscences extend parts of the history of the coast back into the last century. The positions of landslides are controlled largely by geological and hydrological factors whereas the timing of events is often a function of external environmental triggering mechanisms such as weather, tide or waves.A classification of the relative hazard of cliff-top instability has been used to map hazard zones for the coastline. Together with the system of photographic data acquisition advocated, this provides a rapid and economic method to assist planning authorities in determining development strategy.

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5

Walstra, J., J. H. Chandler, N. Dixon, and T. A. Dijkstra. "Aerial photography and digital photogrammetry for landslide monitoring." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 283, no. 1 (2007): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp283.5.

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6

Take, W. A., M. J. Chappel, R. W. I. Brachman, and R. K. Rowe. "Quantifying geomembrane wrinkles using aerial photography and digital image processing." Geosynthetics International 14, no. 4 (August 2007): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/gein.2007.14.4.219.

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7

Weltman, Austin. "Assessing ground conditions of small sites by aerial infrared photography." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 20, no. 2 (May 1987): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.qjeg.1987.020.02.01.

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8

Fookes, P. G., S. G. Dale, and J. M. Land. "Some observations on a comparative aerial photography interpretation of a landslipped area." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 24, no. 3 (August 1991): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.qjeg.1991.024.03.01.

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9

NAKASUJI, Akito, Sakae MUKOYAMA, and Hiroko KAWAI. "Image Processing Techniques in Engineering Geology. Disaster Prevention Survey of Unzen Volcano using Aerial Photographs." Journal of the Japan Society of Engineering Geology 34, no. 6 (1994): 300–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.34.300.

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10

Renner, Angelika H. H., Marie Dumont, Justin Beckers, Sebastian Gerland, and Christian Haas. "Improved characterisation of sea ice using simultaneous aerial photography and sea ice thickness measurements." Cold Regions Science and Technology 92 (August 2013): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2013.03.009.

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11

Ansari, S., C. D. Rennie, S. P. Clark, and O. Seidou. "IceMaskNet: River ice detection and characterization using deep learning algorithms applied to aerial photography." Cold Regions Science and Technology 189 (September 2021): 103324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2021.103324.

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12

Corbane, Christina, Daniela Carrion, Guido Lemoine, and Marco Broglia. "Comparison of Damage Assessment Maps Derived from Very High Spatial Resolution Satellite and Aerial Imagery Produced for the Haiti 2010 Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 1_suppl1 (October 2011): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3630223.

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Following the devastating M7.2 earthquake that affected Haiti on 12 January 2010 two types of building damage assessment maps were produced: 1) area-based damage assessments using pre- and post-event satellite imagery and 2) detailed building-by-building damage assessments using post-event aerial photography. In this paper, we compare the reliability and the usability of area-based damage assessment maps from satellite imagery with respect to the detailed damage assessment from aerial data. The main objective is to better understand how cooperative rapid mapping can steer the more detailed assessments that are typical in determining postdisaster recovery and reconstruction efforts. The results of these experiments indicate that damage assessment maps based on satellite data are capable of capturing the damage pattern, mainly in areas with a high level of damaged and many collapsed structures. However, these maps cannot provide the level of information needed for the quantification of damage intensity.

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13

Walstra, J., N. Dixon, and J. H. Chandler. "Historical aerial photographs for landslide assessment: two case histories." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 40, no. 4 (November 2007): 315–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1470-9236/07-011.

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14

Svoray, T., and Y. Carmel. "Empirical Method for Topographic Correction in Aerial Photographs." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 2, no. 2 (April 2005): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2005.846012.

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15

Hearn, G. J., and R. W. Duncumb. "Using stereo aerial photography and satellite InSAR to help assess slope hazards for a hydropower project in mountainous southern Albania." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 51, no. 2 (April 4, 2018): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2017-100.

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16

Redding, J. H. "Route selection for natural gas pipelines in Ireland." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 4, no. 1 (1987): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.56.

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AbstractBy the end of 1986, over 400 km of high pressure (70 bar) natural gas pipeline will have been constructed in the Irish Republic, much of it laid in sparsely populated rural areas where topography, hydrology, near surface geology and ground conditions can significantly influence construction feasibility and cost. Identifying, quantifying and (where possible) avoiding areas of potential difficulty or hazard are aspects of route selection to which engineering geology can make an important contribution. This contribution is discussed in relation to the Cork-Dublin pipeline completed in 1982, and the Limerick, Waterford and Mallow lines due for completion this year. In particular, the application and merits of stereo aerial photographic interpretation, superficial geological mapping and field study are outlined, together with the use of more traditional methods of site investigation. Attention is focussed on indigenous engineering geological problems associated with shallow rock, limestone karst, peat bog and poorly drained alluvial and morainic soils. Data acquisition and presentation are discussed within the overall context of civil engineering contract preparation and administration. The usefulness of this approach, particularly for predicting and minimising construction costs, forestalling claims and generally facilitating on-site supervision, is emphasised.

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17

Basnyat, P., B. McConkey, B. Meinert, C. Gatkze, and G. Noble. "Agriculture Field Characterization Using Aerial Photograph and Satellite Imagery." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 1, no. 1 (January 2004): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2003.822313.

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18

Naito, Shohei, Hiromitsu Tomozawa, Yuji Mori, Takeshi Nagata, Naokazu Monma, Hiromitsu Nakamura, Hiroyuki Fujiwara, and Gaku Shoji. "Building-damage detection method based on machine learning utilizing aerial photographs of the Kumamoto earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 3 (February 20, 2020): 1166–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293019901309.

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This article presents a method for detecting damaged buildings in the event of an earthquake using machine learning models and aerial photographs. We initially created training data for machine learning models using aerial photographs captured around the town of Mashiki immediately after the main shock of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. All buildings are classified into one of the four damage levels by visual interpretation. Subsequently, two damage discrimination models are developed: a bag-of-visual-words model and a model based on a convolutional neural network. Results are compared and validated in terms of accuracy, revealing that the latter model is preferable. Moreover, for the convolutional neural network model, the target areas are expanded and the recalls of damage classification at the four levels range approximately from 66% to 81%.

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19

Deane, Evan, Renato Macciotta, Michael T. Hendry, Chris Gräpel, and Roger Skirrow. "Leveraging historical aerial photographs and digital photogrammetry techniques for landslide investigation—a practical perspective." Landslides 17, no. 8 (May 23, 2020): 1989–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01437-z.

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20

Yamagishi, H., H. Marui, L. Ayalew, T. Sekiguchi, T. Horimatsu, and M. Hatamoto. "Estimation of the sequence and size of the Tozawagawa landslide, Niigata, Japan, using aerial photographs." Landslides 1, no. 4 (October 27, 2004): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-004-0032-2.

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21

Sauer, E. Karl, and E. A. Christiansen. "A landslide in till near Warman, Saskatchewan, Canada." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 22, no. 2 (May 1, 1985): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t85-027.

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Little information is available about typical shear strength parameters of tills in southern Saskatchewan even though till is the most common earth material used for construction in this region. The Warman landslide in the South Saskatchewan River Valley provides some insight into the shear strength characteristics of a till, and the results are compared with laboratory tests. The till is from the Upper till of the Sutherland Group, which has a high clay content relative to the underlying and overlying tills. A back analysis of the landslide produced [Formula: see text]′ = 27° assuming c′ = 0. Comparison with laboratory test data and results from a similar landslide near Lebret, Saskatchewan, suggests that [Formula: see text]′ = 22.5° with c′ = 7 kPa may be appropriate "residual" shear strength parameters. A rising water table appears to have been the main contributing factor to instability between 1969 and 1984. There is a possibility, however, that at the 1:50 return interval for flood levels on the river, erosion at the toe of the landslide debris may be a significant factor. Numerous slump scars in the form of small amphitheatres, presently inactive, can be observed in the aerial photographs of the adjacent area. These failures likely occurred intermittently, depending on fluctuating water table and river flood levels. Key words: landslide, till, correlation, stratigraphy, back analysis, shear strength, residual, aerial photographs.

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22

Cruden, D. M., and P. C. Tsui. "Some influences of ice thrusting in geotechnical engineering." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, no. 1 (1991): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.09.

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AbstractIce-thrust features are widespread on the Interior Plains of Canada and cause geotechnical problems. Case histories here show that shear zones from ice-thrusting have strongly influenced design, construction and Instrumentation of coal mine slopes and earth and tailings dams.The identification of ice-thrust terrain requires aerial photograph analyses, geological field mapping and study of borehole logs and topographic maps. Three geomorphological settings which are susceptible to glaciotectonic deformation are described as escarpment, valley and plains settings. Ice-thrust features can be expected where local slopes are inclined toward the former glacier margin and where proglacial water bodies were impounded. These water bodies cause disintegration of proglacial permafrost hence decreasing the resistance of subglacial strata to ice thrusting.A fissured, brecciated Palaeocene mudstone, once heavily overconsolidated, from an ice-thrust shear zone, behaved as normally to lightly overconsolidated in laboratory tests. Shear deformation was non-brittle with a maximum strength close to residual. Fabric elements present included principal displacement shears, Reidel shears, conjugate sets of particle alignments, cutans, lithorelics and aggregations which had a dense core of randomly oriented clay platelets wrapped by an external layer of oriented clay particles. The fabric is similar to shear zones formed by tectonic activity and by laboratory shear tests, suggesting that all these shear zones were formed under similar kinematic restraints. This was confirmed by back analysis of movements of a mine highwall and two earth dams.

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23

Reid, Mark E., Jonathan W. Godt, Richard G. LaHusen, Stephen L. Slaughter, Thomas C. Badger, Brian D. Collins, William H. Schulz, et al. "When hazard avoidance is not an option: lessons learned from monitoring the postdisaster Oso landslide, USA." Landslides 18, no. 9 (June 18, 2021): 2993–3009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01686-6.

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AbstractOn 22 March 2014, a massive, catastrophic landslide occurred near Oso, Washington, USA, sweeping more than 1 km across the adjacent valley flats and killing 43 people. For the following 5 weeks, hundreds of workers engaged in an exhaustive search, rescue, and recovery effort directly in the landslide runout path. These workers could not avoid the risks posed by additional large-scale slope collapses. In an effort to ensure worker safety, multiple agencies cooperated to swiftly deploy a monitoring and alerting system consisting of sensors, automated data processing and web-based display, along with defined communication protocols and clear calls to action for emergency management and search personnel. Guided by the principle that an accelerating landslide poses a greater threat than a steadily moving or stationary mass, the system was designed to detect ground motion and vibration using complementary monitoring techniques. Near real-time information was provided by continuous GPS, seismometers/geophones, and extensometers. This information was augmented by repeat-assessment techniques such as terrestrial and aerial laser scanning and time-lapse photography. Fortunately, no major additional landsliding occurred. However, we did detect small headscarp failures as well as slow movement of the remaining landslide mass with the monitoring system. This was an exceptional response situation and the lessons learned are applicable to other landslide disaster crises. They underscore the need for cogent landslide expertise and ready-to-deploy monitoring equipment, the value of using redundant monitoring techniques with distinct goals, the benefit of clearly defined communication protocols, and the importance of continued research into forecasting landslide behavior to allow timely warning.

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Rose, Edward P. F. "Aerial photographic intelligence during World War II: contributions by some distinguished British geologists." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 473, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 275–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp473.13.

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25

Goto, Hideaki, Yasuhiro Kumahara, Shoichiro Uchiyama, Yoshiya Iwasa, Tomoru Yamanaka, Rinako Motoyoshi, Shun Takeuchi, Sho Murata, and Takashi Nakata. "Distribution and Characteristics of Slope Movements in the Southern Part of Hiroshima Prefecture Caused by the Heavy Rain in Western Japan in July 2018." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 6 (September 1, 2019): 894–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p0894.

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Record-breaking heavy rainfall in July 2018 caused an extremely large number of slope movements over a broad area of western Japan. We mapped the distribution of slope movements in the southern part of Hiroshima Prefecture through an interpretation of aerial photographs that were acquired after the rainfall by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, and counted a total of 8,497 slope-movement starting points. The widespread distribution of slope movements – from Etajima City of Hiroshima Prefecture to Kasaoka City of Okayama Prefecture – suggests that the heavy rain affected a very large area. The starting points of debris flow during this disaster were commonly close to the crest of mountain ranges. We compared the distribution of slope movements to the 24-hr rainfall accumulation during the heaviest rainfall event to clarify the factors that caused regional difference in slope-movement distribution. We found the area of highest density of the slope movements was consistent with the area receiving a cumulative rainfall of >250 mm. This observation indicated that the position of slope-movement starting points was not related to differences in geology.

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26

Dawes, P. R. "Topographical and geological maps of Hall Land, North Greenland. Description of a computer- supported photogrammetrical research programme for production of new maps, and the Lower Palaeozoic and surficial geology." Bulletin Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 155 (January 1, 1987): 1–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/bullggu.v155.6697.

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Topographical and geological map sheets covering the northern part of Hall Land (81-82°N) are presented – an area of about 3000 km2. The maps are the products of a research programme in which newly developed photogrammetric techniques have been used in the interpretation and compilation of the topography and the geology (both solid and surficial). The topographical map has been constructed with a minimum of geodetic ground control. The topographic contours have been calculated from a digital elevation model using computer programmes, and automatically plotted out. The geological map has been hand-drawn from 74 manuscript sheets compiled from aerial photograph models on second-order analog stereo-plotting instruments with computer facilities. The maps, the photogrammetric programme and the solid and surficial geology are described in seven chapters. The first two provide an introductory background that explains the motivation for the research, summarises the history of cartographic, geodetic and geologic work and provides a status of research at the start of the programme. The third chapter discusses the various aspects of the photogrammetric programme, instrumentation and the on-line computer facilities utilised, and is followed by a chapter dealing with compilation method, map presentation and assessment of cartographic accuracy compared to previous maps and modern geodetic ground data. The next chapter describes the topography and geomorphology and relates the three main physiographic provinces to the solid and surficial geology. The penultimate chapter outlines the stratigraphy and structure of the Upper Ordovician-Silurian (Llandovery-Pridoli) section through the E-W trending Franklinian basin. In Ordovician-earliest Silurian time, the map area was part of the carbonate platform; in the Llandovery a major shift southwards of the deep-water basin occurred. The Silurian succession displays a regional facies change from platform carbonates in the south, through a major reef belt on the shelf and upper slope to, in the north, clastic turbidites of the lower slope and trough. Facies transitions and interdigitation of shelf-slope-trough lithologies are complex. The northern part of the map exposes the autochthonous margin of the mid-Palaeozoic North Greenland fold belt characterised by E-W folds. The regional structure is an asymmetric synclinorium; a decollement zone probably occurs in the shale sequence that overlies the Lower Silurian carbonate platform. The final chapter describes eight groups of Quaternary deposits and features: moraine, fluviatile-glaciofluvial, marine, lacustrine, colluvial, solifluction, aeolian and periglacial. Hall Land was formerly entirely ice covered, and deposits of several ice advances are preserved; six major marginal moraine systems are defined. Marine deposits are prominent and terrace levels and raised shorelines are well preserved; the Holocene marine limit is at least 125 m above present sea level. Major events are placed within a Pleistocene-Holocene chronostratigraphic framework. Comments on place names are given in an appendix.

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27

Kovacik, M., and R. Ondrasic. "The effect of Quaternary uplift on the stability of slopes in the central part the Skorusinske Vrchy mountains in the west Carpathians." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, no. 1 (1991): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.66.

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AbstractThe Skorušinské vrchy mountains are part of the West Carpathians in northwest Slovakia near the Polish border. They consist of four Palaeogene sedimentary complexes and comprise a 1500 to 2000 m thick sequence of conglomerates, claystones, flyschoid rocks and sandstones. The older complexes erop out on the margins of the mountains and are covered by relatively thin clayey soils. The central part, the most highly uplifted block, consists of Eocene calcareous sandstone which are disturbed by joints and deep-seated faults. The difference in elevation between the mountain summits and the valley floors is more than 400 m.A detailed investigation of mass movement has been carried out using aerial photographs,air borne radar and satellite imagery foliowed by a field survey.Three main types of slope deformation were identified - rock block slides along bedding surfaces, rock siumps across bedding surfaces and landslides in slope debris. The occurrence of the largest and most deep-seated slides are controlled by faults. The presence of these mass deformations indicate the existence of tilted fault blocks which are the result of neotectonic arch uplift. About 15–17% of the area covered by sandstones is affected by mass movements. This paper describes the methodology of the investigation, the mechanism and genesis of slope deformations, the occurrence and parameters of slides and the role of the Quaternary uplift in the slope instability component of regional geomorphological evolution.

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28

SHIRAO, Motomaro. "Aerial Photography for Geomorphology and Geology." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 106, no. 1 (1997): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.106.105.

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29

Choi, Mikyoung, Yasuhiro Takemon, Wansik Yu, and Kwansue Jung. "Ecological evaluation of reach scale channel configuration based on habitat structures for river management." Journal of Hydroinformatics 20, no. 3 (March 29, 2018): 622–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2018.139.

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Abstract Ecological evaluation of riverbed geomorphology is essential for environmental assessment of river works as well as for establishment of target images in river management planning. In this paper, we analyzed inter-relationships between the reach-scale channel configuration (RSCC) and habitat structure on the riverbed based on the historical changes of riverbed geomorphology on the Kizu River in Japan. The analyses used nine sets of aerial photographs taken from 1948 to 2012, which resulted in a total of eight RSCC types classified as Single Sinuous, Semi-Wandering-Straight, S-W-Sinuous, Wandering-Straight, W-Sinuous, Bifurcated-Straight, B-Sinuous, and Braided Sinuous. Aquatic habitats were classified into four lotic habitats (Main Slow, Secondary Slow, Gently Bending Riffle, and Sharply Bending Riffle) and four lentic habitats (Bar-Head Wando, Bar-Tail Wando, Active Pond, and Terrace Pond), and their richness and diversity indices were analyzed in relation to RSCC types. The results showed that Braided Sinuous channels had the maximum number of habitats, and Wandering-Straight and Bifurcated-Sinuous channels showed higher habitat diversity than the others. These results indicated that the target image of the Kizu River management will be Braided-Sinuous channels in terms of habitat abundance, whereas they will be Wandering-Straight and Bifurcated-Sinuous channels from the aspect of habitat diversity.

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30

Jeffery, Zoe Elizabeth, Stephen Penn, David Peter Giles, and Linley Hastewell. "Identification, investigation and classification of surface depressions and chalk dissolution features using integrated LiDAR and geophysical methods." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 53, no. 4 (January 7, 2020): 620–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2019-098.

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The chalk bedrock of the Hampshire Basin, southern England is an important aquifer and is highly susceptible to dissolution, making the development and presence of karstic features a widespread occurrence. These features are hazardous because they provide possible pathways to the underlying aquifer and therefore present potential site-specific contamination risks. There is also evidence of extensive extraction, through both mining and surface quarrying, of chalk, flint and clay over many centuries. Geophysical techniques consisting of electromagnetic (EM31) and ground-penetrating radar surveys were used to identify and characterize target features identified from desk study data. The ground-penetrating radar and EM31 interpretations allowed the classification of non-anthropogenic target features, such as diffuse buried sinkholes with disturbed and subsiding clay-rich infill and varying symmetrical and asymmetrical morphologies. We describe here the investigations of such features identified at Holme Farm, Stansted House, Hampshire. The combination of EM31 data and ground-penetrating radar profiles facilitated the identification of a palaeovalley, cavities and irregular rockhead. This investigation identified locations of aquifer contamination risk as some sinkholes have been sites for the illegal dumping of waste or the infiltration of fertilizers, leaking sewage pipes or animal waste. This potential source of contamination utilizes the sinkhole as a pathway into the highly transmissive White Chalk Subgroup of Hampshire and has caused contamination of the aquifer. We conclude that our integrated approach of geophysical techniques linked to aerial photographs and LiDAR image interpretation was highly effective in the location and characterization of dissolution structures, infilled former quarries and mining features at this site.

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Reynolds, J. M. "The role of surface geophysics in the assessment of regional groundwater potential in Northern Nigeria." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 4, no. 1 (1987): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.22.

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AbstractAn analysis has been made of the usefulness of surface geophysical site investigations as part of a rural water supply programme carried out in southern Kano State, northern Nigeria. Field work was undertaken under the auspices of the Kano State Agricultural Rural Development Project in conjunction with Groundwater Development Consultants (International) Ltd, Cambridge. The database for this study consists of the results of surface geophysical site investigations at over 200 rural villages and comprised electrical resistivity and/or electromagnetic ground conductivity methods together with hydrogeological data from boreholes drilled as tubewells. The groundwater potential of southern Kano State was determined as a result of field studies of hand-dug wells, water table levels, geological and geomorphological mapping, the use of aerial photographs and, in particular, surface geophysics. Areas with poor groundwater potential were successfully highlighted. A drilling programme was planned on the basis of these field studies which allowed the drilling rigs to be used to maximum effectiveness providing successful tubewells whilst the more problematical sites were investigated further. Wildcat wells sited without the aid of geophysics and drilled in the Basement Complex of the Younger Granite terrain in Kano State resulted in unacceptably high failure rates (c. 70%). Once geophysical methods were introduced, the failure rate fell to less than 32% and, following further development of geophysical field and interpretation techniques, the final failure rate was around 17%. For a project whose target was 1000 successful tubewells, each costing of the order of £15,000, the saving to the client as a result of reduced number of failures was of the order of £5 million. The use of resistivity surveys, especially in conjunction with electromagnetic induction methods, has proved invaluable in the evaluation of groundwater potential and the planning of extensive drilling programme in southern Kano State.

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KODAMA, KAZUTO, HIROFUMI FUKUI, and KATSUTAKA MURO-OKA. "KITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND ITS APPLICATION TO GEOLOGY." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 94, no. 5 (1988): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.94.381.

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Langovic, Marko, Slavoljub Dragicevic, Ivan Novkovic, Nenad Zivkovic, Radislav Tosic, Boban Milojkovic, and Zoran Cvorovic. "Assessment of the soil loss caused by riverbank erosion in Serbia." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 101, no. 1 (2021): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd2101031l.

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Riverbank erosion and lateral channel migration are important geomorphological processes which cause various landscape, socio-economic, and environmental consequences. Although those processes are present on the territory of Serbia, there is no available data about the soil loss caused by riverbank erosion for the entire country. In this study, the spatial and temporal dynamics of the riverbank erosion for the largest internal rivers in Serbia (Velika Morava, Zapadna Morava, Juzna Morava, Pek, Mlava, Veliki Timok, Kolubara) was assessed using remote sensing and GIS. The aim of this paper is to determine the total and average soil loss over large-scale periods (1923-2020), comparing data from the available sources (aerial photographs, satellite images, and different scale paper maps). Results indicated that lateral migration caused significant problems through land loss (approximately 2,561 ha), especially arable land, and land use changes in river basins, but also economic loss due to the reduction of agricultural production. Total and average soil loss was calculated for five most representative meanders on all studied rivers, and on the basis of the obtained values, certain regularities about further development and dynamics of riverbank movement are presented. A better understanding of river channel migration in this area will be of a great importance for practical issues such as predicting channel migration rates for river engineering and planning purposes, soil and water management and land use changes, environment protection.

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Mauelshagen, L. "LOW ALTITUDE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." Photogrammetric Record 12, no. 68 (August 26, 2006): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1986.tb00561.x.

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Rieke-Zapp, Dirk. "Small-Format Aerial Photography." Photogrammetric Record 26, no. 134 (June 2011): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.2011.00637_2.x.

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Specht, Cezary, Pawel S. Dabrowski, and Mariusz Specht. "3D modelling of beach topography changes caused by the tombolo phenomenon using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry on the example of the city of Sopot." Geo-Marine Letters 40, no. 5 (June 17, 2020): 675–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00367-020-00665-5.

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Abstract In 2011, a yacht marina was built in Sopot (the largest holiday resort in Poland), which initiated the formation of a local shallowing of the bottom related to the tombolo effect. The building of the marina led to disturbances in the transmission of bottom deposits along the coast, which resulted from waves and the shift of the beach coastline by approx. 50 m towards the sea. Its effects include progressive morphological changes in the shore and the sea bottom, which will lead to the formation of a peninsula between the shore and the marina in the future. This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the accuracy of 3D modelling of the tombolo phenomenon in the onshore part of the beach using both point clouds obtained by terrestrial laser scanning methods and photogrammetric methods based on unmanned aerial vehicle photographs. The methods subjected to assessment include both those for land modelling and for determining the coastline course and its changes. The analysis results prove the existence of sub-metre differences in the imaged relief and the coastline course, which were demonstrated using an analysis of land cross-sections. The possibilities and limitations of both methods are demonstrated as well.

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Massasati, Ahmad S. "Georeferencing Aerial Photography: Beginners Approach." Journal of Surveying Engineering 128, no. 4 (November 2002): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9453(2002)128:4(159).

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Sims, W. G., and M. L. Benson. "Mapping from Colour Aerial Photography." Photogrammetric Record 6, no. 33 (August 26, 2006): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1969.tb00945.x.

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Woodrow, H. C. "Mapping from Colour Aerial Photography." Photogrammetric Record 6, no. 34 (August 26, 2006): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1969.tb00959.x.

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Wallington, E. D. "Aerial photography and image interpretation." Photogrammetric Record 19, no. 108 (December 2004): 420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0031-868x.2004.295_6.x.

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Robertson, V. C. "AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND PROPER LAND UTILISATION." Photogrammetric Record 1, no. 6 (August 26, 2006): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1955.tb01034.x.

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Welch, R., and J. Halliday. "IMAGE QUALITY CONTROLS FOR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY†." Photogrammetric Record 8, no. 45 (August 26, 2006): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1975.tb00059.x.

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Schloesser, Donald W., Charles L. Brown, and Bruce A. Manny. "Use of Aerial Photography to Inventory Aquatic Vegetation." Journal of Aerospace Engineering 1, no. 3 (July 1988): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0893-1321(1988)1:3(142).

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Rasmussen, L. A., and R. M. Krimmel. "Using Vertical Aerial Photography to Estimate Mass Balance at a Point." Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography 81, no. 4 (December 1999): 725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3676.1999.00100.x.

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Wester-Ebbinghaus, W. "AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY BY RADIO CONTROLLED MODEL HELICOPTER." Photogrammetric Record 10, no. 55 (August 26, 2006): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1980.tb00006.x.

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Hiby, A. R., D. Thompson, and A. J. Ward. "CENSUS OF GREY SEALS BY AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." Photogrammetric Record 12, no. 71 (August 26, 2006): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1988.tb00607.x.

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Ekin, Bill. "The Use of GPS for Low-Cost Aerial Block Photography." Journal of Navigation 48, no. 2 (May 1995): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300012704.

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Flight trials using an inexpensive Garmin GPS receiver, Century 1 autopilot and a Cessna F172H aircraft to acquire block aerial photography are described. The performance of the whole system in the maintenance of constant sidelap and forward lap in block aerial vertical photography was good. However, the system was not good enough to manoeuvre the aircraft accurately on curved flight paths.

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Pisetskaya, Olga, Yanina Isayeva, and Maksim Goutsaki. "Application of Unmanned Flying Vehicle for Obtaining Digital Orthofotomaps." Baltic Surveying 11 (November 20, 2019): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2019.018.

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Nowadays, surveys using unmanned aerial vehicles is becoming popular. The resulting orthophotomap is the final product for creating digital plans and cardboard. The objectives of the study are to study the possibilities of obtaining orthophotomaps from survey materials using unmanned aerial vehicles based on the results of the experiment. The article describes various types of aerial photography. Some types of unmanned flying vehicles to conduct aerial photography for the purpose of monitoring, engineering surveys, inventory of agricultural land, and crop forecasts are considered. A description of aerial photography surveying is given on the example of the city of Dzerzhinsk, Minsk Region, which is performed taking into account the unmanned flying vehicles of GeoScan 201 and the Republican agricultural aero-geodesic unitary enterprise BelPSHAGI. A description of the GeoScan Planner software and basic pre-flight preparation is given. The stages of the preparatory work before the aerial photography, the creation of the planning and high-altitude geodetic justification, the implementation of aerial photography procedures, the steps of the aerial photograph anchorage procedure are considered. Agisoft Photoscan, which allows to get clouds of points, surfaces, 3D models and orthophotomaps using digital raster images are presented. The map of heights (DEM) of the terrain and the orthophotomap was made on the basis of a dense points cloud. According to the results of the research, a conclusion was made on the possibility of using aerial photography materials obtained using unmanned flying vehicles to get orthophotomaps of the required accuracy.

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Chen, Shen-En, Corey Rice, Chuck Boyle, and Edd Hauser. "Small-Format Aerial Photography for Highway-Bridge Monitoring." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 25, no. 2 (April 2011): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000145.

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Bawden, M. P. "APPLICATIONS OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY IN LAND SYSTEM MAPPING." Photogrammetric Record 5, no. 30 (August 26, 2006): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1967.tb00897.x.

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