Dissertations / Theses: 'Aerial photography in geography'

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Richards, Daniel L. "Open source UAV platform development for aerial photography." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1587919.

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Aerial photography is an important layer in Geographic Information Systems (GISs), and generally provides the base layer from which many other digital map layers are derived. Capturing these photos from a traditional full-sized airplane is a complex and expensive process. The recent development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and associated technology are providing an alternative to the traditional aerial mapping process. UAVs produced by popular commercial vendors are effective at capturing photos, but are highly expensive to acquire, and equally expensive to maintain.

This research project demonstrates the development and successful implementation of a relatively inexpensive ($2000) unmanned aerial vehicle capable of acquiring high-resolution digital aerial photography. The UAV was developed using open source technology and commercially available components. The methods outlined encompass the platform selection, component inventory, design, construction, configuration, implementation, and testing of the UAV, as well as an analysis of the photography produced by the process. This approach can be used by others to implement similar UAV projects.

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Wolf, Eric B. "Low-cost large scale aerial photography and the Upland South Folk Cemetery a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of Master of Science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2006. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/WolfEricB/index.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2006.
The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on January 25, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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Smith, Scott R. "Aerial perspective and geography : an historical look at the use of aircraft to gain a sense of place /." Abstract Full Text (HTML) Full Text (PDF), 2009. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000575/02/2016FT.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2009.
Thesis advisor: Cynthis Pope. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-81). Also available via the World Wide Web.

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Brimicombe, A. J. "Uncertainty and fitness-for-use in handling aerial photographic interpretive data in geographical information systems." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14394820.

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Fyfield, Paul Hagen. "Transportation and Land Use Patterns: Monitoring Urban Change Using Aerial Photography, Portland, Oregon 1925-1945." PDXScholar, 2003. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2242.

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American urban neighborhoods are a patchwork; the spatial arrangement of types is a reflection of the dominant transportation technology at the time of their development. The earliest suburban areas were made accessible by fixed route systems such as the electric streetcar, followed by the widespread adoption of the automobile; each transportation epoch resulted in characteristic patterns of land use. This study uses aerial photographic coverage of Portland, Oregon from the years 1925, 1936, and 1945, a time of decline for the once popular trolley lines and dramatic increase in automobile usage, to monitor change within the residential areas of Portland's east side over a twenty year period. Classic economic models of the time acknowledged transportation as a force shaping the city; modem ideas in urban planning such as Traditional Neighborhood Design and Transit Oriented Development look to pre-automobile urban form as a means to reduce automobile use and its negative implications. This study uses variables of housing density and street connectivity derived from the aerial photography; the measured values of these variables are then considered for their spatial and temporal distribution using statistical comparisons. The results are compared to ideas within the urban models and current thinking about urban morphology. While generally consistent with the expected patterns, deviations and differences between the two variables are considered for their implications. Models offer a simplified version of the growth of American cities, considering only a few of the many aspects of a dynamic environment. By isolating on these variables of density and connectivity, a greater understanding of their role in arriving at the modem residential urban environment may be reached, and this understanding can add to the discourse in current planning debates.

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Dicks, Steven E. "Satellite-derived surface temperatures and their relationships to land cover, land use, soils and physiography of North-Central Florida." Gainesville, FL, 1986. http://www.archive.org/details/satellitederived00dick.

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Hui, Lin Ning. "THE USE OF LARGE SCALE COLOR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY TO MONITOR CATTLE GRAZING IN MESQUITE GRASSLANDS, SOUTHERN ARIZONA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275514.

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Pryor, Logan S. "Land-cover mapping in an agriculture zone using simulated Sentinel-2 data." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Geography, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3367.

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Remote sensing technologies are used to assist in the mapping and monitoring of land cover in space and time. The European Space Agency’s (ESA) upcoming Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) to be launched in 2013 has improved spatial and spectral properties compared to the current large-swath medium-resolution satellite sensors. Prior to the deployment of future sensors it is important to simulate and test the sensor data to evaluate the sensor's potential performance in producing the existing data products and develop new algorithms. This study simulated Sentinel-2 MSI data from airborne hyperspectral data over an agriculture area in northern Alberta, Canada. The standard Sentinel-2 MSI land-cover product was evaluated by comparing it to one created from the standard Landsat 5 TM and SPOT 5 HRV data products. Furthermore the standard Sentinel-2 MSI water column content band configuration and algorithm was evaluated for atmospheric correction purposes.
xi, 90 leaves : col. ill. ; 29 cm

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Wunderly, Martin A. "Defining Zostera marina (Eelgrass) Restoration Sites in Virginia's Coastal Bays with Aerial Images and Bathymetric Mapping." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1261160088.

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Aqdus, Syed Ali. "Airborne multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing techniques in archaeology a comparative study /." Thesis, Thesis restricted. Connect to e-thesis to view abstract, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/812/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2009.
Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Physical Sciences, Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences and the Faculty of Arts, Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, 2009. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

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Gregorio, Michael Anthony. "Geomorphic Effects of the Hocking River Channelization at Athens, Ohio, on the Downstream Planform." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1213210389.

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Dunfee, Scott E. "Evolution of ORV Trails in the Little Sahara Recreation Area, Utah, 1952 - 1997." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1225292205.

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Silva, Elvio Gilberto da [UNESP]. "Medicões de áreas por fotografias aéreas, em escala nominal, comparadas com a área obtida em fotos com escalas corrigidas por meio de um SIG." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101896.

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O desenvolvimento da agricultura e o uso da terra de maneira não somente a protegê-la contra alterações superficiais provocadas pela ação constante dos fenômenos naturais, mas também a desenvolver aos poucos sua capacidade produtiva, requer um cuidadoso planejamento inicial. Para que o mesmo seja efetivo e eficiente, é necessário que se tenha acesso a informações corretas e detalhadas, as quais podem estar disponíveis em imagens aéreas de sensoriamento remoto. O uso das fotografias aéreas verticais dentre os produtos do Sensoriamento Remoto se tornou cada vez mais frequente nos projetos de levantamentos, planejamentos e explorações do solo, principalmente porque substitui, com vantagens, outras bases cartográficas, além da riqueza de detalhes que oferece, eliminando-se assim as dificuldades de acesso em áreas inacessíveis, bem como facilitando a visão tridimensional, por aumentar o rendimento e a precisão do mapeamento, por meio da combinação dos trabalhos de campo e laboratório, com o estudo de interpretação fotográfica. Este trabalho utilizou-se de fotografias aéreas pancromáticas nas escalas nominais 1:25000 (1962), 1:45000 (1977) e coloridas na escala nominal aproximada de 1:30.000, proveniente do levantamento aerofotogramétrico efetuado no ano de 2005, tendo como objetivo mostrar através da utilização de um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) a possibilidade de realizar uma análise mais completa e segura de valores de área, obtidos diretamente na foto sem correções de escala, e posteriormente compará-los com os valores de área obtidos de fotografias aéreas com escalas corrigidas, tendo como referência a carta do Instituto Geográfico e Cartográfico do Estado de São Paulo, resultando num coeficiente de erro que mostrará as diferenças das áreas através...
interpretation is a basic resource and it constitutes in a technique which enables infinite refining. Agricultural development and ground use requires a careful initial planning in order not only to protect them against superficial changing provoked by natural phenomena but also to gradually develop its productive capacity. For the efficiency of ground management, it is necessary to access correct and detailed information which can be available through aerial images of remote sensing. The use of vertical aerial photography through Remote Sensing has become more common in ground collection, management and exploration, mainly because it substitutes, with lots f advantage, for cartographic bases, besides offering detailed characteristics, eliminating access difficulties in inaccessible areas, as well as facilitating a tridimensional view once it increases map efficiency and accuracy by combining field and laboratory work with photography interpretation. This work, using panchromatic aerial photography in nominal scale 1:25000 (1962), 1:45000 (1977) , and approximate nominal scale of 1:30.000, proceeding from aerial photogrameter developed in 2005, aimed at showing through the Geographic Information System (GIS) the possibility of developing a more complete and accurate analysis of the area values, obtained directly from photos without scale correction, and after comparing it with area values obtained from aerial photography with correct scale referred in IGC (Brazilian Cartography and Geography Institute) guidelines, resulting in an error coefficient which shows area differences through two proposed study. Considering the aerial photographies in three different years: 192, 1977 and 2005, it is possible to affirm that the 2005’s images presented lower values of area difference... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Silva, Elvio Gilberto da 1970. "Medicões de áreas por fotografias aéreas, em escala nominal, comparadas com a área obtida em fotos com escalas corrigidas por meio de um SIG /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101896.

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Resumo: O desenvolvimento da agricultura e o uso da terra de maneira não somente a protegê-la contra alterações superficiais provocadas pela ação constante dos fenômenos naturais, mas também a desenvolver aos poucos sua capacidade produtiva, requer um cuidadoso planejamento inicial. Para que o mesmo seja efetivo e eficiente, é necessário que se tenha acesso a informações corretas e detalhadas, as quais podem estar disponíveis em imagens aéreas de sensoriamento remoto. O uso das fotografias aéreas verticais dentre os produtos do Sensoriamento Remoto se tornou cada vez mais frequente nos projetos de levantamentos, planejamentos e explorações do solo, principalmente porque substitui, com vantagens, outras bases cartográficas, além da riqueza de detalhes que oferece, eliminando-se assim as dificuldades de acesso em áreas inacessíveis, bem como facilitando a visão tridimensional, por aumentar o rendimento e a precisão do mapeamento, por meio da combinação dos trabalhos de campo e laboratório, com o estudo de interpretação fotográfica. Este trabalho utilizou-se de fotografias aéreas pancromáticas nas escalas nominais 1:25000 (1962), 1:45000 (1977) e coloridas na escala nominal aproximada de 1:30.000, proveniente do levantamento aerofotogramétrico efetuado no ano de 2005, tendo como objetivo mostrar através da utilização de um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) a possibilidade de realizar uma análise mais completa e segura de valores de área, obtidos diretamente na foto sem correções de escala, e posteriormente compará-los com os valores de área obtidos de fotografias aéreas com escalas corrigidas, tendo como referência a carta do Instituto Geográfico e Cartográfico do Estado de São Paulo, resultando num coeficiente de erro que mostrará as diferenças das áreas através... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract : interpretation is a basic resource and it constitutes in a technique which enables infinite refining. Agricultural development and ground use requires a careful initial planning in order not only to protect them against superficial changing provoked by natural phenomena but also to gradually develop its productive capacity. For the efficiency of ground management, it is necessary to access correct and detailed information which can be available through aerial images of remote sensing. The use of vertical aerial photography through Remote Sensing has become more common in ground collection, management and exploration, mainly because it substitutes, with lots f advantage, for cartographic bases, besides offering detailed characteristics, eliminating access difficulties in inaccessible areas, as well as facilitating a tridimensional view once it increases map efficiency and accuracy by combining field and laboratory work with photography interpretation. This work, using panchromatic aerial photography in nominal scale 1:25000 (1962), 1:45000 (1977) , and approximate nominal scale of 1:30.000, proceeding from aerial photogrameter developed in 2005, aimed at showing through the Geographic Information System (GIS) the possibility of developing a more complete and accurate analysis of the area values, obtained directly from photos without scale correction, and after comparing it with area values obtained from aerial photography with correct scale referred in IGC (Brazilian Cartography and Geography Institute) guidelines, resulting in an error coefficient which shows area differences through two proposed study. Considering the aerial photographies in three different years: 192, 1977 and 2005, it is possible to affirm that the 2005's images presented lower values of area difference... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Zacarias Xavier de Barros
Coorientador: Sergio Campos
Banca: Muricy Domingues
Banca: Otavio Yassuo Itame
Banca: Lincoln Gering Cardoso
Banca: Osmar Delmanto Junior
Doutor

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Thompson, James. "Identifying Subsurface Tile Drainage Systems Utilizing Remote Sensing Techniques." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1290141705.

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Ndlwana, Monica. "A critical analysis of problems encountered by senior secondary school pupils in the reading and interpretation of 1:50,000 topographical maps and aerial photographs with special reference to black pupils in Transkei." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003351.

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Mapwork is an established part of the geography curriculum, and yet it poses particular problems for pupils and teachers. Maps participate in a complex system of graphic communication: the conceptual abstraction involved in the reading and interpretation of maps requires on the part of pupils a high degree of cognitive and perceptual development; teachers, too, often experience considerable difficulty in imparting the skills necessary for graphic literacy (graphicacy). The peculiar difficulties associated with map reading and the poor performance of pupils in this area have regrettably encouraged an attitude which dismisses mapwork as irrelevant or dispensable in geographical education. Yet graphicacy is essential not only in the learning of geography but in the overall cognitive development of the child, and therefore cannot be excluded from the curriculum. This study attempts to identify some of the specific difficulties experienced by pupils in their attempts to read and interpret maps, and to trace the origin of these difficulties. It argues that the complexity and sophistication of the skills necessary to interpret topographical maps and aerial photographs, for instance, should not be underestimated. Teachers need to be made aware of how pupils acquire map reading skills and of the problems they encounter during this process, so that teaching programmes commensurate with pupils' level of cognitive development can be formulated. It is also important that mapwork be taught in as practical a manner as possible. The findings and recommendations of this study have implications for geography teachers, textbook writers and educational authorities, especially those involved in curriculum and syllabus design.

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Börjeson, Lowe. "A History under Siege : Intensive Agriculture in the Mbulu Highlands, Tanzania, 19th Century to the Present." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-215.

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This doctoral thesis examines the history of the Iraqw’ar Da/aw area in the Mbulu Highlands of northern Tanzania. Since the late nineteenth century this area has been known for its intensive cultivation, and referred to as an “island” within a matrix of less intensive land use. The conventional explanation for its characteristics has been high population densities resulting from the prevention of expansion by hostility from surrounding pastoral groups, leading to a siegelike situation. Drawing on an intensive programme of interviews, detailed field mapping and studies of aerial photographs, early travellers’ accounts and landscape photographs, this study challenges that explanation. The study concludes that the process of agricultural intensification has largely been its own driving force, based on self-reinforcing processes of change, and not a consequence of land scarcity.

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Mansano, Letícia Pavesi. "Desenvolvimento de um método que aplica realidade aumentada em imagens aéreas." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/612.

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CAPES
Esta dissertação apresenta o método RAIA – Realidade Aumentada em Imagens Aéreas – que foi desenvolvido para inserir informações disponíveis sobre uma imagem aérea, com o objetivo de facilitar as atividades que envolvem a análise das imagens capturadas por meio de câmeras fixadas em aeronaves. Além disso, atualmente são comercializados produtos que oferecem a funcionalidade de complementar imagens aéreas com informações, porém existem poucos registros acadêmicos sobre este tipo de aplicação e não foram encontrados registros que detalhem metodologias que complementem com Realidade Aumentada imagens adquiridas de câmeras fixadas em aeronaves. Nas imagens processadas pelo método é empregado o conceito de Realidade Aumentada, pois é exibida uma junção de objetos virtuais, que representam informações sobre o local que está sendo capturado, e a própria imagem. Isto é feito por meio do cálculo do georreferenciamento da imagem, ou seja, são determinadas as coordenadas geográficas de cada pixel. O método foi avaliado com uma ferramenta protótipo em que foram executados testes, que foram subdivididos em três casos de estudo. Estes casos foram empregados para avaliar a precisão com que o método sobrepõe informações às imagens capturadas a distâncias próximas do solo, por satélite e em uma situação real de supervisão aérea. Os resultados da avaliação do método RAIA apontaram erro de posicionamento de informações de aproximadamente 5 metros para imagens capturadas com pouca inclinação em uma operação real de supervisão e aproximadamente 40 metros para imagens capturadas com inclinação superior a 40°.
This dissertation presents the method RAIA - Augmented Reality in Aerial Images - which was developed to insert available information on an aerial image. The goal is to facilitate the activities involving the analysis of the images captured by cameras fixed on aircraft. Also, there are currently selling products that offer the functionality to complement aerial images with information, although there are few academic records on this type of application and no records were found that detail methodologies that complement with Augmented Reality images acquired from cameras fixed on aircraft. In the images processed by the method is employed the concept of Augmented Reality, because it is displayed a junction of virtual objects, that represent information about the site being captured, and the image itself. This is done by calculating the image georeferencing, which means that the geographic coordinates are determined for each pixel. The method was evaluated in tests on a prototype tool. These tests were divided into three case studies that were used to measure the accuracy that the method overrides information for images captured at distances close to the ground, captured from satellite cameras and in a real aerial surveillance situation. The positioning error results presented by RAIA, in a real aerial surveillance situation, were about approximately 5 meters for images captured with little inclination. Images captured with inclination greater than 40° showed positioning errors of approximately 40 meters.

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Pelcat, Yann S. "Soil landscape characterization of crop stubble covered fields using Ikonos high resolution panchromatic images." Thesis, Winnipeg : University of Manitoba, 2006. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/MWU/TC-MWU-224.pdf.

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Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Manitoba, 2006.
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, Department of Soil Science. Includes bibliographical references.

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Arruda, José Nildo Frutuoso de. "Potencialidades e limitações dos produtos de sensoriamento remoto para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de geografia no Ensino Fundamental II." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5819.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This work has objective main the analyze the potentiality and limitations of products remote sensing to the teaching-learning process of Geography on fundamental teaching II. By of application questionnaires, we seek: Know the conceptions of students and teachers of Geography about remote sensing and its products; Identifying how students and teachers see the products of remote sensing (aerial photographs and satellite imagery) in process in learning the contents of the discipline of Geography; Diagnosing the role that remote sensing products can play in the teaching of cartography in the discipline of Geography from the looks of students and teachers and finally, seeked to verify how students and teachers perceive the products of remote sensing in the study of socio environmental problems in the neighborhood where the school is located. Regarding methodological procedures, we conducted a lifting of authors who address the issue of new technologies and the teaching-learning of Geography. With regard to the spatial area, this survey was conducted in eight public schools municipal of the Polo 1 of the teaching of the city of João Pessoa-PB. Form Part of this pole the following neighborhoods: Bancários, Jardim Cidade Universitária e Mangabeira. They are located in the southern part of the county aforesaid. For the delimitation of the research subjects, we define the teachers of Geography and also the students seventh-grade the teaching fundamental II. According to the results of qualitative research analyzed in the light of the authors consulted, we noted that the products of remote sensing, supported by other tools can help to expand the possibilities of the process teaching and learning of Geography. From another part, we also realize that forth the appropriation and expansion of new technologies by society, if makes necessary more increasingly think the respect of strategies didactic-pedagogical be to implemented ambit in the teaching of Geography. This aspect requires training of teachers interested in changing their practices, dedication, remunerations and professional development.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar as potencialidades e limitações dos produtos de sensoriamento remoto para processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Geografia no ensino fundamental II. Por meio da aplicação de questionário, procuramos: Conhecer as concepções dos alunos e professores de Geografia a respeito do sensoriamento remoto e seus produtos; Identificar como os alunos e professores veem os produtos do sensoriamento remoto (fotografias aéreas e imagens de satélites) no processo de aprendizagem dos conteúdos da disciplina de Geografia; Diagnosticar o papel que os produtos de sensoriamento remoto podem desempenhar no ensino da cartografia na disciplina de Geografia a partir dos olhares de alunos e professores e, por fim, buscamos verificar como os alunos e professores percebem os produtos de sensoriamento remoto no estudo dos problemas socioambientais do bairro onde se localiza a escola. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico de autores que abordam a questão das novas tecnologias e do ensino-aprendizagem de Geografia. No que se refere ao recorte espacial, a presente pesquisa foi realizada em oito escolas públicas municipais do polo 01 de ensino da cidade de João Pessoa-PB. Fazem parte desse polo os seguintes bairros: Bancários, Jardim Cidade Universitária e Mangabeira. Os mesmos estão localizados na zona Sul do município supracitado. Para a delimitação dos sujeitos da pesquisa, definimos que seriam os professores de Geografia e também os alunos do sétimo ano do ensino fundamental II. De acordo com os resultados da pesquisa qualiquantitativa analisado à luz dos autores consultados, evidenciamos que os produtos do sensoriamento remoto, apoiados por outras ferramentas podem contribuir para ampliar as possibilidades do processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Geografia. De outra parte, percebemos também que diante da apropriação e expansão de novas tecnologias pela sociedade, se faz necessário pensarmos cada vez mais a respeito de estratégias didático-pedagógicas para serem implementadas no âmbito do ensino de Geografia. Tal aspecto requer capacitações dos professores, interesse em mudar suas práticas, dedicação, remunerações e aperfeiçoamento profissional.

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Simpson, Andrew David. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE FOR LOW-COST REMOTE SENSING AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." UKnowledge, 2003. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/191.

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The paper describes major features of an unmanned aerial vehicle, designed undersafety and performance requirements for missions of aerial photography and remotesensing in precision agriculture. Unmanned aerial vehicles have vast potential asobservation and data gathering platforms for a wide variety of applications. The goalof the project was to develop a small, low cost, electrically powered, unmanned aerialvehicle designed in conjunction with a payload of imaging equipment to obtainremote sensing images of agricultural fields. The results indicate that this conceptwas feasible in obtaining high quality aerial images.

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Gurtner, Alex. "Investigation of fisheye lenses for small UAV aerial photography." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/19323/1/Alex_Gurtner_Final_Thesis.pdf.

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Aerial photography obtained by UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) is an emerging market for civil applications. Small UAVs are believed to close gaps in niche markets, such as acquiring airborne image data for remote sensing purposes. Small UAVs will be able to fly at low altitudes, in dangerous environments and over long periods of time. However, the small lightweight constructions of these UAVs lead to new problems, such as higher agility leading to more susceptibility to turbulence and limitations in space and payload for sensor systems. This research investigates the use of low-cost fisheye lenses to overcome such problems which theoretically makes the airborne imaging less sensitive to turbulence. The fisheye lens has the benet of a large observation area (large field of view) and doesn't add additional weight to the aircraft, like traditional mechanical stabilizing systems. This research presents the implementation of a fisheye lens for aerial photography and mapping purposes, including theoretical background of fisheye lenses. Based on the unique feature of the distortion being a function of the viewing angle, methods used to derive the fisheye lens distortion are presented. The lens distortion is used to rectify the fisheye images before these images can be used in aerial photography. A detailed investigation into the inner orientation of the camera and inertial sensor is given, as well as the registration of airborne collected images. It was found that the attitude estimation is critical towards accurate mapping using low quality sensors. A loosely coupled EKF filter applied to the GPS and inertial sensor data estimated the attitude to an accuracy of 3-5° (1-sigma) using low-cost sensors typically found in small UAVs. However, the use of image stitching techniques may improve the outcome. On the other hand, lens distortion caused by the fisheye lens can be addressed by rectification techniques and removed to a sub-pixel level. Results of the process present image sequences gathered from a piloted aircraft demonstrating the achieved performance and potential applications towards UAVs. Further, an unforeseen issue with a vibrating part in the lens lead to the need for vibration compensation. The vibration could be estimated to ±1 pixel in 75% of the cases by applying an extended Hough transform to the fisheye images.

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Gurtner, Alex. "Investigation of fisheye lenses for small UAV aerial photography." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/19323/.

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Aerial photography obtained by UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) is an emerging market for civil applications. Small UAVs are believed to close gaps in niche markets, such as acquiring airborne image data for remote sensing purposes. Small UAVs will be able to fly at low altitudes, in dangerous environments and over long periods of time. However, the small lightweight constructions of these UAVs lead to new problems, such as higher agility leading to more susceptibility to turbulence and limitations in space and payload for sensor systems. This research investigates the use of low-cost fisheye lenses to overcome such problems which theoretically makes the airborne imaging less sensitive to turbulence. The fisheye lens has the benet of a large observation area (large field of view) and doesn't add additional weight to the aircraft, like traditional mechanical stabilizing systems. This research presents the implementation of a fisheye lens for aerial photography and mapping purposes, including theoretical background of fisheye lenses. Based on the unique feature of the distortion being a function of the viewing angle, methods used to derive the fisheye lens distortion are presented. The lens distortion is used to rectify the fisheye images before these images can be used in aerial photography. A detailed investigation into the inner orientation of the camera and inertial sensor is given, as well as the registration of airborne collected images. It was found that the attitude estimation is critical towards accurate mapping using low quality sensors. A loosely coupled EKF filter applied to the GPS and inertial sensor data estimated the attitude to an accuracy of 3-5° (1-sigma) using low-cost sensors typically found in small UAVs. However, the use of image stitching techniques may improve the outcome. On the other hand, lens distortion caused by the fisheye lens can be addressed by rectification techniques and removed to a sub-pixel level. Results of the process present image sequences gathered from a piloted aircraft demonstrating the achieved performance and potential applications towards UAVs. Further, an unforeseen issue with a vibrating part in the lens lead to the need for vibration compensation. The vibration could be estimated to ±1 pixel in 75% of the cases by applying an extended Hough transform to the fisheye images.

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Buckley, Craig. "Photomosaicing and automatic topography generation from stereo aerial photography." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/790.

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Ryan, James. "Photography, geography and Empire, 1840-1914." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262032.

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This thesis considers the relationships between photography and geography in the wider context of British imperialism, c. 1840-1914. It distisses reproductions of sixty photographs. Chapter one situates this research within current theoretical debates concerning the histories of photography, geography and British imperialism. It also discusses the sources used, and provides a detailed outline of the thesis. Chapter two considers the photographic representation of landscape on geographical expeditions, particularly scientific expeditions in central Africa and the travels of commercial photographers in northern India. Chapter three focuses on the role of photography within military campaigns. A detailed discussion of the Abyssinian campaign (1867-8) reveals how photography and geography were associated in imperial campaigning. Chapter four traces the language and imagery of 'photographic-hunting'. A discussion of practices of hunting, exploration and conservation, particularly in Africa, shows how photography was a means of representing the imperial domination of the natural world. Chapter five explores the photographic survey and classification of 'racial types'. It situates the associated uses of photography in anthropology and geography within the context of Victorian scientific ideas on race, both within the empire and in Britain itself. Chapter six discusses the relationship between the representation of racial 'types' abroad and the social 'others' of Victorian London. It presents a case study of the work of the professional photographer John Thomson, placing his work in China and London in the context of his ethnological and geographical interests. Chapter seven explores Halford Mackinder's work with the Colonial Office Visual Instruction Committee, 1902-1911. It shows how photography was used to promote an imperial vision of geography, but raises also questions as to its ultimate impact. Chapter eight provides a conclusion which argues that photography was central to the construction of imaginative geographies of empire in the period 1840-1914 and suggests that, through photography, such geographies continue to be reproduced today

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Gombos, Andrew David. "DETECTION OF ROOF BOUNDARIES USING LIDAR DATA AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/75.

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The recent growth in inexpensive laser scanning sensors has created entire fields of research aimed at processing this data. One application is determining the polygonal boundaries of roofs, as seen from an overhead view. The resulting building outlines have many commercial as well as military applications. My work in this area has created a segmentation algorithm where the descriptive features are computationally and theoretically simpler than previous methods. A support vector machine is used to segment data points using these features, and their use is not common for roof detection to date. Despite the simplicity of the feature calculations, the accuracy of our algorithm is similar to previous work. I also describe a basic polygonal extraction method, which is acceptable for basic roofs.

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Gifford, Eric Allan 1965. "Hough transform extraction of cartographic fiducial marks from aerial photography." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277903.

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Cartographic compilation requires precision mensuration. The calibration of mensuration processes is based on specific fiducials. External fiducials, around the exterior frame of the image, must be precisely measured to establish the overall physical geometry. Internal fiducials are provided within the image by placement of cloth panels on the ground at locations whose position is precisely known. Both types of fiducials must be known within the pixel space of a digitized image in order for the feature extraction process to be accurate with respect to delineated features. Precise mensuration of these fiducials requires that a cartographer view the image on a display and use pointing devices, such as a mouse, to pick the exact point. For accurate fiducial location, the required manual operations can be an added time-consuming task in the feature extraction process. Interactive tools which eliminate the precise pointing action for the operator are described in this thesis. The operator is required only to "box-in" the fiducial, using a simple drawing tool, select the fiducial function, and the software of the tool returns the precise location of the fiducial.

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Fu, Youtong. "Use Of Small Format Aerial Photography in NPS Pollution Control Applications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26346.

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An automated procedure was developed to identify and extract confined poultry facilities from color 35-mm slide imagery collected by the United States Department of Agriculture/Farm Service Agency (USDA/FSA). The imagery is used by the USDA/FSA to monitor compliance with various farm support programs and to determine crop production acreage within a given county. The imagery is generally available for all counties within the state on an annual basis. The imagery, however, is not flown to rigid specifications as flight height, direction, and overlap can vary significantly. The USDA/FSA attempts to collect imagery with reasonably clear skies, as visual interpretations could be drastically impacted by cloudiness. The goal of this study was to develop procedures to effectively utilize this imagery base to identify and extract poultry facilities using automated techniques based on image processing and GIS. The procedure involved pre-screening the slides to determine coverage, geopositioning to USGS quadrangle base, color scanning to convert slide image to a digital format and archiving each data file with a naming convention that would allow rapid retrieval in later analysis. Image processing techniques were developed for identifying poultry facilities based on spectral characteristics. GIS tools were used to select poultry facilities from an array of features with similar spectral characteristics. A training data set was selected from which the spectral characteristics of poultry facilities were analyzed and compared with background conditions. Poultry facilities were found to have distinguishable characteristics. Descriptive statistics were used to define the range of spectral characteristics encompassing poultry facilities. Thresholding analyses were then utilized to eliminate all image features with spectral characteristics outside of this range. Additional analyses were made to remove noise in the spectral image due to the sun angle, line of sight of camera, variation in roof reflectance due to rust and/or aging, shading by trees, etc. A primary objective in these analyses was to enhance the spectral characteristics for the poultry facility while, at the same time, retaining physical characteristics, i.e. the spectral characteristic is represented by a single blue color with a high brightness value. The techniques developed to achieve a single blue color involved the use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the red color band followed by RGB to Hue and RGB to Saturation analyses on the red and green color bands, respectively, from the resulting image. The features remaining from this series of analyses were converted into polygons (shape file) using ArcView GIS, which was then used to calculate the area and perimeter of each polygon. The parameters utilized to describe the shape of a poultry house included width, length, compactness, length-width ratio, and polygon centroid analysis. Poultry facilities were found to have an average width of approximately 12.6m with a low standard deviation indicating that the widths of all houses were very similar. The length of poultry facilities ranged from 63m to 261m with and average length of 149m. The compactness parameter, which also is related to length and width, ranged from 30 to 130 with a mean value of approximately 57. The shape parameters were used by ArcView GIS to identify polygons that represent poultry facilities. The order of selection was found to be compactness followed by length-width ratio and polygon centroid analysis. A data set that included thirty 35-mm slide images randomly selected from the Rockingham County data set, which contained over 2000 slides, was used to evaluate the automated procedure. The slides contained 182 poultry houses previously identified through manual procedures. Seven facilities were missed and 175 were correctly identified. Ninety-seven percent (97%) of existing poultry facilities were correctly identified which compares favorably with the 97 % accuracy resulted by manual procedures. . The manual procedure described by Mostaghimi, et. al.(1999) only gave the center coordinates for each poultry facility. The automated procedure not only gives the center coordinate for each poultry building but also gives estimates for geometric parameters area, length and width along with an estimate of the capacity of building (i.e. number of birds), and waste load generated by birds including nutrient and bacteria content. The nutrient and bacteria load generated by each poultry facility is important information for conducting TMDL studies currently being developed for impaired Virginia streams. The information is expected to be very helpful to consultants and state agencies conducting the studies. Agricultural support agencies such as USDA/NRCS and USDA/FSA, Extension Service, consultants, etc. will find the information very helpful in the development of implementation plans designed to meet TMDL target water quality goals. The data also should be useful to Water Authorities for selection of appropriate treatment of water supplies and to county and local government jurisdictions for developing policies to minimize the degradation of water supplies.
Ph. D.

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Taylor, Jeremy. "Iron Age and Roman landscapes in the East Midlands : a case study in integrated survey." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1566/.

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Millinor, William A. "Digital Vegetation Delineation on Scanned Orthorectified Aerial Photography of Petersburg National Battlefield." NCSU, 2000. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20001123-131211.

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I developed a new methodology to produce an orthorectified mosaic and a vegetation database of Petersburg National Battlefield using mostly digital methods. Both the mosaic and the database meet National Map Accuracy Standards and proved considerably faster than traditional aerial photograph interpretation methods. I classified vegetation polygons to the formation level using the Nature Conservancy?s National Vegetation Classification System. Urban areas were classified using Mitchell?s Classification Scheme for Urban Forest Mapping with Small-Scale Aerial Photographs. This method reduced the production time by 2/3, compared to traditional methods. It also reduced the chance of user error because re-tracing of the linework is not required.

My method started with scanning 75 aerial color IR photos, provided by Petersburg National Battlefield, at 600 dpi. Erdas Imagine was used to rectify the images using United States Geological Service (USGS) Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and black and white USGS Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quadrangles (DOQQ) as reference. The images were then mosaiced to create a seamless color infrared orthorectified basemap of the park. The vegetation polygons were drawn onscreen using ArcMap from Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) with the color, orthorectified mosaic as a background image. Stereo pairs of the aerial photos were referenced as needed for clarification of the vegetation. I used a minimum mapping unit (mmu) of 0.2 hectares, which exceeds guidelines defined by the United States Geological Survey ? National Park Service Vegetation Mapping Program. This methodology is easily learned quickly and has already been applied to several other studies.

The production of an orthorectified mosaic, created during the process, from the aerial photographs greatly increases the value of the photographs at little additional cost to the user. The orthorectified basemap can then be used as a backdrop for existing data layers or it can be used to create new GIS data layers. I used a minimum mapping unit (mmu) of 0.2 hectare, which exceeds guidelines defined by the United States Geological Survey-National Park Service Vegetation Mapping Program

Traditionally, vegetation polygons are delineated on acetate for each photograph. The linework on the acetates is then transferred to a basemap using a zoom transfer scope or other transfer instrument. The linework is traced again to digitize it for use in a GIS program. This process is time consuming, and the linework is drawn three times. The redundant tracing increases the chance of user error. My new methodology requires that polygons be delineated only once. I wanted to avoid using the zoom transfer scope and to avoid the redundant linework.

A total of 228 polygons were delineated over 20 separate vegetation and land cover classes with an overall thematic accuracy of 87.42% and a Kappa of .8545. Positional accuracy was very good with a RMSE of 1.62 meters in the x direction and 2.81 meters in the y direction. The Kappa and RMSE values compare favorably with accuracies obtained using traditional vegetation mapping methods.

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Deriu, Davide. "The photogenic city : aerial photography and urban visions in Europe, 1914-1945." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446792/.

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The thesis investigates the relationship between photography and urban visions in Europe in the period 1914-1945. It focuses in particular on the impact of the aerial gaze upon the ways in which the modern city was perceived and represented. The theoretical background for this inquiry is provided by contemporary debates on photography and visual culture, which are brought to bear on the study of urban representations. The main body of the argument is divided into three parts: 'Aerial Inspections', 'Aerial Imaginations', and 'Aerial Illustrations'. The first part discusses the urban imagery produced within the field of air reconnaissance photography, with particular regard to World War II. The second part charts the rise of an aerial imagination in avant-garde photography, which reconfigured the city as the site and subject of a modern way of seeing. The third part looks at how 'applied' aerial photography was instrumental to illustrate urban visions across various discursive fields, namely tourism, journalism, and urbanism; this section concludes with a case study on the aerial imagery of interwar London, based on the production of a leading air survey company. Besides pinpointing the modes of representation specific to each of these practices, the thesis also describes the traffic of images and the flow of meanings that occurred across their boundaries. It is finally argued that a new urban visuality was the result of the procedures introduced by aerial photography: the photogenic city emerged as a contested field of representation marked out by an underlying tension between spectacle and surveillance.

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Grotefendt, Richard. "Accurate and cost-effective natural resource data from super large scale aerial photography /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5454.

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Valinger, John. "Automatic rooftop segment extraction using point clouds generated from aerial high resolution photography." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-119123.

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Automatically extracting rooftop information from aerial photographs using point cloud generations tools and point cloud plane segmentation algorithms is a interesting and challenging topic. Previous studies on rooftop extraction have used airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) derived point clouds or point clouds generated from photographs taken specifically for point cloud generation. We have used photographs taken from the Swedish National Land Survey database to generate point clouds using stereo-matching for rooftop segmentation. Aerial imagery from this data is both cheap and has nationwide coverage. Point cloud generation tools are evaluated based on coverage, point cloud size, geographical precision and point density. We propose a novel combination of property map clipping and rooftop plane segmentation algorithms derived from aerial photography via point cloud generation after comparing promising segmentation algorithms. We conclude that the point clouds generated from the aerial imagery are not sufficient for the implemented method for completely extracting all rooftop segments on a building in an urban environment.

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Niu, Xutong. "Highway extraction from high resolution aerial photography using a geometric active contour model." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1101833084.

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Meadows, P. L. "The applications of aerial photography, photogrammetry and photo-interpretation in the planning process." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33400.

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To date aerial photography and associated photogrammetric and photo-interpretation techniques have played but a limited role in the planning process. In this study their dual role (i) as a base medium and (ii) as a source of data is investigated bearing in mind the requirements of planning data and certain inherent defects of conventional maps in the planning process. Having considered certain pertinent technical aspects of aerial photography and associated techniques, especially modern developments such as orthophotos, use of multi-emulsion photography, automated data extraction and automated data processing techniques, the application of these techniques is discussed in greater detail in respect of the dual role mentioned earlier. Aerial photographs are shown to be of considerable value to the planner as an analytic tool and a powerful source of data when dealing with such topics as feasibility studies, land use, resource surveys, urban and regional research and analysis, urban history, urban and rural administration, site evaluation, transportation and other. branches of engineering, urban sociology and economics, as well as urban aesthetics. Aerial photographic data adequately meets the data requirements of the planning process and furthermore lends itself to modern automatic data processing methods. The modern improved forms of photography, i.e. photomaps, orthophotos, etc. have definite advantages over conventional maps insofar as a base medium in planning is concerned, and the wider use of aerial photographs and products is anticipated when planners become more aware of their universal application and versatility.

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Korpela, Ilkka. "Individual tree measurements by means of digital aerial photogrammetry." Helsinki : Finnish Forest Research Institute, Finnish Society of Forest Science, 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/55872310.html.

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Knapp, Paul Aaron. "THE USE OF LARGE-SCALE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR DETECTING CHANGES OF AN ARID RANGELAND IN SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292059.

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Interpretation of large-scale color infrared and color aerial photography can be a labor and cost-effective means for inventorying and monitoring rangelands while maintaining accuracy. Ground measurements of vegetation cover at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument were taken in 1975 and 1984. Large-scale (1:1200) color and color infrared aerial photo estimates were compared to these ground measurements through regression and correlation to check photo accuracy. Relationships between photo estimates and ground measurements of total vegetation and shrub cover were strong when using either film type. Color infrared photo estimates corresponded better with ground measurements for both tree cover and cactus cover than color photo estimates. Large-scale aerial photography is also useful for determining some of the causes of vegetation change. Evidence gathered from both sets of photos suggested that vegetation change at OPCNM was largely the result of domestic livestock removal and short-term climatic fluctuations.

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Park, Keith Marron. "The global-to-local search method: A systematic search procedure that uses the context of the textured layout to locate and detect low-contrast targets in aerial images." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/700.

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Edwards, Esther. "An investigation into the use of aerial digital photography for monitoring coastal sand dunes." Thesis, Bath Spa University, 2001. http://researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk/1442/.

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The coastal zone is a highly dynamic entity both spatially and temporally and when shoreline changes (and in particular retreat) occur on a hmnan time-scale, measurement of the rate of change becomes a pressing issue. This dynamism presents an excellent scenario for monitoring change using remote sensing techniques, and in the case of coastal sand dunes, where the requirement is to measure small scale changes such as erosion or accretion in the region of 10 or 20 m, aerial photography is the preferred source of remotely sensed data. The rapid developments in digital camera technology and real time satellite differential Global Positioning Systems have yielded new opportunities for mapping and monitoring environmental change when used with image processing and mapping software and state-of-the-art digital photogrammetric workstations. Despite the progress in digital technologies, however, there is still considerable lack of awareness on the part of potential users, and it is in response to this that the processing chain for data collection through to orthophoto production described here has been developed. This study explores the major issues that affect quality, mission logistics and cost and will demonstrate the methodology and application of digital techniques for producing georectified imagery and contoured orthophoto maps of coastal environments. This will be achieved through a series of case studies of dynamic dune environments in south-west England and France. Digital imagery was captured using a colour infrared Aerial Digital Photographic System and ground control was collected using differential Global Positioning Systems. This study seeks to assess the application of this imagery to coastal dune monitoring, putting these new techniques within the grasp of coastal dune managers, enabling them to make use of digital imagery captured to different specifications depending on the accuracy requirement of the end product. The results indicate that this type of imagery and the techniques used can provide the dune manager with information which would otherwise be too costly or time consuming to acquire. 2D rectification of the imagery provided maps of dune retreat and accretion with errors in the region of± 1.5m, and rectification to a higher order using 3D photogrammetric correction provided 1 :5000 contoured orthophotographs with mean xy errors in the region of 2. 5 m and mean elevation errors in the region of 1.5m.

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Bleier, Mary F. "Use of prior distributions from aerial photographs in forest inventory." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41543.

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Bayesian estimates of gross cubic- foot volume per acre were computed for four stand types (plantation pine, natural pine. hardwood. and mixed wood stands) using aerial photo volume tables as the prior information source. Aerial photographs provided a reliable source of information even though most photographs were nearly five years old. For a given level of precision within a particular stand, Bayesian methods reduced the required field sample size up to 50% using all or half of the prior information available. Those priors which utilized a regression or a regression/topographic correction in the estimation of photo heights required less field information for the given precision level than those priors which used uncorrected or topographic corrected photo heights. In order to obtain meaningful gains in sample size reduction corrections to the estimated photo heights should be made. Although the uncorrected prior produced generally less biased estimates. the reduction in sample size was not as large as that observed using other prior types. Greater gains were attributed to the better accuracy of the prior distribution. Although Bayesian methods are biased, it appeared that these methods tempered severely biased prior distributions. In the hardwood stand for example, the average bias present in the photo volume data amounted to -140%. After combining the prior with the field sample, the greatest average bias was -50%. Bayesian methods performed better than the traditional estimation methods in terms of precision. In a one to one comparison. the Bayes standard error was consistently less than its non-Bayes counterpart. The one exception to this trend was the regression prior from the hardwood stand. The poor performance of the prior was due to the weak height regression correction equation. Modal priors utilized were not subject to the extreme input values for prior distribution development as their conservative empirical prior counterparts were. Less overall variation was observed 1n the estimated values. Under the conditions for mode selection set forth in this project, modal priors provided another good source of prior information.
Master of Science

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Cardullo, Paolo. "Walking on the rim : towards a geography of resentment." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2012. http://research.gold.ac.uk/7996/.

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My research seeks to understand the complexity of East Greenwich residents' affective reactions at the moment when this landscape was undergoing a dramatic and rapid change. I walked its riverside to the Dome while this was turned from a mostly dismissed and derelict industrial land to a residential area ready to host parts of the Olympic Games. My starting point is that a process of gentrification with symbolic and material displacement of working-class people and their social practices has been occurring. Throughout my fieldwork, I constantly seek to understand the emotional reactions to this pervasive urban change from local residents, workers, and occasional passers-by who I met during the last five years. I have done this with the aid of my always obsolete digital camera and my walking boots, and applying photo elicitation technique whenever it was possible. The unique combination of photographs, walks, and interviews helped me to unpack, from the lower ground perspective of local working-class residents, their affective reactions to this peculiar change. Such an emplaced and class-based struggle opens to what I call the 'geography of resentment'. My hypothesis is that this resentment is a form of reaction against the symbolic violence that gentrification brings. The vehicle through which resentment is expressed is a form of remembering very close to nostalgia, which I decouple from both 'imperial melancholia' and 'hierarchical belonging'. Rather, I contend that this is a form of affective class struggle fought at the level of the symbolic. A debate remains open about the extent to which such controversial form of affection maintains distance from political instrumentalisation and mainstream discourses of communitarian cohesion, while at the same time reflecting the paradoxes of urban change.

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Hogue, Jonathon D. "Mapping a Forest: Utilizing an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle to Track Phenology." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou152353290087685.

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Madsen, Matthew D. "Influence of Soil Water Repellency on Post-fire Revegetation Success and Management Techniques to Improve Establishment of Desired Species." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1994.

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The influence of soil water repellency (WR) on vegetation recovery after a fire is poorly understood. This dissertation presents strategies to broaden opportunities for enhanced post-fire rangeland restoration and monitoring of burned piñon and juniper (P-J) woodlands by: 1) mapping the extent and severity of critical and subcritical WR, 2) determining the influence of WR on soil ecohydrologic properties and revegetation success, and 3) evaluating the suitability of a wetting agent composed of alkylpolyglycoside-ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers as a post-fire restoration tool for ameliorating the effects of soil WR and increasing seedling establishment. Results indicate that: • Post-fire patterns of soil WR were highly correlated to pre-fire P-J woodland canopy structure. Critical soil WR levels occurred under burned tree canopies while sub-critical WR extended out to approximately two times the canopy radius. At sites where critical soil WR was present, infiltration rate, soil moisture, and vegetation cover were significantly less than at non-hydrophobic sites. These parameters were also reduced in soils with subcritical WR relative to non-hydrophobic soils (albeit to a lesser extent). Aerial photography coupled with feature extraction software and geographic information systems (GIS) proved to be an effective tool for mapping P-J cover and density, and for scaling-up field surveys of soil WR to the fire boundary scale. • Soil WR impairs seed germination and seedling establishment by decreasing soil moisture availability by reducing infiltration, decreasing soil moisture storage capacity, and disconnecting soil surface layers from underlying moisture reserves. Consequently, soil WR appears to be acting as a temporal ecological threshold by impairing establishment of desired species within the first few years after a fire. • Wetting agents can significantly improve ecohydrologic properties required for plant growth by overcoming soil WR; thus, increasing the amount and duration of available water for seed germination and seedling establishment. Success of this technology appears to be the result of the wetting agent increasing soil moisture amount and availability by 1) improving soil infiltration and water holding capacity; and 2) allowing seedling roots to connect to underling soil moisture reserves.

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Baxter, Kieran Andrew. "Topography and flight : the creative application of aerial photography and digital visualisation for landscape heritage." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2017. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/e22373db-adee-4bb1-9fbe-43691816ce85.

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Aerial photography and digital visualisation technologies are commonly used to reveal and interpret archaeological sites and landscapes. These methods afford a clarity and overview that has considerable advantages in heritage visualisation. Despite this, both technologies offer a view that is distanced from the grounded experiences that are integral to heritage sites and landscapes. This tension, between visualisation technologies and lived experience, is significant because the experiences of visiting these places are a valuable common platform - shared by specialists and general audiences alike - for communicating archaeological narratives. Beyond this, such tensions have been central to debates within landscape archaeology about how embodied perspectives on the one hand, and the conventions of visual representation on the other, might affect archaeological interpretations. This thesis investigates the hypothesis that creative practice can serve to bridge the gap between visualisation technologies and lived experience, ultimately providing more powerful and meaningful visualisations of landscape heritage. This is possible because aerial and digital visualisations can and do go beyond topographical representation and respond to the aesthetic and emotive dimensions of landscape. Aerial photographs and digital models resist the visual modes of modernity despite their technological premise. The meanings that they transmit draw not only from the visual language of aerial photography and digital media but also from the viewer's prior experience of landscape and flight. It is within this context that this study attempts to better understand the relationship between visualisation technologies, creative practice, and the lived experience of landscape. To do this the author adopts the role of research-practitioner in order to explore and demonstrate the arguments through the creative application of aerial photography and digital visualisation technologies. This practice combines methods from archaeological survey, and approaches from visual effects filmmaking, with an aesthetic inspired by artist-photographers like Marilyn Bridges, Emmet Gowin and Patricia Macdonald. These creative practitioners have adopted the aerial view to portray landscapes with intimacy, agency and dynamism. The practice aims to work from an immersed or insider's view, drawing influence from Tim Ingold's notion of the "dwelling perspective". A main case study is undertaken at the Iron Age hillfort site of the Caterthuns in Angus, Scotland, with supporting case studies at the prehistoric site of Links of Notlland in Orkney and additional hillfort sites in Strathearn. Through this hands-on experience the aim is to better understand how novel approaches to practice can improve landscape heritage visualisation in an interdisciplinary context.

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Kunz, Matthias. "Elevation changes of mountain glaciers in the Antarctic Peninsula using ASTER-controlled archival aerial photography." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2392.

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Over the last 50 years a significant increase in the atmospheric and upper ocean temperatures in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) region has been observed. As a result major ice-shelves have retreated during the 20th century. In connection, glaciers have accelerated and an increased dynamic ice mass loss is observed, especially over the last decade. Despite these major changes, an exact quantification of ice mass changes of the AP, with its roughly 1000 glaciers, is not available. Almost no long-term (multi-decadal) glacier mass balance records for the AP exist and in-situ measurements are rare. On the other hand, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and British Antarctic Survey (BAS) archives hold a large number of historic aerial stereo-photographs of the AP, dating back to the early 1940s. These images contain a valuable source of information and have been used to demonstrate widespread retreat of glaciers in this region. Less effort has been made so far to use this stereo-photography for the extraction of elevation data to compare it with recent elevation information to determine glacier volume change from which mass changes may be estimated. This dissertation seeks to close this research gap and to extend the number of mass balance records for the AP, by investigating, measuring, and analysing historical glacier elevation change in the AP using digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from USGS and BAS airborne (1948-2005) and ASTER spaceborne (2001-2010) stereo imagery. To ensure reliable and accurate measurements of surface elevation change, extracted DEMs need to be registered in a precise manner. The lack of ground control information in the AP is a major obstacle for this and can result in inaccurate absolute orientations of DEMs. If uncorrected, possible offsets between DEMs introduce significant error and i can lead to an over- or underestimation of glacier change. Thus, in order to precisely co-register corresponding historic and modern DEMs an iterative robust least squares surface matching algorithm was applied. The underlying surface matching approach was previously developed for small-scale coastal erosion studies at Newcastle University. Within the context of this work it has been successfully modified and improved to enable large scale glacier change assessment in areas of steep topography which is typical for the AP. For a total of 12 glaciers in the AP, located along the western coast between 64° and 71° S, DEMs from the historic archive stereo-imagery were successfully extracted and combined with DEMs derived from modern aerial and ASTER satellite imagery. The improved surface matching approach allowed precise co-registration of these DEMs and enabled the accurate measurement of glacier surface mass balance at the lower portion of the glaciers. Widespread frontal glacier surface lowering, of up to 50 m, has been observed on 12 glaciers with a mean lowering rate of 0.28 ± 0.03 m/yr over a period of 37 years (1970-2007). Higher rates, of up to 0.6 m/yr, were observed in the north-western Peninsula. Two glaciers which have multi-epoch coverage show a significantly larger-than-average lowering since about 1990. These results are in close correspondence with an increase in positive degree days over the last four decades and suggest that much of this lowering can be attributed to atmospheric forcing. However, the observed spatial and temporal variations in the lowering rates suggests that the pattern of surface change is not a simple one and that a regional upscaling is not straight forward. The glaciers represent only 1.2 % of all estimated glaciers in the AP and only the glacier fronts (~20 % of each glacier) were studied. Observations also show an elevation increase at some higher altitude locations within a few km of the glacier fronts, raising the potential that the lowering may have been at least partially compensated for by increased high-altitude accumulation.

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Metzler, Jacob W. "Use of Multi-temporal IKONOS and LANDSAT ETM+ Satellite Imagery to Determine Forest Stand Conditions in Northern Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MetzlerJW2004.pdf.

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Bedell, Emily Jane. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based Structure from Motion Biomass Inventory Estimates." Thesis, Portland State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10244001.

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Riparian vegetation restoration efforts demand cost effective, accurate, and replicable impact assessments. In this thesis a method is presented using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with a GoPro digital camera to collect photogrammetric data of a 2.02-acre riparian restoration. A three-dimensional point cloud was created from the photos using Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques. The point cloud was analyzed and compared to traditional, ground-based monitoring techniques. Ground truth data collected using the status-quo approach was collected on 6.3% of the study site and averaged across the entire site to report stem heights in stems/acre in three height classes, 0-3 feet, 3-7 feet, and greater than 7 feet. The project site was divided into four analysis sections, one for derivation of parameters used in the UAV data analysis, and the remaining three sections reserved for method validation. The most conservative of several methods tested comparing the ground truth data to the UAV generated data produced an overall error of 21.6% and indicated an r² value of 0.98. A Bland Altman analysis indicated a 99% probability that the UAV stems/plot result will be within 159 stems/plot of the ground truth data. The ground truth data is reported with an 80% confidence interval of +/- 844 stems/plot, thus the UAV was able to estimate stems well within this confidence interval. Further research is required to validate this method longitudinally at this same site and across varying ecologies. These results suggest that UAV derived environmental impact assessments at riparian restoration sites may offer competitive performance and value.

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Wilhite, Jerry W. "Use of infrared aerial photographs to identify and assess habitat needed by native fish in rivers." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1445041571&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Wolters, Dustin Joseph. "Assessment of Corn Plant Population at Emergence from Processed Color Aerial Imagery." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437666741.

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Rosenberg, Abigail Stella. "An Evaluation of a UAV Guidance System with Consumer Grade GPS Receivers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194506.

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Remote sensing has been demonstrated an important tool in agricultural and natural resource management and research applications, however there are limitations that exist with traditional platforms (i.e., hand held sensors, linear moves, vehicle mounted, airplanes, remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and satellites). Rapid technological advances in electronics, computers, software applications, and the aerospace industry have dramatically reduced the cost and increased the availability of remote sensing technologies.Remote sensing imagery vary in spectral, spatial, and temporal resolutions and are available from numerous providers. Appendix A presented results of a test project that acquired high-resolution aerial photography with a RPV to map the boundary of a 0.42 km2 fire area. The project mapped the boundaries of the fire area from a mosaic of the aerial images collected and compared this with ground-based measurements. The project achieved a 92.4% correlation between the aerial assessment and the ground truth data.Appendix B used multi-objective analysis to quantitatively assess the tradeoffs between different sensor platform attributes to identify the best overall technology. Experts were surveyed to identify the best overall technology at three different pixel sizes.Appendix C evaluated the positional accuracy of a relatively low cost UAV designed for high resolution remote sensing of small areas in order to determine the positional accuracy of sensor readings. The study evaluated the accuracy and uncertainty of a UAV flight route with respect to the programmed waypoints and of the UAV's GPS position, respectively. In addition, the potential displacement of sensor data was evaluated based on (1) GPS measurements on board the aircraft and (2) the autopilot's circuit board with 3-axis gyros and accelerometers (i.e., roll, pitch, and yaw). The accuracies were estimated based on a 95% confidence interval or similar methods. The accuracy achieved in the second and third manuscripts demonstrates that reasonably priced, high resolution remote sensing via RPVs and UAVs is practical for agriculture and natural resource professionals.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aerial photography in geography'

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