Journal articles: 'Aerial photography in geology'

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SHIRAO, Motomaro. "Aerial Photography for Geomorphology and Geology." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 106, no. 1 (1997): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.106.105.

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Matthews, M. C., and C. R. I. Clayton. "The Use of Oblique Aerial Photography to Investigate the Extent and Sequence of Landslipping at Stag Hill, Guildford, Surrey." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 2, no. 1 (1986): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.1986.002.01.54.

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AbstractThe University of Surrey is situated on the northern slopes of Stag Hill, below Guildford Cathedral, which occupies the summit. During the investigation for the design of the University, it became apparent that the site was underlain by a large landslip, 500 m wide from east to west and extending 160 m from rear scarp to toe. Considerable effort was made to establish its geometry and extent (Skempton & Petley (1967), and Morgenstern & Tchalenko (1967)).In recent years it was realised that because the construction of the Cathedral extended over a long period of time, the likelihood of Stag Hill being covered by oblique aerial photography would be high. Some forty oblique aerial photographs, spanning the period 1949 to 1982, were collected and analysed together with vertical aerial photographs and topographic maps.Although the landslip is visible on vertical aerial photographs, individual elements are not easily identified. Using oblique photography, in particular that in which recognition of subdued topography has been enhanced by low sun angles, up to six phases of landslipping were identified.This paper uses this example to demonstrate the usefulness of aerial photography in site investigation and in particular the value of oblique photography, a topic which receives little attention in BS 5930:1981 considering how cost effective this tool can be.

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Bubniak, Ihor, Andriy Bubniak, Yevhenii Shylo, Mariia Oliinyk, and Mykola Bihun. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 97,2023, no. 97 (2023): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2023.97.005.

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The aim of this work is to study the Turka quarry using terrestrial laser scanning, as well as to build a 3D model of the object. Method. The study of the outcrop was carried out with terrestrial laser scanning. The article describes the principles of operation of laser sensors and provides a classification of error sources. It also emphasizes the importance of achieving the maximum accuracy specified by scanner manufacturers. The location of the researched object. The studied quarry is located on the northern outskirts of the city of Turka, Lviv region. From the geological point of view, the object is situated in the Outer Ukrainian Carpathians that belong to the Carpathian mountain system. The inactive quarry is structurally confined to the north-western part of the Krosno nappe of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The characteristic Turka (Krosno) type of cross-section of the Oligocene-Miocene age is exposed in the walls of the quarry. This is a layering of massive packs of gray fine-grained sandstones with argillites and siltstones which are broken with joints. The joints are filled with longitudinal, transverse and differently oriented veins. They are often wedged out. Their thickness ranges from a few mm to 55 mm or more. Slickensides and leaching are observed along the cracks. The research results make it possible to analyze the geological structure without being directly near the object. The paper provides a workflow diagram of the terrestrial scanning workflow. This includes object reconnaissance, establishing and determining the coordinates of reference and control points. It also involves performing terrestrial 3D scanning, photographing an object, creating a cloud of points based on laser scanning data, developing a mash model based on point clouds and digital images. The accuracy of the mash model was defined by comparison of the coordinates of the control points obtained from the mash model and tacheometric survey. The absolute spatial difference does not exceed five centimeters. The scientific novelty and practical significance are in the creation of a virtual model of the Turka quarry. For the first time, terrestrial laser scanning technology was used for the research of this object. As a result, a 3D model was obtained, which can be used for further research in the field of geology, in particular structural geology, sedimentology, mineral reserve calculations and geotourism.

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KODAMA, KAZUTO, HIROFUMI FUKUI, and KATSUTAKA MURO-OKA. "KITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND ITS APPLICATION TO GEOLOGY." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 94, no. 5 (1988): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.94.381.

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Behrman, Caroline, Roy Van Arsdale, Youngsang Kwon, Kerry Stockslager, Dave Leverett, and David Lumsden. "Drone Geologic Mapping of an Active Sand and Gravel Quarry, Desoto County, Mississippi." Drones 3, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones3030057.

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Aerial drone photography of an active pit within a sand and gravel quarry in DeSoto County, Mississippi, was conducted to better understand the Upland Complex, which is a high-level Pliocene terrace of the Mississippi River. The Upland Complex is of great interest economically, as it is the primary source of sand and gravel for Memphis, Tennessee and the surrounding region. The pit dimensions were approximately 820 ft (250 m) by 655 ft (200 m) and 79-ft (24 m) deep upon completion of the mining. Eight 3-D models of the pit were made at different times to illustrate the mining progression. Oblique and horizontal stereo aerial photography of the highwalls was conducted to produce 3-D models and high-resolution photomosaics of the highwalls for geologic mapping and interpretation. The mapped highwall geology included Pliocene Mississippi River bars consisting of sand, sand and gravel, and gravel ranging in thickness from 2 ft (0.6 m) to 32.8 ft (10 m), with variable cross-bed dip directions suggesting a meandering river environment of deposition. Pleistocene loess overlies the Pliocene sediment. The highwalls also revealed northerly-striking late Pliocene or Pleistocene tectonic folding, faulting, and probable earthquake liquefaction in northwestern Mississippi, where no Pliocene or Quaternary tectonic deformation had previously been reported. This study demonstrated Drone aerial photography as a quick, low cost, and safe means to study poorly accessible open-pit mining and to help understand the geology of the lower Mississippi River Valley.

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Giles, J. R. A. "Identification of former shallow coal mining from aerial photographs: an example from West Yorkshire." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 4, no. 1 (1987): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.15.

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AbstractSystematic, large-scale, aerial photography is now available for many areas of the exposed coalfields. In West Yorkshire 1:10000 or 1:10 560 scale cover is generally available, supplemented by 1:5000 and 1:3000 cover in more limited areas. Examination of aerial photographs, in conjunction with detailed geological mapping, has identified characteristic ground patterns associated with the existence of former shallow workings. These patterns are interpreted in terms of changes of style of mining with increasing depth.The presence of shallow mine workings is a major constraint on planning in areas of exposed coalfield. The examination of large scale aerial photographs offers a rapid reconnaissance method of identifying such workings.

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Kalaugher, P. G., P. Grainger, and R. L. P. Hodgson. "Cliff stability evaluation using geomorphological maps based on oblique aerial photographs." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 4, no. 1 (1987): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.18.

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AbstractGeomorphological mapping is a well established tool in terrain evaluation. A case record is presented in which high-oblique aerial photography from a light aircraft has been used for basic mapping of a 3 km length of coastline with the purpose of assessing relative landslide hazard.The cliffs at Budleigh Salterton, East Devon, are formed in a succession of Permo-Triassic mudstone, conglomerate and sandstone which dip gently eastwards along the coast. The coastline is divided into five units based on changes in the stratigraphic succession exposed in the cliff face; each unit correlating with distinctive geomorphological features and cliff profiles. Groundwater discharges, wave attack and weathering ensure that there is continuing geomorphological activity. This necessitates frequent updating of local hazard assessment.Overlapping aerial photographs of the cliff face have been taken at intervals during the past six years. With limited ground inspection these photographs provide adequate data for basic geomorphological mapping of the principal forms represented in the cliff. Successive series of photographs are used to follow the development of individual features and to identify the hazards present in each section of the cliff. Data from early Ordnance Survey maps, old photographs and personal reminiscences extend parts of the history of the coast back into the last century. The positions of landslides are controlled largely by geological and hydrological factors whereas the timing of events is often a function of external environmental triggering mechanisms such as weather, tide or waves.A classification of the relative hazard of cliff-top instability has been used to map hazard zones for the coastline. Together with the system of photographic data acquisition advocated, this provides a rapid and economic method to assist planning authorities in determining development strategy.

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Walstra, J., J. H. Chandler, N. Dixon, and T. A. Dijkstra. "Aerial photography and digital photogrammetry for landslide monitoring." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 283, no. 1 (2007): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp283.5.

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Amos, E. M., D. Blakeway, and C. D. Warren. "Remote Sensing Techniques in Civil Engineering Surveys." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 2, no. 1 (1986): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.1986.002.01.26.

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AbstractThis paper outlines selected remote sensing techniques and their application to civil engineering surveys.In BS 5930, emphasis has been placed on the interpretation of black and white aerial photography to provide information. However, other techniques such as true colour and false colour infrared photography, thermal infrared, radar and landsat satellite imagery may be useful in appropriate applications.

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Weltman, Austin. "Assessing ground conditions of small sites by aerial infrared photography." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 20, no. 2 (May 1987): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.qjeg.1987.020.02.01.

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Take, W. A., M. J. Chappel, R. W. I. Brachman, and R. K. Rowe. "Quantifying geomembrane wrinkles using aerial photography and digital image processing." Geosynthetics International 14, no. 4 (August 2007): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/gein.2007.14.4.219.

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Potapov, V. P., and S. E. Popov. "Assessment of the mined rock mass jointing based on aerial photography and computer vision methods." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 5S/2023 (December 20, 2023): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2023-5s-53-57.

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The task to assess rock mass jointing are currently usually solved in manual mode, which requires high qualification of the specialists and considerable time expenditures. Automation of such tasks is important in terms of reducing the time of image processing and obtaining additional information on the geomechanical state of the rock mass. The article discusses the possibilities of using computer vision and artificial intelligence technologies to assess jointing of the rock mass. For this purpose, aerial photography data obtained using unmanned aerial vehicles are used. The images are processed with the software developed by the authors, which performs tracing of the joints based on a neural network of a dedicated architecture. The results of processing aerial photography data are presented using the cases of coal strip mines in Kuzbass and open-pit mines of the Kola Peninsula. The use of neural network in processing of the aerial survey data of the rock masses has shown the promising potential of the method. After processing the data of tracing the jointing fields, it becomes possible to monitor the behavior of the rock mass by using the visualization tools for additional fields of characteristics, which allow to assess the nature of changes occurring under anthropogenic loads. The developed algorithms make it possible to significantly accelerate the processes of aerial survey data processing to assess the structural disturbance of the rock mass.

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Rasmussen, L. A., and R. M. Krimmel. "Using Vertical Aerial Photography to Estimate Mass Balance at a Point." Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography 81, no. 4 (December 1999): 725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3676.1999.00100.x.

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Dueholm, K. S., and A. A. Garde. "Geological photogrammetry using standard colour slides." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 130 (December 31, 1986): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v130.7945.

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Photogrammctric mapping methods (Dueholm, 1979; Jepsen & Dueholm, 1978; Pedersen, 1981) are widely used by the Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU). However, until now it has only been possible to use vertical aerial photographs taken with large frame photogrammetric cameras. As a major part af the geology in Greenland is exposed on steep mountain sides. there are many afcas that e(]llllot be rnappcd from vertical aerial pl1otographs. In 1983 a research projccl was set up to invcstigate phologrammetric mapping using commerci ally available oblique aeria! photographs, as well as terrestriaJ photographs taken by geologists with ordinary 24/36 mm cameras (fig. 1). A new type of photogrammetric instrument, the Kern DSR11/GP1 AnalyticaI Plotter, was procured for this and other projects. Here we present results and experience from the first successful mapping in Greenland with an ordinary 24/36 mm camera.

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Fookes, P. G., S. G. Dale, and J. M. Land. "Some observations on a comparative aerial photography interpretation of a landslipped area." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 24, no. 3 (August 1991): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.qjeg.1991.024.03.01.

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Dias, Fábio Ferreira, José Carlos Sícoli Seoane, and João Wagner Alencar Castro. "Evolução da linha de praia do Peró, Cabo Frio / RJ nos últimos 7.000 anos." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 32, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2009_1_9-20.

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The present work aims to evaluate the coastal dynamics along the Peró beach over the last 7,000 years, using shell-midden dating, sediment granulometric analysis, aerial photography from different ages, and field investigation to aid result interpretation and provide for clues on the adaptation of the methodology employed. Paleobeach reconstruction has been made possible by a combination of 14C age-dating and the interpretation of beach ridge disposition. Aerial photography from the years of 1959, 1976, and 2003 allow the evaluation of the present short-term coastline behavior, thus establishing the position of the paleobeach in relation to the current high-tide zone. Results indicate that the paleobeach situated in the present-day coastal plain dates from 3.373 - 3.000 cal A.P. Coastline variation in the 1959 - 1976 period consists of approximately 30m of accretion on its most significant point, while in the it eroded about 30m at the central beach sector during 1976 - 2003 period. In this context, results are considered satisfactory for the understanding of sedimentation dynamics at the Peró beach, in the city of Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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Farisan, Ardhan, and Muhammad Gazali Rachman. "Carbonate rocks in northern of West Jiwo Hills Bayat: The indication of thrust belt development in southern Central Java." RISET Geologi dan Pertambangan 32, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/risetgeotam2022.v32.1218.

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Bayat, Klaten, Central Java, is one of three locations in Java with complete types of rocks exposed at the earth’s surface. All those rocks are scattered over a short distance in Bayat, revealing past processes of rock deformation (folding, fracturing, and faulting) and present-day processes of rock weathering and erosion. In this study, we present how clastic carbonate rock of the Oyo Formation at northern Jiwo Hills could be separated about ±15 km northern from its platforms as an indication of thrust fault growth. This study uses aerial photography for photogrammetry (drones) combined with structural geology and microfossil analyses (to know the exact formation) from the outcrop observation. Recent studies have certified that drones are one reliable observation tool in various aspects with better resolution, especially in structural geology studies. Aerial photogrammetry is very well done to see the exact condition of a wide area combined with high resolution on an outcrop scale. The result shows that the carbonate rocks are from Oyo Formation (N9–N11) with the Middle Neritic bathymetric zone. The structural geology phenomenon kinematically indicates the impact of the transpressional movement called flower structure. Based on subsurface interpretation, the authors hypothesize this area was the product of an imbrication thrust stack uplifted basement as the result of the thrust fault rather than horst or paleo-basement high.

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Patioran, Adi Reski Surya, Avellyn Shinthya Sari, Muhammad Abdurrozak Siamashari, Ahmad Ubaidillah Fathoni, Ika Justitia Julita, and Nazario Gomes. "The mined mass measurement by using drone technology approach in the local scale mining in Tumiyang area, Kebasen District, Banyumas Regency, Central Java, the observation area of CV. Sinergi Karya Solutif." Journal of Earth and Marine Technology (JEMT) 2, no. 2 (March 30, 2022): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31284/j.jemt.2022.v2i2.2882.

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In this study, the objective or focal point is the number of reserves that have been mined and how to calculate the volume mined using the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) method. In the evaluation of the volume mined using the UAV approach in Tumiyang village, Kebasen sub-district, Banyumas regency, Central Java province, this research was conducted using qualitative and quantitative methods related to the characteristics and modeling of sediment distribution from prospect block exploration. This research was conducted in the even semester of the 2020-2021 academic year, which is between October 2020 to March 2021. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the data collection process using the UAV method requires a short time and complete initial information regarding the condition of the research area is very important for success. aerial photography data collection. The data obtained is aerial photo data and with supporting data such as topography and geology. Based on data processing, the mined volume obtained using supporting software is 32,313.55 m3, while the volume obtained when we calculate manually is 247,050.65 m3.

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Fensham, R. J., J. C. McCosker, and M. J. Cox. "Estimating Clearance of Acacia-dominated Ecosystems in Central Queensland Using Land-system Mapping Data." Australian Journal of Botany 46, no. 2 (1998): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt96129.

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Preferential clearance of productive Acacia-dominated ecosystems was determined using digital land-system mapping and a 1994–1995 native vegetation remnant coverage from central Queensland. The previously mapped land systems are composed of complexes of land units, covering a range of productive potentials that are not individually mapped but defined according to their proportions within the land systems. Some land units were grouped into 11 ‘Acacia ecosystems’ composed of unique combinations of geology and vegetation dominated by brigalow (Acacia harpophylla F.Muell. ex Benth.), gidgee (A. cambagei R.T.Baker) or blackwood (A. argyrodendron Domin). Calculation of the remnant area of these Acacia ecosystems, assuming equal proportions of vegetation clearance of the land unit components within the land-system complexes (equal proportion calculation), was compared with a more accurate calculation based on interpretation of aerial photography (aerial-photograph calculation) data. The aerial photograph calculation of remnant area was 44% of the equal proportion calculation for brigalow on Tertiary clay and the ratio between these calculations was greater than 100% for only one Acacia ecosystem of relatively low production potential. The proportion of the remnant Acacia ecosystems relative to less productive ecosystems on tenures assigned to production (leasehold and freehold) was consistently lower than on other tenures. The use of mapping consisting of composite ecosystems with various production potentials for area-based assessment of vegetation clearance will overestimate the remnant areas of the relatively productive types unless a procedure such as that outlined here is used to correct for preferential clearance. This study provides near-complete and accurate data on the 1994–1995 status of Acacia ecosystems in central Queensland. Relative to their original area, values ranged from 6.8% for brigalow on Tertiary clay to 37.6% for gidgee–blackwood on alluvium.

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Indra Agus Riyanto, Ahmad Cahyadi, Dwi Sismoyo, Azura Ulfa, Wilda Aulia Fathoni, and Ghalih Nur Wicaksono. "Geomorfologi Tanah Pada Transisi Geologi Formasi Wonosari dan Nglanggran di Kecamatan Purwosari Gunungkidul Yogyakarta." Jurnal Geografi, Edukasi dan Lingkungan (JGEL) 6, no. 2 (July 26, 2022): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/jgel.v6i2.9072.

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The transition zone of the Wonosari and Nglanggran Formation in Purwosari District has the characteristics of thick soil, steep slopes, and no outcrops. The different characteristics found in the Wonosari Formation Zone are characterized by polygonal karst formations with thin soil and limestone rocks, and the Nglanggran Formation in the form of thick soil, andesite rock outcrops, and steep slopes. Geomorphological mapping of the Nglanggran and Wonosari Formation can be done easily through morphological approaches and outcrops. Geomorphological mapping is quite difficult to do in the transition of the Wonosari and Nglanggran Formation because it does not have outcrops and is difficult to interpret from morphology. Soil geomorphological approach needs to be done to define landform units for areas that do not have outcrops dan difficult to interpret through morphology. The purpose of this study was to map the geomorphological distribution of soil characteristics in the geological transition zone. The methods used to identify landform units are morphological delineation and soil survey. The morphological delineation for landform units was obtained from aerial photographs. The results of the delineation of landforms from aerial photographs are detailed by soil surveys. The results of the delineation of landforms using aerial photography produce high resolution, smooth, and firm compared to other sources. The results of the delineation of landforms from aerial photos obtained two units of landforms, limestone karst hills, Wonosari formation and andesitic rocky hills, Nglanggran formation. There is a transitional transition zone in the TP7 soil sample with the color change from dark brown (karst) to light brown (old volcanic). The thickness of the soil in the old volcanic is more than 1 meter and deeper than the karst soil (< 60 cm). The transition zone has three soil horizons A, B, and B/C which are classified as more developed than the karst region (A and B horizons). The soil texture in old volcanic is clay and silt, while the dominant karst area is clay.

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Lee, S., and D. G. Evangelista. "Earthquake-induced landslide-susceptibility mapping using an artificial neural network." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 5 (July 26, 2006): 687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-687-2006.

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Abstract. The purpose of this study was to apply and verify landslide-susceptibility analysis techniques using an artificial neural network and a Geographic Information System (GIS) applied to Baguio City, Philippines. The 16 July 1990 earthquake-induced landslides were studied. Landslide locations were identified from interpretation of aerial photographs and field survey, and a spatial database was constructed from topographic maps, geology, land cover and terrain mapping units. Factors that influence landslide occurrence, such as slope, aspect, curvature and distance from drainage were calculated from the topographic database. Lithology and distance from faults were derived from the geology database. Land cover was identified from the topographic database. Terrain map units were interpreted from aerial photographs. These factors were used with an artificial neural network to analyze landslide susceptibility. Each factor weight was determined by a back-propagation exercise. Landslide-susceptibility indices were calculated using the back-propagation weights, and susceptibility maps were constructed from GIS data. The susceptibility map was compared with known landslide locations and verified. The demonstrated prediction accuracy was 93.20%.

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Harris, P. T., and M. R. Jones. "Bedform movement in a marine tidal delta: air photo interpretations." Geological Magazine 125, no. 1 (January 1988): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800009353.

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AbstractMorphological changes in bedforms composing a tidal delta at the northern entrance to Moreton Bay, Queensland have been studied by examining aerial photographs spanning a 26-year time period. The aerial photographs show the movements of 51 different sand-bank crestlines, and the morphological characteristics of both sand banks and sandwaves. From the orientation of sandwave crests to the sand-bank crestlines, zones of ebb- and flood-dominance in sand-transport direction are distinguished. The migration directions of the sand banks are predicted by considering the cross-sectional asymmetry of the sand banks together with their adjacent ebb/flood zones of net sand transport. The reliability of the predictions is tested by comparisons with sequential air photo data. When applied to 53 bedforms, the predictions achieved a high success rate, with 45 predicted migration directions matching those observed on the sequential aerial photographs. Bedform movement can be predicted, therefore, for any water depths in which submarine bedforms can be clearly seen on aerial photographs (< 10 m).Based upon their mobility, sand banks are classified into three categories: dynamic sand banks, which change quickly (within 2 years) and which have migration rates that are non-uniform along the bank crestline; progressive sand banks, which change slowly (from 2–10 years) and have migration rates that are uniform along their crestlines; and immobile sand banks, which change only over time intervals which exceed 10 years. Changes in sand-bank morphology occur by migration of the crestline together with growth and decay, and are considered to be linked with changes of larger ebb- and flood-dominant zones of net sand transport. The three different sand-bank types are characterized by distinctive heights, crestline lengths and wavelengths. They occur in different locations within Moreton Bay, possibly related to distance from external sand supplies and to relative tidal current and surface wave energy levels.

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Corbane, Christina, Daniela Carrion, Guido Lemoine, and Marco Broglia. "Comparison of Damage Assessment Maps Derived from Very High Spatial Resolution Satellite and Aerial Imagery Produced for the Haiti 2010 Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 1_suppl1 (October 2011): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3630223.

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Following the devastating M7.2 earthquake that affected Haiti on 12 January 2010 two types of building damage assessment maps were produced: 1) area-based damage assessments using pre- and post-event satellite imagery and 2) detailed building-by-building damage assessments using post-event aerial photography. In this paper, we compare the reliability and the usability of area-based damage assessment maps from satellite imagery with respect to the detailed damage assessment from aerial data. The main objective is to better understand how cooperative rapid mapping can steer the more detailed assessments that are typical in determining postdisaster recovery and reconstruction efforts. The results of these experiments indicate that damage assessment maps based on satellite data are capable of capturing the damage pattern, mainly in areas with a high level of damaged and many collapsed structures. However, these maps cannot provide the level of information needed for the quantification of damage intensity.

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Ansari, S., C. D. Rennie, S. P. Clark, and O. Seidou. "IceMaskNet: River ice detection and characterization using deep learning algorithms applied to aerial photography." Cold Regions Science and Technology 189 (September 2021): 103324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2021.103324.

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Renner, Angelika H. H., Marie Dumont, Justin Beckers, Sebastian Gerland, and Christian Haas. "Improved characterisation of sea ice using simultaneous aerial photography and sea ice thickness measurements." Cold Regions Science and Technology 92 (August 2013): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2013.03.009.

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Li, Zhenwang, Quanjun Jiao, Liangyun Liu, Huan Tang, and Tong Liu. "Monitoring Geologic Hazards and Vegetation Recovery in the Wenchuan Earthquake Region Using Aerial Photography." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 3, no. 1 (March 19, 2014): 368–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi3010368.

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Graham, D. F., and D. R. Grant. "A test of airborne, side-looking synthetic-aperture radar in central Newfoundland for geological reconnaissance." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-025.

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Side-looking, C-band synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) penetrates cloud and fog, and operates day or night, to produce pseudo-three-dimensional terrain images with enhanced topography and surface roughness. The images, which have a 20 m resolution and cover large areas, have been used to map the regional trends, patterns of lineaments, and terrain types over a 6200 km2 area of complex lithology, structure, and drift cover. Four lineament classes are differentiated. Glacial trends are clear, and bedrock structures (faults, fractures, joints, foliation, and folded bedding) with relief expression at the surface show through the drift as lineaments. They accurately reproduce most known features when compared with bedrock and Quatenary geology maps. Hitherto unrecognized structural elements are revealed. Tones and textures reflect minute surface roughness variations useful in terrain classification. SAR wide-swath-mode imagery is thus a valuable complement to aerial photography, and is superior in revealing hummocky moraine, ribbed moraine, boulder fields and stony till. Wider use of this imagery is encouraged.

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Thomas, B. M. "IN FOR THE LONG HAUL - 50 YEARS OF SHELL EXPLORATION IN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 30, no. 1 (1990): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj89032.

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On 27th November, 1939 Shell was awarded its first exploration concession in Australia. The initial holdings covered much of southern Queensland, including parts of the Eromanga, Surat and Bowen Basins. An exploration programme involving field geology, aerial photography, a gravity survey and shallow structural drilling preceded a 'deep test' in 1950, Morella-1, located in the Denison Trough near Springsure. In the course of the venture, Shell was responsible for the first effective application of several modern techniques to petroleum exploration in Australia, including geophysics, organic geochemistry and wireline logging. Although disappointing results led to relinquishment of this first area, Shell has continued to explore in Australia, initially through participation in the WAPET and North West Shelf consortia, and from 1962 in a series of other ventures throughout the country. The rewards, in terms of Shell equity reserves, total some 1.7 billion barrels of oil equivalent at an exploration cost since 1964 of 1.1 billion dollars (1988 equivalent value).

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Weber, Dominique, and Agnes Herrmann. "Contribution de la photogrammetrie numerique a l'etude spatio-temporelle de versants instables; l'exemple du glissement de terrain de Super-Sauze (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 171, no. 6 (November 1, 2000): 637–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/171.6.637.

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Abstract Recent developments in image processing and digital photogrammetry offer to the geomorphologists increasingly accessible and effective tools for the spatio-temporal knowledge of landslides. These techniques were used to reconstitute the historical evolution of a complex flow slide occurring in the "Terres Noires" of the Barcelonnette basin. The lithological and morphological environment of the studied site is characteristic of the whole southern French Prealps where are largely present Jurassic marly formations. Six digital elevation models (D.E.M.) generated from stereoscopic couples of aerial photography, but also various ortho-images and perspective views, allow to follow the morphological evolution of the unstable slope since the years 1950's -- before the releasing of the landslide -- until our days. Besides multitemporal descriptions of the landscape and of the morphological processes occurred on this site, the implemented method appears particularly useful for the quantitative analysis of the instabilities. It appears notably as a powerful tool for the 3-D reconstruction of the landslide geometry and by the same occasion for the calculation of its volume.

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Walstra, J., N. Dixon, and J. H. Chandler. "Historical aerial photographs for landslide assessment: two case histories." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 40, no. 4 (November 2007): 315–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1470-9236/07-011.

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Hearn, G. J., and R. W. Duncumb. "Using stereo aerial photography and satellite InSAR to help assess slope hazards for a hydropower project in mountainous southern Albania." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 51, no. 2 (April 4, 2018): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2017-100.

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Koehl, Jean-Baptiste P., Gard Christophersen, Maxime Collombin, Christoffer Taule, Eirik M. B. Stokmo, and Lis Allaart. "Devonian-Mississippian faulting controlled by WNW-ESE-striking structural grain in Proterozoic basement rocks in Billefjorden, central Spitsbergen." Geologica Acta 21 (July 28, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.7.

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In Billefjorden, central Spitsbergen, Devonian collapse and Carboniferous rift-related sedimentary strata were deposited unconformably over Proterozoic basement rocks displaying well developed N-S-trending Caledonian grain. Caledonian structures and fabrics are thought to have controlled the location and trend of subsequent Devonian and Carboniferous basin-bounding faults like the Billefjorden fault zone and Lemströmfjellet–Løvehovden fault. However, fieldwork and interpretation of aerial photographs in Proterozoic basement rocks reveal the existence of steep, abundant, WNW-ESE-striking brittle faults that are sub-orthogonal to known major Caledonian and post-Caledonian structures in Billefjorden, but that do not extend into adjacent-overlying, rift-related, Pennsylvanian rocks of the Gipsdalen Group. Structural analysis of field data and aerial photographs suggest that WNW-ESE-striking faults in basement rocks in Billefjorden formed as (sinistral) strike-slip and normal faults during Devonian-Mississippian extension in agreement with previously inferred models of sinistral transtension. The abundance of these faults suggest that their formation was controlled by analogously trending, preexisting structural grain (planar anisotropies) at depth, and their pronounced WNW-ESE strike suggest that the strike of preexisting anisotropies were comparable to recently identified, crustal-scale, WNW-ESE-striking Timanian thrust systems in Svalbard and the northern Barents Sea.

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NAKASUJI, Akito, Sakae MUKOYAMA, and Hiroko KAWAI. "Image Processing Techniques in Engineering Geology. Disaster Prevention Survey of Unzen Volcano using Aerial Photographs." Journal of the Japan Society of Engineering Geology 34, no. 6 (1994): 300–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.34.300.

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Svoray, T., and Y. Carmel. "Empirical Method for Topographic Correction in Aerial Photographs." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 2, no. 2 (April 2005): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2005.846012.

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Skowronek, Ewa, Teresa Brzezińska-Wójcik, and Waldemar Kociuba. "How to Create a Geocultural Site’s Content–Huta Różaniecka Case Study (SE Poland)." Sustainability 16, no. 5 (March 6, 2024): 2193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16052193.

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This study concerns the design of a geocultural site in Huta Różaniecka. It is one of 166 sites prepared for the Kamienny Las na Roztoczu (Roztocze Stone Forest) Geopark project. The site is distinguished, on the one hand, by its interesting geology and geomorphology (exposures of Miocene sea shore with numerous fossils) and, on the other hand, by its quarries, stonemasonry traditions, and buildings (ruins of the Greek Catholic church). The aim of this paper is to present a model for building specialized documentation using a wide range of source materials, methods (field inventory, queries, interviews, high-precision Light Detection and Ranging-LiDAR measurements), tools (Leica ScanStation C10 laser scanner), and techniques (photography, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-UAV, Terrestrial Laser Scanning-TLS). The applied research procedure model led to the construction of specialized documentation relating to the spatial dimension, natural features, and cultural context of the site. Taking into account the collected data, it should be concluded that the projected geocultural site at Huta Różaniecka, irrespective of the creation of a geopark, has great potential to build a tourist product that is attractive to a wide range of visitors.

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Hicks, N., and D. J. C. Gold. "A reinterpretation of the Archaean stratigraphy south of Nkandla, southern Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa: Geophysical and stratigraphic constraints on a sheared granitoid-greenstone remnant." South African Journal of Geology 124, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 685–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.124.0025.

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Abstract A new lithostratigraphic framework based upon a review of historic data, field mapping and remote sensing, including aerial photography, high-resolution airborne aeromagnetic and radiometric data, is proposed for the Archaean geology along the southeastern margin of the Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. A synthesis of new and existing data reveals that previously accepted lithostratigraphic schemes require complete revision, with reinterpretations identifying multiple major shear zones and previously unidentified granitoid successions along the margin of the craton. In this new lithostratigraphic framework, lithologies of the Southern Syncline previously correlated with the Nsuze Group of the Pongola Supergroup, are redefined as greenstone lithologies associated with the Ilangwe Greenstone Belt. The geology of the Nkandla region can be subdivided into five distinct geophysical domains including: (i) an extension of the Ilangwe Greenstone Belt, (Domain 1) which is subdivided into; a lower volcanic succession, the Thathe Formation, comprising pillow and amygdaloidal volcanics; the adjoining Sabiza Formation, comprising pillow volcanics exposed in the southeast of the study area; the volcano-sedimentary Mtshwili Formation, which overlies the Thathe and Sabiza formations, consisting of quartz (sericite) schist, phyllite, metavolcanics and iron formation; the Nomangci Formation, which occurs as a region of highly deformed quartz-kyanite-sericite schists, and the Simbagwezi Formation, which comprises maroon to green phyllites and schists in the north of the study area. (ii) granitoids of the Impisi Granitoid Suite (Domain 2) which border the greenstone succession to the north, intruding the Nomangci and Simbagwezi formations. (iii) a southern complex of sheared granitoids termed the Umgabhi Granitoid Suite (Domain 3), which intrudes the Thathe, Sabiza and Mtshwili formations. (iv) The two remaining domains, comprise the Mesoproterozoic Mfongosi and Ntingwe Groups (Domain 4) and Mesoarchaean volcano-sedimentary sequences of the Pongola Supergroup (Domain 5).

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Jeffries, Martin O. "The source and calving of ice island ARLIS-II." Polar Record 28, no. 165 (April 1992): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400013437.

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AbstractOn the basis of existing data on the dimensions, shape, surficial geology, and glaciological structure of ice island ARLIS-II, used in combination with aerial photographs of northernmost Ellesmere Island taken in 1950 and 1959, the source of the ice island is positively identified as the Alfred Ernest Ice Shelf. The duration of the recent drift of ‘Hobson's Choice’ ice island from the vicinity of the Alfred Ernest Ice Shelf to northern Ellef Ringnes Island, used as a model for the duration of the drift of ARLIS-II between the same points, suggests ARLIS-II broke off the ice shelf in approximately 1955.

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ROSE, EDWARD P. F. "LAWRENCE RICKARD WAGER (1904–1965): A DISTINGUISHED GEOLOGIST WHO HELPED TO PIONEER AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION FOR ALLIED FORCES IN WORLD WAR II." Earth Sciences History 38, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-38.1.59.

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ABSTRACT ‘Bill’ Wager, after undergraduate and postgraduate studies at the University of Cambridge, became a lecturer at the University of Reading in southern England in 1929. He was granted leave in the 1930s to participate in lengthy expeditions that explored the geology of Greenland, an island largely within the Arctic Circle. With friends made on those expeditions, he became in June 1940 an early recruit to the Photographic Development Unit of the Royal Air Force that pioneered the development of aerial photographic interpretation for British armed forces. He was quickly appointed to lead a ‘shift’ of interpreters. The unit moved in 1941 from Wembley in London to Danesfield House in Buckinghamshire, known as Royal Air Force Medmenham, to become the Central Interpretation Unit for Allied forces—a ‘secret’ military intelligence unit that contributed significantly to Allied victory in World War II. There Wager led one of three ‘shifts’ that carried out the ‘Second Phase’ studies in a three-phase programme of interpretation that became a standard operating procedure. Promoted in 1941 to the rank of squadron leader in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, he was given command of all ‘Second Phase’ work. Sent with a detachment of photographic interpreters to the Soviet Union in 1942, he was officially ‘mentioned in a Despatch’ on return to England. By the end of 1943 the Central Interpretation Unit had developed into a large organization with an experienced staff, so Wager was allowed to leave Medmenham in order to become Professor of Geology in the University of Durham. He resigned his commission in July 1944. Appointed Professor of Geology in the University of Oxford in 1950, he died prematurely from a heart attack in 1965, best remembered for his work on the igneous rocks of the Skaergaard intrusion in Greenland and an attempt to climb Mount Everest in 1933.

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Nanda, Rabindranath, Siba Prasad Mishra, Kamal Kumar Barik, and Kumar Ch Sethi. "Review of Episodic Voyage of Engineering Surveying and Cartography in India." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 42, no. 12 (May 25, 2023): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2023/v42i124109.

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This study presents the Episodic Voyage of Engineering Surveying and Cartography in India to know our past development in mapmaking and cartography, which is as old as Ptolemy’s expedition in the 2nd century AD in India. Starting from ropes and sticks to measure, plumb bobs to position, site rule for sighting, and clinometer for height measurement, the Indians and people from other countries, developed the present instruments and methodologies. They have evolved by gathering big data and up to making smart maps by today. The methodology employed is to collect data about the development of innovative technologies in the last 15th to 21st centuries. The journey commenced from Zareb, Kadi, etc. to the development of geo-informatics with the practices of Aerial photography, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Image Processing, Photogrammetry by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR), Web GIS, through large-scale map generation. The innovative practices have given a new direction to the subjects like geography, geology, urban planning, landscaping, and other human application services. The present study includes the search for the advances in surveying and map-making journey to date and the way forward. Eventually, the evolution of technologies will influence greatly the surveying and map-generating Present process. The application handling in the current geospatial ecosystem can be complied with by compiling large-scale maps 1:500, 1:1000, etc. through automation for better smart city planning in India. The change shall paddle the economic growth in different developing countries. However, the survey of marine territories of India is poorly researched.

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Zuska, Ada, Alla Goychuk, Valery Riabchii, and Vladyslav Riabchii. "Methods of mapping the lands disturbed by mining operations and accuracy of cartographic images obtained from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A review." Mining of Mineral Deposits 16, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining16.01.058.

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Purpose. Analyzing the land disturbance consequences caused by surface mining operations and methods for mapping these lands, as well as studying the accuracy of point coordinates of digital images obtained from materials of aerial photographic surveys using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Performing a quantitative assessment of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of point coordinates on cartographic images and determining the dependences of the RMSE of point coordinates on the photogrammetric parameters. Methods. The review of previous research publications within the framework of the presented subject is performed in the following sequence: analysis of ecosystem disbalance as a result of surface mining operations; based on previous studies, collecting the data for quantitative assessment of accuracy in the form of RMSE of point coordinates on cartographic images obtained from the materials of aerial photographic survey using UAVs; statistical study of the relationship between the RMSE and photographic survey parameters. Findings. The methods for mapping the disturbed lands to return them to their natural state after the consequences of surface mining operations are presented, based on a review of previous research publications on the subject of the work. According to the previous studies, the RMSE of point coordinates of cartographic images has been systematized, and, based on this, the accuracy of topographic plans has been determined for them. Statistical studies of the relationship between the quantitative assessment of the RMSE (xy) and RMSE (z) accuracy in relation to the photographic survey parameters have been performed. In addition, the scattering diagrams of the correlation dependence and the range of RMSE relative frequency have been presented. Originality. Based on a critical analysis of previous studies on the lack of quantitative accuracy regulation of cartographic images obtained from aerial photographic survey using UAVs, the RMSE systematics has been performed in terms of the photographic survey height. Based on this, the accuracy of topographic plans, the relative frequency of horizontal and vertical distribution of errors, the mean value and the root mean square error (σ) have been determined. Practical implications. The systematics of the RMSE values of cartographic image point coordinates for certain photographic survey parameters and the scale of topographic images makes it possible to take this into account in the project of aerial photographic survey using UAVs of lands for various purposes, as well as to choose the height and photographic equipment according to the required accuracy.

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Basnyat, P., B. McConkey, B. Meinert, C. Gatkze, and G. Noble. "Agriculture Field Characterization Using Aerial Photograph and Satellite Imagery." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 1, no. 1 (January 2004): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2003.822313.

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Naito, Shohei, Hiromitsu Tomozawa, Yuji Mori, Takeshi Nagata, Naokazu Monma, Hiromitsu Nakamura, Hiroyuki Fujiwara, and Gaku Shoji. "Building-damage detection method based on machine learning utilizing aerial photographs of the Kumamoto earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 3 (February 20, 2020): 1166–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293019901309.

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This article presents a method for detecting damaged buildings in the event of an earthquake using machine learning models and aerial photographs. We initially created training data for machine learning models using aerial photographs captured around the town of Mashiki immediately after the main shock of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. All buildings are classified into one of the four damage levels by visual interpretation. Subsequently, two damage discrimination models are developed: a bag-of-visual-words model and a model based on a convolutional neural network. Results are compared and validated in terms of accuracy, revealing that the latter model is preferable. Moreover, for the convolutional neural network model, the target areas are expanded and the recalls of damage classification at the four levels range approximately from 66% to 81%.

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Kalacheva, E. G. "EXPEDITION WORK IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE KAMCHATKA EAST VOLCANIC BELT AND IN THE KAMCHATKA RIVER VALLEY IN 2023." Bulletin of Kamchatka Regional Association «Educational-Scientific Center». Earth Sciences, no. 1(61) (2024): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31431/1816-5524-2024-1-61-101-113.

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This article provides a brief description of the expedition work conducted by the staff of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, FEBRAS, in the central part of the Eastern Volcanic belt of Kamchatka, and in the Kamchatka River valley in the Summer-Autumn of 2023. In order to study the conditions for the formation and discharge of thermal waters of large volcanic centers, to estimate the hydrothermal discharge of magmatic volatiles (primarily CO2), hydrochemical and gas testing was carried out on the thermal fields of the Kikhpinych and Bolshoi Semyachik volcanic massifs, and in the Uzon caldera. In parallel with geochemical sampling, aerial and infrared photography of thermal sites was carried out. To determine the degree of influence of volcanic and hydrothermal activity on the ion runoff into the Pacific Ocean, hydrochemical and hydrological works were carried out in the Kamchatka Riverv alley. A comprehensive study of unique alkaline cold springs was carried out in the Belaya River valley (Kamchatsky Peninsula). A large number of water and gas samples, sediments and mineral salts were collected for further analytical studies during the expedition works.

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GALVÃO, PAULO, RICARDO HIRATA, ARNALDO CORDEIRO, DANIELA BARBATI, and JORGE PEÑARANDA. "Geologic conceptual model of the municipality of Sete Lagoas (MG, Brazil) and the surroundings." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 88, no. 1 (February 2, 2016): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140400.

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ABSTRACT The study area is located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, among the municipalities of Pedro Leopoldo, Matozinhos, and Sete Lagoas, with Velhas River as the eastern boundary. It is located in the São Francisco Craton, where carbonated argillo-arenaceous sediments are emplaced giving origin to the Bambuí Group, in the São Francisco Basin. Despite the geological knowledge previously developed, the region needs work on integration and detailing of such information. For this reason, the main objective was to contribute to the quality of the geologic cartography, the spatial distribution, and the structural framework geometry. Thus, geologic mapping, aerial photography interpretation, and evaluation of 270 lithologic well profiles were carried out. It was possible to establish a new geologic perspective of the region by obtaining the detailed geologic map of the municipality of Sete Lagoas, 14 geologic cross sections, and a geologic conceptual model. The study showed that the area is within a basin border, presenting a geometry conditioned by horst and graben system controlled by faulting. This structural feature displaced stratigraphic sequences positioning them side by side with lithologic sequences with different ages.

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Rodríguez, Carmen, Juan Sevilla, Ícaro Obeso, and Daniel Herrera. "Emerging Tools for the Interpretation of Glacial and Periglacial Landscapes with Geomorphological Interest—A Case Study Using Augmented Reality in the Mountain Pass of San Isidro (Cantabrian Range, Northwestern Spain)." Land 11, no. 8 (August 16, 2022): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081327.

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The application of Augmented Reality (AR), a technology that complements and enriches the live view of a place with virtual elements, is a relatively new approach that has been demonstrated to be useful as an educational tool for the interpretation of geological and geographic features. In addition, it is a technology consistent with challenges related to enhancing the geotourism experience in geologically diverse terrains, and consistent with the sustainable use of resources in rural and natural areas. The focus of AR in this contribution is primarily for academic use. Here, we developed a pioneering AR project, at the San Isidro Pass, located in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula, more specifically, in the central-eastern sector of the Cantabrian Mountain range (the Asturian Massif) and the northern slope of the Sierra de Sentiles. This is a high mountain area where the low incidence of Pliocene and Quaternary fluvial erosion has favored the preservation of a great geodiversity. In this case study, the approaches of geology and physical geography as subjects in official university studies have been used as a reference framework. Fieldwork was carried out to design an itinerary, or geotrail, of Points of Interest (POIs), that highlight the geological values of this montane region by visualising and interpreting nine glacial and periglacial landscapes using dynamic graphic resources (animated videos, panoramic and spherical tours and rotating and expandable 3D models combining conventional terrestrial photography and 360° photography, aerial photography, thematic cartography, etc.) composed by graphic processing software. The result is the design of AR tools which could be used by public and private entities as a product suitable for university teaching but also a work that could guide other geoeducational actions or institutional action for official heritage recognition. In isolation, these POIs function as ‘geosites’; when combined in sequence (POI 1 to POI 9), these POIs function as a ‘geotrail’ to highlight the diversity of glacial and periglacial landscapes and their sedimentary deposits; when viewed as an ensemble, POIs combine to be similar to a ‘geopark’ that emphasises glacial and periglacial landscapes and sedimentary deposits.

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Durand, Véronique, Benoît Deffontaines, Véronique Leonardi, Roger Guerin, Robert Wyns, Ghislain de Marsily, and Jean-Luc Bonjour. "A multidisciplinary approach to determine the structural geometry of hard-rock aquifers. Application to the Plancoet migmatitic aquifer (NE Brittany, W France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 177, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.177.5.227.

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Abstract A new multidisciplinary methodology is developed to determine the structural geometry of hard-rock aquifers. The Plancoët migmatitic basement, chosen as an example for the use of this methodology, is studied both at a regional (300 km2) and a local (4 km2) scale. The regional mapping, based on field mapping of the tectonic structures and the weathered layers, on geostatistics and on aerial photographs and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) analyses, demonstrates the influence of the tectonic structures on the weathering processes. Some geo-electric investigations, added to the first mapping at the local scale, lead to the building of a local geometrical model of the aquifer.

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Campbell, Celina, Ian D. Campbell, and Edward H. Hogg. "Lake Area Variability Across a Climatic and Vegetational Transect in Southeastern Alberta." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 48, no. 2 (November 30, 2007): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032997ar.

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ABSTRACTAreas of 34 small lakes forming a transect across the southern margin of the Boreal Forest into the Grassland in southern Alberta were obtained from 326 aerial photographs, with at least six photographs for each lake in different months and different years from 1949 to 1992. Standard deviations of standardised lake areas (used as an index of lake area sensitivity to short term climate fluctuations) were plotted against a climatic moisture index; the resulting scatter of points is constrained by a function relating lake sensitivity to long-term regional climatic moisture. The lakes show high sensitivity in the Grassland where potential évapotranspiration exceeds precipitation, a steep drop in sensitivity over a small range of climatic moisture values in the Aspen Parkland, and very low sensitivity in the Boreal Forest where precipitation exceeds potential évapotranspiration.

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Dolgopolov, Daniil V., Maxim Yu Baborykin, and Vyacheslav A. Melkiy. "MONITORING OF HAZARDOUS GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF PIPELINE TRANSPORT FACILITIES BY REMOTE SENSING DATA." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 4, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-4-1-25-32.

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The article analyzes the natural processes in the corridor of pipeline routes that can cause defects or accidents after the completion of construction or during the operation of the pipeline system. In the transition to a digital form of management of the processes of design, construction and operation of pipeline transport facilities, one of the most important tasks is to identify and control the dynamics of natural hazards processes (NHP). Because the system has significant impact on the flow of natural processes in corridor of the highway, they can become more active and cause accidents. The sources of negative impact on the main oil pipelines are exogenous and endogenous geological processes, as well as atmospheric processes, in the zone of influence of which the oil pipeline is located. It is advisable to use laser scanning to identify and monitor of hazards geological processes (HGP). Filling the NHP database is performed in stages: first, collection and synthesis of all available materials about geology, geomorphology, tectonics, engineering geology, hydrogeology, climate and vegetation of the researcher area is performed; then a digital terrain model (DEM) is created based on air laser scanning (VLS) and aerial photography (AP) by direct decoding features with the allocation of contours of territories subject to natural processes with the classification of their types; and, finally, lists, schemes, maps compiled by result of analysis qualitative and quantitative characteristics of geological processes that have received status of NHP or HGP for designed or operated structure. Decoding of dangerous geological processes according by VLS data performed in two stages: identification of the process and determination of its type by a set of decoding features, then comparison with the standard model from the catalog by location of identification primitives on the DEM and the reference model.

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Kaufmann, Viktor, Wolfgang Sulzer, Gernot Seier, and Matthias Wecht. "Panta Rhei." Kartografija i geoinformacije 18, no. 31 (April 17, 2019): 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32909/kg.18.31.1.

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In this paper we present a reconstruction of the kinematics of the Tschadinhorn rock glacier using multi-temporal conventional (metric) aerial photographs (1954–2015) and additional non-metric aerial photographs (2016, 2017) taken with in-house unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A rotary-wing aircraft (hexacopter twinHEX v.3.0) was used in 2016 and a fixed-wing aircraft (QuestUAV) in 2017. The historical image data was acquired from the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying (BEV). Both a digital orthophoto (DOP) and a digital terrain model (DTM) were computed for each given epoch. Precise georeferencing of the image data was carried out in the Austrian Gauss-Krüger M31 coordinate system using available aerotriangulations (ATs) of BEV and additional ground control points (GCPs) measured geodetically during both UAV campaigns. Change detection analysis provided multi-temporal 2D flow velocity fields. Subsequently, these data were collated to produce a simpler velocity graph showing clearly the temporal evolution of the flow velocity of Tschadinhorn rock glacier: A maximum mean annual flow velocity of 3.28 m/year was obtained for 2014–2015, while the lowest annual flow velocity of 0.16 m/year was observed for 1969–1974. The velocity graph also revealed that 1954–2009 was characterized by generally moderate activity (0.16 – 0.79 m/year) and that much higher flow velocities have prevailed since 2009. The present value for 2016–2017 is 1.92 m/year.

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Pinto, Pedro, Juliana Barros, Marisa Pinheiro, Roberto Tomás, Tiago Miranda, and Eduardo Pereira. "Landslide Analysis combining Laser Scanning and Photogrammetry." E3S Web of Conferences 415 (2023): 03022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341503022.

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After a sequence of weeks of heavy raining, a catastrophic mass movement occurred in the parish of Palmeira de Faro, Esposende (N Portugal) on November 23, 2022. The collapsed slope presented a maximum height of about 21 m and a length of 45 m. In order to document and analyse this case from the geotechnical perspective, a general survey was devised including the use of aerial photography, laser scanning and conventional topographic survey methods. The results obtained showed that these techniques provide very accurate and abundant information that is essential to support a comprehensive documentation of the features and variables of the slope. The mechanisms involved in this catastrophic collapse are still under investigation, and causes such as the excessive rainfall in the previous months or geologic conditions are still being considered, although currently the existing information seems to indicate for a combination of debris flow / rock slide driven event.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aerial photography in geology'

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