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Journal articles on the topic 'Aerial photography in oceanography'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Taylor, Jessica K. D., Robert D. Kenney, Donald J. LeRoi, and Scott D. Kraus. "Automated Vertical Photography for Detecting Pelagic Species in Multitaxon Aerial Surveys." Marine Technology Society Journal 48, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.48.1.9.

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AbstractMarine aerial surveys are designed to maximize the potential for detecting target species. Collecting data on different taxa from the same platform is economically advantageous but normally comes at the cost of compromising optimal taxon-specific scanning patterns and survey parameters, in particular altitude. Here, we describe simultaneous visual and photographic sampling methods as a proof of concept for detecting large whales and turtles from a single aircraft, despite very different sighting cues. Data were collected for fishing gear, fish, sharks, turtles, seals, dolphins, and whales using two observers and automated vertical photography. The photographic method documented an area directly beneath the aircraft that would otherwise have been obscured from observers. Preliminary density estimates were calculated for five species for which there were sufficient sample sizes from both methods after an initial year of data collection. The photographic method yielded significantly higher mean density estimates for loggerhead turtles, ocean sunfish, and blue sharks (p < 0.01), despite sampling a substantially smaller area than visual scanning (less than 11%). Density estimates from these two methods were not significantly different for leatherback turtles or basking sharks (p > 0.05), two of the largest species included in the analysis, which are relatively easy to detect by both methods. Although postflight manual processing of photographic data was extensive, this sampling method comes at no additional in-flight effort and obtains high-quality digital documentation of sightings on the trackline. Future directions for this project include automating photographic sighting detections, expanding the area covered by photography, and performing morphometric measurement assessments.

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2

Ekin, Bill. "The Use of GPS for Low-Cost Aerial Block Photography." Journal of Navigation 48, no. 2 (May 1995): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300012704.

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Flight trials using an inexpensive Garmin GPS receiver, Century 1 autopilot and a Cessna F172H aircraft to acquire block aerial photography are described. The performance of the whole system in the maintenance of constant sidelap and forward lap in block aerial vertical photography was good. However, the system was not good enough to manoeuvre the aircraft accurately on curved flight paths.

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3

Magome, Shinya, Tomohiro Yamashita, Takeshi Kohama, Atsushi Kaneda, Yuichi Hayami, Satoru Takahashi, and Hidetaka Takeoka. "Jellyfish patch formation investigated by aerial photography and drifter experiment." Journal of Oceanography 63, no. 5 (October 2007): 761–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10872-007-0065-y.

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4

Curr, R. H. F., A. Koh, E. Edwards, A. T. Williams, and P. Davies. "Assessing anthropogenic impact on Mediterranean sand dunes from aerial digital photography." Journal of Coastal Conservation 6, no. 1 (December 2000): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02730463.

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5

Estep, K. "Seal sizes and habitat conditions assessed from aerial photography and video analysis." ICES Journal of Marine Science 51, no. 3 (August 1994): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1994.1026.

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6

Nakashima, Etsuko, Atsuhiko Isobe, Shinya Magome, Shin’ichiro Kako, and Noriko Deki. "Using aerial photography and in situ measurements to estimate the quantity of macro-litter on beaches." Marine Pollution Bulletin 62, no. 4 (April 2011): 762–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.006.

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7

Shanmugam, S., and M. Barnsley. "Quantifying landscape-ecological succession in a coastal dune system using sequential aerial photography and GIS." Journal of Coastal Conservation 8, no. 1 (2002): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1652/1400-0350(2002)008[0061:qlsiac]2.0.co;2.

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8

Shanmugam, S., and M. Barnsley. "Quantifying landscape-ecological succession in a coastal dune system using sequential aerial photography and GIS." Journal of Coastal Conservation 8, no. 1 (March 2002): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02806585.

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9

Uhrin, Amy V., and Philip A. Townsend. "Improved seagrass mapping using linear spectral unmixing of aerial photographs." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 171 (March 2016): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.01.021.

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10

Dowdeswell, Julian A., and Toby J. Benham. "A surge of Perseibreen, Svalbard, examined using aerial photography and ASTER high resolution satellite imagery." Polar Research 22, no. 2 (December 2003): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003.tb00118.x.

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11

Ruberg, Steven A., Scott T. Kendall, Bopaiah A. Biddanda, Tyrone Black, Stephen C. Nold, Wayne R. Lusardi, Russ Green, et al. "Observations of the Middle Island Sinkhole in Lake Huron – A Unique Hydrogeologic and Glacial Creation of 400 Million Years." Marine Technology Society Journal 42, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533208787157633.

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In the northern Great Lakes region, limestone sediments deposited some 400 million ybp during the Devonian era have experienced erosion, creating karst features such as caves and sinkholes. The groundwater chemical constituents of the shallow seas that produced these rock formations now contribute to the formation of a unique physical (sharp density gradients), chemical (dissolved oxygen-depleted, sulfate-rich) and biological (microbe-dominated) environment in a submerged sinkhole near Middle Island in freshwater Lake Huron. A variety of methods including aerial photography, physico-chemical mapping, time series measurements, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) survey, diver observations and bathymetric mapping were employed to obtain a preliminary understanding of sinkhole features and to observe physical interactions of the system's groundwater with Lake Huron. High conductivity ground water of relatively constant temperature hugs the sinkhole floor creating a distinct sub-ecosystem within this Great Lakes ecosystem. Extensive photosynthetic purple cyanobacterial benthic mats that characterize the benthos of this shallow sinkhole were strictly limited to the zone of ground water influence.

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12

Baily, Brian, and Robert Inkpen. "Assessing historical saltmarsh change; an investigation into the reliability of historical saltmarsh mapping using contemporaneous aerial photography and cartographic data." Journal of Coastal Conservation 17, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11852-013-0250-7.

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13

Lee, Jong-Seok, Ji-Yeon Baek, Dawoon Jung, Jae-Seol Shim, Hak-Soo Lim, and Young-Heon Jo. "Estimate of Coastal Water Depth Based on Aerial Photographs Using a Low-Altitude Remote Sensing System." Ocean Science Journal 54, no. 3 (September 2019): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12601-019-0026-6.

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14

Gildor, Hezi, Erick Fredj, Jonah Steinbuck, and Stephen Monismith. "Evidence for Submesoscale Barriers to Horizontal Mixing in the Ocean from Current Measurements and Aerial Photographs." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 8 (August 1, 2009): 1975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4116.1.

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Abstract Ocean submesoscale (∼2–20 km) mixing processes play a major role in ocean dynamics, in physical–biological interactions (e.g., in the dispersion of larvae), and in the dispersion of pollutants. In this paper, horizontal mixing on a scale of a few kilometers is investigated, from observations of surface currents, using highly resolved (300 m) high-frequency radar. These results show the complexity of ocean mixing on scales of a few kilometers and the existence of temporary barriers to mixing that can affect the dispersion of biological materials and pollutants. These barriers are narrow [O(100 m)] and can survive for a few days. The existence of these barriers is supported in simultaneous aerial photographs. The barriers observed here may require a new approach to the way horizontal mixing is parameterized in ocean and climate models.

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15

Bendell, Leah I., and Peter C. Y. Wan. "Application of aerial photography in combination with GIS for coastal management at small spatial scales: a case study of shellfish aquaculture." Journal of Coastal Conservation 15, no. 4 (April 15, 2010): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11852-010-0101-8.

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16

Andrew, N. L., and A. L. O'Neill. "Large-scale patterns in habitat structure on subtidal rocky reefs in New South Wales." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 3 (2000): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99008.

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Aerial photography was used to estimate the representation of shallow subtidal habitats in New South Wales. Sixty sites, each between 4 and 5 hectares, were mapped with Geographical Information Systems software using ortho-rectified images digitized from 1:8000-scale photographs and ‘ground truthed’ in the field by divers. Barrens habitat covered an estimated 50% (s.e. = 3.9) of nearshore reefs between Port Stephens and Disaster Bay. Coverage of barrens habitat was greatest in Disaster Bay (68%, s.e. = 6.7) and least south of Disaster Bay (1%, s.e. = 0.3). There were clear differences among localities in the area of reef within the mapped sites; those at Cape Howe, Nadgee, and Turingal were significantly smaller in area than all others. There was no clear latitudinal trend in these differences but there was evidence of sand inundation at a site at Nadgee, where the reef was small. Differences in the densities and size-structure of the sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersiiat 27 of the mapped sites provide a basis for testing relationships between the demography of this species and the persistence of the barrens habitat. The extensive coverage of the barrens habitat in New South Wales is likely to limit the productivity of the abalone industry. The development of a sea urchin fishery may have large impacts on habitat representation on nearshore reefs.

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17

Silveira, Lucas F., Antonio H. da F. Klein, and Moysés G. Tessler. "Headland-bay beach planform stability of Santa Catarina State and of the Northern Coast of São Paulo State." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 58, no. 2 (June 2010): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592010000200003.

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This paper presents the results of the planform stability classification for the headland-bay beaches of the State of Santa Catarina and of the Northern Coast of São Paulo, based on the application of the Parabolic Bay-Shape Equation (PBSE) to aerial images of the beaches, using the software MEPBAY®. For this purpose, georeferenced mosaics of the QuickBird2® satellite imagery (for the State of Santa Catarina) and vertical aerial photographs (for the northern coast of São Paulo State) were used. Headland-bay beach planform stability can be classified as: (1) in static equilibrium, (2) in dynamic equilibrium, (3) unstable or (4) in a state of natural beach reshaping. Static equilibrium beaches are the most frequent along the coast of the State of Santa Catarina and the Northern Shore of São Paulo, notably along the most rugged sectors of the coast and those with experiencing lower fluvial discharge. By comparison, dynamic equilibrium beaches occur primarily on the less rugged sectors of the coast and along regions with higher fluvial discharge. Beaches in a state of natural beach reshaping have only been found in SC, associated with stabilized estuarine inlets or port breakwaters. However, it is not possible to classify any of these beaches as unstable because only one set of images was used. No clear relation was observed between a beach's planform stability and other classification factors, such as morphodynamics or orientation.

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18

Pasqualini, V., C. Pergent-Martini, P. Clabaut, and G. Pergent. "Mapping ofPosidonia oceanicausing Aerial Photographs and Side Scan Sonar: Application off the Island of Corsica (France)." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 47, no. 3 (September 1998): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1998.0361.

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19

MOSBECH, ANDERS, and BIRGER U. HANSEN. "Comparison of satellite imagery and infrared aerial photography as vegetation mapping methods in an arctic study area; Jameson Land, East Greenland." Polar Research 13, no. 1 (June 1994): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1994.tb00444.x.

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20

Potelov, V. A., A. P. Golikov, and V. A. Bondarev. "Estimated pup production of harp seals Pagophilus groenlandicus in the White Sea, Russia, in 2000." ICES Journal of Marine Science 60, no. 5 (January 1, 2003): 1012–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1054-3139(03)00095-x.

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Abstract Since the 1960s pup production of harp seals Pagophilus groenlandicus in the White Sea was estimated from aerial photographic surveys of visible adult females on the ice. Adult abundance estimations were underestimated because an unknown number of females were in the water during the survey. The absence of a reliable estimation of pup production constrained management initiatives. Aerial photographic surveys of whelping harp seals were conducted in the White Sea 10–12 March 2000. Using a systematic strip transect survey design approach, the number of pups present was estimated as 294 914 with a standard error (s.e.) of 36 168. When pups caught by Russian sealers in the White Sea before the aerial surveys (30 729 pups) were included the total estimated number of pups was 325 643 (s.e. 36 168), whereas the number of adult harp seals was 215 943 (s.e. 22 630). The pup estimate was not corrected for pups born after the survey, but this was not considered to be significant. The new estimation of pup production is higher than thought earlier.

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21

Bowen, W. D., J. McMillan, and R. Mohn. "Sustained exponential population growth of grey seals at Sable Island, Nova Scotia." ICES Journal of Marine Science 60, no. 6 (January 1, 2003): 1265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1054-3139(03)00147-4.

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Abstract Grey seal pup production on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, has been monitored since the early 1960s. We estimated pup production on Sable Island in 1997 using aerial photography with a correction for detection of pups on the imagery and a statistical model to account for the proportion of pups not born at the time of the survey. A total of 20 863 pups were counted on the colour positives. When corrected for the proportion of pups seen on the imagery (0.96) and the proportion of pups born before the survey (east colony 0.94, west colony 0.66), estimated total pup production was 25 400 with approximate 95% confidence limits of 23 500 and 26 900. The 1997 estimate indicates that pup production in this population, now the largest grey seal colony in the world, has been increasing exponentially at an annual rate of 12.8% for four decades in the face of considerable environmental variability.

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22

Kooyman, G. L., and P. J. Ponganis. "Chick production at the largest emperor penguin colony decreases by 50% from 2008–10." Antarctic Science 26, no. 1 (July 18, 2013): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102013000515.

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AbstractThe emperor penguin colony at Coulman Island is reputedly the largest known. This reputation is based on intermittent ground and aerial surveys performed since 1958. From an aerial survey obtained on 28 October 2010 we discovered that the total number of chicks was 56% of the lowest previous estimate of 2006 and only 41% of the most recent estimate in 2008. All of the counts tallied since 1983 were determined either by ground counts or from aerial film or digital photographs, or estimates from adult counts. We also determined the sea ice conditions in autumn, which is close to the time the adults arrive to breed. We present three hypotheses of what might have happened from 2008–10 to cause the step change in chick production, the small recovery of chick numbers in 2011, and the complete recovery of number of adults from 2010–11. We conclude that local circumstances may have strongly influenced the breeding behaviour of the emperor penguins in 2010 and to a lesser degree in 2011 when many adults elected not to breed.

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23

Johnston, RM, and MM Barson. "Remote sensing of Australian wetlands: An evaluation of Landsat TM data for inventory and classification." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 2 (1993): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930235.

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This study aimed to develop simple remote-sensing techniques suitable for mapping and monitoring wetlands, using Landsat TM imagery of inland wetland sites in Victoria and New South Wales. A range of classification methods was examined in attempts to map the location and extent of wetlands and their vegetation types. Multi-temporal imagery (winter/spring and summer) was used to display seasonal variability in water regime and vegetation status. Simple density slicing of the mid-infrared band (TM5) from imagery taken during wet conditions was useful for mapping the location and extent of inundated areas. None of the classification methods tested reproduced field maps of dominant vegetation species; however, density slicing of multi-temporal imagery produced classes based on seasonal variation in water regime and vegetation status that are useful for reconnaissance mapping and for examining variability in previously mapped units. Satellite imagery is unlikely to replace aerial photography for detailed mapping of wetland vegetation types, particularly where ecological gradients are steep, as in many riverine systems. However, it has much to offer in monitoring changes in water regime and in reconnaissance mapping at regional scales.

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24

Woehler, Eric J., and Martin J. Riddle. "Spatial relationships of Adélie penguin colonies: implications for assessing population changes from remote imagery." Antarctic Science 10, no. 4 (December 1998): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102098000546.

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The relationship between colony area and population density of Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae was examined to determine whether colony area, measured from aerial or satellite imagery, could be used to estimate population density, and hence detect changes in populations over time. Using maps drawn from vertical aerial photographs of Adélie penguin colonies in the Mawson region, pair density ranged between 0.1 and 3.1 pairs m−2, with a mean of 0.63 ± 0.3 pairs m−2. Colony area explained 96.4% of the variance in colony populations (range 90.4–99.6%) for 979 colonies at Mawson. Mean densities were not significantly different among the 19 islands in the region, but significant differences in mean pair density were observed among colonies in Mawson, Whitney Point (Casey, East Antarctica) and Cape Crozier (Ross Sea) populations. The relationship between colony area and population may be locality-and/or species-specific, and a robust data set is required to validate the relationship.

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25

Salvatore, Maria Cristina. "Geomorphological sketch map of the Fossil Bluff area (Alexander Island, Antarctica) mapped from aerial photographs." Antarctic Science 13, no. 1 (March 2001): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102001000116.

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A geomorphological sketch map of the Fossil Bluff area, showing the main morphological characteristics was prepared from aerial photographs taken by the British Antarctic Survey in 1995. Landforms and deposits mapped include those related to glaciers and the local hydrography, periglacial and nival activity, and wind and gravity action. Data mapped originally at a scale of 1:12 500 and simplified for presentation here at a scale of about 1:30 000, have been digitized as vectors using a GIS. In this way these data may easily be integrated with other environmental data for future research.

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26

Kataoka, Tomoya, Cathryn Clarke Murray, and Atsuhiko Isobe. "Quantification of marine macro-debris abundance around Vancouver Island, Canada, based on archived aerial photographs processed by projective transformation." Marine Pollution Bulletin 132 (July 2018): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.060.

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27

Kumbier, Kristian, Rafael C. Carvalho, Athanasios T. Vafeidis, and Colin D. Woodroffe. "Comparing static and dynamic flood models in estuarine environments: a case study from south-east Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 6 (2019): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18239.

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Static and dynamic flood models differ substantially in their complexity and their ability to represent environmental processes such as storm tide or riverine flooding. This study analysed spatial differences in flood extent between static (bathtub) and dynamic flood models (Delft3D) in estuarine environments with different morphology and hydrodynamics in order to investigate which approach is most suitable to map flooding due to storm surges and river discharge in estuarine environments. Time series of observed water levels and river discharge measurements were used to force model boundaries. Observational data, such as tidal gauge and water level logger measurements, satellite imagery and aerial photography, were used to validate modelling results. Flood extents were calculated including and excluding river discharge to quantify and investigate its effect on the mapping of flooding. Modelling results indicate that the mature estuarine system, which has largely infilled broad flood plains, requires a consideration of bottom friction and riverine discharge through dynamic modelling techniques, whereas static models may provide an alternative approach to map flooding at low cost and low computational expense in young lake-like estuarine systems that have not been infilled with sediments. Our results suggest that estuarine classifications based on geomorphological characteristics can potentially guide flood risk assessments in estuarine environments.

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28

Coles, RG, WJ Lee Long, RA Watson, and KJ Derbyshire. "Distribution of seagrasses, and their fish and penaeid prawn communities, in Cairns harbour, a tropical estuary, Northern Queensland, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 1 (1993): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930193.

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From aerial photography (July 1987) and diving surveys (February 1988), 876 ha of seagrasses (eight species) were mapped in Cairns Harbour, tropical north-eastern Queensland. Zostera capricorni was the most common seagrass species and had the greatest biomass at 79 g m-2 dry weight of stems and leaves and 180 g m-2 dry weight of roots and rhizomes. The maximum shoot density found was 4798 shoots m-2 of Halodule pinifolia, the second most common species. Seagrasses were found only between 0.5 and 5.0 m below mean sea level. Zostera capricorni was found at the shallowest depths, Halodule pinifolia at the deepest depths. Twenty species of penaeid prawns, nine of which are marketed commercially, were sampled from the seagrass beds. Abundances of prawns of commercial species were significantly greater on seagrass-covered substrata than on nonvegetated substrata. Overall, 5614 mostly small or juvenile fish, representing 134 taxa, were sampled from seagrasses in Cairns Harbour. The most numerous fish species were a goby, Yongeichthys criniger, and a pony fish, Leiognathus splendens. Only 15 species were highly valued as recreational fish, and only 11 species were highly valued as commercial fish. Of the fish species, five (4%) were highly valued species of both groups. The density of fish on the seagrass beds was estimated to be 8809 fish ha-1.

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29

Manson, F. J., N. R. Loneragan, and S. R. Phinn. "Spatial and temporal variation in distribution of mangroves in Moreton Bay, subtropical Australia: a comparison of pattern metrics and change detection analyses based on aerial photographs." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 57, no. 4 (July 2003): 653–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7714(02)00405-5.

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30

Arnaud, Yves, Frédéric Muller, Mathias Vuille, and Pierre Ribstein. "El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence on a Sajama volcano glacier (Bolivia) from 1963 to 1998 as seen from Landsat data and aerial photography." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 106, no. D16 (August 1, 2001): 17773–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001jd900198.

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31

BORG, J. A., A. A. ROWDEN, M. J. ATTRILL, P. J. SCHEMBRI, and M. B. JONES. "Occurrence and distribution of different bed types of seagrass Posidonia oceanica around the Maltese Islands." Mediterranean Marine Science 10, no. 2 (December 2, 2009): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.108.

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The small-scale distribution of Posidonia oceanica bed types were mapped at four locations off the northern coast of the Maltese Islands, using aerial photography supplemented by surveys using SCUBA diving. Results showed a similar pattern of occurrence of the seagrass at all locations surveyed. In shallow waters (2 m – 4 m), P. oceanicaoccurred as patches of variable size on a rocky and/or sandy substratum. In deeper waters (5 m – 10 m), the patches of seagrass were often replaced by reticulate beds consisting of P. oceanicainterspersed with areas of bare sand. Deeper still (11 m – 13 m), a transition from reticulate to continuous beds occurred. Continuous beds extended to depths of around 25 - 30 m and eventually became reticulate or patchy in deeper waters (>25 m). Values of total seagrass percentage cover increased, while the ratio of fragmented:continuous bed cover decreased for the four study locations on moving southwards (Ramla Bay to St Thomas Bay), indicating that P. oceanica habitat was more abundant and less fragmented in the south-eastern parts of the Maltese Islands. However, values calculated using an exposure index did not did indicate a relationship between exposure and the observed decease in fragmentation of seagrass beds on moving northwest to southwest along the north-eastern coast. Data from the four sites surveyed, together with data from other surveys, were used to show the large-scale distribution of P. oceanica beds around the Maltese Islands. The implications of the study findings for the conservation and management of P. oceanica habitat around the Maltese Islands are discussed.

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32

Blasco, F., T. Gauquelin, M. Rasolofoharinoro, J. Denis, M. Aizpuru, and V. Caldairou. "Recent advances in mangrove studies using remote sensing data." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 4 (1998): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97153.

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This paper summarizes present capabilities in studying mangrove vegetation from space. There is no standard image processing method that can be applied for the identification and delineation of coastal ecosystems. From a spectral point of view, it is practically impossible to characterize each of the sixty species of trees and shrubs that constitute the mangroves of the world. Nevertheless, some possibilities exist to map at global and at local scales mangrove areas from satellite products, combining several space data sets, interpretation of aerial photographs and ground surveys. The monitoring of mangroves can be considered as operational at a local level using remote sensing techniques, whereas monitoring of these ecosystems at global or at regional levels has not yet been achieved.

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Jones, J., P. E. R. Dale, A. L. Chandica, and M. J. Breitfuss. "Changes in the distribution of the grey mangrove Avicennia marina (Forsk.) using large scale aerial color infrared photographs: are the changes related to habitat modification for mosquito control?" Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 61, no. 1 (September 2004): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2004.04.002.

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34

Krebs, Kim A., and Mark C. G. Mabin. "Distribution, activity and characteristics of the alpine-type glaciers of northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica." Antarctic Science 9, no. 3 (September 1997): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102097000394.

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Alpine-type valley and cirque glaciers occur in many massifs in the northern Prince Charles Mountains. A total of forty-seven glaciers have been investigated using maps and aerial photographs, and in the summer of 1991–92 seventeen of these were examined in the field. The distribution of these glaciers and their present-day snowline line altitudes appear to be influenced by their location with respect to snow-bearing winds, particularly the summer winds that bring moisture from the open waters of Prydz Bay. Moraine morphologies indicate that these glaciers advance and retreat out-of-phase with the larger ice sheet outlet glaciers. During the last glacial maximum the alpine-type glaciers retreated while the ice sheet outlet glaciers showed a minor expansion. This is believed to be due to the alpine-type glaciers being starved of snowfall as the expanded last glacial maximum sea-ice cover around the continent would have removed their maritime moisture sources. Recent contrasts in the behaviour of the alpine glaciers may reflect changes in summer sea ice extent in Prydz Bay.

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35

Eyton, J. Ronald. "Student Aerial Photography." Geocarto International 20, no. 4 (December 2005): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106040508542366.

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36

BONACORSI, M., C. PERGENT-MARTINI, N. BREAND, and G. PERGENT. "Is Posidonia oceanica regression a general feature in the Mediterranean Sea?" Mediterranean Marine Science 14, no. 1 (March 22, 2013): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.334.

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Over the last few years, a widespread regression of Posidonia oceanica meadows has been noticed in the Mediterranean Sea. However, the magnitude of this decline is still debated. The objectives of this study are (i) to assess the spatio-temporal evolution of Posidonia oceanica around Cap Corse (Corsica) over time comparing available ancient maps (from 1960) with a new (2011) detailed map realized combining different techniques (aerial photographs, SSS, ROV, scuba diving); (ii) evaluate the reliability of ancient maps; (iii) discuss observed regression of the meadows in relation to human pressure along the 110 km of coast. Thus, the comparison with previous data shows that, apart from sites clearly identified with the actual evolution, there is a relative stability of the surfaces occupied by the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. The recorded differences seem more related to changes in mapping techniques. These results confirm that in areas characterized by a moderate anthropogenic impact, the Posidonia oceanica meadow has no significant regression and that the changes due to the evolution of mapping techniques are not negligible. However, others facts should be taken into account before extrapolating to the Mediterranean Sea (e.g. actually mapped surfaces) and assessing the amplitude of the actual regression.

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Kirby, R. P. "Small format aerial photography." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 51, no. 6 (December 1996): 316–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-2716(96)00032-9.

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Mauelshagen, L. "LOW ALTITUDE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." Photogrammetric Record 12, no. 68 (August 26, 2006): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1986.tb00561.x.

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Rieke-Zapp, Dirk. "Small-Format Aerial Photography." Photogrammetric Record 26, no. 134 (June 2011): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.2011.00637_2.x.

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Ruzgienė, Birutė. "REQUIREMENTS FOR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." Geodesy and cartography 30, no. 3 (August 3, 2012): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921541.2004.9636646.

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The photogrammetric mapping process at the first stage requires planning of aerial photography. Aerial photographs quality depends on the successfull photographic mission specified by requirements that meet not only Lithuanian needs, but also the requirements of the European Union. For such a purpose the detailed specifications for aerial photographic mission for mapping urban territories at a large scale are investigated. The aerial photography parameters and requirements for flight planning, photographic strips, overlaps, aerial camera and film are outlined. The scale of photography, flying height and method for photogrammetric mapping is foreseen as well as tolerances of photographs tilt and swings round (yaw) are presented. Digital camera based on CCD sensors and on-board GPS is greatly appreciated in present-day technologies undertaking aerial mission.

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Haug, Tore, Garry B. Stenson, Peter J. Corkeron, and Kjell T. Nilssen. "Estimation of harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) pup production in the North Atlantic completed: results from surveys in the Greenland Sea in 2002." ICES Journal of Marine Science 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.07.005.

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Abstract From 14 March to 6 April 2002 aerial surveys were carried out in the Greenland Sea pack ice (referred to as the “West Ice”), to assess the pup production of the Greenland Sea population of harp seals, Pagophilus groenlandicus. One fixed-wing twin-engined aircraft was used for reconnaissance flights and photographic strip transect surveys of the whelping patches once they had been located and identified. A helicopter assisted in the reconnaissance flights, and was used subsequently to fly visual strip transect surveys over the whelping patches. The helicopter was also used to collect data for estimating the distribution of births over time. Three harp seal breeding patches (A, B, and C) were located and surveyed either visually or photographically. Results from the staging flights suggest that the majority of harp seal females in the Greenland Sea whelped between 16 and 21 March. The calculated temporal distribution of births were used to correct the estimates obtained for Patch B. No correction was considered necessary for Patch A. No staging was performed in Patch C; the estimate obtained for this patch may, therefore, be slightly negatively biased. The total estimate of pup production, including the visual survey of Patch A, both visual and photographic surveys of Patch B, and photographic survey of Patch C, was 98 500 (s.e. = 16 800), giving a coefficient of variation of 17.9% for the survey. Adding the obtained Greenland Sea pup production estimate to recent estimates obtained using similar methods in the Northwest Atlantic (in 1999) and in the Barents Sea/White Sea (in 2002), it appears that the entire North Atlantic harp seal pup production, as determined at the turn of the century, is at least 1.4 million animals per year.

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Büttger, Heike, Georg Nehls, and Penny Stoddard. "The history of intertidal blue mussel beds in the North Frisian Wadden Sea in the 20th century: Can we define reference conditions for conservation targets by analysing aerial photographs?" Journal of Sea Research 87 (March 2014): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2013.12.001.

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Aber, James S., Susan W. Aber, Juraj Janočko, Ryszard Zabielski, and Maria Górska-Zabielska. "High-altitude kite aerial photography." Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 111, no. 1 & 2 (April 2008): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1660/0022-8443(2008)111[49:hkap]2.0.co;2.

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Siejka, Z., and R. Mielimąka. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 2015, no. 81 (July 10, 2015): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2015.01.005.

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Paziаk, M. V., and F. D. Zablotskyi. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 2015, no. 81 (July 10, 2015): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2015.01.016.

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Тretyak, К. R., and K. B. Smolii. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 2015, no. 81 (July 10, 2015): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2015.01.025.

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Marchenko, A. N., and A. N. Lopushanskyy. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 2015, no. 81 (July 10, 2015): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2015.01.046.

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Lityns’kyy, V., A. Vivat, S. Periy, and S. Lityns’kyy. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 2015, no. 81 (July 10, 2015): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2015.01.059.

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Melnyk, V. M., V. L. Rasiun, and N. V. Lavrenchuk. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 2015, no. 81 (July 10, 2015): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2015.01.066.

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Riabchii,, V. A., and V. V. Riabchii. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 2015, no. 81 (July 10, 2015): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2015.01.074.

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