Academic literature on the topic 'Aerial photography in regional planning'
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Journal articles on the topic "Aerial photography in regional planning"
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Holovachov, Vitalii, and Volodymyr Shypulin. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 96,2022, no. 96 (December 2022): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.96.044.
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It has been proven that the transformational processes taking place in Ukraine are related to the deepening of crisis phenomena in the economic sphere, the slowdown of the main indicators of regional development, the impact of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, and military operations. In such conditions, it is necessary to rethink approaches to ensure the efficiency of the functioning of regions by improving the system of land resources management, as the main factors of their development. At the same time, the modern European experience of land administration and information provision of the formation and use of real estate based on the application of the multi-purpose cadastre is considered. The aim of this work – to develop scientifically based recommendations for the formation of a multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were completed: determination of the multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level; identification of factors affecting the formation of a multi-purpose cadastre; presentation of the results of mathematical modelling of the factors of formation of the multi-purpose cadastre; the formation of geo-information support of a multi-purpose cadastre. Method. To obtain research results, special methods are used: structural and content analysis - to form a conceptual apparatus for defining a multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level; analytical and methods of expert analysis - to determine the spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental factors of the information support of the multi-purpose cadastre; analysis of hierarchies - to determine the weighting factors characterizing the mutual influence of indicators of information provision of the multi-purpose cadastre; mathematical modelling - for the development of models that determine the impact of spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental factors on the integral indicator of information provision of the multi-purpose cadastre; correlation-regression analysis - to establish the influence of the integral indicator of information provision of the multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level on the gross regional product; of geo-information analysis - for the development of geo-information support of the multi-purpose cadastre. Scientific novelty and practical significance. An integral indicator for assessing the level of information provision of the multi-purpose cadastre is proposed, which is determined based on spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental factors, which allows forming the information basis for the development of scientifically based recommendations for the creation and implementation of the multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level. The concept of "multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level" was defined, which considers the totality of spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental support, which allowed to build a multi-level information system for the formation of a quantitative basis of real estate management at the regional level. The method of integral assessment of the level of information support of the multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level is characterized, which is based on a multi-level system of factors, methods of assessment of analytical and qualitative indicators, analysis of hierarchies, local, generalizing and integral models, which made it possible to carry out mathematical modelling of these factors, to form geo-information support for adoption reasoned decisions in the field of real estate management. The results of mathematical modelling of the processes of development of information support of a multi-purpose cadastre based on the establishment of relationships between system factors and an integral indicator by applying the method of correlation-regression analysis are presented, which makes it possible to build predictive models and establish trends in the formation and use of real estate at the regional level, taking into account the spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental support. Scientifically based recommendations for the development and implementation of a multi-purpose cadastre were proposed based on the results of their level assessment and modelling, which made it possible to single out directions for increasing the level of information provision and application of the multi-purpose cadastre for increasing the efficiency of real estate use at the regional level [Ноlovachov et al., 2022; Ноlovachov, 2022].
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Piekielek, Nathan. "A semi-automated workflow for processing historic aerial photography." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-299-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Libraries, museums and archives were the original big geospatial information repositories that to this day house thousands to millions of resources containing research-quality geographic information. However, these print resources (and their digital surrogates), are not easily incorporated into the contemporary research process because they are not structured data that is required of web-mapping and geographic information system tools. Fortunately, contemporary big data tools and methods can help with the large-scale conversion of historic resources into structured datasets for mapping and spatial analysis.</p><p>Single frame historic aerial photographs captured originally on film (hereafter “photographs”), are some of the most ubiquitous and information-rich geographic information resources housed in libraries, museums and archives. Photographs authentically encoded information about past places and time-periods without the thematic focus and cartographic generalization of historic print maps. As such, they contain important information in nearly every category of base mapping (i.e. transportation networks, populated places etc.), that is useful to a broad spectrum of research projects and other applications. Photographs are also some of the most frustrating historic resources to use due to their very large map-scale (i.e. small geographic area), lack of reference information and often unknown metadata (i.e. index map, flight altitude, direction etc.).</p><p>The capture of aerial photographs in the contiguous United States (U.S.) became common in the 1920s and was formalized in government programs to systematically photograph the nation at regular time intervals beginning in the 1930s. Many of these photography programs continued until the 1990s meaning that there are approximately 70 years of “data” available for the U.S. that is currently underutilized due to inaccessibility and the challenges of converting photographs to structured data. Large collections of photographs include government (e.g. the U.S. Department of Agriculture Aerial Photography Field Office “The Vault” – over 10 million photographs), educational (e.g. the University of California Santa Barbara Library – approximately 2.5 million photographs), and an unknown number non-governmental organizations (e.g. numerous regional planning commissions and watershed conservation groups). Collectively these photography resources constitute an untapped big geospatial data resource.</p><p>U.S. government photography programs such as the National Agricultural Imagery Program continued and expanded in the digital age (i.e. post early 2000s), so that not only is there opportunity to extend spatial analyses back in time, but also to create seamless datasets that integrate with current and expected future government aerial photography campaigns. What is more, satellite imagery sensors have improved to the point that there is now overlap between satellite imagery and aerial photography in terms of many of their technical specifications (i.e. spatial resolution etc.). The remote capture of land surface imagery is expanding rapidly and with it are new opportunities to explore long-term land-change analyses that require historical datasets.</p><p>Manual methods to process photographs are well-known, but are too labour intensive to apply to entire photography collections. Academic research on methods to increase the discoverability of photographs and convert them to geospatial data at large-scale has to date been limited (although see the work of W. Karel et al.). This presentation details a semi-automated workflow to process historic aerial photographs from U.S. government sources and compares the workflow and results to existing methods and datasets. In a pilot test area of 94 photographs in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, the workflow was found to be nearly 100-times more efficient than commonly employed alternatives while achieving greater horizontal positional accuracy. Results compared favourably to contemporary digital aerial photography data products, suggesting that they are well-suited for integration with contemporary datasets. Finally, initial results of the workflow were incorporated into several existing online discovery and sharing platforms that will be highlighted in this presentation. Early online usage statistics as well as direct interaction with users demonstrates the broad interest and high-impact of photographs and their derived products (i.e. structured geospatial data).</p>
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Putri, Klarissa Ardilia, and Mahendra Andiek Maulana. "3D Building Visualization Using LOD1 Level Lidar and Orthophoto Data (Case Study: Jalan Tambak Mayor Surabaya)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1276, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1276/1/012042.
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Abstract Surabaya is the second largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta, with a population of more than 2.8 million people. As the second largest city after Jakarta, of course Surabaya is classified as a city with a high population and building density. With this high level of building density, it is necessary to carry out good regional planning. Good regional planning is an important tool in creating cities and regions that are sustainable, environmentally friendly and provide a high quality of life for their residents. It also helps in addressing complex urban challenges and ensuring wise use of resources. Currently, various methods and technologies have developed that make it easier for the government to carry out regional planning. One method that can be used is to carry out 3D city modeling. Three-dimensional (3D) modeling is a technique used to create a digital model of an object or environment in three dimensions, using computer software capable of producing 3D images based on the data provided. Three-dimensional modeling for buildings with LOD1 level utilizes data obtained from field surveys, remote sensing and numerical modeling. Through this research, 3D city modeling was carried out using LiDAR data and aerial photography to analyze the condition of buildings in the Jalan Tambak Mayor area. This approach uses a 3D city model as the basis for analysis using ArcGISPro software. In this research, data updating will be conducted, which involves directly capturing aerial photographs in the field, as the existing aerial photograph data is from 2016 and needs to be renewed. Based on the resulting modeling, the results of 3-dimensional building modeling are shown on a map which is classified into 5 classes with a building height range between 0 - 46 meters.
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Moravánszky, Ákos. "Blow-Up: The Powers of Scale." Joelho Revista de Cultura Arquitectonica, no. 8 (December 26, 2017): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8681_8_1.
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During the decades following World War II, efforts were made to connect the rhetoric of the human scale with that of a superhuman, geographic or territorial scale. Aerial photography has opened up an all-encompassing view of the universe, presented in scalar sequences as the visual foundation for a new humanity. In the US, the large-scale regional project of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). Attempts at integrating ecological, engineering, landscaping, architectural, and aesthetic concerns to realize a socio-economical vision were followed with enormous interest in Europe – before and after the war, in both West and East – and applauded by different political systems. Images popularizing the success of five-year plans and the heroism of nature transformation in the Soviet Union were also omnipresent themes in Western Europe. Ideas of transnational planning emerged in Europe shortly before the postwar continent was divided between the world powers. After the political partitioning of Europe into blocs, however, such plans had to be buried.
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Pasaribu, Yosua Adrian. "PENATAAN RUANG DALAM RANGKA PELESTARIAN KAWASAN CAGAR BUDAYA: KAJIAN KOTA KUNO BANTEN LAMA." KALPATARU 28, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/kpt.v28i2.577.
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Abstract The old city of Banten Lama was an international port city developed in the 16-18th century AD. This old city, which once was the capital city of one of Indonesian Great Kingdom who has an ambassador in the Great Britain, can still be reconstructed based on the trace of monuments left scattered on the site at Kasemen District, Serang City. The preservation planning of this cultural heritage of an ancient city fits with the regional planning. Problems with this region heritage are the proximity between heritages and houses or shops and destructive activities. The data of spatial problems has never been mapped with a measured method. Spatial planning in this heritage area was done by aerial photography mapping. This paper reviews the use of the aerial photography method in planning for the preservation of space for cultural heritage areas. This method shows the existing condition of heritage buildings and sites that have proximity with houses, roads, and shops. This study shows that the preservation of the ancient city of Banten Lama can be done by providing substitutes for green open spaces for people who have been using cultural heritage sites for general recreational purposes, encouraging the development of settlements outside cultural heritage areas, and involving the community in community empowerment in the use of cultural heritage in harmony with preservation.Keywords: Banten Lama, Cultural Heritage Area Preservation, Spatial Planning, Indonesia Abstrak Kota Kuno Banten Lama merupakan kota pelabuhan internasional yang berkembang pada abad 16-18 M. Ibu kota kerajaan tradisional Indonesia yang memiliki duta besar di Inggris ini masih dapat direkonstruksi berdasarkan monumen-monumen yang tersebar di wilayah Kecamatan Kasemen, Kota Serang. Pelestarian kawasan kota kuno bersinggungan dengan penataan ruang di wilayah tersebut. Permasalahan dalam pelestarian situs dan bangunan cagar budaya di Banten adalah kedekatan jarak antara cagar budaya dengan permukiman atau pertokoan dan pemanfaatan yang tidak selaras dengan pelestarian. Data permasalahan keruangan tersebut belum pernah dipetakan dengan metode yang terukur. Tulisan ini mengulas mengenai penggunaan metode foto udara dalam perencanaan pelestarian ruang kawasan cagar budaya. Metode tersebut dapat memperlihatkan kondisi eksisting situs dan bangunan cagar budaya yang bersinggungan dengan permukiman, jalan, dan pertokoan. Kajian menunjukkan bahwa pelestarian kota kuno Banten Lama dapat dilakukan dengan menyediakan pengganti lapangan terbuka hijau bagi masyarakat yang selama ini menggunakan situs-situs cagar budaya sebagai sarana rekreasi umum, mendorong pembangunan permukiman di luar kawasan cagar budaya, dan melibatkan masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan cagar budaya yang selaras dengan pelestarian. Keywords: Banten Lama, pelestarian kawasan cagar budaya, perencanaan tata ruang, Indonesia
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Jiménez, Víctor, José-Manuel Sánchez, and Juan-Ignacio Rengifo. "A New Residential Role for the Rural Environment in Extremadura, Spain." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020435.
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European rural spaces are assuming a new residential role. In some such as Extremadura (Spain), the low population density and the practice of an extensive primary sector has allowed the survival of large areas and natural spaces that are desirable for urbanites. The residential growth caused by economic changes and tourist attractiveness has generated a new paradigm in which recreational use competes with agricultural and livestock use (until now the sustenance of the local economy). To record this change, it is essential to spatially determine what the rural environment means in this specific regional context and quantify the number of new existing homes. First, we resorted to the future competent legislation (born of experience and local knowledge) and territorial and urban planning, while second, we used the potentiality of all of the available free series of orthophotography and aerial photography including other tools such as Google Street View. This methodological process led us to discover a recent and important advancement of the recreational residential function. On balance, the data showed that recreational residential use is a leading actor in the change of the landscape and productive model of rural areas.
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Cotsell, Nigel, Mark Fisher, David Scotts, and Mark Cameron. "Identifying High Value Arboreal Habitat in forested areas using high-resolution digital imagery." Pacific Conservation Biology 22, no. 4 (2016): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc15031.
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Old-growth forest is recognised as a high-value habitat in conservation assessment programs because of its importance to hollow-dependent species. Previous mapping undertaken at regional scales does not map patches of old forest smaller than 5 ha. While small patches of old forest may not be as ecologically important as large areas they provide opportunities for connectivity and specific habitat resources for arboreal wildlife within a broader landscape matrix. Previously, smaller patches of old forest have been overlooked because the tools have not been available to map at finer scales. This study incorporates a methodology using recent advances in technology, including aerial photography, to map old forest at a fine scale for the purposes of land-use assessment and planning. The term ‘High Value Arboreal Habitat’ is introduced to convey the ecological importance of hollow-bearing trees as part of a wider identification and mapping of high-value habitats across the landscape. The assessment was undertaken across the forested areas of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area using high-resolution digital imagery. It is anticipated that the High Value Arboreal Habitat mapping process will be adopted by a range of stakeholders and natural resource managers to better manage and conserve these old forests across the landscape whatever their size.
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Sharon, Matty, Amir Sagy, Ittai Kurzon, Shmuel Marco, and Marcelo Rosensaft. "Assessment of seismic sources and capable faults through hierarchic tectonic criteria: implications for seismic hazard in the Levant." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-125-2020.
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Abstract. We present a methodology for mapping faults that constitute a potential hazard to structures, with an emphasis on ground shake hazards and on surface rupture nearby critical facilities such as dams and nuclear power plants. The methodology categorises faults by hierarchic seismo-tectonic criteria, which are designed according to the degree of certainty for recent activity and the accessibility of the information within a given region. First, the instrumental seismicity is statistically processed to obtain the gridded seismicity of the earthquake density and the seismic moment density parameters. Their spatial distribution reveals the zones of the seismic sources, within the examined period. We combine these results with geodetic and pre-instrumental slip rates, historical earthquake data, geological maps and aerial photography to define and categorise faults that are likely to generate significant earthquakes (M≥6.0). Their mapping is fundamental for seismo-tectonic modelling and for probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHAs). In addition, for surface rupture hazard, we create a database and a map of Quaternary capable faults by developing criteria according to the regional stratigraphy and the tectonic configuration. The relationship between seismicity, slip dynamics and fault activity through time is an intrinsic result of our analysis that allows revealing the dynamic of the deformation in the region. The presented methodology expands the ability to differentiate between subgroups for planning or maintenance of different constructions or for research aims, and it can be applied in other regions.
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Cao, Xiaoqin, Ziming Liu, Chenlin Hu, Xiaolong Song, Jonathan Atuquaye Quaye, and Ning Lu. "Three-Dimensional Geological Modelling in Earth Science Research: An In-Depth Review and Perspective Analysis." Minerals 14, no. 7 (June 29, 2024): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14070686.
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This study examines the development trajectory and current trends of three-dimensional (3D) geological modelling. In recent years, due to the rising global energy demand and the increasing frequency of regional geological disasters, significant progress has been made in this field. The purpose of this study is to clarify the potential complexity of 3D geological modelling, identify persistent challenges, and propose potential avenues for improvement. The main objectives include simplifying the modelling process, improving model accuracy, integrating different data sources, and quantitatively evaluating model parameters. This study integrates global research in this field, focusing on the latest breakthroughs and applications in mineral exploration, engineering geology, geological disaster assessment, and military geosciences. For example, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tilt photography technology, multisource data fusion, 3D geological modelling method based on machine learning, etc. By identifying areas for improvement and making recommendations, this work aims to provide valuable insights to guide the future development of geological modelling toward a more comprehensive and accurate “Transparent Earth”. This review underscores the global applications of 3D geological modelling, highlighting its crucial role across various sectors such as mineral exploration, the oil and gas industry, urban planning, geological hazard assessment, and geoscientific research. The review emphasizes the sector-specific importance of this technology in enhancing modelling accuracy and efficiency, optimizing resource management, driving technological innovation, and improving disaster response capabilities. These insights provide a comprehensive understanding of how 3D geological modelling can significantly impact and benefit multiple industries worldwide.
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Rohde, R. F., and M. T. Hoffman. "One Hundred Years of Separation: The Historical Ecology of a South African ‘Coloured Reserve’." Africa 78, no. 2 (May 2008): 189–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0001972008000132.
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During the twentieth century, the 20,000 hectares commons surrounding the village of Paulshoek as well as the neighbouring privately-owned farms have been significantly influenced by evolving land-use practices driven largely by socio-economic and political change in the broader Namaqualand and South African region. Land-use practices in the communal lands of Namaqualand were based initially on transhumant pastoralism, then on extensive dryland cropping associated with livestock production under restricted mobility, and more recently on a sedentarized labour reserve where agricultural production now forms a minor part of the local economy. For the first half of the twentieth century, farmers on communal and privately-owned farms shared similar transhumant pastoral practices and both moved across unfenced farm boundaries. By the middle of the century, however, fence-lines were established and commercial farming on privately-owned farms was increasingly managed according to rangeland science principles. As the population grew in the communal areas, families gravitated to new ‘service’ villages such as Paulshoek and became increasingly dependent on migrant labour and state welfare. While the majority of former croplands are now fallow, many of them for decades or more, communal livestock populations have remained relatively high, fluctuating with rainfall. The impact of this history of land use can be compared with that of neighbouring privately-owned farms where low stocking rates, coupled with a variety of state subsidies, have had a very different environmental outcome. This article charts the environmental transformations that have occurred in the area of Paulshoek as a direct result of the region's political history and the evolution of the regional economy. We present a variety of evidence drawn from archival sources, oral history, repeat aerial and ground photography, and detailed climate, cropping and livestock records to show that events far beyond the borders of Namaqualand's communal areas have had a profound influence on their environments.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aerial photography in regional planning"
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Meadows, P. L. "The applications of aerial photography, photogrammetry and photo-interpretation in the planning process." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33400.
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To date aerial photography and associated photogrammetric and photo-interpretation techniques have played but a limited role in the planning process. In this study their dual role (i) as a base medium and (ii) as a source of data is investigated bearing in mind the requirements of planning data and certain inherent defects of conventional maps in the planning process. Having considered certain pertinent technical aspects of aerial photography and associated techniques, especially modern developments such as orthophotos, use of multi-emulsion photography, automated data extraction and automated data processing techniques, the application of these techniques is discussed in greater detail in respect of the dual role mentioned earlier. Aerial photographs are shown to be of considerable value to the planner as an analytic tool and a powerful source of data when dealing with such topics as feasibility studies, land use, resource surveys, urban and regional research and analysis, urban history, urban and rural administration, site evaluation, transportation and other. branches of engineering, urban sociology and economics, as well as urban aesthetics. Aerial photographic data adequately meets the data requirements of the planning process and furthermore lends itself to modern automatic data processing methods. The modern improved forms of photography, i.e. photomaps, orthophotos, etc. have definite advantages over conventional maps insofar as a base medium in planning is concerned, and the wider use of aerial photographs and products is anticipated when planners become more aware of their universal application and versatility.
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Holmström, Hampus. "Data acquisition for forestry planning by remote sensing based sample plot imputation /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6086-7.pdf.
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Kelly, Michael A. "Spatial association in archaeology. Development of statistical methodologies and computer techniques for spatial association of surface, lattice and point processes, applied to prehistoric evidence in North Yorkshire and to the Heslerton Romano-British site." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4397.
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The thesis investigates the concepts of archaeological spatial
association within the context of both site and regional data sets.
The techniques of geophysical surveying, surface distribution
collection and aerial photography are described and discussed.
Several new developments of technique are presented as well as a
detailed discussion of the problems of data presentation and
analysis.
The quantitative relationships between these data sets are
explored by modelling them as operands and describing association in
terms of operators. Both local and global measures of association
are considered with a discussion as to their relative merits.
Methods for the spatial association of regional lattice and point
processes are developed. A detailed discussion of distance based
spatial analysis techniques is presented.
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Kelly, Michael Anthony. "Spatial association in archaeology : development of statistical methodologies and computer techniques for spatial association of surface, lattice and point processes, applied to prehistoric evidence in North Yorkshire and to the Heslerton Romano-British site." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4397.
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The thesis investigates the concepts of archaeological spatial association within the context of both site and regional data sets. The techniques of geophysical surveying, surface distribution collection and aerial photography are described and discussed. Several new developments of technique are presented as well as a detailed discussion of the problems of data presentation and analysis. The quantitative relationships between these data sets are explored by modelling them as operands and describing association in terms of operators. Both local and global measures of association are considered with a discussion as to their relative merits. Methods for the spatial association of regional lattice and point processes are developed. A detailed discussion of distance based spatial analysis techniques is presented.
Books on the topic "Aerial photography in regional planning"
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Antonio, Arrighi, Veneto (Italy) Ufficio cartografico, and Veneto (Italy) Giunta regionale, eds. Repertorio aerofotogrammetrico del Veneto. [Venezia]: Regione del Veneto, 2002.
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Consultants, Sinotech Engineering. Preliminary aerial photograph interpretation report for WPP/SKP/ IV/C, D, J Singkawang. Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: Sinotech Field Office, 1985.
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F, Dureau, and O.R.S.T.O.M. (Agency : France), eds. Sondages aréolaires sur image satellite pour des enquêtes socio-démographiques en milieu urbain: Manuel de formation. Paris: Editions de l'ORSTOM, 1989.
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Seminar, on Operational Use of Satellite Images in Development Planning (1988 Gaborone Botswana). Report on the Seminar on Operational Use of Satellite Images in Development Planning: Gaborone, Botswana, January 26-28, 1988. Maseru: Ministry of Agriculture and Marketing, 1988.
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Stephens, Richard B. Using drones in planning practice. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association, 2020.
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Peiró, Juan Bautista, and Juan Fco Juliá Igual. Urbscapes: Espais d'hibridació. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2010.
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Cialoni, Donatella. Roma nel XX secolo: Fotocronaca dal cielo di una città in trasformazione. Roma: Kappa, 2006.
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translator, Murariu Mihai, ed. Somewhere over the square. Bucharest: Peter Pan ART, 2020.
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Aschieri, Alberto. Architettura dell'antropogeografia: Gregotti associati international, 1969-2014 = The architecture of anthropogeography : Gregotti associati international, 1969-2014. Santarcangelo di Romagna (RN): Maggioli editore, 2018.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Aerial photography in regional planning"
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Ciciarelli, John A. "Project Layout and Planning." In A Practical Guide to Aerial Photography with an Introduction to Surveying, 129–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6503-7_8.
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Beani, Egle, Elisabetta Colucci, Luigi La Riccia, Andrea Maria Lingua, Paolo Felice Maschio, Francesca Matrone, Alberto Possa, and Ammj Traore. "The 3D Metric Survey for the Digital Cartographic Production to Support the Knowledge of the New Municipality of Mappano." In The Urban Book Series, 153–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33894-6_12.
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AbstractThe complexity of the territories and cities is the genesis of the need to carry out spatial analyses, simulations of complex phenomena and urban planning, requiring an evolution of very large-scale numerical cartography. The representation of cities has not to ignore some essential aspects as well as: the three-dimensionality of the land and all its natural and artificial objects, the multi-scale of geometric and descriptive information to allow different levels of detail and granularity according to the operational purposes, and the interoperability, which enable sharing of map data among various stakeholders and applications for complex analysis. The outcome resulted in the evolution of traditional cartography into numerical cartography toward new instruments and applications such as digital twins. They constitute a virtual replica of physical, potential, and actual resources equivalent to objects, processes, people, places, infrastructures, systems, and devices related to the city and the territory. The case study selected for this research is the recent municipality of Mappano, in the metropolitan city of Turin. The methodology consists of a semiautomatic extraction of cartographic information and geometry essential for defining a digital twin. It has been developed investigating the existing Piedmontese regional geoportal (BDTRE) datasets and data models, and the Geographic Information System (GIS) standard specification for 3D city models, CityGML, mainly considering the first three levels of detail (LoD). The methodology and the resulting spatial data application have been validated by in-loco surveys and digital tools in GIS environment. The starting base map entities derived from a high-resolution acquisition from drone photogrammetry (UAV, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, platforms have been adopted). The outputs of the aerial survey, orthophotos, and dense altimetric models (DTM, Digital Terrain Model and DSM, Digital Surface Model) were essential to extract various cartographic information.
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Aber, James S., Irene Marzolff, and Johannes B. Ries. "SFAP Survey Planning and Implementation." In Small-Format Aerial Photography, 119–37. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53260-2.10009-2.
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"Land-Use Planning." In Aerial Photography and Image Interpretation, 353–69. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118110997.ch18.
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Aber, James S., Irene Marzolff, Johannes B. Ries, and Susan E. W. Aber. "SFAP Survey Planning and Implementation." In Small-Format Aerial Photography and UAS Imagery, 141–61. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-812942-5.00009-4.
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"3. IMAG(IN)ING KUWAIT FROM ABOVE IN AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY, URBAN PLANNING, AND CARTOGRAPHY." In Iridescent Kuwait, 69–112. De Gruyter, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110714739-005.
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Bingley, Richard, and David Miles. "settlement, industry, infrastructure." In The Roman Era, 141–72. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198731931.003.0006.
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Abstract The purpose of this chapter is to take an overview of the broad geographical patterns of human occupation in the British Isles within the imperial province and beyond in North Britain, the broad environmental background, and the regional patterns of change from the end of the first millennium BC to the fifth century AD. In particular this chapter will consider the impact of social change (sometimes called ‘Romanization’) on the British Isles as a whole, using the results of environmental analysis, aerial photography, and recent field surveys and excavations.
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Brimhall, George H., John H. Dilles, and John M. Proffett. "The Role of Geologic Mapping in Mineral Exploration." In Wealth Creation in the Minerals Industry, 221–41. Society of Economic Geologists, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.12.11.
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Abstract Geologic mapping provides many types of information essential both in exploration for new mineral deposits and during subsequent mining. Geologic mapping of outcrops is used to describe the primary lithology and morphology of rock bodies as well as age relationships between rock units. This information allows delineation of ore-bearing host rocks and postore rocks that obscure or truncate ores. Mapping gathers structural information, including attitudes of veins and postore faults that can be used to predict the geology in the subsurface or laterally under postore rocks, and improves the utility of geophysical data for refinement of subsurface targets. Mapping of the mineralogy of hydrothermal alteration zones, ore minerals, igneous rocks hosting ores, and oxidized and leached rocks that commonly occur at the surface above sulfide-bearing ores can be used in conjunction with geochemical data to produce zonation patterns to target potential ore or to define prospective corridors of exotic mineralization. Similarly, regional geologic mapping in regions with both Paleozoic-Mesozoic overthrusts and Cenozoic normal faults such as the Paleozoic and Mesozoic thrust belt of the United States Cordillera and Basin and Range Province can define prospective windows into basement where mineralization such as Carlin-type gold deposits may occur. In general, geologic mapping underpins the construction of three-dimensional geologic models or hypotheses that guide exploration and discovery and, when geologic time is considered, produces the fourdimensional space-time models necessary for understanding of primary ore formation processes and postdepositional modification by secondary surficial and tectonic processes. Geologic mapping has been used extensively for exploration for more than 100 years and we predict it will continue to be essential although the tools for recording, compiling, and synthesizing data are evolving rapidly and improve data integration in the office and most recently in the field. Both traditional and future methods rely on field identification skills of the geologist to record salient new geologic data. This review describes the traditional paper- and pencil-based mapping system developed and used extensively by the Anaconda Company from 1900 to 1985 and, because of its versatility, adapted by many other geologists in industry and academia. This and similar systems allow geologically complex and diverse data to be recorded and plotted on a base map, including lithology, rock alteration and mineralization features, relative age relationships, and structural features such as faults and veins. Traditional paper-recorded geologic mapping data are now commonly converted to digital format in the office. We document use of mapping at different stages of the mine-life cycle from general regional-scale geologic mapping to regional- to district-scale exploration targeting, to deposit assessment and ore-reserve definition, through mine planning and production. Examples of mapping described herein include the Ann Mason porphyry copper deposit, Yerington district, Nevada; the Bajo de la Alumbrera mine; Argentina; the El Abra-Fortuna-Chuquicamata districts of Chile; and the Pioneer Mountains of Montana. Beyond the use of traditional paper-based mapping methods, recent technological advances include global positioning systems, pen tablet computers, palm computers, and laser ranging devices that all support direct (paperless) field-based digital geologic mapping. Improvements in computation speed, memory, data storage, battery life, durability, screen visibility, and portability have made digital mapping practical in general field mapping, mine sites, and advanced projects. Portable digital-electronic instrumentation allows the field geologist rapid access to digital data bases that include geologic maps and photographic and remotesensing imagery with automatic registration and scale independence. Another example described here, using digital mapping systems in the heavily forested portions of the Pioneer Mountains of Montana, shows how on-line GPS communicating directly to the pc tablet and digital orthophotographs made mapping sufficiently effective so as to discover a previously unknown granitic pluton with a concentric breccia zone. These new digital mapping tools may thus improve the efficiency of mapping and support a scientist in the field with unprecedented opportunities to map where field work has been difficult before. Visualization of geophysical or geochemical data together with geology and synoptic aerial imagery at any scale while mapping provides an integrated data base that facilitates identification of crucial geologic relationships. Digital techniques improve the potential for making conceptual leaps by exploring the available integrated data sets as a field geologist maps, and may in the future lead to more comprehensive three-dimensional geologic models for mineral deposits by effectively using information technology. The authors conclude that both paper and digital systems are powerful and each has certain advantages. However, the central challenge remains the training and nurturing of highly skilled field geologists motivated to practice their profession, welcoming both the rigors of intensive field work and the excitement of scientific discovery. It is surmised here that digital mapping technology may help attract an increasingly computer-literate cadre of new practitioners of mapping into mineral resource exploration.
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Javed, Sadaf, Ali Hassan, Rizwan Ahmad, Shams Qazi, Ahsan Saadat, and Waqas Ahmed. "The Role of Machine Learning in UAV-Assisted Communication." In Applications of Machine Learning in UAV Networks, 1–26. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0578-2.ch001.
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An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a pilotless aircraft that is capable of flying and maintaining altitude without the need for a human operator, offers more cost-efficient solutions, and can carry out even important tasks cost-effectively. UAVs can provide several benefits and a wide range of uses because of their mobility, versatility, and flexibility at different altitudes. Over recent years, UAV technology has gained significant attention in various fields, such as traffic management, surveillance, agriculture, wireless communication, delivering medicine, border monitoring, photography, infrastructure inspection, post-disaster operations, etc. Despite the many benefits of UAVs, there are also many challenges related to UAVs, such as path planning, mission planning, optimal deployment, decision-making, collision avoidance, security, energy management, etc. The main aim of this proposed book chapter is to exploit algorithms that can provide optimal deployment and path-planning solutions for UAVs based on machine learning (ML) techniques.
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Georgiou, Efthymios-Spyridon. "The Metropolitan Transformation of Ioannina City from 1940 to 2015." In GIS and Spatial Analysis [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105884.
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The chapter presents the urban and regional changes in the city of Ioannina, Greece. This city is located in the periphery of Epirus, which is in the western Balkans, Eastern Europe. The chapter examines, with the tools of aerial photos and QGIS software, the spatial transformation of Ioannina city from 1940 to 2015. Map science is a field through which the users could observe and compare maps from past to future. The plans and the planning were formed under the values, standards, and fundamentals of the mosaic of politics, good practices, urban rules, and citizen level. The urban space has already changed until nowadays. The chapter examines the reasons for urban politics and social–economic moments that became the epitome of these urban and regional changes. The results show the comparative spatial study from each historical period.
Conference papers on the topic "Aerial photography in regional planning"
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Chen, Gang, and Zhengwei Yao. "Aerial roaming aerial photography path planning based on areas of interest." In EITCE 2023: 2023 7th International Conference on Electronic Information Technology and Computer Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3650400.3650689.
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Spring, W., M. Hansen, and S. St Peter. "Stereographic Analysis of Aerial Photography Imagery for Arctic Development and Technology Planning." In OTC Arctic Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/22059-ms.
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Reed, William Payne, Nathan Lawyer, Nick Workman, Elijah Wince, Ben Figueras, and Mrinal Kumar. "Path Planning for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Enemy Territory." In 2023 Regional Student Conferences, Region I - North East. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-71849.
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Stelmakh, Dmytro, Oleksii Shutkevych, and Inna Shkurat. "Remote Inspection Of Kyiv Tv Based on the Application of Unmanned Aircraft (Uav) and the Photogrammetry Method." In International Young Scientists Conference on Materials Science and Surface Engineering. Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/msse2023.239.
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The utilization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with aerial photography and photogrammetry allows for the inspection of large structures, including TV towers. This approach enables remote measurement of defect sizes and locations, as well as identifying areas requiring further investigation by technical experts. It aids in planning repair and restoration procedures, preserving the durability and ensuring the safety of large-scale structures. The obtained data is valuable for enhancing the efficiency and safety of engineering structure inspections.
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Guerrero, Hugo, and Cameron Shankland. "Integrating Airborne Datasets Into the Design and Construction Planning Phases." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64338.
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Today, obtaining field information in traditional pipeline design workflows rely on the use of conventional aerial photography, mapping and field visits. As a Designer, Engineer or Project Manager, a field visit can answer many questions and perhaps be the key to achieving a sound, successful design and installation. While conventional aerial orthophotography and mapping is invaluable during the design, it lacks a dimension that allows you to visualize the right-of-way the way you would if you were there. The use of Airborne Video and Oblique Imagery is not intended to replace conventional aerial orthophotography or mapping, but augment its use by providing a rich visualization that, in conjunction with the planimetric data sets, can aid the project team immensely during the design and permitting phase of a project. Currently, there are Airborne Data services available serving the pipeline industry that contain custom tools that either integrate into GIS platforms or operate as stand-alone proprietary software. These tools aid designers, engineers and constructors navigate through the video without having to sit and watch the whole video. In addition, video can be geocoded to specific pipeline or right-of-way features, such as a valve sites or stream crossings. Some tools even allow you to take rough measurements from visible features like fences or roads. Having such a dataset enables project team members to revisit any location along the right-of-way as many times as required to get information to finalize a design, permit application or to estimate the cost of construction. As Project Managers, we regularly face having new team members join the project at all stages of the project. Having a video to hand to new team members reduces the time they will take to get on board and familiarize themselves with the right-of-way. It also reduces the amount of field trips required just for this purpose. Another great use of Airborne Datasets is to use it during a pre-bid conference and provide it to the contractors bidding on the job. On large pipeline projects, it is unfeasible and impractical to have the project management team tour the entire right-of-way during a job walk, and there is likely areas along the right-of-way that are not very accessible thus requiring a flyover to review it with others.
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Grigoriev, Gleb, Vladimir Gulin, Alexei Nikitin, Nikita Sivoy, Eugene Bondarev, Marat Islamuratov, Oksana Zakharova, Igor Karpov, Evgenii Liubimov, and Vladislav Votsalevskiy. "Integrated Droneborne Geophysics Application as a Tool for Exploration Optimization. Case Studies." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206250-ms.
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Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have a great potential for geological exploration optimization at all stages. This study considers UAV implementation at different exploration stage. Integrated approach using unmanned aerial systems shows great effectiveness based on the completed surveys. Low-depth electrical exploration using the shallow electrical exploration method is one of the possible UAVs technologies with great potential. In this study there are several cases describing main field data acquisition, models and cross-sections processing. Unmanned aerial systems are applicable at all stages of the oil and gas value chain and are already an integral part of oil&gas production process. Now there are more than 70 unmanned aerial systems application scenarios. The main advantages of drones are that the use of this operational data collection tool allows: – to reduce the duration of collecting geospatial data by 70%, and the cost by 3 times; – make the best decisions quickly; – to realize additional potential for increasing efficiency (application at all stages of the production chain) – increase the production processes safety level The most promising and actively developing areas of technology application are: Geophysical surveys at different stages of geological exploration. Drones have great potential for application in non-seismic exploration methods in the early stages of geological exploration. In addition, UAV surveys are suitable for planning geological exploration and working out the conceptual arrangement of the terrain. The presence of an accurate digital elevation model at the start of work of the project team makes it possible to remove a number of uncertainties and questions about conducting field work on seismic exploration, the placement of infrastructure and corridor communications. Objective control of the capital construction progress. Another important area of drones application is aerial photography at all stages of capital construction. With the help of UAVs, it is possible to control such parameters as the status and quality of construction and installation works, equipment of contractors, compliance with safety and environmental standards, and others. To do this, the unmanned vehicle flies around the object with a given regularity, filming it from different angles. After aerial photography, special software stitches the results into photogrammetric products (digital terrain model, orthophotomaps, 3D models) with an accuracy of 4–6 centimeters. On the constructed models, you can calculate the dynamics by one or another parameter. Operational fieldwork and intrastructure monitoring. At the same time, one of the key goals of technology application is the creation of a network of autonomous stations with drones at all assets for remote control of the company's production processes. The first step in this direction was the joint pilot testing of an automated take-off and landing station with an unmanned aerial vehicle of a multi-rotor type. The use of the station will reduce the time and cost of collecting data on capital construction and infrastructure. Project teams will be able to react faster to changes. An automated take-off and landing station allows the use of unmanned aerial vehicles without human intervention. The drone can independently take off, perform the necessary operations, land and recharge. Thus, flight operations and data collection can be performed remotely without the constant presence of a specialist on site.
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Hengesh, James V., Michael Angell, William R. Lettis, and Jeffery L. Bachhuber. "A Systematic Approach for Mitigating Geohazards in Pipeline Design and Construction." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0147.
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Pipeline projects are often faced with the challenge of balancing efficient design and construction with mitigation of potential hazards posed by low probability events, such as earthquakes and landslides. Though systematic characterization of geological hazards is sometimes perceived as an added project expense, failure to recognize and mitigate hazards at an early stage can lead to schedule delays and substantial liability, repair, and business interruption costs. For example, it is estimated that failure of the 660-mm Trans-Ecuador pipeline in the 1987 earthquake cost roughly $850 million in repairs and lost revenue. In order to minimize, mitigate, or avoid geological hazards, pipeline design projects can implement a phased investigative approach to refine route selection and develop parameters for detailed design. These studies provide information on geological conditions that progress from the general to specific and have associated uncertainties that decrease with increasing focus of investigations. A geohazard investigation for a pipeline project should begin with a Phase I “desk-top” study to evaluate regional geological conditions, establish a project specific information system, and make a preliminary assessment of landslide, fault rupture, liquefaction, geotechnical and constructability issues that will need to be considered in later phases of design and construction. Although the results of desk-top studies are limited and have large associated uncertainties, the initial results help to refine route selection and/or identify areas that may require hazard mitigation measures. Phase II investigations include acquisition of detailed corridor specific data such as topography and aerial photography, development of geological strip maps, and assessment of the pipeline corridor by an expert-level Terrain Evaluation Team (TET) with broad knowledge of geo-engineering issues. Assessment of the corridor by the TET results in recommendations for route refinement to avoid hazardous terrain, and identification of areas requiring detailed Phase III investigations. Phase III consists of detailed investigations of critical geohazard features to develop parameters for final design of hazard mitigation measures (e.g. fault crossing design). The geohazard features are characterized to determine permanent ground deformation (PGD) parameters, such as location, geometry, amount and direction of displacement, and recurrence rates. Interaction with the pipeline design team should be continued through all three phases to maximize efficiency and ensure timely integration of results in route selection, refinement and design. Examples provided from projects in Turkey, California, and the Indian Ocean demonstrate the successful implementation of this phased investigative approach to characterizing and mitigating geohazards for both onshore and offshore pipeline projects. Implementation of this approach has resulted in significant project cost savings and reduced risk.
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Shobeiri, Sanaz. "Age-Gender Inclusiveness in City Centres – A comparative study of Tehran and Belfast." In SPACE International Conferences April 2021. SPACE Studies Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51596/cbp2021.xwng8060.
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Extended Abstract and [has] the potential to stimulate local and regional economies” (p.3). A city centre or town centre has been recognised as the beating heart and public legacy of an urban fabric either in a small town, medium-sized city, metropolis or megalopolis. Within this spectrum of scales, city centres’ scopes significantly vary in the global context while considering the physical as well as the intangible and the spiritual features. Concerns such as the overall dimensions, skyline, density and compactness, variety of functions and their distribution, comfort, safety, accessibility, resilience, inclusiveness, vibrancy and conviviality, and the dialectics of modernity and traditionalism are only some examples that elucidate the existing complexities of city centres in a city of any scale (overall dimension) (for further details see for instance Behzadfar, 2007; Gehl, 20210; Gehl and Svarre, 2013; Hambleton, 2015; Lacey et al., 2013; Madanipour, 2010; Roberts, 2013). Regardless of the issue of the context, Gehl (2010) define city centres as interconnected with new concepts such as “better city space, more city life” and “lively and attractive hub for the inhabitants” (pp. 13–15). Roberts (2006) explains the notion of a city centre or town centre as a space “in which human interaction and therefore creativity could flourish”. According to her, the point can realise by creating or revitalising 24-hour city policies that can omit the “‘lagerlout’ phenomenon, whereby drunken youths dominated largely empty town centres after dark” (pp. 333–334). De Certeau (1984) explains that a city and subsequently a city centre is where “the ordinary man, a common hero [is] a ubiquitous character, walking in countless thousands on the streets” (p. V). Paumier (2004) depicts a city centre particularly a successful and a vibrant one as “the focus of business, culture, entertainment … to seek and discover… to see and be seen, to meet, learn and enjoy [which] facilitates a wonderful human chemistry … for entertainment and tourism These few examples represent a wide range of physical, mental and spiritual concerns that need to be applied in the current and future design and planning of city centres. The term ‘concern’, here, refers to the opportunities and potentials as well as the problems and challenges. On the one hand, we —the academics and professionals in the fields associated with urbanism— are dealing with theoretical works and planning documents such as short-to-long term masterplans, development plans and agendas. On the other hand, we are facing complicated tangible issues such as financial matters of economic growth or crisis, tourism, and adding or removing business districts/sections. Beyond all ‘on-paper’ or ‘on-desk’ schemes and economic status, a city centre is experienced and explored by many citizens and tourists on an everyday basis. This research aims to understand the city centre from the eyes of an ordinary user —or as explained by De Certeau (1984), from the visions of a “common hero”. In a comparative study and considering the scale indicator, the size of one city centre might even exceed the whole size of another city. However, within all these varieties and differences, some principal functions perform as the in-common formative core of city centres worldwide. This investigation has selected eight similar categories of these functions to simultaneously investigate two different case study cities of Tehran and Belfast. This mainly includes: 1) an identity-based historical element; 2) shopping; 3) religious buildings; 4) residential area; 5) network of squares and streets; 6) connection with natural structures; 7) administrative and official Buildings; and 8) recreational and non-reactional retail units. This would thus elaborate on if/how the dissimilarities of contexts manifest themselves in similarities and differences of in-common functions in the current city centres. With a focus on the age-gender indicator, this investigation studies the sociocultural aspect of inclusiveness and how it could be reflected in future design and planning programmes of the case study cities. In short, the aim is to explore the design and planning guidelines and strategies —both identical and divergent— for Tehran and Belfast to move towards sociocultural inclusiveness and sustainability. In this research, due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, the studies of the current situation of inclusiveness in Belfast city centre have remained as incomplete. Thus, this presentation would like to perform either as an opening of a platform for potential investigations about Belfast case study city or as an invitation for future collaborations with the researcher for comparative studies about age-gender inclusiveness in city centres worldwide. In short, this research tries to investigate the current situation by identifying unrecognised opportunities and how they can be applied in future short-to-long plans as well as by appreciating the neglected problems and proposing design-planning solutions to achieve age-gender inclusiveness. The applied methodology mainly includes the direct appraisal within a 1-year timespan of September 2019 – September 2020 to cover all seasonal and festive effects. Later, however, in order to consider the role of the COVID-19 Pandemic, the direct appraisal was extended until January 2021. The complementary method to the direct appraisal is the photography to fast freeze the moments of the ordinary scenes of the life of the case study city centres (John Paul and Caponigro Arts, 2014; Langmann and Pick, 2018). The simultaneous study of the captured images would thus contribute to better analyse the age-gender inclusiveness in the non-interfered status of Tehran and Belfast. Acknowledgement This investigation is based on the researcher’s finding through ongoing two-year postdoctoral research (2019 – 2021) as a part of the Government Authorised Exchange Scheme between Fulmen Engineering Company in Tehran, Iran and Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland. The postdoctoral research title is “The role of age and gender in designing inclusive city centres – A comparative study of different-scale cities: Tehran and Belfast” in School of Natural and Built Environment of the Queen’s University of Belfast and is advised by Dr Neil Galway in the Department of Planning. This works is financially supported by Fulmen Company as a sabbatical scheme for eligible company’s senior-level staff. Keywords: Age-gender, Inclusiveness, Sociocultural, City Centre, Urban Heritage, Tehran, Belfast
Reports on the topic "Aerial photography in regional planning"
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Muldavin, Esteban, Yvonne Chauvin, Teri Neville, Hannah Varani, Jacqueline Smith, Paul Neville, and Tani Hubbard. A vegetation classi?cation and map: Guadalupe Mountains National Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302855.
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A vegetation classi?cation and map for Guadalupe Mountains National Park (NP) is presented as part of the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring - Vegetation Inventory Program to classify, describe, and map vegetation communities in more than 280 national park units across the United States. Guadalupe Mountains NP lies in far west Texas and contains the highest point in the state, Guadalupe Peak (8,751 ft; 2,667 m). The mountain escarpments descend some 5,000 ft (1,500 m) to the desert basins below forming a complex geologic landscape that supports vegetation communities ranging from montane coniferous forests down to desert grasslands and scrub. Following the US National Vegetation Classi?cation (USNVC) standard, we identi?ed 129 plant associations hierarchically tiered under 29 groups and 17 macrogroups, making it one of the most ecologically diverse National Park Service units in the southwestern United States. An aspect that adds to this diversity is that the park supports communities that extend southward from the Rocky Mountains (?ve macrogroups) and Great Plains (one macrogroup) and northward from the Chihuahuan Desert (two macrogroups) and Sierra Madre Orientale of Mexico (three macrogroups). The remaining six macrogroups are found in the Great Basin (one macrogroup), and throughout the southwestern United States (remaining ?ve macrogroups). Embedded in this matrix are gypsum dunelands and riparian zones and wetlands that add further complexity. We describe in detail this vegetation classi?cation, which is based on 540 vegetation plots collected between 2006 and 2010. Full descriptions and diagnostic keys to the plant associations along with an overall plant species list are provided as appendices. Based on the vegetation classi?cation and associated plot data, the vegetation map was developed using a combined strategy of automated digital object-oriented image classi?cation and direct-analog image interpretation of four-band National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial photography from 2004 and 2008 and Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery. The map is designed to facilitate ecologically-based natural resource management at a 1:24,000 scale with 0.5-ha minimum map unit size. The map legend is hierarchically structured: the upper Level 1 consists of 16 map units corresponding in most cases to the USNVC group level, and an additional map unit describing built-up land and agriculture; Level 2 is composed of 48 nested map units re?ecting various combinations of plant associations. A ?eld-based accuracy assessment using 341 vegetation plots revealed a Level 1 overall accuracy of 79% with 90% CI of 74?84% and 68% with 90% CI of 59?76% at Level 2. An annotated legend with summary descriptions of the units, distribution maps, aerial photo examples of map unit polygons, and representative photos are provided in Appendix D. Large wall-size poster maps at 1:35,000 scale were also produced following NPS cartographic standards. The report, plot data, and spatial layers are available at National Park Service Vegetation Mapping Program https://www.nps.gov/im/vegetation-inventory.htm). Outcomes from this project provide the most detailed vegetation classi?cation and highest resolution mapping for Guadalupe Mountains NP to date to support many uses including ?re, recreation, vegetation, and wildlife management, among others. The upper Level 1 map is particularly suited to landscape-scale, park-wide planning and linkages to its sister park, Carlsbad Caverns NP. The Level 2 mapping provides added detail for use at a more localized project scale. The overall accuracy of the maps was good, but because Guadalupe Mountains NP is primarily wilderness park, there were logistical challenges to map development and testing in remote areas that should be considered in planning management actions. In this context, some map units would bene?t from further development and accuracy assessment. In particular, a higher resolution mapping of McKittrick Creek riparian habitat at 1:6,000 scale or ?ner is recommended for this important habitat in the park. In addition, developing a structural canopy height model from LiDAR imagery would be useful to more accurately quantify woody canopy density and height to support ?re management and other habitat management issues. With respect to understanding vegetation dynamics in this time of rapid environmental change, the 540 vegetation plots themselves are su?ciently georeferenced and have the data resolution to be useful in detecting change at the decadal scales across much of the park. To this end, an additional recommendation would be to install more plots to ?ll the gaps among the main vegetation units of the park, both spatially and thematically. Overall, the Vegetation and Classi?cation Map for Guadalupe Mountains NP will support the park?s management e?orts and enhance regional understanding of vegetation and ecology of ecosystems of the southwestern United States.
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Taverna, Kristin. Vegetation classification and mapping of land additions at Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia: Addendum to technical report NPS/NER/NRTR 2008/128. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294278.
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In 2008 and 2015, the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage produced vegetation maps for Richmond National Battlefield Park, following the protocols of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) – National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Program. The original 2008 report was part of a regional project to map and classify the vegetation in seven national parks in Virginia. The 2015 report was an addendum to the original report and mapped the vegetation in newly acquired parcels. Since 2015, the park has acquired an additional 820 acres of land within 12 individual parcels, including the 650 acre North Anna unit. This report is an addendum to the 2008 and 2015 reports and documents the mapping of vegetation and other land-use classes for the 12 new land parcels at Richmond National Battlefield Park, with an updated vegetation map for the entire park. The updated map and associated data provide information on the sensitivity and ecological integrity of habitats and can help prioritize areas for protection. The vegetation map of the new land parcels includes eighteen map classes, representing 14 associations from the United States National Vegetation Classification, one nonstandard, park-specific class, and three Anderson Level II land-use categories. The vegetation classification and map classes are consistent with the original 2008 report. Vegetation-map classes for the new land parcels were identified through field reconnaissance, data collection, and aerial photo interpretation. Aerial photography from 2017 served as the base map for mapping the 12 new parcels, and field sampling was conducted in the summer of 2020. Three new map classes for the Park were encountered and described during the study, all within the North Anna park unit. These map classes are Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest, Northern Coastal Plain / Piedmont Oak – Beech / Heath Forest, and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest. The examples of Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest at North Anna meet the criteria of size, condition, and landscape context to be considered a Natural Heritage exemplary natural community occurrence and should be targeted for protection and management as needed. New local and global descriptions for the three map classes are included as part of this report. Refinements were made to the vegetation field key to include the new map classes. The updated field key is part of this report. An updated table listing the number of polygons and total hectares for each of the 28 vegetation- map classes over the entire park is also included in the report. A GIS coverage containing a vegetation map for the entire park with updated Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) compliant metadata was completed for this project. The attribute table field names are the same as the 2008 and 2015 products, with the exception of an additional field indicating the year each polygon was last edited.
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Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.
Full textAbstract:
The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.