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Holovachov, Vitalii, and Volodymyr Shypulin. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 96,2022, no. 96 (December 2022): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.96.044.
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It has been proven that the transformational processes taking place in Ukraine are related to the deepening of crisis phenomena in the economic sphere, the slowdown of the main indicators of regional development, the impact of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, and military operations. In such conditions, it is necessary to rethink approaches to ensure the efficiency of the functioning of regions by improving the system of land resources management, as the main factors of their development. At the same time, the modern European experience of land administration and information provision of the formation and use of real estate based on the application of the multi-purpose cadastre is considered. The aim of this work – to develop scientifically based recommendations for the formation of a multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were completed: determination of the multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level; identification of factors affecting the formation of a multi-purpose cadastre; presentation of the results of mathematical modelling of the factors of formation of the multi-purpose cadastre; the formation of geo-information support of a multi-purpose cadastre. Method. To obtain research results, special methods are used: structural and content analysis - to form a conceptual apparatus for defining a multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level; analytical and methods of expert analysis - to determine the spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental factors of the information support of the multi-purpose cadastre; analysis of hierarchies - to determine the weighting factors characterizing the mutual influence of indicators of information provision of the multi-purpose cadastre; mathematical modelling - for the development of models that determine the impact of spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental factors on the integral indicator of information provision of the multi-purpose cadastre; correlation-regression analysis - to establish the influence of the integral indicator of information provision of the multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level on the gross regional product; of geo-information analysis - for the development of geo-information support of the multi-purpose cadastre. Scientific novelty and practical significance. An integral indicator for assessing the level of information provision of the multi-purpose cadastre is proposed, which is determined based on spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental factors, which allows forming the information basis for the development of scientifically based recommendations for the creation and implementation of the multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level. The concept of "multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level" was defined, which considers the totality of spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental support, which allowed to build a multi-level information system for the formation of a quantitative basis of real estate management at the regional level. The method of integral assessment of the level of information support of the multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level is characterized, which is based on a multi-level system of factors, methods of assessment of analytical and qualitative indicators, analysis of hierarchies, local, generalizing and integral models, which made it possible to carry out mathematical modelling of these factors, to form geo-information support for adoption reasoned decisions in the field of real estate management. The results of mathematical modelling of the processes of development of information support of a multi-purpose cadastre based on the establishment of relationships between system factors and an integral indicator by applying the method of correlation-regression analysis are presented, which makes it possible to build predictive models and establish trends in the formation and use of real estate at the regional level, taking into account the spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental support. Scientifically based recommendations for the development and implementation of a multi-purpose cadastre were proposed based on the results of their level assessment and modelling, which made it possible to single out directions for increasing the level of information provision and application of the multi-purpose cadastre for increasing the efficiency of real estate use at the regional level [Ноlovachov et al., 2022; Ноlovachov, 2022].
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Piekielek, Nathan. "A semi-automated workflow for processing historic aerial photography." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-299-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Libraries, museums and archives were the original big geospatial information repositories that to this day house thousands to millions of resources containing research-quality geographic information. However, these print resources (and their digital surrogates), are not easily incorporated into the contemporary research process because they are not structured data that is required of web-mapping and geographic information system tools. Fortunately, contemporary big data tools and methods can help with the large-scale conversion of historic resources into structured datasets for mapping and spatial analysis.</p><p>Single frame historic aerial photographs captured originally on film (hereafter “photographs”), are some of the most ubiquitous and information-rich geographic information resources housed in libraries, museums and archives. Photographs authentically encoded information about past places and time-periods without the thematic focus and cartographic generalization of historic print maps. As such, they contain important information in nearly every category of base mapping (i.e. transportation networks, populated places etc.), that is useful to a broad spectrum of research projects and other applications. Photographs are also some of the most frustrating historic resources to use due to their very large map-scale (i.e. small geographic area), lack of reference information and often unknown metadata (i.e. index map, flight altitude, direction etc.).</p><p>The capture of aerial photographs in the contiguous United States (U.S.) became common in the 1920s and was formalized in government programs to systematically photograph the nation at regular time intervals beginning in the 1930s. Many of these photography programs continued until the 1990s meaning that there are approximately 70 years of “data” available for the U.S. that is currently underutilized due to inaccessibility and the challenges of converting photographs to structured data. Large collections of photographs include government (e.g. the U.S. Department of Agriculture Aerial Photography Field Office “The Vault” – over 10 million photographs), educational (e.g. the University of California Santa Barbara Library – approximately 2.5 million photographs), and an unknown number non-governmental organizations (e.g. numerous regional planning commissions and watershed conservation groups). Collectively these photography resources constitute an untapped big geospatial data resource.</p><p>U.S. government photography programs such as the National Agricultural Imagery Program continued and expanded in the digital age (i.e. post early 2000s), so that not only is there opportunity to extend spatial analyses back in time, but also to create seamless datasets that integrate with current and expected future government aerial photography campaigns. What is more, satellite imagery sensors have improved to the point that there is now overlap between satellite imagery and aerial photography in terms of many of their technical specifications (i.e. spatial resolution etc.). The remote capture of land surface imagery is expanding rapidly and with it are new opportunities to explore long-term land-change analyses that require historical datasets.</p><p>Manual methods to process photographs are well-known, but are too labour intensive to apply to entire photography collections. Academic research on methods to increase the discoverability of photographs and convert them to geospatial data at large-scale has to date been limited (although see the work of W. Karel et al.). This presentation details a semi-automated workflow to process historic aerial photographs from U.S. government sources and compares the workflow and results to existing methods and datasets. In a pilot test area of 94 photographs in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, the workflow was found to be nearly 100-times more efficient than commonly employed alternatives while achieving greater horizontal positional accuracy. Results compared favourably to contemporary digital aerial photography data products, suggesting that they are well-suited for integration with contemporary datasets. Finally, initial results of the workflow were incorporated into several existing online discovery and sharing platforms that will be highlighted in this presentation. Early online usage statistics as well as direct interaction with users demonstrates the broad interest and high-impact of photographs and their derived products (i.e. structured geospatial data).</p>
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Putri, Klarissa Ardilia, and Mahendra Andiek Maulana. "3D Building Visualization Using LOD1 Level Lidar and Orthophoto Data (Case Study: Jalan Tambak Mayor Surabaya)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1276, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1276/1/012042.
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Abstract Surabaya is the second largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta, with a population of more than 2.8 million people. As the second largest city after Jakarta, of course Surabaya is classified as a city with a high population and building density. With this high level of building density, it is necessary to carry out good regional planning. Good regional planning is an important tool in creating cities and regions that are sustainable, environmentally friendly and provide a high quality of life for their residents. It also helps in addressing complex urban challenges and ensuring wise use of resources. Currently, various methods and technologies have developed that make it easier for the government to carry out regional planning. One method that can be used is to carry out 3D city modeling. Three-dimensional (3D) modeling is a technique used to create a digital model of an object or environment in three dimensions, using computer software capable of producing 3D images based on the data provided. Three-dimensional modeling for buildings with LOD1 level utilizes data obtained from field surveys, remote sensing and numerical modeling. Through this research, 3D city modeling was carried out using LiDAR data and aerial photography to analyze the condition of buildings in the Jalan Tambak Mayor area. This approach uses a 3D city model as the basis for analysis using ArcGISPro software. In this research, data updating will be conducted, which involves directly capturing aerial photographs in the field, as the existing aerial photograph data is from 2016 and needs to be renewed. Based on the resulting modeling, the results of 3-dimensional building modeling are shown on a map which is classified into 5 classes with a building height range between 0 - 46 meters.
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Moravánszky, Ákos. "Blow-Up: The Powers of Scale." Joelho Revista de Cultura Arquitectonica, no. 8 (December 26, 2017): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8681_8_1.
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During the decades following World War II, efforts were made to connect the rhetoric of the human scale with that of a superhuman, geographic or territorial scale. Aerial photography has opened up an all-encompassing view of the universe, presented in scalar sequences as the visual foundation for a new humanity. In the US, the large-scale regional project of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). Attempts at integrating ecological, engineering, landscaping, architectural, and aesthetic concerns to realize a socio-economical vision were followed with enormous interest in Europe – before and after the war, in both West and East – and applauded by different political systems. Images popularizing the success of five-year plans and the heroism of nature transformation in the Soviet Union were also omnipresent themes in Western Europe. Ideas of transnational planning emerged in Europe shortly before the postwar continent was divided between the world powers. After the political partitioning of Europe into blocs, however, such plans had to be buried.
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Pasaribu, Yosua Adrian. "PENATAAN RUANG DALAM RANGKA PELESTARIAN KAWASAN CAGAR BUDAYA: KAJIAN KOTA KUNO BANTEN LAMA." KALPATARU 28, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/kpt.v28i2.577.
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Abstract The old city of Banten Lama was an international port city developed in the 16-18th century AD. This old city, which once was the capital city of one of Indonesian Great Kingdom who has an ambassador in the Great Britain, can still be reconstructed based on the trace of monuments left scattered on the site at Kasemen District, Serang City. The preservation planning of this cultural heritage of an ancient city fits with the regional planning. Problems with this region heritage are the proximity between heritages and houses or shops and destructive activities. The data of spatial problems has never been mapped with a measured method. Spatial planning in this heritage area was done by aerial photography mapping. This paper reviews the use of the aerial photography method in planning for the preservation of space for cultural heritage areas. This method shows the existing condition of heritage buildings and sites that have proximity with houses, roads, and shops. This study shows that the preservation of the ancient city of Banten Lama can be done by providing substitutes for green open spaces for people who have been using cultural heritage sites for general recreational purposes, encouraging the development of settlements outside cultural heritage areas, and involving the community in community empowerment in the use of cultural heritage in harmony with preservation.Keywords: Banten Lama, Cultural Heritage Area Preservation, Spatial Planning, Indonesia Abstrak Kota Kuno Banten Lama merupakan kota pelabuhan internasional yang berkembang pada abad 16-18 M. Ibu kota kerajaan tradisional Indonesia yang memiliki duta besar di Inggris ini masih dapat direkonstruksi berdasarkan monumen-monumen yang tersebar di wilayah Kecamatan Kasemen, Kota Serang. Pelestarian kawasan kota kuno bersinggungan dengan penataan ruang di wilayah tersebut. Permasalahan dalam pelestarian situs dan bangunan cagar budaya di Banten adalah kedekatan jarak antara cagar budaya dengan permukiman atau pertokoan dan pemanfaatan yang tidak selaras dengan pelestarian. Data permasalahan keruangan tersebut belum pernah dipetakan dengan metode yang terukur. Tulisan ini mengulas mengenai penggunaan metode foto udara dalam perencanaan pelestarian ruang kawasan cagar budaya. Metode tersebut dapat memperlihatkan kondisi eksisting situs dan bangunan cagar budaya yang bersinggungan dengan permukiman, jalan, dan pertokoan. Kajian menunjukkan bahwa pelestarian kota kuno Banten Lama dapat dilakukan dengan menyediakan pengganti lapangan terbuka hijau bagi masyarakat yang selama ini menggunakan situs-situs cagar budaya sebagai sarana rekreasi umum, mendorong pembangunan permukiman di luar kawasan cagar budaya, dan melibatkan masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan cagar budaya yang selaras dengan pelestarian. Keywords: Banten Lama, pelestarian kawasan cagar budaya, perencanaan tata ruang, Indonesia
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Jiménez, Víctor, José-Manuel Sánchez, and Juan-Ignacio Rengifo. "A New Residential Role for the Rural Environment in Extremadura, Spain." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020435.
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European rural spaces are assuming a new residential role. In some such as Extremadura (Spain), the low population density and the practice of an extensive primary sector has allowed the survival of large areas and natural spaces that are desirable for urbanites. The residential growth caused by economic changes and tourist attractiveness has generated a new paradigm in which recreational use competes with agricultural and livestock use (until now the sustenance of the local economy). To record this change, it is essential to spatially determine what the rural environment means in this specific regional context and quantify the number of new existing homes. First, we resorted to the future competent legislation (born of experience and local knowledge) and territorial and urban planning, while second, we used the potentiality of all of the available free series of orthophotography and aerial photography including other tools such as Google Street View. This methodological process led us to discover a recent and important advancement of the recreational residential function. On balance, the data showed that recreational residential use is a leading actor in the change of the landscape and productive model of rural areas.
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Cotsell, Nigel, Mark Fisher, David Scotts, and Mark Cameron. "Identifying High Value Arboreal Habitat in forested areas using high-resolution digital imagery." Pacific Conservation Biology 22, no. 4 (2016): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc15031.
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Old-growth forest is recognised as a high-value habitat in conservation assessment programs because of its importance to hollow-dependent species. Previous mapping undertaken at regional scales does not map patches of old forest smaller than 5 ha. While small patches of old forest may not be as ecologically important as large areas they provide opportunities for connectivity and specific habitat resources for arboreal wildlife within a broader landscape matrix. Previously, smaller patches of old forest have been overlooked because the tools have not been available to map at finer scales. This study incorporates a methodology using recent advances in technology, including aerial photography, to map old forest at a fine scale for the purposes of land-use assessment and planning. The term ‘High Value Arboreal Habitat’ is introduced to convey the ecological importance of hollow-bearing trees as part of a wider identification and mapping of high-value habitats across the landscape. The assessment was undertaken across the forested areas of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area using high-resolution digital imagery. It is anticipated that the High Value Arboreal Habitat mapping process will be adopted by a range of stakeholders and natural resource managers to better manage and conserve these old forests across the landscape whatever their size.
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Sharon, Matty, Amir Sagy, Ittai Kurzon, Shmuel Marco, and Marcelo Rosensaft. "Assessment of seismic sources and capable faults through hierarchic tectonic criteria: implications for seismic hazard in the Levant." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-125-2020.
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Abstract. We present a methodology for mapping faults that constitute a potential hazard to structures, with an emphasis on ground shake hazards and on surface rupture nearby critical facilities such as dams and nuclear power plants. The methodology categorises faults by hierarchic seismo-tectonic criteria, which are designed according to the degree of certainty for recent activity and the accessibility of the information within a given region. First, the instrumental seismicity is statistically processed to obtain the gridded seismicity of the earthquake density and the seismic moment density parameters. Their spatial distribution reveals the zones of the seismic sources, within the examined period. We combine these results with geodetic and pre-instrumental slip rates, historical earthquake data, geological maps and aerial photography to define and categorise faults that are likely to generate significant earthquakes (M≥6.0). Their mapping is fundamental for seismo-tectonic modelling and for probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHAs). In addition, for surface rupture hazard, we create a database and a map of Quaternary capable faults by developing criteria according to the regional stratigraphy and the tectonic configuration. The relationship between seismicity, slip dynamics and fault activity through time is an intrinsic result of our analysis that allows revealing the dynamic of the deformation in the region. The presented methodology expands the ability to differentiate between subgroups for planning or maintenance of different constructions or for research aims, and it can be applied in other regions.
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Cao, Xiaoqin, Ziming Liu, Chenlin Hu, Xiaolong Song, Jonathan Atuquaye Quaye, and Ning Lu. "Three-Dimensional Geological Modelling in Earth Science Research: An In-Depth Review and Perspective Analysis." Minerals 14, no. 7 (June 29, 2024): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14070686.
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This study examines the development trajectory and current trends of three-dimensional (3D) geological modelling. In recent years, due to the rising global energy demand and the increasing frequency of regional geological disasters, significant progress has been made in this field. The purpose of this study is to clarify the potential complexity of 3D geological modelling, identify persistent challenges, and propose potential avenues for improvement. The main objectives include simplifying the modelling process, improving model accuracy, integrating different data sources, and quantitatively evaluating model parameters. This study integrates global research in this field, focusing on the latest breakthroughs and applications in mineral exploration, engineering geology, geological disaster assessment, and military geosciences. For example, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tilt photography technology, multisource data fusion, 3D geological modelling method based on machine learning, etc. By identifying areas for improvement and making recommendations, this work aims to provide valuable insights to guide the future development of geological modelling toward a more comprehensive and accurate “Transparent Earth”. This review underscores the global applications of 3D geological modelling, highlighting its crucial role across various sectors such as mineral exploration, the oil and gas industry, urban planning, geological hazard assessment, and geoscientific research. The review emphasizes the sector-specific importance of this technology in enhancing modelling accuracy and efficiency, optimizing resource management, driving technological innovation, and improving disaster response capabilities. These insights provide a comprehensive understanding of how 3D geological modelling can significantly impact and benefit multiple industries worldwide.
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Rohde, R. F., and M. T. Hoffman. "One Hundred Years of Separation: The Historical Ecology of a South African ‘Coloured Reserve’." Africa 78, no. 2 (May 2008): 189–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0001972008000132.
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During the twentieth century, the 20,000 hectares commons surrounding the village of Paulshoek as well as the neighbouring privately-owned farms have been significantly influenced by evolving land-use practices driven largely by socio-economic and political change in the broader Namaqualand and South African region. Land-use practices in the communal lands of Namaqualand were based initially on transhumant pastoralism, then on extensive dryland cropping associated with livestock production under restricted mobility, and more recently on a sedentarized labour reserve where agricultural production now forms a minor part of the local economy. For the first half of the twentieth century, farmers on communal and privately-owned farms shared similar transhumant pastoral practices and both moved across unfenced farm boundaries. By the middle of the century, however, fence-lines were established and commercial farming on privately-owned farms was increasingly managed according to rangeland science principles. As the population grew in the communal areas, families gravitated to new ‘service’ villages such as Paulshoek and became increasingly dependent on migrant labour and state welfare. While the majority of former croplands are now fallow, many of them for decades or more, communal livestock populations have remained relatively high, fluctuating with rainfall. The impact of this history of land use can be compared with that of neighbouring privately-owned farms where low stocking rates, coupled with a variety of state subsidies, have had a very different environmental outcome. This article charts the environmental transformations that have occurred in the area of Paulshoek as a direct result of the region's political history and the evolution of the regional economy. We present a variety of evidence drawn from archival sources, oral history, repeat aerial and ground photography, and detailed climate, cropping and livestock records to show that events far beyond the borders of Namaqualand's communal areas have had a profound influence on their environments.
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Janeczko, Emilia, Dorota Kargul-Plewa, Łukasz Kwaśny, and Joanna Budnicka-Kosior. "The use of view analyses in shaping a forest landscape in the vicinity of water reservoirs." Journal of Water and Land Development 34, no. 1 (September 26, 2017): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2017-0047.
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Abstract An increasing importance of the social functions of the forest entails the necessity to modify forestry management in a way which would ensure its social acceptance. This mainly concerns those parts of the forest that are “most visible”, in the surroundings of roads, tourist trails, as well as water bodies. The article discusses the importance of view analyses in forest landscaping. On the basis of the adopted methodological assumptions, the assessment of landscape resources of the forest in the vicinity of a water reservoir in the Kielce Forest District (Radom Regional Forest Directorate) has been made. Available ortophotomaps and aerial photographs taken by UAVs were used for view analyses together with elevation data collected through airborne laser scanning. The results obtained allow to make recommendations for the protection of the reservoir exposure as well as engineering forest management and silviculture. Consequently, the inclusion of visual analyses into the planning stage enables verification of the quality of forest management plans.
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Barbezat, Vincent. "Analyse semi-automatisée de photos aériennes numérisées pour l'étude de la dynamique de peuplements arborescents | Semi-Automatised Analysis of Digitised Aerial Photographs for the Study of Arborescent Population Dynamics." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 151, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2000.0238.
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At the present time, landscape inventories, the third National Forest Inventory (NFI), permanent research plots in the forests,cantonal inventories, regional forest planning, the redefinition of useful farm land, a new inventory of standard tree orchards but also the protection of peat bog and alluvial areas are daily business. Therefore, the development of a software for automated aerial photograph analysis is of greatest interest to the Swiss Confederation and its cantons as well as to forest owners, research institutes and certain industries (private engineering enterprises, software producers). In answer to these expectations, the Antenne Romande WSL, together with the Institute of Production in Microengineering of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne(EPFL), proposes to develop a software for user-friendly, neutral and rapid image-processing, the working precision of which will suit forest and landscape managers. Moreover, the software will provide scientists with basic data for the modelling of various ecosystem processes.
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Vieira, Gonçalo, Carla Mora, Pedro Pina, Ricardo Ramalho, and Rui Fernandes. "UAV-based very high resolution point cloud, digital surface model and orthomosaic of the Chã das Caldeiras lava fields (Fogo, Cabo Verde)." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 3179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3179-2021.
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Abstract. Fogo in the Cabo Verde archipelago off western Africa is one of the most prominent and active ocean island volcanoes on Earth, posing an important hazard both to local populations and at a regional level. The last eruption took place between 23 November 2014 and 8 February 2015 in the Chã das Caldeiras area at an elevation close to 1800 ma.s.l. The eruptive episode gave origin to extensive lava flows that almost fully destroyed the settlements of Bangaeira, Portela and Ilhéu de Losna. During December 2016 a survey of the Chã das Caldeiras area was conducted using a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and real-time kinematic (RTK) global navigation satellite system (GNSS), with the objective of improving the terrain models and visible imagery derived from satellite platforms, from metric to decimetric resolution and accuracy. The main result is a very high resolution and quality 3D point cloud with a root mean square error of 0.08 m in X, 0.11 m in Y and 0.12 m in Z, which fully covers the most recent lava flows. The survey comprises an area of 23.9 km2 and used 2909 calibrated images with an average ground sampling distance of 7.2 cm. The dense point cloud, digital surface models and orthomosaics with 25 and 10 cm resolutions, a 50 cm spaced elevation contour shapefile, and a 3D texture mesh, as well as the full aerial survey dataset are provided. The delineation of the 2014/15 lava flows covers an area of 4.53 km2, which is smaller but more accurate than the previous estimates from 4.8 to 4.97 km2. The difference in the calculated area, when compared to previously reported values, is due to a more detailed mapping of the flow geometry and to the exclusion of the areas corresponding to kīpukas (outcrops surrounded by lava flows). Our study provides a very high resolution dataset of the areas affected by Fogo's latest eruption and is a case study supporting the advantageous use of UAV aerial photography surveys in disaster-prone areas. This dataset provides accurate baseline data for future eruptions, allowing for different applications in Earth system sciences, such as hydrology, ecology and spatial modelling, as well as to planning. The dataset is available for download at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4718520 (Vieira et al., 2021).
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K., Kotresha, and Indra Jit Singh. "Mapping of Forest Plantation in Forest Research Institute, Dehradun Using IKONOS Data." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2007): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.11.6.
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The forests are the source for many essential requirements such as fuel wood, timber, raw materials for paper and above all, it helps us to maintain the CO2 /O2 balance in nature. Sustainable forest management requires reliable information. The aerial photographs and GIS data information can generate various scenarios for forest management plans at local, national and global scales. IKONOS is the world first one-meter resolution commercial imaging satellite. The interpretation of aerial photograph and satellite data are of great benefit for neighboring and regional land use, forest mapping, to find change detection and are effective for large are inventories, forest planning etc. In the present study, an attempt has been made to classify the FRI forest in to 11-forest cover and land use classes. The major chunk of forest consists of Pine forest, which occupy 94.04 ha and 143.20 ha of the total forest area during 1973 and 2001, respectively. It is followed by mixed forest with 53.31 ha (1973) and 5.50 ha (2001), and Teak with 17.68 ha (1973) and 8.49 ha (2001). The Sal forest showed an increase in forest cover from 4.83 ha (1973) to 5.39 ha (2001). Similarly Eucalyptus forest showed a forest cover of 1.84 ha in 2001, which was not seen in the year 1973. The constructions also showed an increase from 3.14 ha in 1973 to 24.68 ha in 2001 and in case of nursery and miscellaneous (scrub), there has been increasing in total forest cover. The IKONOS image of 2001 surprisingly showed no change in Champa forest cover. Decrease in forest cover of Teak, Sal and Mixed forest must have been due to felling of trees for logging purposes and their forest cover might have been replaced by scrub vegetation (miscellaneous) , construction, Eucalyptus plantation and nursery. The results of the present project showed changes in terms of area coverage by the forest types, which helps us to assess future prospects of the forestland use pattern.
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Scott, Kelly, Brian Oswald, Kenneth Farrish, and Daniel Unger. "Fuel loading prediction models developed from aerial photographs of the Sangre de Cristo and Jemez mountains of New Mexico, USA." International Journal of Wildland Fire 11, no. 1 (2002): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf01044.
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Fuel load prediction equations that made use of aerial photographs were developed for Mixed Conifer, Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) and Pinyon–Juniper (Pinus edulis Engelm.)–(Juniperus monosperma Engelm.) cover types from one-time measurements made in the Santa Fe watershed (SFWS) located in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of northern New Mexico, and at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) located in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico. The results of the watershed data set were favorable and exhibited a high degree of relative accuracy. The results from the LANL data set did not share the same degree of accuracy, but rather exhibited a high degree of error. Use of these or similar prediction equations may be limited to certain regions and community types that exhibit similar regional characteristics such as terrain, soil, and weather conditions. Applied use of the prediction equations required less time than traditional fuel sampling performed onsite, but suffered from a loss of accuracy. It is strongly suggested that additional study of this method be undertaken to generate more accurate and reliable equations. Hopefully, more accurate equations may augment existing fuel sampling techniques and be put to practical use for fire planning purposes.
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Ibarra-Marinas, Daniel, Francisco Belmonte-Serrato, Gustavo Ballesteros-Pelegrín, and Ramón García-Marín. "Evolution of the Beaches in the Regional Park of Salinas and Arenales of San Pedro del Pinatar (Southeast of Spain) (1899–2019)." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10040200.
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Coastal erosion is anissuewhich affects beaches all over the world and that signifies enormous economic and environmental losses. Classed as a slow phenomenon, the evolution of the coastline requires long-term analysis. In this study, old cartography and aerial photographs from various dates have been used to study the evolution of the coastline. The information has been processed with free software (QGIS) and for the calculation of sediment transport the Coastal Modeling System (SMC) software. The results show the accretion/erosion phenomena that occurred after the construction of the port in San Pedro del Pinatarin 1954 and which changed the coastal dynamics of a highly protected area. In some sectors, the beach has been reduced almost in its entirety, with retreat rates of up to −2.05 m per year and a total area loss of 66,419.81 m2 in Las Salinas beach and 76,891.13 m2 on Barraca Quemada beach.
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Popperl, Simone. "GEOLOGIES OF ERASURE: SINKHOLES, SCIENCE, AND SETTLER COLONIALISM AT THE DEAD SEA." International Journal of Middle East Studies 50, no. 3 (August 2018): 427–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074381800082x.
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AbstractScientists who study Dead Sea sinkholes come to know them in particular ways (as generalized hydrogeoloic phenomena, symptoms of a regional environmental crisis, or divine retribution) and at particular scales (from the distant orbit of Earth observation satellites, from digitally altered aerial photographs, and occasionally from the inside). Using ethnographic data gathered between 2012 and 2015 in the occupied Palestinian territories (oPt), Israel, and Jordan, I compare how groups and individuals study, think, and learn about Dead Sea sinkholes. The way hydrogeologic knowledge about these sinkholes is gathered and circulated helps define land around the Dead Sea as territory to be colonized. These scientific processes can nullify Palestinian claims to the Dead Sea, eliminate Palestinian people from Dead Sea landscapes, and marginalize Bedouin opposition to Jordanian government policies. I suggest that attention to “geologies of erasure” helps scholars to understand the scientific and political impacts of settler colonialisms on the collection of knowledge about changing natural environments in the Middle East and beyond.
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Gordon, Riet, Ueli Bühler, and Jürg Zinggeler. "Änderung der Waldinventurmethode im Kanton Graubünden | Modification of the Forest Inventory Method in the Canton of Grisons, Switzerland." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 151, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2000.0165.
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The new planning concept in the canton of Grisons, consisting of regional development plans and local management plans, affects information needs and thus the previous inventory method. Information on forest condition and forest dynamics is needed both at the regional and at the management level. Where the management level is concerned, the information needed is gained by means of a detailed description of each stand. To support the decision on the future inventory method at the regional level, a pilot inventory was conducted, using the method of the second National Forest Inventory (NFI 2). The given cost framework enabled a survey in a sample grid of 500 × 500 m to be conducted. The software and the recording equipment of the NFI 2 were used. The variable list of the NFI 2, however, was reduced according to the needs of the canton. In order to reduce the costs, no tariff sample trees were assessed. The field work for assessing one plot required 8.4 person hours or CHF. 680.–. These values are within the expected range. For the entire area, the costs amounted to CHF. 27.30 per hectare. The standard error for the total forest area was between 6.0% (Schanfigg) and 6.8% (Val Mustair) and thus rather high. The standard error for the growing stock, the most important variable, was 7.0% and thus within the desired range. The pilot inventory also gave satisfactory results for the growing stock of the main tree species. Based on the sample grid of the NF11, the increase in growing stock could, already with the first regional inventory, be determined more reliably than by the use of the previous sampling design with temporary plots. The pilot inventory also showed that, with the conditions prevailing in the canton of Grisons, an additional interpretation of aerial photographs is only useful if the variables assessed on the photographs enable a better stratification than the variable tree height class alone. The experience and the results gained from the pilot inventory are positive. From now on, the canton of Grisons will conduct an inventory on permanent plots in a 500 × 500 m grid, and drop the surveys of temporary sampling plots.
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Reynolds, J. M. "The role of surface geophysics in the assessment of regional groundwater potential in Northern Nigeria." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 4, no. 1 (1987): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.22.
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AbstractAn analysis has been made of the usefulness of surface geophysical site investigations as part of a rural water supply programme carried out in southern Kano State, northern Nigeria. Field work was undertaken under the auspices of the Kano State Agricultural Rural Development Project in conjunction with Groundwater Development Consultants (International) Ltd, Cambridge. The database for this study consists of the results of surface geophysical site investigations at over 200 rural villages and comprised electrical resistivity and/or electromagnetic ground conductivity methods together with hydrogeological data from boreholes drilled as tubewells. The groundwater potential of southern Kano State was determined as a result of field studies of hand-dug wells, water table levels, geological and geomorphological mapping, the use of aerial photographs and, in particular, surface geophysics. Areas with poor groundwater potential were successfully highlighted. A drilling programme was planned on the basis of these field studies which allowed the drilling rigs to be used to maximum effectiveness providing successful tubewells whilst the more problematical sites were investigated further. Wildcat wells sited without the aid of geophysics and drilled in the Basement Complex of the Younger Granite terrain in Kano State resulted in unacceptably high failure rates (c. 70%). Once geophysical methods were introduced, the failure rate fell to less than 32% and, following further development of geophysical field and interpretation techniques, the final failure rate was around 17%. For a project whose target was 1000 successful tubewells, each costing of the order of £15,000, the saving to the client as a result of reduced number of failures was of the order of £5 million. The use of resistivity surveys, especially in conjunction with electromagnetic induction methods, has proved invaluable in the evaluation of groundwater potential and the planning of extensive drilling programme in southern Kano State.
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Akyürek Algın, Meltem, and Şebnem Hoşkara. "Transformation of Silifke—A Historic Town in Anatolia in the Ottoman Period." Buildings 14, no. 5 (May 14, 2024): 1412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051412.
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This article focuses on the Ottoman Period urban fabric of Silifke, a crucial historical town in Turkey. The aim of this paper is to develop a research framework for the transfer of cultural heritage and cultural continuity in multi-layered historical cities. In this context, investigating the level of sociocultural transition and physical permeability between layers is the main problem of the article. The scope of the study consists of an approximately 1.5 km2 (150 hectares) area within the boundaries of the 3rd Degree archaeological site determined in 1995 by the Adana Cultural and Natural Heritage Conservation Regional Board. In the case area, there are building remains and 58 registered buildings, 40 of which were built during the Ottoman Period. The findings and evaluations were examined in three parts: the periods before the Ottoman Period, the Ottoman Period, and the Republican Period. Analyses were developed independently or overlapped from archive documents such as the Presidential Ottoman Archive (BOA), provincial yearbooks, engravings of travelers, photographs, aerial photographs of different years, current maps, zoning plans, and conservation plans. Then, we made descriptions and inferences about urban change/transformation, which is affected by the political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental factors of the town and will shape the future change/transformation and management of the town. The ultimate goal is to set up a basis for the Silifke town center that will guide future interventions and design and planning policies for cultural continuity.
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Li, Renwei, and Nianqin Wang. "Landslide Susceptibility Mapping for the Muchuan County (China): A Comparison Between Bivariate Statistical Models (WoE, EBF, and IoE) and Their Ensembles with Logistic Regression." Symmetry 11, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11060762.
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The main purpose of this study is to apply three bivariate statistical models, namely weight of evidence (WoE), evidence belief function (EBF) and index of entropy (IoE), and their ensembles with logistic regression (LR) for landslide susceptibility mapping in Muchuan County, China. First, a landslide inventory map contained 279 landslides was obtained through the field investigation and interpretation of aerial photographs. Next, the landslides were randomly divided into two parts for training and validation with the ratio of 70/30. In addition, according to the regional geological environment characteristics, twelve landslide conditioning factors were selected, including altitude, plan curvature, profile curvature, slope angle, distance to roads, distance to rivers, topographic wetness index (TWI), normalized different vegetation index (NDVI), land use, soil, and lithology. Subsequently, the landslide susceptibility mapping was carried out by the above models. Eventually, the accuracy of this research was validated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the results indicated that the landslide susceptibility map produced by EBF-LR model has the highest accuracy (0.826), followed by IoE-LR model (0.825), WoE-LR model (0.792), EBF model (0.791), IoE model (0.778), and WoE model (0.753). The results of this study can provide references of landslide prevention and land use planning for local government.
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Naito, Adam T., and David M. Cairns. "Patterns and processes of global shrub expansion." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 35, no. 4 (May 5, 2011): 423–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133311403538.
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Shrub expansion is a global phenomenon that is occurring on savannas, rangelands, and grasslands. In addition, this is an increasingly documented occurrence in the Arctic. Numerous recent studies have strived to pinpoint the drivers of this phenomenon, quantify the changes, and understand their implications for regional and global land use, disturbance regimes, and nutrient cycling. Inquiry into these topics has been facilitated by recent technological developments in satellite remote sensing, aerial photograph analysis, and computer simulation modeling. We provide a new review that accounts for more recent studies in these regions, Arctic shrub expansion, and technological and analytical developments. This four-part discussion focuses on observed patterns of shrub expansion in three rangeland types (desert grasslands, mesic grasslands, savannas) and the Arctic tundra, the primary causes of this expansion, critical comparisons and contrasts between these land types, and recommendations for future avenues of research. These new avenues can inform the development of future land management policies, as well as ongoing investigations to understand and mitigate the effects of climate change.
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Gardiner, DB, GJ Tupper, and GS Dundeon. "A Quantitative Appraisal of Woody Shrub Encroachment in Western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 20, no. 1 (1998): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9980026.
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Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) digital imagery was used to estimate the distribution, density and change in woody shrub cover over time in western New South Wales. The purpose of the project was to derive maps of woody cover which can be used as a basis for regional planning and property planning. Assessment of woody vegetation cover using satellite imagery enables regions which are more susceptible to shrub encroachment to be targeted for control strategies. Dry season images which had minimal green vegetation were used, because the spectral signatures of scrubby ground cover interfered with the proper classification of woody vegetation. For each region, multidate imagery was classified using a pixel unmixing algorithm to derive data sets which showed woody canopy cover. These data were then rescaled to percentage values using aerial photography sampled throughout each region. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to derive changes in woody cover between both dates and to present the data in map form. Most current woody cover in the study area occurs at less than 20% cover, whilst higher levels (40 to 80%) occur in the eastern parts of the Louth and Barnato regions. At least 20,3 10 km2 of the 120,000 km2 study area is already affected by woody vegetation cover levels of greater than 40%, which significantly reduces carrying capacity and pastoral productivity. Changes in woody cover over a 10 to 20 year period were varied. Approximately 24% (26,041 km2) was relatively stable, whilst 20% of the Barnato region had moderate decreases (1 1 to 30%) due to wildfires, and increases of 11 to 30% cover occurred on 'hard red' soils in the east. Emerging woody vegetation of less than 10% cover occurred over 1816 km2 of Sandplains and Stony Lowlands in the Louth and Barnato regions, whilst woody vegetation levels of more than 40% cover occurred in the Barnato region. Considerable 'infilling' of previously unwooded areas was noted for regions which already had high levels of woody cover. A minimal amount of prescribed clearing was apparent from the change data, which suggests that effective control of shrubs is difficult to achieve and that future scenarios will see continued encroachment. The findings suggest that the southern Louth and Barnato regions are most at risk of further shrub encroachment, and that these areas need to be targeted for shrub control. The data provide a quantitative estimate of woody shrub cover which is useful for economic assessments, as well as providing an information base upon which woody shrub management strategies can be developed. Key words: Landsat Multispectral Scanner, remote sensing, geographic information system, change detection, rangeland, monitoring, land cover.
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Mihăilă, Dumitru, Petruț-Ionel Bistricean, and Vasilică-Dănuț Horodnic. "Drivers of Timberline Dynamics in Rodna Montains, Northern Carpathians, Romania, over the Last 131 Years." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042089.
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Currently, there is little information regarding the recent spatiotemporal dynamics of upper timberline in the Carpathian Mountains. We reconstructed the temporal (1887–2018) and spatial dynamics of upper timberline in the Rodna Mountains (Eastern Carpathians) based on seven sets of maps and aerial photographs and explained its variability in relation to three main drivers: air temperature, land morphometry and anthropogenic pressure. The impact of natural drivers (temperature, morphometry) on timberline position was evaluated using a high-resolution digital elevation model, local and regional instrumental and modelled climate databases. The impact of anthropogenic factors on timberline position was documented from published sources such as local paleolimnological studies and historical documents. Results show that timberline rose on average with 113 ± 2 m on the northern slope of the Rodna Mts (currently reaching 1640 m above sea level (a.s.l.)) and with 182 ± 2 m on the southern slope (up to an elevation of 1539 m a.s.l.). Our results suggest that this pattern might be connected with the rising temperature over the recent decades. On the northern slope where land morphometry restricts anthropogenic activities, timberline reached the highest elevation. On the more accessible southern slope, anthropogenic land-use changes likely moderated timberline elevational rise under increasing temperatures.
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Murakami, Akinobu, Eiko Kumakura, and Mikiko Ishikawa. "Reconstruction of Coastal Villages Swept Away by Tsunami by 3D Digital Model." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 818–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0818.
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The significance of “community” has been evaluated especially following Japan’s 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. To revitalize local Tohoku areas in both creating a resilient city and achieving a sustainable society, community development must center on considering future plans. Feelings of connectedness to a community are fostered by having common values and common experiences acquired and remembered associated with places or landscapes. For people experiencing the Tohoku disaster, however, such places and landscapes will have been totally lost due to the tsunami. We assumed that this loss caused many difficulties in reestablishing a revitalized town, so we started a project in 2013 rebuilding parts destroyed or otherwise changed by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami to offset the loss of landscape where the community sense had been fostered for local people. The sections that follow discuss the 3D reconstruction of six villages using CityEngine, which handles large amounts of data through procedural modeling. Based on interviews with local people, pretsunami aerial photographs, and field surveys of surviving villages, we developed typologies of environmental factor of villages, e.g., typical houses or coastal forest. At workshops using 3D models, residents remembered details and participated actively in the reconstruction project. One resident started a virtual guided tour of the village and spoke of the location of symbolic trees, vending machines, watchtowers, and so on. Through the study it was revealed that once we created this digital archive, it should prove useful in preserving the memories of residents and, thereby, in further regional planning based on community sense.
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Ruzgienė, Birutė. "REQUIREMENTS FOR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." Geodesy and cartography 30, no. 3 (August 3, 2012): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921541.2004.9636646.
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The photogrammetric mapping process at the first stage requires planning of aerial photography. Aerial photographs quality depends on the successfull photographic mission specified by requirements that meet not only Lithuanian needs, but also the requirements of the European Union. For such a purpose the detailed specifications for aerial photographic mission for mapping urban territories at a large scale are investigated. The aerial photography parameters and requirements for flight planning, photographic strips, overlaps, aerial camera and film are outlined. The scale of photography, flying height and method for photogrammetric mapping is foreseen as well as tolerances of photographs tilt and swings round (yaw) are presented. Digital camera based on CCD sensors and on-board GPS is greatly appreciated in present-day technologies undertaking aerial mission.
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Eyton, J. Ronald. "Student Aerial Photography." Geocarto International 20, no. 4 (December 2005): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106040508542366.
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LITVINOV, Denis V. "MODERN METHODS TO AERO PHOTOFILMING IN THE ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ANALYSIS OF THE URBAN AREA." Urban construction and architecture 5, no. 1 (February 15, 2015): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2015.01.6.
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In article the modern aerial photography from unmanned aerial vehicles as one of methods of the analysis of city building and the territory in design and exploration work is considered. A number of advantages of aerial photography before land photographing is allocated. The retrospective analysis of aerial photography, allowing to track its development from amateur to the professional is carried out. Its application in town planning, reconstruction and new construction is defined. Two main types of aerial photography, used in construction planned and, - perspective are allocated.
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Doskich, Sofiia. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 93,2021, no. 93 (June 23, 2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.93.035.
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The emergence of satellite observations was marked by their widespread use to determine the velocities and direction of horizontal motions of lithosphere plates (modern kinematics of lithosphere plates), which allowed to research the deformation processes at the global and regional levels. Today, permanent GNSS stations cover a large part of the land area. Since many of these stations have accumulated a large amount of daily observation over 20 years, it is possible to trace the deformation processes of certain areas. There is the problem of correct identification of observations of the true parameters of the deformation process. This issue requires the joint work of geophysicists and geodesists. But high-precision time series and values of GNSS station velocities are important and perspective data for the interpretation of geodynamic processes, which are much easier to obtain than geophysical or geological data, do not require special costs and should take into account their active development, the number of such stations is growing rapidly. Today, according to unofficial data, more than 300 reference stations operate in Ukraine. The aim of this work is to detect deformations of the Earth's crust in the Carpathian folded system using GNSS technology. The input data for the research were the observations over eight years (2013-2020) at reference stations in Ukraine (ZAKPOS network). From these observations, the combined solution (coordinates time series and velocities) was calculated using the scientific software GAMIT / GLOBK. According to the obtained data, the horizontal displacements vectors of GNSS stations were also constructed, and the deformations of the Earth's crust were calculated by the method of triangles, the vertices of which are GNSS stations, using the GPS Triangle Strain Calculator software. The calculated values of deformations showed a different geodynamic value, depending on the location of the triangles. In particular, the active zones of stretching (Rakhiv-Verkhovyna and Syanok-Ustryky-Dolishni) and compression (Rakhiv-Khust-Mukachevo) were identified. The research results make it possible to establish the features of the spatial distribution of crustal movement in the Carpathian region and in the future in a joint interpretation with geophysical data to create a regional geodynamic model of the Carpathian folded system.
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Lepetiuk, V. B. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 92,2020, no. 92 (December 24, 2020): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2020.92.055.
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Analyzing GIS technologies` products for strengthening the tourist attractiveness of the destination and research of possibilities of GIS-technologies at the formation of a tourist product is the purpose of this work. The relevance of this study lies in the need to apply innovative approaches to GIS technologies` usages in the development of national tourism products. The research methodology is based on the application of the statistical method of data processing, the cartographic method of research with the use of GIS, and the method of spatial analysis. General scientific, systematic and informational approaches are also used. The results of the study are an analysis of existing products of GIS technologies and the state of their implementation in tourism, the study of interactive maps and geoportals as tools for the successful solution of problems in the modern tourism sector. It has been found that geoportals significantly help to form a national infrastructure of geospatial data. In the publication I consider two levels of GIS implementation: national and regional. I gave vivid examples of newly created national geoportals and tourist geoportals of the regions of Ukraine, interactive maps of amateur tourists. I considered in more detail the development of GIS technologies` products of such a tourist destination as the Chernihiv region. In particular, as an example, an overview of one of the most functional in Ukraine geoportals - The Geoportal of the urban cadastre of the Chernihiv region is given. A thematic tour of the Chernihiv region was projected with the help of GIS. The scientific novelty of this study is identifying the features of the use of cartographic research methods, especially GIS technologies to study the tourist resources of the territory, the creation of new regional tourism products. I propose to use the method of spatial analysis in the creation of the thematic tour. The practical significance lies in the use of GIS technology products to create cartographic products, such as maps, series of maps, atlases, 3D models, virtual tours. Its help to study in detail the tourist objects of the region contribute to management decisions, and further development and promotion of tourism. The database created during the study can be used to form other types of tourism products. The proposed method of using spatial analysis in the creating of the tour can be useful for expanding the GIS technologies` field of usage.
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Oh, Haeng Yeol, Muhammad Sarfraz Khan, Seung Bae Jeon, and Myeong-Hun Jeong. "Automated Detection of Greenhouse Structures Using Cascade Mask R-CNN." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 5553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115553.
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Automated detection of the content of images remains a challenging problem in artificial intelligence. Hence, continuous manual monitoring of restricted development zones is critical to maintaining territorial integrity and national security. In this regard, local governments of the Republic of Korea conduct four periodic inspections per year to preserve national territories from illegal encroachments and unauthorized developments in restricted zones. The considerable expense makes responding to illegal developments difficult for local governments. To address this challenge, we propose a deep-learning-based Cascade Mask region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) algorithm designed to perform automated detection of greenhouses in aerial photographs for efficient and continuous monitoring of restricted development zones in the Republic of Korea. Our proposed model is regional-based because it was optimized for the Republic of Korea via transfer learning and hyperparameter tuning, which improved the efficiency of the automated detection of greenhouse facilities. The experimental results demonstrated that the mAP value of the proposed Cascade Mask R-CNN model was 83.6, which was 12.83 higher than baseline mask R-CNN, and 0.9 higher than Mask R-CNN with hyperparameter tuning and transfer learning considered. Similarly, the F1-score of the proposed Cascade Mask R-CNN model was 62.07, which outperformed those of the baseline mask R-CNN and the Mask R-CNN with hyperparameter tuning and transfer learning considered (i.e., the F1-score 52.33 and 59.13, respectively). The proposed improved Cascade Mask R-CNN model is expected to facilitate efficient and continuous monitoring of restricted development zones through routine screening procedures. Moreover, this work provides a baseline for developing an integrated management system for national-scale land-use planning and development infrastructure by synergizing geographical information systems, remote sensing, and deep learning models.
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Chen, Lixia, Zizheng Guo, Kunlong Yin, Dhruba Pikha Shrestha, and Shikuan Jin. "The influence of land use and land cover change on landslide susceptibility: a case study in Zhushan Town, Xuan'en County (Hubei, China)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 10 (October 10, 2019): 2207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2207-2019.
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Abstract. Land use and land cover change can increase or decrease landslide susceptibility (LS) in the mountainous areas. In the hilly and mountainous part of southwestern China, land use and land cover change (LUCC) has taken place in the last decades due to infrastructure development and rapid economic activities. This development and activities can worsen the slope susceptible to sliding due to mostly the cutting of slopes. This study, taking Zhushan Town, Xuan'en County, as the study area, aims to evaluate the influence of land use and land cover change on landslide susceptibility at a regional scale. Spatial distribution of landslides was determined in terms of visual interpretation of aerial photographs and remote sensing images, supported by field surveys. Two types of land use and land cover (LUC) maps, with a time interval covering 21 years (1992–2013), were prepared: the first was obtained by the neural net classification of images acquired in 1992 and the second by the object-oriented classification of images in 2002 and 2013. Landslide-susceptible areas were analyzed using the logistic regression model (LRM) in which six influencing factors were chosen as the landslide susceptibility indices. In addition, the hydrologic analysis method was applied to optimize the partitioning of the terrain. The results indicated that the LUCC in the region was mainly the transformation from the grassland and arable land to the forest land, which is increased by 34.3 %. An increase of 1.9 % is shown in the area where human engineering activities concentrate. The comparison of landslide susceptibility maps among different periods revealed that human engineering activities were the most important factor in increasing LS in this region. Such results emphasize the requirement of a reasonable land use planning activity process.
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Dumont, Mélody, Christopher Gomez, Gilles Arnaud-Fassetta, Candide Lissak, and Vincent Viel. "The Disaster Protection System of Mountainous Rivers in Japan: The Example of the Akatani Watershed’s Reconstruction." Sustainability 15, no. 21 (October 26, 2023): 15331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152115331.
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On 5–6 July 2017, an unstable atmospheric condition caused an unusual concentration of rainfall above the Northern part of Kyushu Island, triggering a set of hydro-meteorological hazards. Within the affected area, the mountainous subwatershed of the Akatani River was significantly impacted by numerous landslides combined with debris flow and floods. National and local agencies deployed a plan of reconstruction to restore the floodplain and protect inhabitants. Regarding the hydrosystem in the Akatani watershed, this reconstruction project mainly focuses on the restoration of damaged protection systems and the construction of new infrastructures. Thus, this paper aims to explain the restoration plan of the Akatani River in terms of the strategic Japanese River System Sabo and then as a model of a national-scale spatial plan. It draws on (i) a literature review based on the historical evolution of Japanese protection systems and the River Sabo System; (ii) field surveys in 2019, 2022 and 2023, in conjunction with (iii) interviews with local, regional, and national officials; and (iv) a Geographical Information System analysis of previously and newly built protection systems through aerial photograph interpretation and geospatial data. Sabo works implemented in the Akatani watershed illustrate the engineering vision of Japanese river management. They also constitute a comprehensive system and include a downstream–upstream logic which echoes that of the River System Sabo. In addition, the disaster of July 2017 and the government’s response emphasize the continuous adaptation and improvement of the Japanese disaster management system, which mitigates severe disasters.
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Alves, Maria Eduarda Pereira, Fernando Mainardi Fan, Vinicius Alencar Siqueira, and Leonardo Laipelt. "Flood mapping employing local, regional and global scale modeling methods for the Uruguay river." Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 24 (December 4, 2020): e22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117062697.
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The delimitation of flooded areas is important information for natural disaster management, environmental impact prediction and for territorial planning. Flooding occurs when water levels overflow the limits of a river’s channel and seep into the floodplains. When they affect people, they are considered a natural disaster. The delimitation of a flooded area, in the occurrence of an extreme event, can be performed by using field techniques, such as mapping, surveying through the afflicted area or by taking aerial photographs. However, field survey is not a trivial task and not always does it allow for the attainment of the necessary data for a given project. For that purpose, there are various techniques that can be used to assess flood-spots. Some techniques are simpler, being based only on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and such is the case of the HAND model (Height Above Nearest Drainage), which has garnered plenty of fame recently in the process of applying delimitations to possibly flooded areas. Other techniques are more complex, like the use of hydrodynamic modeling. There are large-scale hydrologic-hydrodynamic models that simulate runoff generation and water transportation processes in the river basin from rainfall, basin, and meteorological data. This is the case of the large-scale distributed hydrological model called MGB (Modelo de Grandes Bacias), which has been developed and employed in these types of cases. However, there are no studies in the literature that compare the results produced by these multiple approaches using differing degrees of complexity and spatial scales. It was precisely to fill this gap in scientific literature that this work was developed. Featured here, for the first time, is the validation of the MGB model’s performance in two versions, one of regional scale and another of continental scale (MGB AS), in delimiting the flooded areas, compared to a satellite image of the inundation; and with two versions of the HAND model, one generated by a local study and the other by a global reference. The case study used in this validation was a major flood that occurred in the Uruguay River, near the town of Itaqui (Rio Grande do Sul), which borders Brazil and Argentina, in October 1997. The results show that the MGB model, both in the regional and the continental scales, could delimit the flooded area, with a few overestimations in the northern portion of the image. The HAND method at the local scale also allowed a mapping of the flooded area, with overestimates for more springhead-like areas in small tributaries. The HAND method at the global scale, on the other hand, proved to be inadequate for the purpose of delimiting flooded areas in this region. The leading cause is believed to be the small drainage area threshold linked to the utilized global HAND product. From the calculation of performance metrics, like hit rate, false alarm ratio and criticality index, Regional MGB was the one that most adequately expressed the extent of the flood observed in the Landsat 5 image when compared to the others, followed by MGB AS.
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Palianytsia, B. B., B. V. Kladochnyi, and Kh B. Palianytsia. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 92,2020, no. 92 (December 24, 2020): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2020.92.005.
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The aim of this work is to study the fluctuations of the components of the zenith tropospheric delay during the annual period according to the ground meteorological measurements in Ukraine. Methodolodgy. The surface values of meteorological values at the stations: Lviv, Kyiv, Kharkiv and Odesa, obtained in 2019 with an interval of 3 hours were used for the research. A total amount of 2020 measurements at each of the stations has been presented. The calculation of the components of the zenith tropospheric delay was performed according to the Saastamoinen formula. According to the calculated values of the components, graphs of changes in the dry and wet components of the zenith tropospheric delay for each of the stations during constructed. Subsequently, the monthly average and annual average values of the components were calculated and compared with each other. Results. Based on studies of changes in delay values at four Ukrainian meteorological stations for the period of 2019, it was found that the monthly average values of ZHD component are higher at stations whose altitude is lower. The wet component of ZWD during the year acquires the biggest values in summer. Annual fluctuations of the dry component of ZHD have a much smaller amplitude than the wet ZWD. The amplitude of the change in the total delay is determined by the amplitude of the change of the wet component, which at different stations is almost two times bigger than the amplitude of the change of the dry component, although ZWD is only up to 10% of ZTD. Thus, the variations in the total tropospheric delay, which indirectly reflects the weather and climatic processes due to variations in the wet component. Scientific novelty and practical significance consist in identifying the features of the annual change in the components of tropospheric delay at stations in different climatic and weather conditions. The performed research can be used in the tasks of monitoring of large hydraulic structures by GNSS methods to create regional models of the atmosphere and further studies of tropospheric delay, as they relate to its changes in space and time.
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Trevoho, Ihor, Fedir Zablotskyi, Andrzej Piskorek, Bohdan Dzhuman, and Andriy Vovk. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 93,2021, no. 93 (June 23, 2021): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.93.013.
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Purpose. The purpose of this work is obtaining connections between the Baltic and European height systems based on the I class leveling between the Ukrainian and Polish control points of the base vertical networks and construction of the quasigeoid surface on the border area. Method. Full integration of the hight system of Ukraine into the European vertical reference system (EVRS) consists of two stages: modernization of the height network of Ukraine through its integration into the United European leveling network UELN; construction and use as a regional vertical date the model of high-precision quasigeoid, which will be consistent with the European geoid EGG2015. The analysis of methods of high-precision leveling in Ukraine and Poland, and also the analysis of methods of construction of quasigeoid models in these countries is performed. Results. For integrating the Ukrainian hight system into the UELN/EVRS2000 system, the Ukrainian side performed I class geometric leveling along two lines: Lviv - Shehyni - Przemysl and Kovel - Yagodyn - Chelm with total length of 196 km. The root mean square systematic error on both lines of leveling was s<0.01 mm/km. In turn, the mean square random error along the line Lviv - Shehyni - Przemysl is h=0.29 mm/km, and along the line Kovel - Yagodyn - Chelm is h=0.27 mm/km. For double control on the cross-border part, the Polish side performed high-precision leveling with a length of 33 km. The differences between the Ukrainian and Polish leveling in all sections are within the tolerance. The analysis of influence of geodynamic phenomena on control of high-precision leveling is carried out. GNSS-leveling was performed on all fundamental and ground benchmarks, as well as horizontal marks. These measurements were used to build a quasigeoid model for the border area of Ukraine. The MSE of the obtained quasigeoid model is about 2 cm, which corresponds to the accuracy of the input information. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The connection of the Ukrainian and European height systems will ensure Ukraine’s integration into the European economic system, participation in international research of global ecological and geodynamic processes, study of the Earth’s shape and gravitational field and mapping of Ukraine using navigational and remote-sensing satellite technologies. Calculation of a high-precision model of a quasigeoid on the Ukraine area in relation to the European height system, agreed with the European geoid EGG2015, will allow to obtain gravity-dependent heights using modern satellite technologies.
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Tretyak, Kornyliy, and Ivan Brusak. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 93,2021, no. 93 (June 23, 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.93.027.
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Purpose. The purpose of this work is obtaining connections between the Baltic and European height systems based on the I class leveling between the Ukrainian and Polish control points of the base vertical networks and construction of the quasigeoid surface on the border area. Method. Full integration of the hight system of Ukraine into the European vertical reference system (EVRS) consists of two stages: modernization of the height network of Ukraine through its integration into the United European leveling network UELN; construction and use as a regional vertical date the model of high-precision quasigeoid, which will be consistent with the European geoid EGG2015. The analysis of methods of high-precision leveling in Ukraine and Poland, and also the analysis of methods of construction of quasigeoid models in these countries is performed. Results. For integrating the Ukrainian hight system into the UELN/EVRS2000 system, the Ukrainian side performed I class geometric leveling along two lines: Lviv - Shehyni - Przemysl and Kovel - Yagodyn - Chelm with total length of 196 km. The root mean square systematic error on both lines of leveling was s<0.01 mm/km. In turn, the mean square random error along the line Lviv - Shehyni - Przemysl is h=0.29 mm/km, and along the line Kovel - Yagodyn - Chelm is h=0.27 mm/km. For double control on the cross-border part, the Polish side performed high-precision leveling with a length of 33 km. The differences between the Ukrainian and Polish leveling in all sections are within the tolerance. The analysis of influence of geodynamic phenomena on control of high-precision leveling is carried out. GNSS-leveling was performed on all fundamental and ground benchmarks, as well as horizontal marks. These measurements were used to build a quasigeoid model for the border area of Ukraine. The MSE of the obtained quasigeoid model is about 2 cm, which corresponds to the accuracy of the input information. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The connection of the Ukrainian and European height systems will ensure Ukraine’s integration into the European economic system, participation in international research of global ecological and geodynamic processes, study of the Earth’s shape and gravitational field and mapping of Ukraine using navigational and remote-sensing satellite technologies. Calculation of a high-precision model of a quasigeoid on the Ukraine area in relation to the European height system, agreed with the European geoid EGG2015, will allow to obtain gravity-dependent heights using modern satellite technologies.
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Pisetskaya, Olga, Yanina Isayeva, and Maksim Goutsaki. "Application of Unmanned Flying Vehicle for Obtaining Digital Orthofotomaps." Baltic Surveying 11 (November 20, 2019): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2019.018.
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Nowadays, surveys using unmanned aerial vehicles is becoming popular. The resulting orthophotomap is the final product for creating digital plans and cardboard. The objectives of the study are to study the possibilities of obtaining orthophotomaps from survey materials using unmanned aerial vehicles based on the results of the experiment. The article describes various types of aerial photography. Some types of unmanned flying vehicles to conduct aerial photography for the purpose of monitoring, engineering surveys, inventory of agricultural land, and crop forecasts are considered. A description of aerial photography surveying is given on the example of the city of Dzerzhinsk, Minsk Region, which is performed taking into account the unmanned flying vehicles of GeoScan 201 and the Republican agricultural aero-geodesic unitary enterprise BelPSHAGI. A description of the GeoScan Planner software and basic pre-flight preparation is given. The stages of the preparatory work before the aerial photography, the creation of the planning and high-altitude geodetic justification, the implementation of aerial photography procedures, the steps of the aerial photograph anchorage procedure are considered. Agisoft Photoscan, which allows to get clouds of points, surfaces, 3D models and orthophotomaps using digital raster images are presented. The map of heights (DEM) of the terrain and the orthophotomap was made on the basis of a dense points cloud. According to the results of the research, a conclusion was made on the possibility of using aerial photography materials obtained using unmanned flying vehicles to get orthophotomaps of the required accuracy.
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Hrytskiv, Nazar, Lyubov Babiy, and Iryna Horyainova. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.135.
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The problem of applying thematic mapping of production facilities in order to obtain spatial data about the harmful effects on the environment is relevant. One of the factors that minimizes this impact is the observance of sanitary protection zones. Areas designated for sanitary protection zones must correspond to current data, which can be modeled by modern GIS technology using remote sensing data of the Earth, which will allow you to quickly and accurately obtain spatial characteristics of objects and analyze thematic information. Therefore, the aim of the work is to obtain and to analyze spatial thematic data on sanitary protection zones of industrial enterprises. Methods. For the spatial analysis of sanitary protection zones the method of modeling of spatial data using cartographic and remote sensing data and the analysis of the constructed model are applied. Results. A cartographic model was created and compliance with sanitary protection zones by industrial enterprises of Slavuta and Khmelnytsky nuclear power plant was analyzed. Scientific novelty and practical relevance. It consists in the complex application of cartographic and remote sensing data for modeling and analysis of the location of sanitary protection zones of enterprises in the city of Slavuta. The obtained thematic geospatial data can serve to eliminate the shortcomings of planning and development of both enterprises and the surrounding infrastructure. The analysis of the results showed an unsatisfactory state of compliance to requirements of sanitary protection zones by industrial enterprises in Slavuta. The tested workflow can be used for modeling and analysis of sanitary protection zones of enterprises that have a harmful effect on the environment, which will increase the level of control in the field of sanitary legislation using GIS technologies.
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Fernández-Lavado, C., G. Furdada, and M. A. Marqués. "Geomorphological method in the elaboration of hazard maps for flash-floods in the municipality of Jucuarán (El Salvador)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 7, no. 4 (July 18, 2007): 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-7-455-2007.
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Abstract. This work deals with the elaboration of flood hazard maps. These maps reflect the areas prone to floods based on the effects of Hurricane Mitch in the Municipality of Jucuarán of El Salvador. Stream channels located in the coastal range in the SE of El Salvador flow into the Pacific Ocean and generate alluvial fans. Communities often inhabit these fans can be affected by floods. The geomorphology of these stream basins is associated with small areas, steep slopes, well developed regolite and extensive deforestation. These features play a key role in the generation of flash-floods. This zone lacks comprehensive rainfall data and gauging stations. The most detailed topographic maps are on a scale of 1:25 000. Given that the scale was not sufficiently detailed, we used aerial photographs enlarged to the scale of 1:8000. The effects of Hurricane Mitch mapped on these photographs were regarded as the reference event. Flood maps have a dual purpose (1) community emergency plans, (2) regional land use planning carried out by local authorities. The geomorphological method is based on mapping the geomorphological evidence (alluvial fans, preferential stream channels, erosion and sedimentation, man-made terraces). Following the interpretation of the photographs this information was validated on the field and complemented by eyewitness reports such as the height of water and flow typology. In addition, community workshops were organized to obtain information about the evolution and the impact of the phenomena. The superimposition of this information enables us to obtain a comprehensive geomorphological map. Another aim of the study was the calculation of the peak discharge using the Manning and the paleohydraulic methods and estimates based on geomorphologic criterion. The results were compared with those obtained using the rational method. Significant differences in the order of magnitude of the calculated discharges were noted. The rational method underestimated the results owing to short and discontinuous periods of rainfall data with the result that probabilistic equations cannot be applied. The Manning method yields a wide range of results because of its dependence on the roughness coefficient. The paleohydraulic method yielded higher values than the rational and Manning methods. However, it should be pointed out that it is possible that bigger boulders could have been moved had they existed. These discharge values are lower than those obtained by the geomorphological estimates, i.e. much closer to reality. The flood hazard maps were derived from the comprehensive geomorphological map. Three categories of hazard were established (very high, high and moderate) using flood energy, water height and velocity flow deduced from geomorphological and eyewitness reports.
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Yurchenko, V. I. "Consideration of physical factors at planning topographic aerial photography." Geodesy and Cartography 983, no. 5 (June 20, 2022): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2022-983-5-53-64.
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Despite the variety of flight task preparation programs represented in the market and introduction of new standards of technical requirements in topographic aerial photography, the design issues of the latter are not worked out in detail; the criteria of pixel size selection on the ground are not defined. The necessity of considering all the input data i.e. customer requirements to the outcome product, characteristics of the used technical means of flight support, navigation and photographic equipment, the impact of external factors of the photographic environment was noted in the paper. Within the framework of the unified methodical approach to the choice of the pixel size in the design, the use of theoretical and physical similarity criteria is proposed. The method provides analyzing aerial photography’s all external and internal factors complex interaction and consideration of their affecting the result. Physical criteria, i.e. stability of flight, image quality of images, and depth of depicted high-altitude objects sharpness are considered in detail. The theoretical justification of determining the similarity coefficients is given. It analyzes the changes in coefficients depending on focal length, camera exposure parameters, etc. The method of taking into account physical factors and estimation of design accuracy is presented. The software implementation of the method is described. The practical example of multi-factor data analysis for selection of pixel size for designing large-scale aerial photography of built-up area is considered. The relevance of determining the coefficients directly in the course of aerial survey is shown.
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Fensham, R. J., and R. J. Fairfax. "Aerial photography for assessing vegetation change: a review of applications and the relevance of findings for Australian vegetation history." Australian Journal of Botany 50, no. 4 (2002): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt01032.
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Studies attempting to calibrate vegetation attributes from aerial photography with field data are reviewed in detail. It is concluded that aerial photography has considerable advantages over satellite-based data because of its capacity to assess the vertical dimension of vegetation and the longer time period the record spans. Limitations of using the aerial photo record as digital data include standardising image contrast and rectification. Some of these problems can be circumvented by manual techniques, but problems of crown exaggeration that varies with photo scale and variation in contrast between the textures of tree crowns and the ground remain. Applications of aerial photography for assessing vegetation change are also reviewed and include deforestation, reforestation, changes in vegetation boundaries, tree density, community composition and crown dieback. These changes have been assessed at scales ranging from individual tree crowns to regional landscapes. In Australia, aerial photography has provided a clear demonstration of deforestation rates and the expansion and contraction of forest and woodland, which is generally attributed to changes in grazing and fire regimes. It is suggested that manual techniques with point-based sampling, digital processing of data for complete spatial coverages and the application of photogrammetric measurements with stereo-plotters are all techniques with great promise for utilising this underrated medium for assessment of vegetation dynamics.
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Liu, Hong, Mu Lin, and Luyan Deng. "UAV route planning for aerial photography under interval uncertainties." Optik 127, no. 20 (October 2016): 9695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.06.117.
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Davies, K. M., J. P. Haughton, Paul W. Williams, D. McCourt, P. N. O'Farrell, Desmond A. Gillmor, Breandán S. Mac Aodha, et al. "Reviews of Books." Irish Geography 6, no. 2 (January 2, 2017): 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1970.977.
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IRELAND: A SYSTEMATIC AND REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY, by B. S. Mac Aodha and E. A. Currie. Dublin: Educational Company of Ireland, 1968. xiii + 297 pp. 16s. 6d.THE WAY THAT I WENT, by Robert Lloyd Praeger. Dublin: Allen Figgis Ltd, 1969. 394 pp. 15s.THE CAVES OF NORTH‐WEST CLARE, by the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society (edited by E. K. Tratman). Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1969. 256 pp. 120s.GOLA: THE LIFE AND LAST DAYS OF AN ISLAND COMMUNITY, by F. H. A. Aalen and Hugh Brody. Cork: The Mercier Press, 1969. 127 pp. 12s 6d.TRANSPORT NETWORKS AND THE IRISH ECONOMY, by Patrick O'Sullivan. London: London School of Economics and Political Science, Geographical Papers No. 4, 1969. 62 pp. 21s.IRELAND IN WORLD COMMERCE, by Charles Hultman. Cork: the Mercier Press, 1969. 160 pp. 12s 6d.AINMNEACHA GAEILGE NA mBAILTE POIST, Oifig an tSoláthair, 1969. 187 pp. 5s.THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF IRISH SOCIETY, by E. R. Norman and J.K.S. St Joseph. Cambridge: the University Press, 1969. 126 pp. with 70 aerial photographs. 80s.THE HISTORY OF WATER POWER IN ULSTER, by H. D. Gribbon. Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1969. 299 pp. 50s.REPORT OF THE IRISH BOUNDARY COMMISSION, 1925, with an introduction by Geoffrey J. Hand. Shannon: the Irish University Press, 1969. xxxiii + 155 + 109 pp. 65s.THE FERMANAGH STORY, by Peadar Livingstone. Enniskillen: Cumann Seanchas Chlochair, St. Michael's College, 1969. viii + 570 pp. £3.DINNSEANCHAS. Vol. 1, No. 2, December 1964 —Vol. 3, June 1969. An Cumann Logainmneacha, Baile Átha Cliath. 10s per annum.JOURNAL OF THE KERRY ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. No. 3, 1970. 197 pp. Not available to non‐members.JOURNAL OF THE OLD ATHLONE SOCIETY. Vol. 1, No. 1, 1969. 54 pp. 15s.TEATHBHA: JOURNAL OF THE LONGFORD HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Vol. 1, No. 1, 1969. 80 pp. 10s.JOURNAL OF THE OLD WEXFORD SOCIETY. No. 2, 1969. 110 pp. 5s.Reviews of mapsIRELAND: GENERAL SOIL MAP. Dublin: National Soil Survey, Soils Division, An Foras Talúntais. 1: 575,000. 1969. 37 in. × 24½ in. 10s.MAP OF DUBLIN, 1: 18,000. Dublin: Ordnance Survey, 1969. 37 in. × 21½ in. On paper, flat, 4s., or folded with cover and index, 5s.
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Chen, Xiliang, Gang Li, Lan Yang, Qifan Nie, Xinyue Ye, Yanjun Liang, and Tingting Xu. "Profiling unmanned aerial vehicle photography tourists." Current Issues in Tourism 23, no. 14 (August 13, 2019): 1705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1653832.
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Warner, William S. "Benefits of small-format aerial photography." Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography 43, no. 1 (January 1989): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00291958908552216.
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Zhongyu, Kui. "18-23 MSP MULTI-SPECTRAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." National Remote Sensing Bulletin, no. 4 (1991): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11834/jrs.1991047.
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Huda, Feblil, Kaspul Anuar, Syafri Syafri, and Anita Susilawati. "PEMBUATAN PETA GEOSPASIAL MELALUI PEMETAAN UDARA PADA KELURAHAN BATU BERSURAT, KECAMATAN XIII KOTO KAMPAR, KABUPATEN KAMPAR, PROVINSI RIAU." Dinamisia : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 3, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v3i1.2060.
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One of the most commonly used geospatial mapping methods is photogrammetry (aerial mapping). Photogrammetry is a method of mapping objects on the surface of the earth by using aerial photography as a medium. The aerial mapping process is carried out through cameras installed on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). From the aerial photography, object interpretation and geometry measurements will be carried out to produce line maps, digital maps and photo maps. In general, photogrammetry is a mapping technology by utilizing aerial photography to be processed into a geo-spatial information system. Batu Bersurat Village is one of the villages located in Subdistrict XIII Koto Kampar, Kampar Regency, which did not have a geospatial information map. Community service team from the Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of Riau had a plan to carry out community service activities in Batu Besurat Village in the form of making geospatial information maps through aerial mapping. This aerial mapping activity was carried out by utilizing UAV with the type of fixed wing. In its implementation, the community service activities were planned to involve Mechanical Engineering students, university students of the University of Riau, village officials and the local community. It is expected that with this community service program, the geospatial information system map made by Batu Bersurat Village can be used in village spatial planning for agricultural land, residential land and validation of village boundaries.
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Keysar, Hagit. "A spatial testimony: The politics of do-it-yourself aerial photography in East Jerusalem." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 37, no. 3 (December 28, 2018): 523–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775818820326.
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In this paper, I examine the kind of testimony enabled by do-it-yourself aerial photography with kites or balloons in situations of political and spatial conflict, and how this plays on the surface of proliferating uses of geospatial technologies in a human rights context. The case study presented here concerns the use of do-it-yourself aerial photography in the context of discriminatory urban planning policies and practices against the Palestinian population of East Jerusalem. Its analysis shows that the political potentials of do-it-yourself aerial photography go further than just enabling the independent production of high-resolution aerial evidence in near real-time settings. It brings forth a distinctive kind of testimony, which I term a “spatial testimony,” that pushes against a certain threshold of participation in human rights truth production and sheds light on the political role embodiment may play in such processes. The “spatial testimony” denotes not only the visual image or the speech act related to the testimony but also the whole process of experimentation with a self-built instrument that unsettles and reconfigures the political space of relations between human rights, human bodies, and technoscientific objects.
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LITVINOV, Denis V. "MODERN METHODS OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS." Urban construction and architecture 7, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2017.04.19.
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In the article the results of research works of a large-scale object of cultural heritage of the Earth mound of the Krasnoyarsk fortress with application of aerial photography from the unmanned aerial vehicle are presented. The Krasnoyarsk fortress is a unique monument of military fortifi cation architecture of Russia of the fi rst half of the XVIII century and one of the largest defensive lines in Russia, created for protection of the southeastern edge of the European Russia against att acks of nomads. The results of vertical and oblique aerial photography allow to reveal the general architectural and planning composition of the Earth mound of fortress as well as to see all the area of a complex and to defi ne the territorial unity with other fortifi cation constructions. The methods of use of unmanned aerial vehicles give materials about the object in study and allow to bind its spatial location to the coordinate system of the terrain, to create three-dimensional model of the area, to compare the received images with the available historical cards and plans, which will signifi cantly facilitate the task of registering the Fortress with the security authorities and withdrawing its territory from economic use.