Academic literature on the topic 'Aerial photography in soil conservation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Aerial photography in soil conservation"
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Đorđević, Dejan Radovan, Uroš Đurić, Saša Tomislav Bakrač, Siniša Milanko Drobnjak, and Stevan Radojčić. "Using Historical Aerial Photography in Landslide Monitoring: Umka Case Study, Serbia." Land 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122282.
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The application of remote sensing methods provides useful information that can be used for numerous research. Thus, spatial changes in soil, vegetation, hydrography and such can be analyzed. By analyzing the data obtained by remote sensing methods, high-quality and important data can be obtained for monitoring changes in soil movement caused by landslides. This method provides the possibility of determining the state of the observed space over a longer period of time. Historical aerial imagery has a high level of spatial detail analysis. Comparative analysis of the aerial imagery from the past, recent ones and other surveys can certainly provide information on the trend of ground movement, as well as lead to conclusions for taking specific measures. The present paper gives an example of the analysis of the particular area of the “Umka” landslide based on historical surveys. The “Umka” landslide is located along the right bank of the Sava River near the city of Belgrade, which, with its long-term activity, jeopardizes residential buildings, infrastructure facilities and the population that still lives on it.
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Franco, Julia A., and John W. Morgan. "Using historical records, aerial photography and dendroecological methods to determine vegetation changes in a grassy woodland since European settlement." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 1 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06092.
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By using historical records, aerial photography and dendroecological methods, we assessed the vegetation changes that have occurred in a grassy-woodland landscape at Inverleigh, Victoria, since 1850. Land managers have perceived that encroachment by native shrubs such as Acacia paradoxa DC. has occurred in woodlands in the area after their reservation for conservation following a long period of stock grazing, but data are needed to place these recent changes in context. The vegetation has passed through three management phases since early European settlement and these have contributed to the present vegetation patterns. The area was (1) initially set aside as a timber reserve at the time of European settlement and was periodically grazed by stock. (2) Logging, plantation forestry and stock grazing regimes caused large-scale disturbances to the understorey vegetation during the early 1900s and continued to the 1980s. In the 1970s, disturbances caused by recreational activities intensified the vegetation modification. During this time, the vegetation changed from an open woodland to denser, shrubbier woodland. Most soil disturbances ceased when (3) the area was declared a flora reserve in 1988. Evidence suggests that with the cessation of these disturbances, populations of the native shrub Acacia paradoxa increased dramatically, reducing the tree-gap area significantly. The major increase occurred from 1974 to 2002 when the area of tree gap declined by 38%. Age-class analyses suggested that most (>80%) of the A. paradoxa population is less than 25 years old, but plants may be able to live beyond 60 years. Logistic regression modelling suggested that distance to closest track influences present-day A. paradoxa distribution, as does soil moisture. This suggests that the soil disturbance from grading tracks and vehicle movements may be facilitating both the spread and initial establishment of A. paradoxa, particularly on soils of higher soil-moisture holding capacity. Strategies for future woodland management must consider how the current vegetation dynamics reflect past land-use history, and land managers must choose appropriate goals for biodiversity conservation in the light of these changes.
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Samani, Aliakbar Nazari, Fatemeh Tavakoli Rad, Maryam Azarakhshi, Mohammad Reza Rahdari, and Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. "Assessment of the Sustainability of the Territories Affected by Gully Head Advancements through Aerial Photography and Modeling Estimations: A Case Study on Samal Watershed, Iran." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 16, 2018): 2909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082909.
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Gully erosion is considered one of the major issues of land sustainability because it can remove considerable volumes of sediment and productive soils. Once started, gullies can continue to move by headcut retreat, or slumping of the side walls. Studies of gully development require constant monitoring activities which are not possible in not-well-explored areas, such as the arduous region of Iran, due to costs and a lack of geoinformation. Thus, the present research attempts to assess gully evolution using only two digital aerial photographs of different periods (1968 and 1994) and field assessment (2009) to estimate the gully head advancement based on frames geometry and rigorous procedure in southwestern Iran. Also, the gully head advancement was estimated and compared among them by different empirical equations. The results indicated that the mean of gully head advancement was 1.4 m year−1 and 1.2 m year−1 during 1968–1994 and 1994–2009, respectively, and the annual average of sediment mobilization was 26.8 m3 ha−1 in 2009. The model assessment indexes indicated that SCS (Soil Conservation Service) II was the best model for gully head advancement estimations in this study area. The main reasons for this can be associated with the Rp factor (previous gully head advancement) and the local environmental conditions. We conclude that the sustainability of the territory has been greatly affected due to this advancement. We also hypothesize that gully head changes could be related to the susceptibility of geological formations, climate, soil properties, and the coincidence of other gullies’ formation with common drainage networks in the study area. Based on the obtained results, land managers can use the results to distinguish the gullies in this region with a higher environmental risk, and to decide an effective implementation of soil conservation measures in order to include them in the land management plans.
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Burke, Morgen, Bradley Rundquist, and Haochi Zheng. "Detection of Shelterbelt Density Change Using Historic APFO and NAIP Aerial Imagery." Remote Sensing 11, no. 3 (January 22, 2019): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11030218.
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Grand Forks County, North Dakota, boasts the highest concentration of shelterbelts in the World. As trees age and reach their lifespan limits, renovations should have taken place with new trees being planted. However, in recent years, the rate of tree removal is thought to exceed the rate of replanting, which can result in a net loss of shelterbelts. Through manual digitization and geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA), we mapped shelterbelt densities in the Grand Forks County using historical and contemporary aerial photography, and estimated actual changes in density over 54 years. Our results showed a doubling in shelterbelt densities from 1962 to 2014, with an increase of 6402 m2/km2 over the 52 years (or 123 m2/km2/year). From 2014 to 2016, we measured 1,040,178 m2 of shelterbelt areas removed from the county, creating a density loss of −157 m2/km2/year. The total change over two years was relatively small compared with that seen over the previous 52 years. However, the fact that the rate of shelterbelt planting has slowed, and more removal is occurring, should be of concern for an increased risk of wind erosion, similar to that experienced in Midwestern U.S. during the 1930s. The reduction of shelterbelt density is likely related to changes in farming practices and a decline in the Conservation Reserve Program, resulting from the increased returns of growing other row crops. To encourage shelterbelt planting as a conservation practice, additional guidelines and financial support should be considered to balance the tradeoff between soil erosion and agricultural intensification.
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Mwalyosi, Raphael B. B. "Land-use Changes and Resource Degradation in South–West Masailand, Tanzania." Environmental Conservation 19, no. 2 (1992): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900030629.
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This study uses sequential aerial photography to identify environmental changes. The interpreted aerial photos constitute a data-bank of past and present land cover/uses.* Substantial changes have been observed in the areas of cultivation, woody cover, and bare ground.An increased 449.9% of the surveyed area has been cleared for cultivation during the last 30 years, while 77.2% of the former woodland has been destroyed during the same period, contributing to a 15.6% increase in grassland. Bare ground increased by 33.1%. Increased cultivation is caused by increase in the population of subsistence farmers and mechanization. Expansion of cultivation and overexploitation of woody resources (fuel-wood and building materials) are the causes of decline in the woody vegetation. As consumption of woody resources exceeds natural regeneration, woody cover is gradually replaced by grasslands.Diminution of the woody vegetation results in shortage of fuel-wood and building materials and consequent misery to the local people. Expansion of cultivation reduces grazing-land, leading to overstocking and overgrazing. Extensive cultivation, based on soil ‘mining’, subjects more and more land to physical and chemical soil degradation, leading in turn to decline in soil fertility and crop yields. Both overgrazing and extensive cultivation accelerate soil erosion in the area, reducing available cropland, while siltation and flooding cause serious damage to property and infrastructure.Lack of effective land-use planning, uncontrolled population growth, and introduction of the Tanzanian village agricultural production system in a semi-arid area, have contributed to the present deplorable state of affairs. In general, the area shows increasing environmental degradation and resource depletion, while very little conservation effort is being made to reverse the trend. These results indicate that a sustainable resource management plan is urgently needed for the area.
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Mohawesh, Y., A. Taimeh, and F. Ziadat. "Effects of land use changes and soil conservation intervention on soil properties as indicators for land degradation under a Mediterranean climate." Solid Earth 6, no. 3 (July 23, 2015): 857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-6-857-2015.
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Abstract. Land degradation resulting from improper land use and management is a major cause of declined productivity in the arid environment. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of a sequence of land use changes, soil conservation measures, and the time since their implementation on the degradation of selected soil properties. The climate for the selected 105 km2 watershed varies from semi-arid sub-tropical to Mediterranean sub-humid. Land use changes were detected using aerial photographs acquired in 1953, 1978, and 2008. A total of 218 samples were collected from 40 sites in three different rainfall zones to represent different land use changes and variable lengths of time since the construction of stone walls. Analyses of variance were used to test the differences between the sequences of land use changes (interchangeable sequences of forest, orchards, field crops, and range), the time since the implementation of soil conservation measures, rainfall on the thickness of the A-horizon, soil organic carbon content, and texture. Soil organic carbon reacts actively with different combinations and sequences of land use changes. The time since stone walls were constructed showed significant impacts on soil organic carbon and the thickness of the surface horizon. The effects of changing the land use and whether the changes were associated with the construction of stone walls varied according to the annual rainfall. The changes in soil properties could be used as indicators of land degradation and to assess the impact of soil conservation programs. The results help in understanding the effects of land use changes on land degradation processes and carbon sequestration potential and in formulating sound soil conservation plans.
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van Ardenne, Lee B., and Gail L. Chmura. "Applying Airborne LiDAR to Map Salt Marsh Inland Boundaries." Remote Sensing 13, no. 21 (October 22, 2021): 4245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214245.
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The determination of rates and stocks of carbon storage in salt marshes, as well as their protection, require that we know where they and their boundaries are. Marsh boundaries are conventionally mapped through recognition of plant communities using aerial photography or satellite imagery. We examined the possibility of substituting the use of 1 m resolution LiDAR-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) and tidal elevations to establish salt marsh upper boundaries on the New Brunswick coasts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Bay of Fundy, testing this method at tidal ranges from ≤2 to ≥4 m. LiDAR-mapped marsh boundaries were verified with high spatial resolution satellite imagery and a subset through field mapping of the upland marsh edge based upon vegetation and soil characteristics, recording the edge location and elevation with a Differential Geographic Positioning System. The results show that the use of high-resolution LiDAR and tidal elevation data can successfully map the upper boundary of salt marshes without the need to first map plant species. The marsh map area resulting from our mapping was ~30% lower than that in the province’s aerial-photograph-based maps. However, the difference was not primarily due to the location of the upper marsh boundaries but more so because of the exclusion of mudflats and large creeks (features that are not valued as carbon sinks) using the LiDAR method that are often mapped as marsh areas in the provincial maps. Despite some minor limitations, the development of DEMs derived from LiDAR can be applied to update and correct existing salt marsh maps along extensive sections of coastlines in less time than required to manually trace from imagery. This is vital information for governments and NGOs seeking to conserve these environments, as accurate mapping of the location and area of these ecosystems is a necessary basis for conservation prioritization indices.
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Alías, Juan Carlos, José Antonio Mejías, and Natividad Chaves. "Effect of Cropland Abandonment on Soil Carbon Stock in an Agroforestry System in Southwestern Spain." Land 11, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030425.
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The low profitability of agricultural products in a globalized market context is causing the abandonment of less profitable agroforestry systems in Spain. This fact is implicated in a change in land use, increasing the forest area, which could alter the carbon stock in the soil. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine if the abandonment of rural areas and the change in land use has an impact on the soil organic carbon stock in agroforestry systems in southwestern Spain. Through historical aerial photographs and current satellite images, sites were identified where samples of abandoned agricultural soils in the 1950s were collected. They were compared with soil samples from adjacent locations whose agricultural activities continue to this day. After more than 60 years, the abandonment of agricultural activity is associated with a 54% increase in C concentration and 34.8% in soil organic carbon in the upper 30 cm of soil profiles. Therefore, the abandonment of agricultural land has influenced the carbon stock of this territory, becoming a carbon sink.
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Tutur, Edo Kharisma Army, and Arif Rohman. "Morphometry Analysis of Sedayu Mountainous Catchment Areas from Detailed Aerial Photos." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1047, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1047/1/012014.
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Abstract Morphometric analysis is a powerful tool to understand the hydrological process quantitatively and the main requirement to determine the hydrological characteristics of a watershed. Morphometric analysis to determine the drainage characteristics of the Sedayu River Sub-watershed, Semaka District, Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province was carried out using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data. The primary data used is aerial photography using drones, the location of aerial photos representing watersheds of concern. The catchment area morphometrics were obtained from the extraction of the morphometric characteristics of the combined DEM data from the mountain watershed and the analysis of topographic maps by using ArcGIS software. Based on reports over a period of time, at several points in the area there are frequent river floods that overflow during heavy rains. Morphometric analysis in flood-prone areas with high rainfall is needed. The morphology of the Sedayu area has contrasting variations consisting of several gentle alluvial plains, some of which are Bukit Barisan hills with varying slope variations. The Sedayu watershed in this study is divided into 3 sub-watersheds, namely: sub-watershed A, sub-watershed B, and sub-watershed C. However, only sub-watershed A is the focus of morphometric analysis because its longest river, record flood disasters, landslide records, and has upstream to residential. Morphometric analysis was carried out on parameters such as watershed area (A), watershed length (Lb), main river length (Ln ), watershed width (W), drainage density (Dd ), bifurcation ratio (Rb ), and circularity ratio (Rc ). The results of morphometric calculations are the length of the watershed 4.82 km, the length of the main river is Sub-watershed A 8.996 km, the width of the watershed 0.686 km, and watershed area 4.861 km2 Based on these results can be calculated drainage density (Dd ) 2.719 km/km2 which means Sub-watershed A of a rough type with the inundated surface, permeable sub-soil, and resistant to erosion. Bifurcation ratio (Rb ) is 3.333 which means sub-watershed A has a rapid rise and fall in floodwater. Then, the circularity Ratio (Rc ) 0.32 which means Sub-watershed A is elongated so that the peak discharge and decrease flow quickly and causes a link with the hydrological response of rainfall-runoff. The results of this morphometric characteristic analysis are the right reference for planning strategies for soil erosion control and soil conservation.
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Moinardeau, Cannelle, François Mesléard, Hervé Ramone, and Thierry Dutoit. "Short-Term Effects on Diversity and Biomass on Grasslands from Artificial Dykes under Grazing and Mowing Treatments." Environmental Conservation 46, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892918000346.
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SummaryFew studies document the impacts of conservation management practices such as extensive grazing or mowing on the new ecosystems created by industrial conversions. In southern France, the Rhône channelling led to the construction of dykes to protect the Tricastin industrialized area from floods. Aiming to control plant dynamics for safety reasons and to favour plant biodiversity, mowing or extensive grazing by cattle were recently tested. Monitoring from both permanent plots and aerial photographs shows that three years of extensive grazing and annual mechanical mowing have modified plant composition, significantly increasing plant species richness, evenness and heterogeneity. The increase in evenness and beta-diversity from grazing was significantly higher than from mowing. Only grazing was able to reduce the height and cover of the dominant tussock perennial grass species (Brachypodium phoenicoides), while increasing bare soil cover and thus the contribution of annual species. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained through aerial photographic analyses confirmed the correlation between NDVI, aboveground biomass and plant species richness for the grazed site alone, allowing the results obtained from quadrats to be generalized to the scale of the grazed site. On the Rhône’s artificial dykes, extensive grazing appears to be a better management tool than mowing to enhance plant biodiversity and meet safety objectives.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aerial photography in soil conservation"
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Forsyth, Aurelia Therese. "Identifying and mapping invasive alien plant individuals and stands from aerial photography and satellite images in the central Hawequa conservation area." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5118.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThe Cape Floristic Region, situated at the southern tip of Africa, is one of the world’s most botanically diverse regions. The biodiversity of this region faces various types of threats, which can be divided into three main categories, namely increasing urbanisation, agriculture expansion, and the spread of invasive alien vegetation. It has been shown that botanically diverse areas are more prone to invasion by invasive alien plant (IAP) species. The Hawequa conservation area, in the south-western Cape, is particularly botanically diverse, such that it is very prone to aggressive invasion by IAP species. Therefore, conservation management of the Hawequa conservation area urgently need to map, prioritise and clear IAP species. Due to the topographical complexity of this mountainous area, it is not possible to map the distribution of IAP species throughout the protected area by conventional field methods. Remote sensing may be able to provide a suitable alternative for mapping. The aim of this research was to assess various image classification methods,using two types of high-resolution imagery (colour aerial photography and WorldView-2 satellite imagery), in order to map the distribution of IAP species, including small stands and individuals. Specifically, the study will focus on mapping Pinus and Acacia spp. in a study site of approximately 9 225ha in the Hawequa conservation rea. Supervised classification was performed using two different protocols, namely per-pixel and per-field. For the per-pixel classification Iterative Self-Organising Data Analyses Technique (ISODATA) was used, a method supported by ERDAS Imagine. The per-field (object-based) classification was done using fractal net evolution approach (FNEA), a method supported by eCognition. The per-pixel classification mapped the extent of Pinus and Acacia spp. in the study area as 1 205.8 ha (13%) and 80.1 ha (0.9%) respectively, and the perfield classification as 1 120.9 ha (12.1%) and 96.8 ha (1.1%) respectively. Accuracy assessments performed on the resulting thematic maps generated from these two classification methods had a kappa coefficient of 0.700 for the per-pixel classification and 0.408 for the per-field classification. Even though the overall extent of IAP species for each of these methods is similar, the reliability of the actual thematic maps is vastly different. These findings suggest that mapping IAP species (especially Pinus spp.) stands and individuals in highly diverse natural veld, the traditional per-pixel classification still proves to be the best method when using high-resolution images. In the case of Acacia spp., which often occurs along rivers, it is more difficult to distinguish them from the natural riverine vegetation. Using WorldView-2 satellite images for large areas can be very expensive (approximately R120 per km2 in 2011), but in comparison with the cost of mapping and the subsequent clearing, especially in inaccessible areas, it might be a worthwhile investment. Alternative image sources such as the high resolution digital colour infrared aerial photography must be considered as a good source for mapping IAP species in high altitude areas.
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Pelcat, Yann S. "Soil landscape characterization of crop stubble covered fields using Ikonos high resolution panchromatic images." Thesis, Winnipeg : University of Manitoba, 2006. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/MWU/TC-MWU-224.pdf.
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Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Manitoba, 2006.A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, Department of Soil Science. Includes bibliographical references.
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Silva, Hugo Amancio Sales [UNESP]. "Dinâmica da paisagem na microbacia hidrográfica do rio Mojuí, oeste do estado do Pará." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93827.
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000755428.pdf: 1772727 bytes, checksum: 25340537986dda5d7885dbce168e3429 (MD5)Atualmente, as questões conservacionistas têm sido discutidas com grande ênfase pela sociedade em geral, principalmente sobre a paisagem amazônica. Dentro desse contexto está a bacia hidrográfica do rio Mojuí, localizada nos municípios de Santarém e Belterra, no estado do Pará. Esta vem sofrendo constantes explorações dos seus recursos naturais, principalmente devido à conversão de áreas com florestas em áreas agrícolas, principalmente para cultivo da soja. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar, mapear e quantificar, em escala de semi detalhe, as áreas das classes de cobertura vegetal e uso da terr0a no período de 11 anos, com o uso de imagens LANDSAT, órbita/ pontos 227/62, bandas TM 3, 4 e 5, referentes aos anos de 1999, 2005 e 2010, a dinâmica da paisagem na região. A seleção das imagens foi determinada considerando-se o período climático semelhante, com as mesmas circunstâncias de iluminação e cobertura de nuvens. Os limites da bacia foram estabelecidos pelos divisores topográficos que formam a área que drena para um ponto específico. Baseando-se nos dados obtidos no levantamento de campo e com o suporte da fotointerpretação das cenas dos sensores nos anos estabelecidos pela pesquisa, foi definida uma legenda temática para classificação da vegetação e uso do solo na bacia, sendo identificadas sete formas de coberturas vegetais e uso do solo na área de abrangência da bacia. Foram estabelecidas as seguintes classes de cobertura do solo...
Currently, conservation issues have been discussed with great emphasis by society in general, especially on the Amazon landscape. Within this context is Mojuí River watershed, located in the cities of Santarém and Belterra, in the state of Pará This comes under constant exploration of natural resources, mainly due to conversion of forest areas into agricultural areas, mainly for soybeans cultivation. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify mapping , semi -scale detail , the areas of vegetation cover classes and land use in the period of 11 years as use of LANDSAT , orbit / points 227/62 , TM bands 3 , 4:05 , for the years 1999 , 2005 and 4 2010 , the landscape dynamics in the region . The selection of images was determined considering the similar climatic period, with the same lighting conditions and cloud cover. The boundaries of the basin were established by dividers that form the topographic area that drains to a specific point. Based on the data obtained in the field survey and with the support of photointerpretation the scenes of the sensors in the years established by research, has defined a thematic caption for vegetation classification and land use in the basin, identified seven forms of vegetation and land use in the catchment area of the basin. We defined the following classes of land cover: Rain Forest , Secondary Succession , Alluvial Rain Forest , Grassland , Degraded Grassland , Agriculture and Water Bodies . During the research it was observed that the Moju river watershed has lost 221.73 km² of natural vegetation cover (dense ombrophilous forest, alluvial dense ombrophilous forest). Until 1999 the dense ombrophilous forest class was the largest present at the watershed, however from 2005 on the agricultural class became the largest at that location, with an increase of approximately 518.11% of the initial research area. When the results were analyzed more ...
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Silva, Hugo Amancio Sales 1988. "Dinâmica da paisagem na microbacia hidrográfica do rio Mojuí, oeste do estado do Pará /." Botucatu:, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93827.
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Orientador: Sérgio CamposBanca: Ellen Fitipaldi Brasilio Carrega
Banca: Maria Nazaré Martins Maciel
Resumo: Atualmente, as questões conservacionistas têm sido discutidas com grande ênfase pela sociedade em geral, principalmente sobre a paisagem amazônica. Dentro desse contexto está a bacia hidrográfica do rio Mojuí, localizada nos municípios de Santarém e Belterra, no estado do Pará. Esta vem sofrendo constantes explorações dos seus recursos naturais, principalmente devido à conversão de áreas com florestas em áreas agrícolas, principalmente para cultivo da soja. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar, mapear e quantificar, em escala de semi detalhe, as áreas das classes de cobertura vegetal e uso da terr0a no período de 11 anos, com o uso de imagens LANDSAT, órbita/ pontos 227/62, bandas TM 3, 4 e 5, referentes aos anos de 1999, 2005 e 2010, a dinâmica da paisagem na região. A seleção das imagens foi determinada considerando-se o período climático semelhante, com as mesmas circunstâncias de iluminação e cobertura de nuvens. Os limites da bacia foram estabelecidos pelos divisores topográficos que formam a área que drena para um ponto específico. Baseando-se nos dados obtidos no levantamento de campo e com o suporte da fotointerpretação das cenas dos sensores nos anos estabelecidos pela pesquisa, foi definida uma legenda temática para classificação da vegetação e uso do solo na bacia, sendo identificadas sete formas de coberturas vegetais e uso do solo na área de abrangência da bacia. Foram estabelecidas as seguintes classes de cobertura do solo ...
Abstract: Currently, conservation issues have been discussed with great emphasis by society in general, especially on the Amazon landscape. Within this context is Mojuí River watershed, located in the cities of Santarém and Belterra, in the state of Pará This comes under constant exploration of natural resources, mainly due to conversion of forest areas into agricultural areas, mainly for soybeans cultivation. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify mapping , semi -scale detail , the areas of vegetation cover classes and land use in the period of 11 years as use of LANDSAT , orbit / points 227/62 , TM bands 3 , 4:05 , for the years 1999 , 2005 and 4 2010 , the landscape dynamics in the region . The selection of images was determined considering the similar climatic period, with the same lighting conditions and cloud cover. The boundaries of the basin were established by dividers that form the topographic area that drains to a specific point. Based on the data obtained in the field survey and with the support of photointerpretation the scenes of the sensors in the years established by research, has defined a thematic caption for vegetation classification and land use in the basin, identified seven forms of vegetation and land use in the catchment area of the basin. We defined the following classes of land cover: Rain Forest , Secondary Succession , Alluvial Rain Forest , Grassland , Degraded Grassland , Agriculture and Water Bodies . During the research it was observed that the Moju river watershed has lost 221.73 km² of natural vegetation cover (dense ombrophilous forest, alluvial dense ombrophilous forest). Until 1999 the dense ombrophilous forest class was the largest present at the watershed, however from 2005 on the agricultural class became the largest at that location, with an increase of approximately 518.11% of the initial research area. When the results were analyzed more ...
Mestre
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Madsen, Matthew D. "Influence of Soil Water Repellency on Post-fire Revegetation Success and Management Techniques to Improve Establishment of Desired Species." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1994.
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The influence of soil water repellency (WR) on vegetation recovery after a fire is poorly understood. This dissertation presents strategies to broaden opportunities for enhanced post-fire rangeland restoration and monitoring of burned piñon and juniper (P-J) woodlands by: 1) mapping the extent and severity of critical and subcritical WR, 2) determining the influence of WR on soil ecohydrologic properties and revegetation success, and 3) evaluating the suitability of a wetting agent composed of alkylpolyglycoside-ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers as a post-fire restoration tool for ameliorating the effects of soil WR and increasing seedling establishment. Results indicate that: • Post-fire patterns of soil WR were highly correlated to pre-fire P-J woodland canopy structure. Critical soil WR levels occurred under burned tree canopies while sub-critical WR extended out to approximately two times the canopy radius. At sites where critical soil WR was present, infiltration rate, soil moisture, and vegetation cover were significantly less than at non-hydrophobic sites. These parameters were also reduced in soils with subcritical WR relative to non-hydrophobic soils (albeit to a lesser extent). Aerial photography coupled with feature extraction software and geographic information systems (GIS) proved to be an effective tool for mapping P-J cover and density, and for scaling-up field surveys of soil WR to the fire boundary scale. • Soil WR impairs seed germination and seedling establishment by decreasing soil moisture availability by reducing infiltration, decreasing soil moisture storage capacity, and disconnecting soil surface layers from underlying moisture reserves. Consequently, soil WR appears to be acting as a temporal ecological threshold by impairing establishment of desired species within the first few years after a fire. • Wetting agents can significantly improve ecohydrologic properties required for plant growth by overcoming soil WR; thus, increasing the amount and duration of available water for seed germination and seedling establishment. Success of this technology appears to be the result of the wetting agent increasing soil moisture amount and availability by 1) improving soil infiltration and water holding capacity; and 2) allowing seedling roots to connect to underling soil moisture reserves.
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Fernandes, Sandro Roberto. "Ferramenta de visão computacional para processos fotogramétricos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=718.
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Nesta dissertação é apresentado o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional para o processamento de pares de imagens estereoscópicas obtidos por câmeras aéreas métricas e não métricas. O programa foi desenvolvido na linguagem C++ e foi utilizado a biblioteca OpenGL. O resultado obtido é uma imagem tridimensional de onde pode ser extraídas cotas de altura e formas de terreno. Estas imagens poderão ser usadas no estudo de áreas de risco em encostas.In this dissertation is presented the development of a computational tool for the processing of pairs of images estereoscópicas obtained by metric and not metric aerial cameras. The program was developed in the program language C++ and the library was used OpenGL. The result of the program is a three-dimensional image from where it can be extracted height quotas and land forms. These images can be used in the study of risk areas on slopes.
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Kaaya, John Elipokea. "Comparative assessment of two aerial wildlife counting techniques in Tanzania." Thesis, 2011. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000561.
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Thesis (MTech. degree in Nature Conservation.)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2011.Effective management and conservation of wildlife populations requires reliable estimates of population size, which are however usually difficult and costly to obtain. This study investigated the efficiency of two aerial counting techniques used in estimating wildlife populations, namely systematic reconnaissance flights and aerial distance sampling. In Tanzania systematic reconnaissance flights has long been the method of choice for aerial surveys, but aerial distance sampling potentially offers a more statistically robust sampling method. These two methods where compared to evaluate their all-round effectiveness for survey objectives in Tanzania. The study further assessed the impact of sampling designs and intensities on estimates of population parameters.
Books on the topic "Aerial photography in soil conservation"
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Farrell, Susan. Evaluation of color infrared aerial surveys of wastewater soil absorption systems. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.
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United States. Bureau of Land Management. Denver Service Center., ed. The use of aerial photography to manage riparian-wetland areas. Denver, Colo: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Service Center, 1994.
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Clemmer, Pam. The use of aerial photography to manage riparian-wetland areas. 2nd ed. Denver, Colo. (P.O. Box 25047, Denver 80225-0047): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, National Science and Technology Center, 2001.
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Clemmer, Pam. The use of aerial photography to manage riparian-wetland areas. 2nd ed. Denver, Colo. (P.O. Box 25047, Denver 80225-0047): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Service Center, 2001.
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Clemmer, Pam. The use of aerial photography to manage riparian-wetland areas. Denver, Colo: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, National Science and Technology Center, 2001.
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Tianjin shi nong ye qu hua wei yuan hui. Tu di zi yuan diao cha zhuan ye zu and Tianjin shi nong ye qu hua wei yuan hui. Ban gong shi, eds. Cai se hong wai hang kong yao gan ji shu zai Tianjin shi tu di zi yuan diao cha zhong di ying yong. Beijing: Ce hui chu ban she, 1985.
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Clemmer, Pam. The use of aerial photography to manage riparian-wetland areas: Riparian area management. Denver, Colo: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Service Center, 1994.
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Batson, Fred T. The use of aerial photography to inventory and monitor riparian areas. Denver, Colo: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 1987.
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Don, Prichard, United States. Bureau of Land Management. PFC Aerial Photo Interpretation Team, and National Applied Resource Sciences Center (U.S.), eds. Using aerial photographs to assess proper functioning condition of riparian-wetland areas. Denver, CO (P.O. Box 25047, Denver 80225-0047): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, National Applied Resource Sciences Center, 1996.
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Ahrens, Werner. Zur Erfassung von Waldstrukturen im Luftbild: Arbeitsanteilung für Waldschutzgebiete in Baden-Württemberg / Werner Ahrens, Uwe Brockamp, Thomas Pisoke. Freiburg: Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, Abteilung Waldökologie, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Aerial photography in soil conservation"
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Harrison, W. D., M. E. Johnson, and P. F. Biggam. "Video Image Analysis of Large-scale Vertical Aerial Photography to Facilitate Soil Mapping." In Soil Survey Techniques, 1–9. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub20.c1.
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Franzen, David W., Lance Reitmeier, Joseph F. Giles, and Allan C. Cattanach. "Aerial Photography and Satellite Imagery to Detect Deep Soil Nitrogen Levels in Potato and Sugarbeet." In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Precision Agriculture, 281–90. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1999.precisionagproc4.c24.
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Keefer, Robert F. "Use of Soil Surveys for Landscape Architecture." In Handbook of Soils for Landscape Architects. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121025.003.0003.
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Modern soil survey reports, published since about 1959, have a wealth of information that could be useful for landscape architects. Characteristics of each specific soil are detailed in the text of the soil survey. Distinct kinds of soils for a specific site can be identified from the soil designation on the aerial photographs at the back of the report. Considerable specific information is provided in tables, including data on temperature, precipitation, freeze dates in spring and fall, woodland management and productivity, recreational development capabilities, wildlife habitat potentials, building site development possibilities, sanitary disposal potentials, engineering properties, value of materials for construction, water management limitations, physical and chemical properties of specific soils, and soil and water features. Modern soil survey reports consist of text, tables, soil maps, and often a glossary. These reports are available free to the public and are usually found in county extension services offices, soil conservation district offices, or state agricultural colleges. The text of a soil survey report describes the general nature of the county as to location in the state, climate, physiography, relief and drainage, geology, farming, natural resources, industries, history of settlement, and how the survey was conducted. Soil associations and individual soils are described in detail. Formation of soils is usually discussed in relation to the factors of soil formation. A glossary of terms is often provided for the nonscientific person. The whole county or counties in the report is shown on a soil association map, which is designed to be used to compare the suitability of large areas for general land use. The county is divided into large areas, each of which contains an association of several soils grouped by similar management. Usually from 5 to 15 soil associations are shown with a legend describing each of the specific associations. This type of information could be used for zoning purposes, county management, or other governmental activities. Aerial photos are provided on sheets showing the location of each individual soil in the county. Comprising about half of the soil survey report, this is one of the most useful sections.
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Aber, James S., Irene Marzolff, and Johannes B. Ries. "Soil Mapping and Soil Degradation." In Small-Format Aerial Photography, 229–31. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53260-2.10017-1.
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"7. Aerial Photography." In Remote Sensing in Soil Science, 155–80. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2481(08)70033-3.
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Fuller, Michael S., and Peter D. Roffers. "Erosion due to a century of road construction and maintenance at Mount Diablo State Park, California." In Regional Geology of Mount Diablo, California: Its Tectonic Evolution on the North America Plate Boundary. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.1217(07).
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ABSTRACT Mount Diablo State Park exemplifies many other conservation areas where managers balance the dual missions of protecting natural resources while providing public access. Roads and trails that crisscross the park are etched into the geomorphic surface, capturing and redirecting storm runoff, and presenting both a challenge for soil conservation and a consequence of construction and maintenance. We used field mapping, remote sensing, and modeling to assess erosion along the roads and trails in Mount Diablo State Park, which encompasses the headwaters of several urbanized watersheds. The field mapping in 2011 determined that 56% of the assessed roads and trails required either repair or reconstruction to control erosion and that ~67% of the culverts in the park required either repair or replacement. Aerial photography and modeling showed that other erosion (unrelated to roads or trails) preferentially occurred during wet periods, in specific lithologies, and on convergent slopes. Although lithology and climate drive slope-forming geomorphic processes, we found that the road and trail system (1) expanded the stream network with a capillary-like system of rills, (2) catalyzed prolonged erosion, and (3) altered the timing and pattern of sediment yield. In addition to water-driven erosion during wet periods, road and trail surfaces were subject to mechanical and wind erosion during dry periods. Spatially, dry erosion and runoff both conformed with and crossed topographic gradients by following the road and trail network. Road- and trail-induced erosion occurred across a wider range of rock properties and slope geometries than is typical for other erosion. Hence, the roads and trails have expanded the spatial and temporal boundary conditions over which geomorphic processes operate and, due to continual soil disturbance, have accelerated erosion rates. Although road density is a commonly used metric to rank road-related impacts at watershed scales, it misses both spatial variability and the opportunity to identify specific road and trail segments for remediation. We developed a spatially explicit scoring scheme based on actual erosion and the potential for sedimentation of discrete waterbodies. The data were incorporated into the park’s road and trail management plan in 2016.
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Aber, James S., Irene Marzolff, Johannes B. Ries, and Susan E. W. Aber. "Vegetation, Soil, and Soil Erosion." In Small-Format Aerial Photography and UAS Imagery, 291–305. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-812942-5.00016-1.
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Hauser, Kitty. "Revenants in the Landscape: The Discoveries of Aerial Photography." In Shadow Sites. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199206322.003.0009.
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In 1937 John Piper’s article ‘Prehistory from the Air’ was published in the final volume of the modernist art journal Axis. In it, Piper compares the landscapes of southern England, seen from above, with the modernist works of Miró and Picasso (Fig. 4.1). His interest in the aerial view is not, however, confined to its Formalist-aesthetic aspect; Piper also points out how flying and aerial photography have accelerated archaeological theory and practice. Aerial photographs, he writes, ‘have elucidated known sites of earthworks and have shown the sites of many that were previously unknown’. They are also, he continues, ‘among the most beautiful photographs ever taken’. The aerial view, it seems, could be both investigative and aesthetic. The use of aerial photography by archaeologists, known as ‘aerial archaeology’, began in earnest in Britain in the decade in which Piper was writing, although its possibilities were beginning to be suspected in the 1920s, after the use of aerial photography for reconnaissance purposes in the First World War. In the interwar period it was British archaeologists who pioneered the new methods of aerial archaeology. In his book on aerial archaeology, Leo Deuel notes that until the 1950s ‘no other European country had made any comparable effort to tap the almost limitless store of information consecutive cultures had imprinted on its soil’. As many commentators pointed out, the British landscape offered plenty of such ‘information’: the series of invasions, settlements, clearances, and developments that constitute British history have made the landscape a veritable palimpsest, the layers of which can potentially be revealed in an aerial view. Archaeologists became expert in deciphering aerial views of this palimpsest, as we shall see. But such views of Britain exercised an appeal beyond archaeological circles. Aerial photography showed Britain as it had never before been seen; it revealed aspects of the landscape hitherto unknown, or at least never before visualized in such concrete form. The aerial view ‘made strange’ long-familiar features: hills seemed to disappear, towns and cities might appear tiny, rivers and roads ran through the two-dimensional scene like veins.
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Horning, Ned, Julie A. Robinson, Eleanor J. Sterling, Woody Turner, and Sacha Spector. "Marine and coastal environments." In Remote Sensing for Ecology and Conservation. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199219940.003.0013.
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New remote sensing challenges arise from the addition of the water column to the remote sensing signal. At the same time, new opportunities for use of remotely sensed data are possible in the marine environment. Marine environments can have organisms in such great abundance that they are readily monitored using remote sensing. From measuring ocean productivity, to harmful algal blooms (HABs), to fisheries management, remote sensing is a key component of many efforts to manage and conserve marine ecosystems. For example, the small giant clam, Tridacna maxima, is endangered in some areas of the Pacific, and because of commercial harvest pressure is listed in Appendix II of the Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES, meaning they are not yet threatened by extinction but could become so if their trade is not tightly regulated). Andréfouët et al. (2005a) used field observations and remotely sensed data to study the productivity of the clam fishery in tiny (22.2 km2, including a 9.9 km2 lagoon) Fangatau Atoll (Eastern Tuamotu, French Polynesia). The fishery was under pressure due to the large (4 ton per year) export of clams to Tahiti. Remotely sensed data included a mosaic of aerial photographs (1.5 m resolution), a digital photograph taken from the International Space Station (red, green, blue, 5.6 m resolution), and Landsat TM imagery (30 m resolution). The authors classified each image of key lagoon habitats, using maximum likelihood supervised classification, with each image classified independently. They estimated the population size for the entire lagoon by multiplying the mean clam density in each habitat (from field data) by the total area of each habitat (in the maps made from the remotely sensed data). Amazingly, an estimated 23.65 ± 5.33 million clams (mean ± 95 percent confidence interval) inhabited the 4.05 km2 area of suitable habitat in the lagoon. The high spatial resolution data (1.5 m aerial and 5.6 m astronaut photography data) both gave equivalent estimates of the biomass with good estimates of accuracy, but the Landsat 30 m data overestimated the population.
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Southgate, Emily W. B. Russell. "Field Studies: Bringing Historical Records Down to Earth." In People and the Land through Time, 34–47. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300225808.003.0003.
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There are many field techniques that take research beyond what can be found in written documents. Clues to the past are hidden in such subtle (and not so subtle) features as topographic modifications, soils, and tree trunks. Field studies search for evidence of conditions and for their resultant effects through a variety of techniques. Features may be evident from a ground survey, located precisely through GPS. Remote imaging, using a variety of techniques from simple aerial photography to lidar, reveal hidden patterns, that may then be studied on the ground. Archeological study relates the patterns found on the ground to human activities, as they have changed over time. Dendroecology interprets records left in tree rings. Some studies look at stands of different ages to study change over time, and long-term studies trace change in individual stands. In these field studies that look at the past, soil characteristics and materials hidden in the soil, such as DNA, stable isotopes and charcoal, can reveal details of past processes and species. These methods are illustrated with examples from a wide range of biomes.
Conference papers on the topic "Aerial photography in soil conservation"
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Roath, Hilary, and Michelle Manzano. "A COMPARISON OF SOIL QUALITY TO VEGETATION HEALTH IN THE COPPER BASIN MINING REGION UTILIZING SMALL-FORMAT AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-286702.
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KARLOVSKA, Amanda, Inga GRĪNFELDE, Ina ALSIŅA, Gints PRIEDĪTIS, and Daina ROZE. "PLANT REFLECTED SPECTRA DEPENDING ON BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND GROWTH CONDITIONS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.045.
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Sustainable and economically based forestry needs modern inventory and monitoring techniques. One of the most common technologies for identification of forest tree species and monitoring of forest growth conditions is the hyperspectral remote sensing. This technology gives an opportunity to economize human resources and time for data collecting and processing. The spectral behaviour of plant leaves depends on number of factors, including environmental background. The aim of this study was to assess the tree reflectance spectra in relation to the growth conditions to take into account potential differences for increasing precision of species identification in Latvian forests and for estimating of forest growth conditions. Remote sensing data were obtained using a specialized aircraft (Pilatus PC-6), which is equipped with a high-performance airborne VNIR pushbroom hyperspectral system (AisaEAGLE). The study area was flown at 1000 m altitude. Data was recorded in the 400–970 nm spectral range, spectral resolution was 3.3 nm, ground resolution 0.5 m. Data processing consisted of manually selecting trees with a recognizable tree crowns in the airborne images. Tree centres were adjusted by putting them in the accurate position according to the situation in aerial photography. All trees with a diameter at breast height DBH of more than 5 cm were measured and for each tree coordinates, its species, height, DBH, crown width and length were recorded. Differentially corrected Global Positioning System measurements were used to determine the position of each plot centre. Data from different hyperspectral bands were compared using ANOVA at confidence level 95 %. Four species: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), and European aspen (Populus tremula L.) – were examined in distinct forest site types. The spectral response of studied species was 1) different between species and 2) different between site types within each species, correlating with soil fertility gradient and soil moisture gradient. Differences between species occurred most in the intensity of reflected electromagnetic radiation rather than distinctive locations of maximums or minimums in spectrum curve, and near infrared (NIR) region of spectrum showed more differences between species than visible light zone. Most informative wavebands for distinguishing differences between site types were 805 nm and 644 nm.
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Bustinza, Juan A., Ricardo J. Rocca, Marcelo E. Zeballos, and Roberto E. Terzariol. "Rerouting of a Pipeline due to Landslide Reactivation in an Andean Valley." In ASME 2013 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2013-1960.
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The bi-national pipeline Loma de la Lata (Argentina)-Talcahuano (Chile) belonging to Gas del Pacifico, crosses the Andes at Latitude 37.1° South (Buta Mallin pass), following the Lileo river valley. In the region, there are large ancient landslides within an area of about 50 km2, which have been attributed to Holocene glaciations and seismic activity. In the winter of 2005, when snow limited the access to the area, it was found a pressure loss, that later was attributed to a landslide in a sector of the south bank of the valley. The adiabatic expansion generated a considerable volume of frozen soil around the pipe. The following summer it was studied the characteristics of the sliding and analyzed different solutions of the affected section. The geotechnical study showed details of the slipped area and its relationships with ancient landslides. It was found by comparative analysis of aerial photographs that an old slide about 1 km3 was not fully reactivated. The general morphology has remained unchanged at least in the last 50 years, when the oldest aerial photography was taken. As additional verification, it was found that a small set of cascading ponds located in the slipped mass, has remained stable at that time, bearing the influence of the great 1960 Mw = 9.6 Valdivia earthquake. It was identified tension cracks delimiting the slipped area that was a modest portion of the historical landslide. Geotechnical parameters were estimated by back analysis of the land involved and it could establish a model for sliding mass process. A general analysis of long-term stability took into account the influence of distant earthquakes such as the subduction zone, which has a recurrence of about 100 years and other local seismic sources. Prior to define the most appropriate solution, a 250 meters long trench was dug preventively releasing the pipeline from the terrain to avoid new deformations. Among the solutions considered were the construction of an absorption system with movement monitoring, or the relocation of the trace on the opposite bank of the river. It was decided to adopt the latter solution due to the difficulty of ensuring the stability of the terrain and the inaccessibility during the winter. It implied an additional river crossing and consequently, the need to monitor the stability of the channel to the river erosion.
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Roy, Ting, Kamel Ben Naceur, Rosemary McDonald, Daniel Markel, Casey Harrison, James Shelton, Aaron Hall, et al. "From Degradable Shaped Charge Liner to Engineered Seed-Pod for Reforestation: A Journey Towards Sustainability and Natural Resources Stewardship Through Technology Synthesis and Cross-Pollination." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32143-ms.
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Abstract Rapid tree planting can offset the effects of deforestation caused by human activities and natural disasters. This paper outlines our story, a compelling case of crosspollination and energy transition: a journey which starts with designing degradable shaped charge liners for use in reservoir perforation using high entropy nano-Bulk-Metallic-Glass-Composites (HEA/BMGC) and ends with these being synthesized to design drone delivered seed-pods for re-forestation. As technology innovators in the energy industry, to offset our carbon footprint, we have embraced environment and natural resources stewardship as one of our core values, with a strong focus on conservation and environmental management policies. We believe our wellbeing; thus, success and nature are intimately intertwined. As such, we are committed to contributing, as individuals and as an organization, to a flourishing human-ecological system. This had led to an endeavor to rapidly plant trees through aerial drones to offset the effects of deforestation. Here we present, our patented seed-pod, a game changer in reforestation. It stems from an environmentally friendly, lightweight, high-strength biodegradable alloy, providing a nurturing environment for seeds to germinate and grow. We are building high-strength, water reactive or degradable shells to house seeds, nutrients, and water and using a drone with a pneumatic gun to launch these into the ground, burying and planting them. Unlike the existing approaches that deposit seeds on the surface, which are frequently consumed by animals or damaged by inclement weather, that guarantee only a 5-10% survival rate, our approach gives a seed the best chance to germinate and thrive. The industrial potential of this innovative application and its associated technology is enormous. It can be used in any area affected by natural disaster, for example, fires or where reforestation projects are needed. There are 3 trillion trees in the world and 15 billion are removed each year with only 5 billion being replanted. This can also be offer valuable support in areas such as soil erosion with the consequent loss of land mass to oceans and water bodies and additionally to prevent encroachment of deserts into other natural habitats and urban areas.
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Roy, Ting, Kamel Ben Naceur, Rosemary McDonald, Daniel Markel, Casey Harrison, James Shelton, Aaron Hall, et al. "From Degradable Shaped Charge Liner to Engineered Seed-Pod for Reforestation: A Journey Towards Sustainability and Natural Resources Stewardship Through Technology Synthesis and Cross-Pollination." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32143-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Rapid tree planting can offset the effects of deforestation caused by human activities and natural disasters. This paper outlines our story, a compelling case of crosspollination and energy transition: a journey which starts with designing degradable shaped charge liners for use in reservoir perforation using high entropy nano-Bulk-Metallic-Glass-Composites (HEA/BMGC) and ends with these being synthesized to design drone delivered seed-pods for re-forestation. As technology innovators in the energy industry, to offset our carbon footprint, we have embraced environment and natural resources stewardship as one of our core values, with a strong focus on conservation and environmental management policies. We believe our wellbeing; thus, success and nature are intimately intertwined. As such, we are committed to contributing, as individuals and as an organization, to a flourishing human-ecological system. This had led to an endeavor to rapidly plant trees through aerial drones to offset the effects of deforestation. Here we present, our patented seed-pod, a game changer in reforestation. It stems from an environmentally friendly, lightweight, high-strength biodegradable alloy, providing a nurturing environment for seeds to germinate and grow. We are building high-strength, water reactive or degradable shells to house seeds, nutrients, and water and using a drone with a pneumatic gun to launch these into the ground, burying and planting them. Unlike the existing approaches that deposit seeds on the surface, which are frequently consumed by animals or damaged by inclement weather, that guarantee only a 5-10% survival rate, our approach gives a seed the best chance to germinate and thrive. The industrial potential of this innovative application and its associated technology is enormous. It can be used in any area affected by natural disaster, for example, fires or where reforestation projects are needed. There are 3 trillion trees in the world and 15 billion are removed each year with only 5 billion being replanted. This can also be offer valuable support in areas such as soil erosion with the consequent loss of land mass to oceans and water bodies and additionally to prevent encroachment of deserts into other natural habitats and urban areas.
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Brouillard, Lee, and Micheael J. Irwin. "Using Real-Time Vadose Zone Monitoring for Long Term Performance Assessment of a Corrective Action Management Unit Containment Cell, Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4914.
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Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico (SNL/NM), operates a Corrective Action Management Unit (CAMU) for the United States Department of Energy (DOE). In 1997 SNL/NM was granted a permit modification that allowed construction and operation of a CAMU. The CAMU follows regulatory guidance that facilitates expedient and cost-effective cleanup and management of hazardous remediation wastes. Treatment operations were completed in January 2003 in conjunction with containment of 845,000 cubic feet (23,930 cubic meters) of treated soil. The containment cell is situated approximately 485 feet (148 meters) above groundwater in a semiarid region marked by low rainfall and high evapotransporation. These site conditions required a unique approach to monitoring the containment cell performance and ultimately protecting groundwater. To satisfy Resource Conservation and Recovery Act groundwater monitoring requirements, a Vadose Zone Monitoring System (VZMS) for rapidly detecting leaks was incorporated into the containment cell design. One component of the VZMS, the Primary Subliner (PSL) monitoring system, utilizes the containment cell subliner to focus potential leakage into five longitudinal trenches. Each trench contains a wicking material and a vitrified clay pipe used to provide access for a neutron probe to measure soil moisture content directly under the containment cell. The other component of the VZMS, the Vertical Sensor Array (VSA), consists of 22 time-domain reflectometers that provide a backup to the PSL. Environmental Protection Agency regulators accepted vadose zone monitoring of the CAMU containment cell as a substitution for groundwater monitoring wells because of its high probability for early detection of leakage if it were to occur. This monitoring approach would also enable timely implementation of a corrective action to mitigate the possibility of any impacts to groundwater. The CAMU VZMS provides a superior methodology for the detection and subsequent characterization of any potential leaks emanating from waste contained in the cell versus the use of groundwater monitoring wells. One of the main advantages offered by the VZMS is its ability to provide real-time data on containment cell performance. Because of the layout, aerial coverage, and the multiple monitoring parameters incorporated into the VZMS, the specific location of a leak from the cell can be defined as well as the nature of the contaminant liquid (volatile organic versus inorganic compounds). The SNL/NM CAMU is the only facility within the DOE complex that implements this innovative approach to environmental restoration waste management and monitoring. A significant cost savings to taxpayers for on-site waste treatment and containment versus off-site disposal was achieved. A cost saving of approximately $200 million was realized by utilization of the CAMU versus off-site waste disposition. The VZMS monitoring system will be utilized during the 30 year post-closure care period for the containment cell.
Reports on the topic "Aerial photography in soil conservation"
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Taverna, Kristin. Vegetation classification and mapping of land additions at Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia: Addendum to technical report NPS/NER/NRTR 2008/128. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294278.
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In 2008 and 2015, the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage produced vegetation maps for Richmond National Battlefield Park, following the protocols of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) – National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Program. The original 2008 report was part of a regional project to map and classify the vegetation in seven national parks in Virginia. The 2015 report was an addendum to the original report and mapped the vegetation in newly acquired parcels. Since 2015, the park has acquired an additional 820 acres of land within 12 individual parcels, including the 650 acre North Anna unit. This report is an addendum to the 2008 and 2015 reports and documents the mapping of vegetation and other land-use classes for the 12 new land parcels at Richmond National Battlefield Park, with an updated vegetation map for the entire park. The updated map and associated data provide information on the sensitivity and ecological integrity of habitats and can help prioritize areas for protection. The vegetation map of the new land parcels includes eighteen map classes, representing 14 associations from the United States National Vegetation Classification, one nonstandard, park-specific class, and three Anderson Level II land-use categories. The vegetation classification and map classes are consistent with the original 2008 report. Vegetation-map classes for the new land parcels were identified through field reconnaissance, data collection, and aerial photo interpretation. Aerial photography from 2017 served as the base map for mapping the 12 new parcels, and field sampling was conducted in the summer of 2020. Three new map classes for the Park were encountered and described during the study, all within the North Anna park unit. These map classes are Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest, Northern Coastal Plain / Piedmont Oak – Beech / Heath Forest, and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest. The examples of Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest at North Anna meet the criteria of size, condition, and landscape context to be considered a Natural Heritage exemplary natural community occurrence and should be targeted for protection and management as needed. New local and global descriptions for the three map classes are included as part of this report. Refinements were made to the vegetation field key to include the new map classes. The updated field key is part of this report. An updated table listing the number of polygons and total hectares for each of the 28 vegetation- map classes over the entire park is also included in the report. A GIS coverage containing a vegetation map for the entire park with updated Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) compliant metadata was completed for this project. The attribute table field names are the same as the 2008 and 2015 products, with the exception of an additional field indicating the year each polygon was last edited.