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1
Đorđević, Dejan Radovan, Uroš Đurić, Saša Tomislav Bakrač, Siniša Milanko Drobnjak, and Stevan Radojčić. "Using Historical Aerial Photography in Landslide Monitoring: Umka Case Study, Serbia." Land 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122282.
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The application of remote sensing methods provides useful information that can be used for numerous research. Thus, spatial changes in soil, vegetation, hydrography and such can be analyzed. By analyzing the data obtained by remote sensing methods, high-quality and important data can be obtained for monitoring changes in soil movement caused by landslides. This method provides the possibility of determining the state of the observed space over a longer period of time. Historical aerial imagery has a high level of spatial detail analysis. Comparative analysis of the aerial imagery from the past, recent ones and other surveys can certainly provide information on the trend of ground movement, as well as lead to conclusions for taking specific measures. The present paper gives an example of the analysis of the particular area of the “Umka” landslide based on historical surveys. The “Umka” landslide is located along the right bank of the Sava River near the city of Belgrade, which, with its long-term activity, jeopardizes residential buildings, infrastructure facilities and the population that still lives on it.
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Franco, Julia A., and John W. Morgan. "Using historical records, aerial photography and dendroecological methods to determine vegetation changes in a grassy woodland since European settlement." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 1 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06092.
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By using historical records, aerial photography and dendroecological methods, we assessed the vegetation changes that have occurred in a grassy-woodland landscape at Inverleigh, Victoria, since 1850. Land managers have perceived that encroachment by native shrubs such as Acacia paradoxa DC. has occurred in woodlands in the area after their reservation for conservation following a long period of stock grazing, but data are needed to place these recent changes in context. The vegetation has passed through three management phases since early European settlement and these have contributed to the present vegetation patterns. The area was (1) initially set aside as a timber reserve at the time of European settlement and was periodically grazed by stock. (2) Logging, plantation forestry and stock grazing regimes caused large-scale disturbances to the understorey vegetation during the early 1900s and continued to the 1980s. In the 1970s, disturbances caused by recreational activities intensified the vegetation modification. During this time, the vegetation changed from an open woodland to denser, shrubbier woodland. Most soil disturbances ceased when (3) the area was declared a flora reserve in 1988. Evidence suggests that with the cessation of these disturbances, populations of the native shrub Acacia paradoxa increased dramatically, reducing the tree-gap area significantly. The major increase occurred from 1974 to 2002 when the area of tree gap declined by 38%. Age-class analyses suggested that most (>80%) of the A. paradoxa population is less than 25 years old, but plants may be able to live beyond 60 years. Logistic regression modelling suggested that distance to closest track influences present-day A. paradoxa distribution, as does soil moisture. This suggests that the soil disturbance from grading tracks and vehicle movements may be facilitating both the spread and initial establishment of A. paradoxa, particularly on soils of higher soil-moisture holding capacity. Strategies for future woodland management must consider how the current vegetation dynamics reflect past land-use history, and land managers must choose appropriate goals for biodiversity conservation in the light of these changes.
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Samani, Aliakbar Nazari, Fatemeh Tavakoli Rad, Maryam Azarakhshi, Mohammad Reza Rahdari, and Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. "Assessment of the Sustainability of the Territories Affected by Gully Head Advancements through Aerial Photography and Modeling Estimations: A Case Study on Samal Watershed, Iran." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 16, 2018): 2909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082909.
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Gully erosion is considered one of the major issues of land sustainability because it can remove considerable volumes of sediment and productive soils. Once started, gullies can continue to move by headcut retreat, or slumping of the side walls. Studies of gully development require constant monitoring activities which are not possible in not-well-explored areas, such as the arduous region of Iran, due to costs and a lack of geoinformation. Thus, the present research attempts to assess gully evolution using only two digital aerial photographs of different periods (1968 and 1994) and field assessment (2009) to estimate the gully head advancement based on frames geometry and rigorous procedure in southwestern Iran. Also, the gully head advancement was estimated and compared among them by different empirical equations. The results indicated that the mean of gully head advancement was 1.4 m year−1 and 1.2 m year−1 during 1968–1994 and 1994–2009, respectively, and the annual average of sediment mobilization was 26.8 m3 ha−1 in 2009. The model assessment indexes indicated that SCS (Soil Conservation Service) II was the best model for gully head advancement estimations in this study area. The main reasons for this can be associated with the Rp factor (previous gully head advancement) and the local environmental conditions. We conclude that the sustainability of the territory has been greatly affected due to this advancement. We also hypothesize that gully head changes could be related to the susceptibility of geological formations, climate, soil properties, and the coincidence of other gullies’ formation with common drainage networks in the study area. Based on the obtained results, land managers can use the results to distinguish the gullies in this region with a higher environmental risk, and to decide an effective implementation of soil conservation measures in order to include them in the land management plans.
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Burke, Morgen, Bradley Rundquist, and Haochi Zheng. "Detection of Shelterbelt Density Change Using Historic APFO and NAIP Aerial Imagery." Remote Sensing 11, no. 3 (January 22, 2019): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11030218.
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Grand Forks County, North Dakota, boasts the highest concentration of shelterbelts in the World. As trees age and reach their lifespan limits, renovations should have taken place with new trees being planted. However, in recent years, the rate of tree removal is thought to exceed the rate of replanting, which can result in a net loss of shelterbelts. Through manual digitization and geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA), we mapped shelterbelt densities in the Grand Forks County using historical and contemporary aerial photography, and estimated actual changes in density over 54 years. Our results showed a doubling in shelterbelt densities from 1962 to 2014, with an increase of 6402 m2/km2 over the 52 years (or 123 m2/km2/year). From 2014 to 2016, we measured 1,040,178 m2 of shelterbelt areas removed from the county, creating a density loss of −157 m2/km2/year. The total change over two years was relatively small compared with that seen over the previous 52 years. However, the fact that the rate of shelterbelt planting has slowed, and more removal is occurring, should be of concern for an increased risk of wind erosion, similar to that experienced in Midwestern U.S. during the 1930s. The reduction of shelterbelt density is likely related to changes in farming practices and a decline in the Conservation Reserve Program, resulting from the increased returns of growing other row crops. To encourage shelterbelt planting as a conservation practice, additional guidelines and financial support should be considered to balance the tradeoff between soil erosion and agricultural intensification.
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Mwalyosi, Raphael B. B. "Land-use Changes and Resource Degradation in South–West Masailand, Tanzania." Environmental Conservation 19, no. 2 (1992): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900030629.
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This study uses sequential aerial photography to identify environmental changes. The interpreted aerial photos constitute a data-bank of past and present land cover/uses.* Substantial changes have been observed in the areas of cultivation, woody cover, and bare ground.An increased 449.9% of the surveyed area has been cleared for cultivation during the last 30 years, while 77.2% of the former woodland has been destroyed during the same period, contributing to a 15.6% increase in grassland. Bare ground increased by 33.1%. Increased cultivation is caused by increase in the population of subsistence farmers and mechanization. Expansion of cultivation and overexploitation of woody resources (fuel-wood and building materials) are the causes of decline in the woody vegetation. As consumption of woody resources exceeds natural regeneration, woody cover is gradually replaced by grasslands.Diminution of the woody vegetation results in shortage of fuel-wood and building materials and consequent misery to the local people. Expansion of cultivation reduces grazing-land, leading to overstocking and overgrazing. Extensive cultivation, based on soil ‘mining’, subjects more and more land to physical and chemical soil degradation, leading in turn to decline in soil fertility and crop yields. Both overgrazing and extensive cultivation accelerate soil erosion in the area, reducing available cropland, while siltation and flooding cause serious damage to property and infrastructure.Lack of effective land-use planning, uncontrolled population growth, and introduction of the Tanzanian village agricultural production system in a semi-arid area, have contributed to the present deplorable state of affairs. In general, the area shows increasing environmental degradation and resource depletion, while very little conservation effort is being made to reverse the trend. These results indicate that a sustainable resource management plan is urgently needed for the area.
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Mohawesh, Y., A. Taimeh, and F. Ziadat. "Effects of land use changes and soil conservation intervention on soil properties as indicators for land degradation under a Mediterranean climate." Solid Earth 6, no. 3 (July 23, 2015): 857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-6-857-2015.
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Abstract. Land degradation resulting from improper land use and management is a major cause of declined productivity in the arid environment. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of a sequence of land use changes, soil conservation measures, and the time since their implementation on the degradation of selected soil properties. The climate for the selected 105 km2 watershed varies from semi-arid sub-tropical to Mediterranean sub-humid. Land use changes were detected using aerial photographs acquired in 1953, 1978, and 2008. A total of 218 samples were collected from 40 sites in three different rainfall zones to represent different land use changes and variable lengths of time since the construction of stone walls. Analyses of variance were used to test the differences between the sequences of land use changes (interchangeable sequences of forest, orchards, field crops, and range), the time since the implementation of soil conservation measures, rainfall on the thickness of the A-horizon, soil organic carbon content, and texture. Soil organic carbon reacts actively with different combinations and sequences of land use changes. The time since stone walls were constructed showed significant impacts on soil organic carbon and the thickness of the surface horizon. The effects of changing the land use and whether the changes were associated with the construction of stone walls varied according to the annual rainfall. The changes in soil properties could be used as indicators of land degradation and to assess the impact of soil conservation programs. The results help in understanding the effects of land use changes on land degradation processes and carbon sequestration potential and in formulating sound soil conservation plans.
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van Ardenne, Lee B., and Gail L. Chmura. "Applying Airborne LiDAR to Map Salt Marsh Inland Boundaries." Remote Sensing 13, no. 21 (October 22, 2021): 4245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214245.
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The determination of rates and stocks of carbon storage in salt marshes, as well as their protection, require that we know where they and their boundaries are. Marsh boundaries are conventionally mapped through recognition of plant communities using aerial photography or satellite imagery. We examined the possibility of substituting the use of 1 m resolution LiDAR-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) and tidal elevations to establish salt marsh upper boundaries on the New Brunswick coasts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Bay of Fundy, testing this method at tidal ranges from ≤2 to ≥4 m. LiDAR-mapped marsh boundaries were verified with high spatial resolution satellite imagery and a subset through field mapping of the upland marsh edge based upon vegetation and soil characteristics, recording the edge location and elevation with a Differential Geographic Positioning System. The results show that the use of high-resolution LiDAR and tidal elevation data can successfully map the upper boundary of salt marshes without the need to first map plant species. The marsh map area resulting from our mapping was ~30% lower than that in the province’s aerial-photograph-based maps. However, the difference was not primarily due to the location of the upper marsh boundaries but more so because of the exclusion of mudflats and large creeks (features that are not valued as carbon sinks) using the LiDAR method that are often mapped as marsh areas in the provincial maps. Despite some minor limitations, the development of DEMs derived from LiDAR can be applied to update and correct existing salt marsh maps along extensive sections of coastlines in less time than required to manually trace from imagery. This is vital information for governments and NGOs seeking to conserve these environments, as accurate mapping of the location and area of these ecosystems is a necessary basis for conservation prioritization indices.
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Alías, Juan Carlos, José Antonio Mejías, and Natividad Chaves. "Effect of Cropland Abandonment on Soil Carbon Stock in an Agroforestry System in Southwestern Spain." Land 11, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030425.
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The low profitability of agricultural products in a globalized market context is causing the abandonment of less profitable agroforestry systems in Spain. This fact is implicated in a change in land use, increasing the forest area, which could alter the carbon stock in the soil. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine if the abandonment of rural areas and the change in land use has an impact on the soil organic carbon stock in agroforestry systems in southwestern Spain. Through historical aerial photographs and current satellite images, sites were identified where samples of abandoned agricultural soils in the 1950s were collected. They were compared with soil samples from adjacent locations whose agricultural activities continue to this day. After more than 60 years, the abandonment of agricultural activity is associated with a 54% increase in C concentration and 34.8% in soil organic carbon in the upper 30 cm of soil profiles. Therefore, the abandonment of agricultural land has influenced the carbon stock of this territory, becoming a carbon sink.
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Tutur, Edo Kharisma Army, and Arif Rohman. "Morphometry Analysis of Sedayu Mountainous Catchment Areas from Detailed Aerial Photos." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1047, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1047/1/012014.
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Abstract Morphometric analysis is a powerful tool to understand the hydrological process quantitatively and the main requirement to determine the hydrological characteristics of a watershed. Morphometric analysis to determine the drainage characteristics of the Sedayu River Sub-watershed, Semaka District, Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province was carried out using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data. The primary data used is aerial photography using drones, the location of aerial photos representing watersheds of concern. The catchment area morphometrics were obtained from the extraction of the morphometric characteristics of the combined DEM data from the mountain watershed and the analysis of topographic maps by using ArcGIS software. Based on reports over a period of time, at several points in the area there are frequent river floods that overflow during heavy rains. Morphometric analysis in flood-prone areas with high rainfall is needed. The morphology of the Sedayu area has contrasting variations consisting of several gentle alluvial plains, some of which are Bukit Barisan hills with varying slope variations. The Sedayu watershed in this study is divided into 3 sub-watersheds, namely: sub-watershed A, sub-watershed B, and sub-watershed C. However, only sub-watershed A is the focus of morphometric analysis because its longest river, record flood disasters, landslide records, and has upstream to residential. Morphometric analysis was carried out on parameters such as watershed area (A), watershed length (Lb), main river length (Ln ), watershed width (W), drainage density (Dd ), bifurcation ratio (Rb ), and circularity ratio (Rc ). The results of morphometric calculations are the length of the watershed 4.82 km, the length of the main river is Sub-watershed A 8.996 km, the width of the watershed 0.686 km, and watershed area 4.861 km2 Based on these results can be calculated drainage density (Dd ) 2.719 km/km2 which means Sub-watershed A of a rough type with the inundated surface, permeable sub-soil, and resistant to erosion. Bifurcation ratio (Rb ) is 3.333 which means sub-watershed A has a rapid rise and fall in floodwater. Then, the circularity Ratio (Rc ) 0.32 which means Sub-watershed A is elongated so that the peak discharge and decrease flow quickly and causes a link with the hydrological response of rainfall-runoff. The results of this morphometric characteristic analysis are the right reference for planning strategies for soil erosion control and soil conservation.
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Moinardeau, Cannelle, François Mesléard, Hervé Ramone, and Thierry Dutoit. "Short-Term Effects on Diversity and Biomass on Grasslands from Artificial Dykes under Grazing and Mowing Treatments." Environmental Conservation 46, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892918000346.
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SummaryFew studies document the impacts of conservation management practices such as extensive grazing or mowing on the new ecosystems created by industrial conversions. In southern France, the Rhône channelling led to the construction of dykes to protect the Tricastin industrialized area from floods. Aiming to control plant dynamics for safety reasons and to favour plant biodiversity, mowing or extensive grazing by cattle were recently tested. Monitoring from both permanent plots and aerial photographs shows that three years of extensive grazing and annual mechanical mowing have modified plant composition, significantly increasing plant species richness, evenness and heterogeneity. The increase in evenness and beta-diversity from grazing was significantly higher than from mowing. Only grazing was able to reduce the height and cover of the dominant tussock perennial grass species (Brachypodium phoenicoides), while increasing bare soil cover and thus the contribution of annual species. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained through aerial photographic analyses confirmed the correlation between NDVI, aboveground biomass and plant species richness for the grazed site alone, allowing the results obtained from quadrats to be generalized to the scale of the grazed site. On the Rhône’s artificial dykes, extensive grazing appears to be a better management tool than mowing to enhance plant biodiversity and meet safety objectives.
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Mohawesh, Y., A. Taimeh, and F. Ziadat. "Effects of land use changes and conservation measures on land degradation under a Mediterranean climate." Solid Earth Discussions 7, no. 1 (January 13, 2015): 115–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-115-2015.
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Abstract. Land degradation resulting from improper land use and management is a major cause of declined productivity in the arid environment. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of a sequence of land use changes, soil conservation measures, and the time since their implementation on the degradation of selected soil properties. The climate for the selected 105 km2 watershed varies from semi-arid sub-tropical to Mediterranean sub-humid. Land use changes were detected using aerial photographs acquired in 1953, 1978, and 2008. A total of 218 samples were collected from 40 sites in three different rainfall zones to represent different land use changes and different lengths of time since the construction of stone walls. Analyses of variance were used to test the differences between the sequences of land use changes (interchangeable sequences of forest, orchards, field crops, and range), the time since the implementation of soil conservation measures, and rainfall on the thickness of the A-horizon, soil organic carbon content, and texture. Soil organic carbon reacts actively with different combinations and sequences of land use changes. The time since stone walls were constructed showed significant impacts on soil organic carbon and the thickness of the surface horizon. The effects of changing the land use and whether the changes were associated with the construction of stone walls, varied according to the annual rainfall. The results help in understanding the effects of land use changes on land degradation processes and carbon sequestration potential and in formulating sound soil conservation plans.
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Barros, Bruna Soares Xavier de, Ana Clara De Barros, and Zacarias Xavier De Barros. "A CULTURA DO EUCALIPTO NO CONTROLE DE VOÇOROCAS EM BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS NO MUNICIPIO DE ANHEMBI /SP." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 33, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2018v33n1p66-72.
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo temporal da bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão dos Remédios, município de Anhembi-SP com área de 1.439,83ha, para analisar o uso e ocupação do solo e avaliar a evolução das erosões lineares tipo voçoroca num período de 48 anos, tendo como base a carta planialtimétrica de 1965, passando por imagens de fotografias aéreas coloridas de 2000 e imagens do Google Earth dos anos de 2007 e 2013, sendo que, ao ano de 2013 corresponde ao último levantamento aéreo da região de Anhembi-SP. As imagens foram reduzidas para a escala da base cartográfica utilizada, ou seja, 1:50.000 com a finalidade de se efetuar as devidas avaliações. Os resultados permitiram constatar que a implantação da cultura do eucalipto associado às práticas de conservação do solo na bacia possibilitou o controle das voçorocas consolidadas e redução das erosões mais recentes.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Fotografia Aérea; Erosão; Sensoriamento Remoto. EUCALYPTUS PLANTATION IN THE CONTROL OF WATERSHED GULLYS IN ANHEMBI-SPABSTRACT: A time study of Ribeirão dos Remedios watershed located in Anhembi-SP with an area of 1,439.83ha was carried out to analyze the land use and occupation and assess the evolution of gullies erosions over a period of 48 years, based on planialtimetric letters. Color aerial photos and Google Earth images of the years 2007 and 2013, and, the year 2013 correspond to the last aerial survey of Anhembi-SP region. The images were reduced to the cartographic basis scale used, 1:50.000, in order to make the necessary assessments. The results demonstrated that the implementation of eucalyptus associated with soil conservation practices allowed the control of consolidated gullies and mitigated latest erosions.KEYWORDS: Aerial Photograph; Soil Erosion; Remote Sensing.
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Waga, Jan M., Maria Fajer, and Bartłomiej Szypuła. "The scars of war: A programme for the identification of the environmental effects of Word War II bombings for the purposes of spatial management in the Koźle Basin, Poland." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2022-0005.
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Abstract Poland’s Koźle Basin contains numerous craters created from the explosions of World War II aerial bombs as well as craters left by unexploded ordnance. The state of the local environment has been severely affected. This situation presents an obstacle to spatial management of the land to this day. This research programme studied the distribution of postmilitary anthropogenic geohazards in the area. It was intended to help to indicate the appropriate courses of action, including in the field of spatial planning, in the areas affected by former bombing. Desk studies focused on photo-interpretive analysis of archival aerial photographs and took advantage of the potential of high-resolution shaded relief rasters created from digital terrain models derived from LiDAR scanning. Field studies used classic geomorphological methods. Studies conducted so far in the bombed areas indicate the necessity of carrying out systematic, anticipatory, accurate surveys of the land and soil surface with the use of geophysical methods. Currently, the traces identified in the field suggest that the amount of unexploded ordnance remaining in the ground is very large.
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Tiwari, A. K., J. S. Mehta, O. P. Goel, and J. S. Singh. "Geo-forestry of Landslide-affected Areas in a Part of Central Himalaya." Environmental Conservation 13, no. 4 (1986): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900035347.
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Black-and-white aerial photographs were used to map the lithology, land-use/forest types, and landslide zones (namely old, active, or potential) in a part of Central Himalaya. The landslide and land-use/forest type maps were simultaneously studied, and the frequency distribution of the landslide zones in different land-uses and forest types was estimated. The correlation between the maps indicated the following: In old landslide-affected sites, agriculture was the predominant land-use, followed by Pinus roxburghii forest (≤ 40% crown cover), scrub vegetation, and wasteland (including grassland). The presence of other forests (e.g. forests dominated by climax species such as Shorea robusta at low elevations and Quercus spp. at higher elevations) indicates a high potentiality of recovery of the ecosystems involved, provided biotic (especially anthropic) factors are not too intensive.The active and potential landslide zones were concentrated along geologically active planes, namely thrusts and faults, and/or in the vicinity of toe-erosion of hill-slopes. These two were dominated by P.roxburghii forest (≤ 40% crown cover). The broadleaf forests showed minimal signs of active and potential landslides, perhaps because of their multistratal character which is conducive to minimizing soil-loss compared with the mostly single-storeyed Chir Pine forest. It is, therefore, suggested that the sites should be maintained under a multistratal broadleaf canopy to conserve the soil. Where, however, the Chir Pine forest is already developed, appropriate silvicultural measures may be taken to increase its crown cover to more than 40%.
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Madurapperuma, Buddhika D., Peter G. Oduor, Mohammad J. Anar, and Larry A. Kotchman. "Understanding Factors that Correlate or Contribute to Exotic Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) Invasion at a Wildland–Urban Interface Ecosystem." Invasive Plant Science and Management 6, no. 1 (March 2013): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-12-00021.1.
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AbstractUnderstanding the ecological distribution range of exotic trees in an arboreal ecosystem is essential to managing natural forest resources sustainably. Forest resource mapping can be applied as a powerful tool in the identification of forest resource threat patterns, and in monitoring ongoing changes associated with a landscape. This study offers an insight on Russian-olive and its impact on a spatially bound ecosystem, namely, Bismarck–Mandan Wildland–Urban Interface (BMWUI). Data from the National Agricultural Imagery Program collected in 2005 and 2010 and in situ reference data were used to estimate the potential habitat of Russian-olive using ArcGIS ArcInfo® 9.3 (ESRI, Redlands, CA). Russian-olive plants are discernible on aerial photographs with a fine spatial resolution because of silvery gray-green leaves in the upper strata of their canopies. Results showed that Russian-olive occupied 110 ha (272 acres) in BMWUI in 2005 and of that, 13 ha (12%) was in inundated habitats. In addition, Russian-olive in 2010 covered 125 ha within the BMWUI and of that, 25 ha (20%) was in inundated habitats. Russian-olive showed a close association with the silt loam and silty clay soil type, which occurs along the Missouri River floodplain. Our findings revealed that the species is well established in riparian habitats and other open habitats such as roadside and agricultural lands. There is a greater likelihood of lateral spread of Russian-olive throughout the BMWUI that may require active management to avert undesirable conservation impacts.
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Santos, Xavier, Vicenç Bros, and Elisabet Ros. "Contrasting responses of two xerophilous land snails to fire and natural reforestation." Contributions to Zoology 81, no. 3 (August 24, 2012): 167—S1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08103004.
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Land-use change is considered the main disturbance in landscape structure and composition, directly affecting faunal distribution and species richness worldwide. Wildfires and natural reforestation alter habitat structure in terms of vegetation cover and also in soil composition and moisture; these processes hence trigger habitat transformations that act as opposing forces at small spatial scales. We have explored the contrasting effects of wildfires and natural reforestation on two land-snail species of the genus Xerocrassa, which are endemic in the western Mediterranean. Snails were sampled in pine and Holm oak forest, stony bare slopes and burnt sites. Both species followed a similar pattern: they were present in more than 75% of the stony bare slope sites and around 50% of the burnt sites, but were almost absent in Holm oak forests. The comparison of aerial photographs from 1956 and 2003 showed that stony bare slopes were significantly larger in 1956, this indicating that the natural reforestation might close these habitats, and consequently threaten the viability of the Xerocrassa populations. Given their limited mobility, the presence of Xerocrassa at burnt sites suggests that these species live in small and cryptic populations within the forest, surviving fire and expanding their distribution due to the appearance of adequate habitats. Our study shows that natural reforestation and fire play opposing roles in conserving Xerocrassa populations. The preservation of stony bare slopes as well as other open areas is a key management guideline to maintain landscape mosaics and help future conservation of species of open habitats such as these vulnerable endemic gastropods.
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Kovalevskii, S. B., Y. M. Marchuk, K. V. Maevskii, S. S. Kovalevskyi, and A. M. Сhurilov. "Environmental consequences of negative impact of unauthorized amber mining in forest areas of Zhytomyr region." Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/forest2021.01.007.
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Amber mining has already led to an environmental catastrophe on a regional scale. According to official data, more than a thousand hectares of land, mostly located in the Central Polissya region (Zhytomyr region), have suffered very severe damage and need to be restored. The conservation value of such areas is lost, and further use for forestry or agriculture is very risky. To develop norms of anthropogenic loads on landscapes, it is mandatory to study anthropogenic transformation by identifying their current ecological status, establishing the dependence of changes on the intensity of anthropogenic loads individually for each natural region. The source materials for obtaining the results are the materials of field research, taxonomic descriptions of plantations, satellite and aerial photographs, as well as the establishment of temporary test areas according to the generally accepted methodology in forestry. The problem that arose in the Zhytomyr region as a result of unauthorized amber mining contributes to the rapid growth of anthropogenic pressure on forestry landscapes, causes them irreparable damage, leads to environmental and economic crisis, imbalances in the social situation of the population, environmental problems, there are significant changes in the structure and mineral composition of the soil layer of forest lands, completely or partially destroyed the living above-ground cover and undergrowth, undergrowth undergoes significant changes in habitat conditions and anthropogenic pressure. Violation of the ecological balance of the forest at different stages of biological development can lead to irreversible consequences in the forestry sector. The obtained results are promising for further development of own methods of ecological and economic assessment of the damage caused by the consequences of illegal amber mining.
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Kazachenko, Ludmila, Vladyslav Kazachenko, and Tetyana Zhidkova. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 94, 2021, no. 94 (December 28, 2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.94.029.
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The development of exogenous processes on the Earth's surface is a large-scale problem. Due to the development of exogenous processes there are changes in the composition and structure of the earth's crust and its surface. The destruction of streets, houses and public buildings, roads and railways leads to enormous losses. To predict the development of soil degradation, erosion processes on agricultural lands, which lose annual production areas, leads to the formation of a ravine-beam system and reduces the productive amount of land owned by citizens – is a solution. The use of GIS technologies, remote sensing of the Earth and modern programming can partially solve the problem, as it is a rapid identification of areas that have undergone the process of soil degradation and possible prediction of the development of negative phenomena. The use of geodetic software, GIS, information layers of the Public cadastral map can help in the fastest finding of territories, development of the forecast of the further destructive action, development of the corresponding protective methods and their introduction. The areas with manifestations of exogenous processes - soil degradation in agricultural enterprises, where every year the area of highly fertile chernozems is lost, which leads to large losses and landslides in the forest-steppe and steppe settlements of Kharkiv region have been subject of our study. We investigated destructive processes by geodetic measurements in the territories of their manifestations, observations were carried out for 8 years. The development of exogenous processes on the Earth's surface was revealed, which was manifested in landslides in the settlements of the forest-steppe zone and degradation of agricultural lands in the steppe and forest-steppe part of Kharkiv region. The cause of the destruction of the earth's surface were factors independent of human activity. We built 3-D models of development of exogenous processes manifested in soil erosion and growth of the ravine-beam system and determined the degree of erosion after surveying and processing the results of geodetic measurements in the software Digitals. For 8 years, we made changes to the software, surveying the area and building a monitoring line. Also in the settlements on the territory of the two zones, we observed the development of landslides on the streets of the village. Milova and s. Nova Vasylivka, where there is an intensive development of exogenous processes. The use of GIS technologies and remote sensing of the Earth to monitor the development of exogenous processes simplifies the solution.
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Jim Lee, Y. "Aerial photography for the detection of soil-borne disease." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 11, no. 2 (June 1989): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060668909501134.
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Grama, Vasile, and Andrei Iacovlev. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 92,2020, no. 92 (December 24, 2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2020.92.037.
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Abstract. The goal of this research is the assessing of the current conditions of water protection strips in their role as an effective buffer that prevents water bodies from deteriorating due to soil erosion and pollution. In base of this study the action plan is developing to improve the conditions of the water protection strips for the lakes. The approach focused on the idea of an empirical study (based on observations and field measurements) on the environmental quality. Is proposed an integral analysis of the territory of the protection strips, the processes and phenomena taking place within them, in order to obtain a clear picture of the state of the environment. In the scope to administrate, and to assure the visualization and transparency of this study the project blog on the "blogspot.com" platform was created with properly configured geographic interest patterns. Cartographic data were published on Google Maps and integrated in blog. Thus, by accessing the blog, the views of the lake, the points of interest, with the necessary attributes is accessing with the possibility for the spatial analyses. The preliminary results show the positive effects and high interest of the stakeholders concerning of WebGIS technology for the assessment of environmental conditions of water protection strips along the Costesti- Stinca reservoirs. Scientific novelty consists in the optimal combination of the blogspot application on the google maps by integration of spatial data with different software (QGIS, Mapinfo, ArcGIS) and geospatial database - PostGIS. Easy to publish, to visualization and monitoring. The practical significance is expressed by objective reflection of a type of activity that takes place in space, including environmental phenomena, vizualisation and monitoring of them.
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Peixe, Amanda Souto Maior, and Maria Fernanda Abrantes Torres. "Degradação Ambiental em Fragmento de Mata Atlântica: Reserva Ecológica do Jardim Botânico do Recife-PE (Environmental Degradation Fragment of the Atlantic Forest: Ecological Reserve of the Botanical Garden of Recife-PE)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 4, no. 4 (January 22, 2012): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i4.232700.
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A Reserva Ecológica do Jardim Botânico do Recife (JBR) é um dos poucos remanescentes da Mata Atlântica do Estado de Pernambuco, possuindo uma extensão de 10,72 ha. Por estar localizado numa área relativamente populosa da Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR), o JBR caracteriza-se pela pressão exercida com ocupação urbana em parte de seu entorno. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetivou analisar a variação espaço temporal do uso e ocupação do solo e o nível de degradação ambiental do Jardim Botânico do Recife e seu entorno, visando fornecer subsídios para a conservação dos recursos naturais desse importante fragmento de Mata Atlântica. Para a análise espaço temporal foram utilizadas fotografias aéreas dos anos de 1974 e 1997 e ortofotocartas de 2007. A identificação dos principais indicadores de degradação foi realizada através de visitas in loco para aplicação de checklist. Os resultados indicam que a área do JBR e seu entorno passaram por algumas mudanças, principalmente em relação aos tensores antrópicos, destacando-se a expansão urbana, viária e do pólo industrial, que totalizaram 55,10% de aumento durante o período analisado. Por outro lado, a área de Mata Atlântica do entorno do JBR apresentou regeneração, com um aumento de 28% em relação a 1997, ocupando áreas de vegetação rala e solo exposto, que, sofreram redução. O nível de degradação do JBR foi considerado pequeno (-99). Entretanto, para garantir a efetiva conservação da sua biodiversidade é necessário que se desenvolva um plano de manejo para melhor geri-lo e restrições de uso solo através da implementação de uma zona de amortecimento.Palavras-Chaves: Remanescentes; tensores antrópicos; biodiversidade. Environmental Degradation Fragment of the Atlantic Forest: Ecological Reserve of the Botanical Garden of Recife-PE ABSTRACT The Ecological Reserve of the Botanical Garden of Recife is one of the few remaining Atlantic Forest in Pernambuco State, with a length of 10.72 ha. Being located in a relatively densely populated area of Recife, the JBR is characterized by pressure with urban occupation in part of its surroundings. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of the use and occupation of the soil and the level of environmental degradation of the Botanical Garden of Recife and its surroundings, to provide input for the conservation of the natural resources of this important piece of the Atlantic Forest. Aerial photographs of 1974 and 1997 and maps of 2007 were used for the spatial and temporal analysis. The identification of key indicators of degradation was achieved through site visits for the application of checklist. The results indicate that the area of JBR and its surroundings have undergone some changes, particularly in relation to anthropogenic tensors, especially urban sprawl, road and industrial hub, which totaled 55.10% increase during the study period. Conversely, the Atlantic Florest area surrounding the JBR showed regeneration with a 28% increase over 1997, covering areas of sparse vegetation and exposed soil, which were reduced. The level of degradation of JBR was considered low (-99). However, to ensure the effective conservation of its biodiversity is necessary to develop a management plan to better manage it and land use restrictions by implementing a buffer zone. Keywords: Remainings; anthropogenic tensioners; biodiversity
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Stehlik, O., and V. Mazikov. "Investigation of soil erosion in Czechoslovakia by Multizonal aerial photography." Remote Sensing Reviews 3, no. 3 (January 1988): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757258809532101.
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Hardin, Perry J., and Mark W. Jackson. "An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Rangeland Photography." Rangeland Ecology & Management 58, no. 4 (July 2005): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2005)058[0439:auavfr]2.0.co;2.
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Suharjo, S., Sugiharto Budi Santoso, Pujo Nur Cahyo, M. Mulyono, and Heru Sri Widodo. "Infra Red Aerial Photograph Interpretation for Soil Erosion at Wuryantoro, Wonogiri." Forum Geografi 15, no. 1 (July 20, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v15i1.4661.
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Collecting data of soil erosion hazard terrestrially needs much time, high cost, and large energy. Therefore it is needed appropriate technology in addition to terrestrially decreasing necessity of time, cost and energy. Aerial photograph is picture of earth surface, which shape and place similar to condition on earth surface. Using aerial photograph in this research is expected to be able to take account for erosion factors. This research is conducted in Kecamatan Wuryantoro Kabupaten Wonogiri. Research method that used is aerial photograph interpretation with land unit approach. Amounts of soil lost are approached with USLE formula. Aerial photograph that used in this research is aerial photograph coloured infrared with 1:10.000 in scale and 1991 in year of taking photography. The result shows that using aerial photograph is very useful in supporting soil erosion rate calculation. Erosion rate at research area is 0.0968 ton/ha/year to 100.4344 ton/ha/year. This number is included in class of light erosion hazard (
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Trathan, Philip N. "Image analysis of color aerial photography to estimate penguin population size." Wildlife Society Bulletin 32, no. 2 (June 2004): 332–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[332:iaocap]2.0.co;2.
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Solokha, M. O. "MONITORING SOIL CONTOURS OF FOREST VEGETATION ON THE BASIS OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." Taurian Scientific Herald, no. 107 (2019): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32851/2226-0099.2019.107.22.
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Lysandrou, Vasiliki, and Athos Agapiou. "The Role of Archival Aerial Photography in Shaping Our Understanding of the Funerary Landscape of Hellenistic and Roman Cyprus." Open Archaeology 6, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 417–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0117.
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AbstractThis study deals with the investigation of the Eastern necropolis of Nea Paphos in western Cyprus, employing archival and recent aerial photographs for the identification of surface/near-surface ancient architectural remains. The analysis of the primary archival aerial photograph employed for this study reveals the archaeological visibility of the site as it had been captured approximately 15 years before its rescue excavation in the 1980s. The outcomes from the enhancement and interpretation of the archival aerial photograph supplement known archaeological information of the area and elucidate the understanding of the spatial distribution of the tombs as well as the geographic extent of the necropolis.
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Naylor, Bridgett J., Bryan A. Endress, and Catherine G. Parks. "Multiscale Detection of Sulfur Cinquefoil Using Aerial Photography." Rangeland Ecology & Management 58, no. 5 (September 2005): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58[447:mdoscu]2.0.co;2.
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Bakrač, Saša, Viktor Marković, Siniša Drobnjak, Dejan Đorđević, and Nikola Stamenković. "USING HISTORICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENT CHANGES: A CASE STUDY OF BOVAN LAKE, EASTERN SERBIA." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 29, no. 3 (October 13, 2021): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2021.15567.
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Useful and important information for the spatial, ecological, and many other changes in the living environment may be obtained using the analysis of historical aerial photography, with comparison to contemporary imagery. This method provides the ability to determine the state of elements of the space over a long period, encompassing the time when it was not possible to acquire the data from satellite imagery or some other contemporary sources. Aerial images are suitable for mapping spatial phenomena with relatively limited spatial distribution because they possess a high level of details and low spatial coverage. With a comparative analysis of aerial imagery from the past, contemporary aerial imagery, and other sources of aerial imagery, we can obtain information about the nature and trends of the observed phenomena as well as directions of future actions, considering changes detected in the environment, whether they are preventive or corrective in nature. This paper gives the methodological framework for the appliance of the existing knowledge from various fields, intending to use historical aerial photography for monitoring of environmental changes of the Bovan Lake in Eastern Serbia.
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González-Orozco, Carlos E., Mark Mulligan, Valérie Trichon, and Andrew Jarvis. "Taxonomic identification of Amazonian tree crowns from aerial photography." Applied Vegetation Science 13, no. 4 (September 1, 2010): 510–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109x.2010.01090.x.
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Grevtseva, A. S., R. A. Dmitriev, and A. Zhuchenko. "Restoration of surface soil contamination density to radionuclides at according to aerial photography." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1096, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1096/1/012012.
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Abstract The problems that arise in the surface layer of the soil during periodic emissions at nuclear power plants are considered. The necessity of constant monitoring of this soil layer at different times of the year is substantiated. Various methods of this control are considered. It has been established that it is extremely difficult to implement them in remote areas. A method has been developed for monitoring the surface layer of the soil using aerodynamic survey of the distribution of γ-radiation on the soil surface. This is extremely important during the preparation of agricultural fields for sowing crops in the spring. A new algorithm for restoring images obtained using aerodynamic imaging of γ-radiation is proposed. The results of a new algorithm for image processing and identification are presented.
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Curr, R. H. F., A. Koh, E. Edwards, A. T. Williams, and P. Davies. "Assessing anthropogenic impact on Mediterranean sand dunes from aerial digital photography." Journal of Coastal Conservation 6, no. 1 (December 2000): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02730463.
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Petersen, Steven L., Tamzen K. Stringham, and Andrea S. Laliberte. "Classification of Willow Species Using Large-Scale Aerial Photography." Rangeland Ecology & Management 58, no. 6 (November 2005): 582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/04-129r1.1.
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Crutchley, Simon. "The Landscape of Salisbury Plain, as Revealed by Aerial Photography." Landscapes 2, no. 2 (October 2001): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/lan.2001.2.2.46.
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Jenčo, Marián, Emil Fulajtár, Hana Bobáľová, Igor Matečný, Martin Saksa, Miroslav Kožuch, Michal Gallay, Ján Kaňuk, Vladimír Píš, and Veronika Oršulová. "Mapping Soil Degradation on Arable Land with Aerial Photography and Erosion Models, Case Study from Danube Lowland, Slovakia." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 4047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244047.
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The presented study uses the recent colour aerial photographs, historical black and white aerial photographs, and detailed digital elevation model to assess the spatial distribution and long-term temporal dynamics of soil loss in agriculturally intensively exploited loess hilly land with a subcontinental temperate climate. The strongly eroded soils appear in the studied area as bright patterns, surrounded by darker soils, and they are well visible on aerial photos. Three approaches of interpretation of aerial photographs were tested: visual interpretation, pixel-based image classification, and object-based image classification. All three methods provided detailed maps of soil redistribution patterns. The bright areas as the areas of soil degradation characterized by erosion increased from 1949 until 2011 by 76%. A detailed map of areal erosion patterns was used for the validation of water erosion models. LS-factor of USLE and ED’ index of USPED were selected for expressing the relation of real erosion to the terrain. The relationship between surface morphology and real erosion is very complex, and the tested water erosion models do not express it sufficiently. Therefore, the first and second-order directional derivative of the surface elevations with respect to the tillage direction has been tested. The absolute value of the first-order directional derivative showed better results and better corresponded with the real erosion pattern than the other morphometric characteristics. The findings suggest that tillage is the dominant erosion factor in the area.
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Scott, Samantha L., Rick Rohde, and Timm Hoffman. "Repeat Landscape Photography, Historical Ecology and the Wonder of Digital Archives in Southern Africa." African Research & Documentation 131 (2017): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00022512.
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Environmental history projects using repeat photography often involve the acquisition of large collections of historical and current images, matching those images for comparative analysis, and then cataloguing and archiving the imagery for long-term storage and later use (Webb et ah, 2010). When used in combination with other techniques, repeat photography is an excellent tool for documenting change (Gruell, 2010) and has been used in a variety of disciplines, including historical ecology, to determine changes in plant populations, soil erosion, climate trends and ecological processes to name a few. Historical photographs often provide greater temporal range to an analysis compared to, for example, satellite imagery and in many cases even aerial photography (Gruell, 2010).
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Scott, Samantha L., Rick Rohde, and Timm Hoffman. "Repeat Landscape Photography, Historical Ecology and the Wonder of Digital Archives in Southern Africa." African Research & Documentation 131 (2017): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00022512.
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Environmental history projects using repeat photography often involve the acquisition of large collections of historical and current images, matching those images for comparative analysis, and then cataloguing and archiving the imagery for long-term storage and later use (Webb et ah, 2010). When used in combination with other techniques, repeat photography is an excellent tool for documenting change (Gruell, 2010) and has been used in a variety of disciplines, including historical ecology, to determine changes in plant populations, soil erosion, climate trends and ecological processes to name a few. Historical photographs often provide greater temporal range to an analysis compared to, for example, satellite imagery and in many cases even aerial photography (Gruell, 2010).
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Panneton, Bernard. "Yield Mapping and GIS for Root Crops." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 552b—552. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.552b.
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I will show how yield mapping data, aerial photography data, and other agronomic data (fertility, soil parameters) can be integrated into a Geographical Information System (GIS) and give a “feel” of the value of these tools to look at crop production as a whole. The capability of GIS in handling and displaying several layers of georeferenced data leads naturally to a decisionmaking process quite similar to the one used in traditional photo interpretation of aerial imagery. This approach can be very valuable for farm managers and consultants in crop production.
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Lian, Jie, Xiangwen Gong, Xinyuan Wang, Xuyang Wang, Xueyong Zhao, Xin Li, Na Su, and Yuqiang Li. "Mapping of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Based on Aerial Photography in a Fragmented Desertification Landscape." Remote Sensing 14, no. 12 (June 13, 2022): 2829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122829.
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Northern China’s agropastoral ecotone has been a key area of desertification control for decades, and digital maps of its soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are needed to reveal the gaps between the actual SOC levels and baseline to support land degradation neutrality (LDN) under the Sustainable Development Goals. However, reliable soil information is scarce, and accurate prediction is hindered by the fragmented landscape, which is a dominant characteristic of desertified land. To improve the patchiness identification and accuracy of SOC prediction, we conducted field surveys and collected low-altitude aerial images along the desertification degrees (severe and extremely severe, moderate, slight) in the Horqin Sandy Land. Linear regressions were performed on the relationships between the normalized difference vegetation index and the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) extracted from aerial images, and regression kriging was applied to predict SOC stocks based on the soil-forming factors (vegetation, climate, and topography). Our prediction and cross-validation showed that the fragmented structure and prediction accuracy of SOC stocks were both greatly improved for desertified land. The FVC (R2c = 0.94) and evapotranspiration (R2c = 0.86) had significant positive effects on SOC stocks, respectively, with indirect and direct causal relationships. Our results could provide soil information with better patchiness and accuracy to help policymakers determine the future LDN status in this fragmented desertification landscape. As drone technology becomes more available, it will fully support digital mapping of soil properties.
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Sheppard, C. R. C., K. Matheson, J. C. Bythell, P. Murphy, C. Blair Myers, and B. Blake. "Habitat mapping in the Caribbean for management and conservation: Use and assessment of aerial photography." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 5, no. 4 (December 1995): 277–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3270050404.
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Piekielek, Nathan. "A semi-automated workflow for processing historic aerial photography." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-299-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Libraries, museums and archives were the original big geospatial information repositories that to this day house thousands to millions of resources containing research-quality geographic information. However, these print resources (and their digital surrogates), are not easily incorporated into the contemporary research process because they are not structured data that is required of web-mapping and geographic information system tools. Fortunately, contemporary big data tools and methods can help with the large-scale conversion of historic resources into structured datasets for mapping and spatial analysis.</p><p>Single frame historic aerial photographs captured originally on film (hereafter “photographs”), are some of the most ubiquitous and information-rich geographic information resources housed in libraries, museums and archives. Photographs authentically encoded information about past places and time-periods without the thematic focus and cartographic generalization of historic print maps. As such, they contain important information in nearly every category of base mapping (i.e. transportation networks, populated places etc.), that is useful to a broad spectrum of research projects and other applications. Photographs are also some of the most frustrating historic resources to use due to their very large map-scale (i.e. small geographic area), lack of reference information and often unknown metadata (i.e. index map, flight altitude, direction etc.).</p><p>The capture of aerial photographs in the contiguous United States (U.S.) became common in the 1920s and was formalized in government programs to systematically photograph the nation at regular time intervals beginning in the 1930s. Many of these photography programs continued until the 1990s meaning that there are approximately 70 years of “data” available for the U.S. that is currently underutilized due to inaccessibility and the challenges of converting photographs to structured data. Large collections of photographs include government (e.g. the U.S. Department of Agriculture Aerial Photography Field Office “The Vault” – over 10 million photographs), educational (e.g. the University of California Santa Barbara Library – approximately 2.5 million photographs), and an unknown number non-governmental organizations (e.g. numerous regional planning commissions and watershed conservation groups). Collectively these photography resources constitute an untapped big geospatial data resource.</p><p>U.S. government photography programs such as the National Agricultural Imagery Program continued and expanded in the digital age (i.e. post early 2000s), so that not only is there opportunity to extend spatial analyses back in time, but also to create seamless datasets that integrate with current and expected future government aerial photography campaigns. What is more, satellite imagery sensors have improved to the point that there is now overlap between satellite imagery and aerial photography in terms of many of their technical specifications (i.e. spatial resolution etc.). The remote capture of land surface imagery is expanding rapidly and with it are new opportunities to explore long-term land-change analyses that require historical datasets.</p><p>Manual methods to process photographs are well-known, but are too labour intensive to apply to entire photography collections. Academic research on methods to increase the discoverability of photographs and convert them to geospatial data at large-scale has to date been limited (although see the work of W. Karel et al.). This presentation details a semi-automated workflow to process historic aerial photographs from U.S. government sources and compares the workflow and results to existing methods and datasets. In a pilot test area of 94 photographs in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, the workflow was found to be nearly 100-times more efficient than commonly employed alternatives while achieving greater horizontal positional accuracy. Results compared favourably to contemporary digital aerial photography data products, suggesting that they are well-suited for integration with contemporary datasets. Finally, initial results of the workflow were incorporated into several existing online discovery and sharing platforms that will be highlighted in this presentation. Early online usage statistics as well as direct interaction with users demonstrates the broad interest and high-impact of photographs and their derived products (i.e. structured geospatial data).</p>
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Wang, Yilin, Dongxu Yin, Liming Lou, Xinying Li, Pengle Cheng, and Ying Huang. "Luotuo Mountain Waste Dump Cover Interpretation Combining Deep Learning and VDVI Based on Data from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)." Remote Sensing 14, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 4043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14164043.
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Exposed mine gangue hills are prone to environmental problems such as soil erosion, surface water pollution, and dust. Revegetation of gangue hills can effectively combat the problem. Effective ground cover monitoring means can significantly improve the efficiency of vegetation restoration. We used UAV aerial photography to acquire data and used the Real-SR network to reconstruct the data in super-resolution; the Labv3+ network was used to segment the ground cover into green areas, open spaces, roads, and waters, and VDVI and Otsu were used to extract the vegetation from the green areas. The final ground-cover decomposition accuracy of this method can reach 82%. The application of a super-resolution reconstruction network improves the efficiency of UAV aerial photography; the ground interpretation method of deep learning combined with a vegetation index solves both the problem that vegetation index segmentation cannot cope with the complex ground and the problem of low accuracy due to little data for deep-learning image segmentation.
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Quinlan, Kirsty, Dorian Moro, and Mark Lund. "Improving trapping success for rare species by targeting habitat types using remotely sensed data: a case study of the heath mouse (Pseudomys shortridgei) in Western Australia." Wildlife Research 31, no. 2 (2004): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03031.
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The rare heath mouse (Pseudomys shortridgei) is the only rodent lacking a conservation program in Western Australia. Little is known about the habitat requirements of P. shortridgei in Western Australia, and there is a lack of trapping focus that could target specific habitat components that this species may use. The purpose of this study was to (1) relate the occurrence of this species to measurable components of its habitat; (2) incorporate habitat information into a GIS modelling system to identify other areas of potentially suitable habitat; and (3) test for the presence of P. shortridgei in predicted areas. In Lake Magenta Nature Reserve, 93% of P. shortridgei captures (14�of 15 mice) were associated with characteristics of a mixed laterite heath community representing 57 plant species and a dense structural layer up to 1.2 m. Aerial photography and satellite imagery were used to identify the occurrence of mixed laterite heath elsewhere within the reserve. Ground-truthing using pre-defined habitat criteria found that the best predictive model to define habitat was aerial photography. Trapping was undertaken in two areas of the reserve predicted by the modelling and resulted in the successful capture of the target species. This study demonstrates that aerial photography maps can provide a basis for focusing future trapping effort within reserves where P. shortrigei is likely to occur. The use of this GIS method provides a low-cost and simple method for improving the chances of locating additional populations of P. shortridgei in other nature reserves.
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Wright, G. G., K. B. Matthews, J. C. Tapping, and R. Wright. "Combining Metric Aerial Photography and Near‐Infrared Videography to Define Within‐Field Soil Sampling Frameworks." Geocarto International 18, no. 4 (December 2003): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106040308542285.
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Morgan, Jessica L., and Sarah E. Gergel. "Automated analysis of aerial photographs and potential for historic forest mapping." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43, no. 8 (August 2013): 699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2012-0492.
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Historic information regarding forest status is essential to management and conservation. Manual interpretation of aerial photography has long been the standard for forest inventory; however, manual interpretation can be subjective, inconsistent, and labor-intensive. This research compares automated techniques with manual interpretation results. First, we used an automated process (called segmentation) to delineate homogeneous stands of forests (or objects), analogous to the goal of manually delineating of polygons. Second, we used classification and regression tree (CART) analysis to classify polygons into the forest and terrain schemes used in British Columbia. Most characteristics of objects created via segmentation were similar to manually delineated polygons, as >70% of attributes were statistically similar across local, polygon, and landscape-level comparisons. Using manual interpretations for comparative reference, automated classifications produced overall accuracies ranging from 62% to 86% with per-class accuracies ranging from 0% to 96%. Automated methods yielded classifications meeting provincial overlap accuracy targets and helped identify classifications most suited to automation. Automated procedures have potential for aiding swift utilization of extensive historical photography archives with several caveats for future consideration. While automated techniques may never replicate all aspects of forest inventory classification, automated techniques may be valuable in assisting different phases of the process.
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Porwal, Mahesh C., and Parth S. Roy. "Attempted Understorey Characterization Using Aerial Photography in Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh, India." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 1 (1991): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900021299.
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Remote sensing is being widely used in the fields of resource management, planning, and wildlife habitat evaluation. Canopy cover-type mapping has been done in most of the bioclimatic zones of India and widely abroad, using aerial photointerpretation techniques. In the present study an attempt has been made to develop a methodology for mapping understorey vegetation in part of Kanha National Park, using 1:10,000-scale black-and-white aerial photographs.The Park, one of the best for Tiger (Felis tigris) visibility and observation of other large carnivores and herbivores, has been mapped, with subdivision into 11 vegetation cover-classes and four density-classes, using aerial photographs, and each class has been visited in the field for understorey information concerning different physiographic units. Each category of canopy-cover was sampled in the field, and tree base-cover per hectare has been estimated.Vertical profiles have also been drawn in the main vegetation classes in order to understand the occurrence of understorey vegetation. It was found that a physiographic analysis coupled with canopy-cover type and density, with appropriate sampling in the individual vegetation strata, have together proved indicative of understorey vegetationtype. When the relationship between understorey vegetation and canopy-cover type is established, one can directly depict understorey limits spatially in conjunction with the main vegetation cover. Such an approach of mapping understorey vegetation using aerial photographs could be of immense value for wildlife habitat evaluation and park management.
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Ahring, T. S., and D. R. Steward. "Groundwater surface water interactions and the role of phreatophytes in identifying recharge zones." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 11 (November 9, 2012): 4133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4133-2012.
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Abstract. Groundwater and surface water interactions within riparian corridors impact the distribution of phreatophytes that tap into groundwater stores. The changes in canopy area of phreatophytes over time is related to changes in depth to groundwater, distance from a stream or river, and hydrologic soil group. Remote sensing was used to determine the location of trees with pre-development and post-development aerial photography over the Ogallala Aquifer in the central plains of the United States. It was found that once the depth to groundwater becomes greater than about 3 m, tree populations decrease as depth to water increases. This subsequently limited the extent of phreatophytes to within 700 m of the river. It was also found that phreatophytes have a higher likelihood of growing on hydrologic soil groups with higher saturated hydraulic conductivity. Phreatophytes exist along portions of the Arkansas River corridor where significant decreases in groundwater occurred as long as alluvium exists to create perched conditions where trees survive dry periods. Significant decreases (more that 50%) in canopy cover exists along river segments where groundwater declined by more than 10 m, indicating areas with good hydraulic connectivity between surface water and groundwater. Thus, interpretation of changes in phreatophyte distribution using historical and recent aerial photography is important in delineating zones of enhanced recharge where aquifers might be effectively recharged through diversion of surface water runoff.
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Shanmugam, S., and M. Barnsley. "Quantifying landscape-ecological succession in a coastal dune system using sequential aerial photography and GIS." Journal of Coastal Conservation 8, no. 1 (2002): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1652/1400-0350(2002)008[0061:qlsiac]2.0.co;2.
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Shanmugam, S., and M. Barnsley. "Quantifying landscape-ecological succession in a coastal dune system using sequential aerial photography and GIS." Journal of Coastal Conservation 8, no. 1 (March 2002): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02806585.
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Indra Agus Riyanto, Ahmad Cahyadi, Dwi Sismoyo, Azura Ulfa, Wilda Aulia Fathoni, and Ghalih Nur Wicaksono. "Geomorfologi Tanah Pada Transisi Geologi Formasi Wonosari dan Nglanggran di Kecamatan Purwosari Gunungkidul Yogyakarta." Jurnal Geografi, Edukasi dan Lingkungan (JGEL) 6, no. 2 (July 26, 2022): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/jgel.v6i2.9072.
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The transition zone of the Wonosari and Nglanggran Formation in Purwosari District has the characteristics of thick soil, steep slopes, and no outcrops. The different characteristics found in the Wonosari Formation Zone are characterized by polygonal karst formations with thin soil and limestone rocks, and the Nglanggran Formation in the form of thick soil, andesite rock outcrops, and steep slopes. Geomorphological mapping of the Nglanggran and Wonosari Formation can be done easily through morphological approaches and outcrops. Geomorphological mapping is quite difficult to do in the transition of the Wonosari and Nglanggran Formation because it does not have outcrops and is difficult to interpret from morphology. Soil geomorphological approach needs to be done to define landform units for areas that do not have outcrops dan difficult to interpret through morphology. The purpose of this study was to map the geomorphological distribution of soil characteristics in the geological transition zone. The methods used to identify landform units are morphological delineation and soil survey. The morphological delineation for landform units was obtained from aerial photographs. The results of the delineation of landforms from aerial photographs are detailed by soil surveys. The results of the delineation of landforms using aerial photography produce high resolution, smooth, and firm compared to other sources. The results of the delineation of landforms from aerial photos obtained two units of landforms, limestone karst hills, Wonosari formation and andesitic rocky hills, Nglanggran formation. There is a transitional transition zone in the TP7 soil sample with the color change from dark brown (karst) to light brown (old volcanic). The thickness of the soil in the old volcanic is more than 1 meter and deeper than the karst soil (< 60 cm). The transition zone has three soil horizons A, B, and B/C which are classified as more developed than the karst region (A and B horizons). The soil texture in old volcanic is clay and silt, while the dominant karst area is clay.