Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aerial photography in watershed management

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Academic literature on the topic 'Aerial photography in watershed management'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Aerial photography in watershed management"

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Hailu, Mahammed Endrias, Mohammed Assen Ahmed, and Temesgen Argaw Naji. "Spatio-temporal variation on land use and land cover and its drivers under watershed management activities in Becho, Central Highlands of Ethiopia." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2022-0021.

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Abstract The study sought to understand the spatio-temporal variation of land use and land cover (LULC) and its drivers under watershed management activities in Becho district, in Ethiopia’s Central Highlands. To gain a better comprehension of the subject, two micro watersheds were chosen to test the effectiveness of watershed management activities (treated-Shankur Tareqo and untreated-Mende Tufessa). LULC changes were detected using aerial photography (1973), and satellite images from Landsat 5 TM (1990), Spot 5 (2005), and Landsat 8 OLI (2021) obtained from the Ethiopian Geospatial Information Institute and the United States Geological Survey. In addition, key informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussions (FGD) were used to elicit LULC drivers. Between 1973 and 2021, the total area of woodland, and cultivated and rural settlement land LULC classes in the treated micro-watershed decreased by 24.65% (171.9 ha) and 7.34% (759 ha), respectively. Though, grassland, forestland, and barrenland increased by 30.83% (179.52 ha), 1% (3 ha), and 183.14% (755.28 ha), respectively. The overall area of LULC class for woodland, grassland, forestland, and cultivated and rural settlement decreased by 50.36% (316.16 ha), 41.23% (196.46 ha), 2.43% (11.85 ha), and 1.35% (138.6 ha), respectively, in the untreated micro-watershed, while barrenland increased by 175.86% (666.55 ha). According to KII and FGD, the drivers of LULC changes were identified as the expansion of cultivated land, population pressure, and government policy. According to the findings, local-scale watershed management activities was not as effective as expected. As a result, in order to achieve the desired outcome, the concerned stakeholders should reconsider how watershed management activities is undertaken.
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Clapham, W. B. "Using Satellite Imagery with Digitized Aerial Photography for Ecological Analysis in Small Urban Watersheds." Environmental Practice 3, no. 1 (March 2001): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146604660000209x.

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Pearson, Audrey F. "Natural and logging disturbances in the temperate rain forests of the Central Coast, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 10 (October 2010): 1970–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-137.

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Natural disturbances frame the spatial and temporal processes of ecosystems and are the foundation for ecosystem-based management. In the coastal temperate rain forests of British Columbia, landscape patterns of natural disturbances and their contrasts with logging are not well documented. Stand-replacing disturbances over the past 140 years were investigated for the Central Coast (1.5 million ha) at regional and local scales using a combination of aerial photograph interpretation and forest management GIS databases. At the regional scale, stand-replacing natural disturbances affected 3.1% of the forested area. The extent of natural disturbances was not strongly affected by the scale of analysis. In contrast, spatial pattern and scale were essential for discerning the full impact of logging. At the regional scale, logging affected 5.4% of the forested area. Within watersheds, however, logging occurred primarily in valley bottoms (81% ± 4%) with 59% ± 10% of valley bottom areas logged, 10 times the area of natural disturbances. Watershed size strongly affected riparian zones, with active floodplains comprising 53% ± 5% of valley bottom area in large (>20 000 ha) watersheds. In physiographically diverse landscapes, geomorphic features (such as watersheds, valley bottoms, and fluvial landforms) are crucial for determining disturbance processes and effects of logging at ecologically relevant scales.
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Samani, Aliakbar Nazari, Fatemeh Tavakoli Rad, Maryam Azarakhshi, Mohammad Reza Rahdari, and Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. "Assessment of the Sustainability of the Territories Affected by Gully Head Advancements through Aerial Photography and Modeling Estimations: A Case Study on Samal Watershed, Iran." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 16, 2018): 2909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082909.

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Gully erosion is considered one of the major issues of land sustainability because it can remove considerable volumes of sediment and productive soils. Once started, gullies can continue to move by headcut retreat, or slumping of the side walls. Studies of gully development require constant monitoring activities which are not possible in not-well-explored areas, such as the arduous region of Iran, due to costs and a lack of geoinformation. Thus, the present research attempts to assess gully evolution using only two digital aerial photographs of different periods (1968 and 1994) and field assessment (2009) to estimate the gully head advancement based on frames geometry and rigorous procedure in southwestern Iran. Also, the gully head advancement was estimated and compared among them by different empirical equations. The results indicated that the mean of gully head advancement was 1.4 m year−1 and 1.2 m year−1 during 1968–1994 and 1994–2009, respectively, and the annual average of sediment mobilization was 26.8 m3 ha−1 in 2009. The model assessment indexes indicated that SCS (Soil Conservation Service) II was the best model for gully head advancement estimations in this study area. The main reasons for this can be associated with the Rp factor (previous gully head advancement) and the local environmental conditions. We conclude that the sustainability of the territory has been greatly affected due to this advancement. We also hypothesize that gully head changes could be related to the susceptibility of geological formations, climate, soil properties, and the coincidence of other gullies’ formation with common drainage networks in the study area. Based on the obtained results, land managers can use the results to distinguish the gullies in this region with a higher environmental risk, and to decide an effective implementation of soil conservation measures in order to include them in the land management plans.
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Buzmakov, S. A., P. Yu Sannikov, D. E. Sivkov, E. A. Dziuba, Y. V. Khotyanovskaya, and D. O. Egorova. "Development of geoinformation systems for environmental management and environmental safety in the areas of exploited oil deposits." Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature 7, no. 1 (2021): 102–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2021-1-102-127.

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The state of environmental protection of natural environment from negative processes has become an integral part of sustainable mining. The analytical review shows the ways of geoinformation system’s preparing a to ensure environmental safety during oil mining process on protected areas. Obtainment information for geoinformation database is based on technologies of aerial remote sensing, experimental modeling of biotic reactions to the impact of technogenic factors by biotesting methods. The geoinformation system should perform observations, assessments, search and regulatory forecasts, based on digital technologies, and develop individual measures for the preservation and restoration of the natural environment. Environmental stresses are usually caused by halogenesis, bitumization, air pollution and mechanogenesis. The use of geoinformation systems to collect information about the state of the natural environment is an essential feature of sustainable mining. Multispectral and panchromatic aerial photography by unmanned aerial vehicle has been successfully used to assess pollution, land degradation, and the effectiveness of land restoration. It is important to develop an unmanned aerial sensing technique for areas, where oil fields and protected are located. Biotesting of the consequences of technogenic transformation of ecosystem components is significantly related to the choice of optimal test objects for conducting experiments. Soil contamination with oil and its processed products affects the condition of all components: plants, microorganisms. It is advisable to develop a methodology for determining the patterns and levels of impact of residual oil and technogenic brines on local natural objects, local soil and water ecosystems based on the results of biotesting. Development of regulations for standard measures for remediation of ecosystems at different levels of pollution, during bitumization, halogenesis of land and water objects. The review shows that there are technological possibilities for creating GIS for monitoring the quality of the natural environment and environmental safety in the areas of oil fields. Digital maps of soils, watersheds, natural and technical systems, the development of technogenic processes and measures to restore the natural environment, allow to provide spatial modeling of natural and technogenic processes. Environmental quality management during oil mining process remains an important goal of geoecological researches.
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Mohawesh, Y., A. Taimeh, and F. Ziadat. "Effects of land use changes and conservation measures on land degradation under a Mediterranean climate." Solid Earth Discussions 7, no. 1 (January 13, 2015): 115–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-115-2015.

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Abstract. Land degradation resulting from improper land use and management is a major cause of declined productivity in the arid environment. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of a sequence of land use changes, soil conservation measures, and the time since their implementation on the degradation of selected soil properties. The climate for the selected 105 km2 watershed varies from semi-arid sub-tropical to Mediterranean sub-humid. Land use changes were detected using aerial photographs acquired in 1953, 1978, and 2008. A total of 218 samples were collected from 40 sites in three different rainfall zones to represent different land use changes and different lengths of time since the construction of stone walls. Analyses of variance were used to test the differences between the sequences of land use changes (interchangeable sequences of forest, orchards, field crops, and range), the time since the implementation of soil conservation measures, and rainfall on the thickness of the A-horizon, soil organic carbon content, and texture. Soil organic carbon reacts actively with different combinations and sequences of land use changes. The time since stone walls were constructed showed significant impacts on soil organic carbon and the thickness of the surface horizon. The effects of changing the land use and whether the changes were associated with the construction of stone walls, varied according to the annual rainfall. The results help in understanding the effects of land use changes on land degradation processes and carbon sequestration potential and in formulating sound soil conservation plans.
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Mohawesh, Y., A. Taimeh, and F. Ziadat. "Effects of land use changes and soil conservation intervention on soil properties as indicators for land degradation under a Mediterranean climate." Solid Earth 6, no. 3 (July 23, 2015): 857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-6-857-2015.

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Abstract. Land degradation resulting from improper land use and management is a major cause of declined productivity in the arid environment. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of a sequence of land use changes, soil conservation measures, and the time since their implementation on the degradation of selected soil properties. The climate for the selected 105 km2 watershed varies from semi-arid sub-tropical to Mediterranean sub-humid. Land use changes were detected using aerial photographs acquired in 1953, 1978, and 2008. A total of 218 samples were collected from 40 sites in three different rainfall zones to represent different land use changes and variable lengths of time since the construction of stone walls. Analyses of variance were used to test the differences between the sequences of land use changes (interchangeable sequences of forest, orchards, field crops, and range), the time since the implementation of soil conservation measures, rainfall on the thickness of the A-horizon, soil organic carbon content, and texture. Soil organic carbon reacts actively with different combinations and sequences of land use changes. The time since stone walls were constructed showed significant impacts on soil organic carbon and the thickness of the surface horizon. The effects of changing the land use and whether the changes were associated with the construction of stone walls varied according to the annual rainfall. The changes in soil properties could be used as indicators of land degradation and to assess the impact of soil conservation programs. The results help in understanding the effects of land use changes on land degradation processes and carbon sequestration potential and in formulating sound soil conservation plans.
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Protsyk, Mykhailo, Borys Chetverikov, and Andrii Ivanevych. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 93,2021, no. 93 (June 23, 2021): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.93.072.

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Aim of the work. To develop a method of automated allocation of catchment basins and obtaining their hydrological and morphometric characteristics, which is based on digital terrain models. Methods and results of work. A necessary condition for the correct filling of the terrain is the presence of points of true flow at the edge of the settlement area (if the river flows into the lake, it should not enter the calculated area completely, otherwise incorrect results will be obtained). By performing the operation of filling the relief of the terrain, a new dem is created, which does not contain fictitious depressions and is used in the next step as input data to calculate the flow direction according to the algorithm d8. According to the proposed technological scheme it is necessary to process step by step the following six blocks: filling of closed depressions, calculation of runoff direction, calculation of total runoff, creation of point vector data set of closing points (mouth points), creation of watershed boundaries, raster-vector data conversion. Theoretical research tested the method of automated allocation of watersheds, namely the determination of hydrological and morphometric parameters of the terrain. The pools were ranked according to these parameters according to the existing classifications, a series of relevant thematic electronic maps was compiled. It should be noted that in Skole district of lviv region there are 590 catchment areas, and their area is 1407 km2. Watersheds are classified by outcrop, namely low-mountain basins in the region of 6, their area is 7 km2, medium-mountain 360, area 755 km2, high-mountain 224, area 645 km2. Pools are classified according to the average slope: the first category from 0-3 degrees, very gentle slopes - pools 27, area 7 km2; the second category from 9-12 degrees, sloping slopes-pools of 128, the area 303 km2; the third category from 12-15> degrees, steep slopes - pools of 225, the area 648 km2. The accuracy between the reference and the original relief model was evaluated. We can say that sle = 0.63 (m) slope, sle = 5.43 (m) height. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The technological scheme of automated separation of catchment basins according to digital relief models for Skoliv district of lviv region is proposed and the method of separation of catchment basins is worked out. According to the developed method, maps of watercourses of different orders and their catchment basins and classification of basins by area on the territory of Skole administrative district, which can be used by local organizations on water resources, are constructed.
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Khavar, Yulia, Yurii Hubar, Vira Sai, Oleksandra Hulko, and Liliya Vynarchyk. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 96,2022, no. 96 (December 2022): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.96.032.

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The aims of our paper are to study the territory organization of the forest fund lands of the Skhidnytsya village council (Lviv region), performing their forest management with the development of a system of activities aimed at ensuring scientifically based multifunctional forestry management, protection and rational sustainable use. The possibility of performing cadastral works for the territorial organization of forestry lands using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is important for science and practice. The paper considers the main direction of sustainable development of forest areas with a recreational function, aimed at strengthening ecological, social and economic functions and protection of these forests, their rational use. Based on the division of forests into categories, their functional significance, the regime of forestry and forest use for the next revision period, the following economic units were formed: health and recreational forests with a special regime of use in the mountains. The distribution of the total area of health and recreational forests by functional zones, types of landscape, classes of aesthetic assessment, pedestrian accessibility, recreational assessment, resistance to recreational loads, stages of recreational digression, additional assessment is presented. The results obtained prove the practical significance of the use of UAVs for performing work on the organization of the territory (certain category of land), and the resulting cartographic materials fully comply with the instructive accuracy. The developed provisions of this study correspond to the basic principles of sustainable forest management, provide for a combination of economic, environmental and social aspects of forestry activities.
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Galayda, Andrii, Borys Chetverikov, and Ihor Kolb. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.065.

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The aim of the work is to propose a method of creating a geographic information online resource for the management of Lisovohrynivetska UTC. To implement the tasks, a technological scheme was proposed, which consisted of 9 stages of work. The first stage involved the collection and analysis of disparate data in both vector and raster formats on the territory of the Lisovohrenivetska united territorial community. In the second stage, with the help of Global Mapper software, all vector data files in *.dxf and *.dmf formats, which were previously available, were converted to *.shp format for further processing in ArcGIS software. As a result of the conversion, graphic and attributive data were obtained in the required format and according to the layers they contain, the geodatabase with symbols according to the classifier was edited to create 1: 2000 scale plans. The next step was to unify the database of convertible files, as vector data was created with different construction of attribute tables. In addition, there is a need to enter vector data into the edited geospatial database. To do this, a ArcPy script was written that rearranges attribute tables and enters data into a geodatabase. Adjusted and populated the attribute database of vector objects for those columns where there was no information. The penultimate step was to develop the structure of the geoportal on the basis of ArcGIS-online to download the geodatabase to Lisovohrynivetska UTC on the server, to enable their external use with a unique login and password. The last step, after creating the structure of the geoportal, was to upload vector and raster geodata prepared by ArcGIS to the geoportal. As a result of the realization of the set purpose the technique of creating the geoinformation online resource for the management of the united territorial community is offered and described. During the implementation of the method the data of 24 disparate vector layers for the Lisogrynivtska community of Khmelnytsky region were processed and converted. Raster cartographic materials for UTC were collected and processed. The geodatabase according to the classifier for scale 1: 2000 is created. The structure of the geoportal based on the ArcGIS-online kernel with a connected map-base based on the online resource GoogleMaps, where all processed materials are downloaded, has been developed. The scientific novelty is to develop the concept of accumulation of heterogeneous vector and raster geospatial data in one geodatabase, by converting them into a specific format. Additional modules have been written in ArcPy to unify the database structure. Implemented geoinformation system is located on the geoportal and is designed for management decisions of community leaders. In addition, the created GIS can be used for land management and surveying work on community sites.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aerial photography in watershed management"

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Millinor, William A. "Digital Vegetation Delineation on Scanned Orthorectified Aerial Photography of Petersburg National Battlefield." NCSU, 2000. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20001123-131211.

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I developed a new methodology to produce an orthorectified mosaic and a vegetation database of Petersburg National Battlefield using mostly digital methods. Both the mosaic and the database meet National Map Accuracy Standards and proved considerably faster than traditional aerial photograph interpretation methods. I classified vegetation polygons to the formation level using the Nature Conservancy?s National Vegetation Classification System. Urban areas were classified using Mitchell?s Classification Scheme for Urban Forest Mapping with Small-Scale Aerial Photographs. This method reduced the production time by 2/3, compared to traditional methods. It also reduced the chance of user error because re-tracing of the linework is not required.

My method started with scanning 75 aerial color IR photos, provided by Petersburg National Battlefield, at 600 dpi. Erdas Imagine was used to rectify the images using United States Geological Service (USGS) Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and black and white USGS Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quadrangles (DOQQ) as reference. The images were then mosaiced to create a seamless color infrared orthorectified basemap of the park. The vegetation polygons were drawn onscreen using ArcMap from Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) with the color, orthorectified mosaic as a background image. Stereo pairs of the aerial photos were referenced as needed for clarification of the vegetation. I used a minimum mapping unit (mmu) of 0.2 hectares, which exceeds guidelines defined by the United States Geological Survey ? National Park Service Vegetation Mapping Program. This methodology is easily learned quickly and has already been applied to several other studies.

The production of an orthorectified mosaic, created during the process, from the aerial photographs greatly increases the value of the photographs at little additional cost to the user. The orthorectified basemap can then be used as a backdrop for existing data layers or it can be used to create new GIS data layers. I used a minimum mapping unit (mmu) of 0.2 hectare, which exceeds guidelines defined by the United States Geological Survey-National Park Service Vegetation Mapping Program

Traditionally, vegetation polygons are delineated on acetate for each photograph. The linework on the acetates is then transferred to a basemap using a zoom transfer scope or other transfer instrument. The linework is traced again to digitize it for use in a GIS program. This process is time consuming, and the linework is drawn three times. The redundant tracing increases the chance of user error. My new methodology requires that polygons be delineated only once. I wanted to avoid using the zoom transfer scope and to avoid the redundant linework.

A total of 228 polygons were delineated over 20 separate vegetation and land cover classes with an overall thematic accuracy of 87.42% and a Kappa of .8545. Positional accuracy was very good with a RMSE of 1.62 meters in the x direction and 2.81 meters in the y direction. The Kappa and RMSE values compare favorably with accuracies obtained using traditional vegetation mapping methods.

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Edwards, Esther. "An investigation into the use of aerial digital photography for monitoring coastal sand dunes." Thesis, Bath Spa University, 2001. http://researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk/1442/.

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The coastal zone is a highly dynamic entity both spatially and temporally and when shoreline changes (and in particular retreat) occur on a hmnan time-scale, measurement of the rate of change becomes a pressing issue. This dynamism presents an excellent scenario for monitoring change using remote sensing techniques, and in the case of coastal sand dunes, where the requirement is to measure small scale changes such as erosion or accretion in the region of 10 or 20 m, aerial photography is the preferred source of remotely sensed data. The rapid developments in digital camera technology and real time satellite differential Global Positioning Systems have yielded new opportunities for mapping and monitoring environmental change when used with image processing and mapping software and state-of-the-art digital photogrammetric workstations. Despite the progress in digital technologies, however, there is still considerable lack of awareness on the part of potential users, and it is in response to this that the processing chain for data collection through to orthophoto production described here has been developed. This study explores the major issues that affect quality, mission logistics and cost and will demonstrate the methodology and application of digital techniques for producing georectified imagery and contoured orthophoto maps of coastal environments. This will be achieved through a series of case studies of dynamic dune environments in south-west England and France. Digital imagery was captured using a colour infrared Aerial Digital Photographic System and ground control was collected using differential Global Positioning Systems. This study seeks to assess the application of this imagery to coastal dune monitoring, putting these new techniques within the grasp of coastal dune managers, enabling them to make use of digital imagery captured to different specifications depending on the accuracy requirement of the end product. The results indicate that this type of imagery and the techniques used can provide the dune manager with information which would otherwise be too costly or time consuming to acquire. 2D rectification of the imagery provided maps of dune retreat and accretion with errors in the region of± 1.5m, and rectification to a higher order using 3D photogrammetric correction provided 1 :5000 contoured orthophotographs with mean xy errors in the region of 2. 5 m and mean elevation errors in the region of 1.5m.
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Wilhite, Jerry W. "Use of infrared aerial photographs to identify and assess habitat needed by native fish in rivers." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1445041571&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Metzler, Jacob W. "Use of Multi-temporal IKONOS and LANDSAT ETM+ Satellite Imagery to Determine Forest Stand Conditions in Northern Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MetzlerJW2004.pdf.

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Spencer, Darren W. "The Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) Industry and the Business Impacts of the Evolution of the Federal Regulatory Environment." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7576.

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Despite the explosion of popularity of UASs, and the recognition that such systems must find a way to safely operate alongside manned aviation, a literature review by this author as well as interviews with three commercial aerial photography companies in Tampa Bay, Florida, indicate that regulatory restrictions are still the greatest obstacle to law abiding commercial UAS operators. It can take six to eight months with a backlog of 12,000 waiver applications to get either a Part 333 or Part 107 exemption, which grants FAA permission for a commercial operator to fly a UAS inside controlled airspace (Gardner, 2018). A manned pilot can file a flight plan and hover a helicopter over the same area in just a few hours. The purpose of this research was to determine what industry experts perceive the future of UAS regulations hold, and how the industry will be impacted in both the short term of 5 years and less, and long-term of 5 years or more. UAS industry expert interviews were conducted in the “reflection of the meaning”, semi-structured style, with each interviewee given the latitude to discuss topics as they came to mind. A preset approved bank of questions helped to guide the interview, but in many cases as experts in the field, the interviewees naturally discussed the topics covered in the preset questions and the interview adapted to avoid unnecessary repetition. One interview was conducted in-person, but the rest were via phone calls due to geographical separation.
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Wigmore, Oliver Henry Wigmore. "Assessing Spatiotemporal Variability in Glacial Watershed Hydrology: Integrating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Field Hydrology, Cordillera Blanca, Peru." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471854919.

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Pacurari, Doru I. "Evaluation of the use of remotely sensed images to speciate mixed Appalachian forests." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1550.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 128 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-121).
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Holmström, Hampus. "Data acquisition for forestry planning by remote sensing based sample plot imputation /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6086-7.pdf.

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Chesser, Zack B. "Integrated management techniques used for cogongrass control." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11052007-162512.

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Sharratt, Norma. "Response of aquatic macroinvertebrate and aerial odonate assemblages to the removal of invasive alien trees in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50440.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Invasive alien trees, especially Acacia species, are a great threat to biodiversity in South African rivers. The national Working for Water Programme is addressing the alien problem by removing alien trees from river margins. The concern is that this may be creating even further disturbance by affecting water quality and habitats. In particular, how is this affecting rare and endemic species? Benthic macro invertebrates and aerial odonates were assessed along five Western Cape rivers in alien-invaded, cleared and natural sites between December and March. The aim was to assess the effect of both alien invasion and alien clearing on aquatic invertebrates. Odonata, being easily sampled, were also assessed as they are severely affected by the lack of understorey plants in shaded, alien-invaded sites. Odonata and benthic macroinvertebrates were treated as two separate studies and no attempt was made to correlate the results obtained from both studies. SASS5, a qualitative, rapid bioassessment technique, based on the sensitivity of the families present, was used as a measure of river health and, indirectly, of water quality. SASS indicated a decline in water quality conditions after alien clearing, a likely response to the greater insolation as well as erosion of cleared banks, resulting in elevated temperatures and suspended solids and lowered oxygen levels. Community responses to alien disturbance and other environmental factors were analysed using PRIMER and CANOCO software. Assemblages of Odonata were found to provide a rapid, cost-effective means of assessment and monitoring. Potential indicator and detector species were also identified using the lndicator Value method. Assemblage patterns of aquatic invertebrates, however, were dominated by between-river and seasonal effects. Therefore, while SASS detected overall changes in river health, without identifying the cause, potential aquatic detector taxa were identified that may be useful for linking general disturbance to alien invasion or clearing. All indicator and detector taxa identified in both studies can be used for long-term monitoring and for identifying biodiverse areas for clearing or protection. In both studies, sensitive, endemic taxa were lost after clearing, being replaced by more tolerant, widespread taxa. Recovery of the biota appears to follow the recovery succession of the vegetation, with most sensitive or endemic taxa only appearing after the recovery of indigenous plants. A number of recommendations are made regarding the restoration of both water quality (particularly with respect to shade and soil erosion) and biotope availability (particularly in terms of the recultivation of indigenous plants) in order to achieve biodiversity objectives. The role of catchment management, prioritisation procedures and long-term monitoring are also discussed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Uitheemse, indringerbome, veral Acacia spesies, is 'n groot bedreiging vir biodiversiteit in Suid- Afrikaanse riviere. Die nasionale Werk vir Water-projek spreek hierdie probleem aan deur uitheemse bome van rivieroewers te verwyder. Die kommer is dat water kwaliteit en habitatte sodoende verder versteur kan word. Byvoorbeeld, hoe word endemiese en bedreigde spesies geraak? Akwatiese makroinvertebrate en volwasse Odonata in vyf Wes-Kaapse riviere is tussen Desember en Maart bestudeer en gemonster in natuurlike gebiede, in gebiede waar indringerbome teenwoordig is, en in gebiede waar hulle verwyder is. Die doel was om die effek van indringerverwante impakte op akwatiese invertebrate vas te stel. Odonata is ook bestudeer omdat hulle maklik gemonster kan word en omdat hulle ernstig geraak word deur indringers. Die uitheemse plantegroei oorskadu die oewers en verhoed die groei van inheemse oewerplante. Die bentiese makro-invertebrate en Odonata is as twee aparte studies behandel en geen poging is gemaak om die resultate van die twee te vergelyk nie. SASSS, 'n kwalitatiewe, bioasseseringsmetode wat op die sensitiwiteit van die aanwesige families baseer word, is gebruik om waterkwaliteit op 'n indirekte manier te bepaal. SASS het aangedui dat daar 'n afname in waterkwaliteit is nadat indringerplante verwyder is. Dit is moontlik as 'n gevolg van groter blootstelling aan sonskyn en erosie van rivieroewers wat veroorsaak dat temperature en die hoeveelheid gesuspendeerde materiaal verhoog word, en dat suurstof konsentrasies verminder word. Die gevolge van indringerplante en ander omgewingsfaktore op akwatiese gemeenskappe is met PRlMER en CANOCO sagteware ontleed. Groepering van Odonata kan gebruik word om op 'n maklike en koste-effektiewe manier om die impak van indringerplante en hul verwydering te bepaal en te monitor. Aanwyserspesies is ook deur middel van die 'Indicator Value' metode geïdentifiseer. Die verspreidingspatrone van invertebraatspesies word deur geografiese en seisoenale effekte oorheers. Dus, terwyl SASS veranderinge in waterkwaliteit kan aantoon, sonder om die oorsaak daarvan te identifiseer, kan aanwyserspesies gebruik word om meer spesifieke impakte deur indringerplantegroei, of indringerverwydering, te bepaal en te monitor. Hulle kan ook gebruik word om gebiede met hoë biodiversiteit vir bewaring of indringerverwydering te identifiseer. Beide studies dui aan dat sensitiewe en endemiese taksa na indringerverwydering verlore gaan, en vervang word met meer geharde, wydverspreide taksa. Herstel van die biota volg op die herstel van die plant gemeenskappe, en die mees sensitiewe of endemiese taksa herstel eers nadat die inheemse plantegroei herstel het. 'n Aantal aanbevelings in verband met die restorasie van waterkwaliteit (veral in terme van die hoeveelheid skaduwee en erosie) en die beskikbaarheid van biotope (veral in terme van inheemse plante) om biodiversiteitsdoelwitte te bereik word gemaak. Die rol van opvanggebied bestuur, voorrang prosedures en lang termyn monitering word ook bespreek.
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Books on the topic "Aerial photography in watershed management"

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Lefor, M. W. On the construction and use of dichotomous keys for the interpretation of land cover and watershed features in aerial photographs. Storrs, CT: Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station , College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, 1985.

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Clemmer, Pam. The use of aerial photography to manage riparian-wetland areas. Denver, Colo: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, National Science and Technology Center, 2001.

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United States. Bureau of Land Management. Denver Service Center., ed. The use of aerial photography to manage riparian-wetland areas. Denver, Colo: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Service Center, 1994.

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Clemmer, Pam. The use of aerial photography to manage riparian-wetland areas. 2nd ed. Denver, Colo. (P.O. Box 25047, Denver 80225-0047): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, National Science and Technology Center, 2001.

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Clemmer, Pam. The use of aerial photography to manage riparian-wetland areas. 2nd ed. Denver, Colo. (P.O. Box 25047, Denver 80225-0047): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Service Center, 2001.

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Clemmer, Pam. The use of aerial photography to manage riparian-wetland areas: Riparian area management. Denver, Colo: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Service Center, 1994.

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Batson, Fred T. The use of aerial photography to inventory and monitor riparian areas. Denver, Colo: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 1987.

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Don, Prichard, United States. Bureau of Land Management. PFC Aerial Photo Interpretation Team, and National Applied Resource Sciences Center (U.S.), eds. Using aerial photographs to assess proper functioning condition of riparian-wetland areas. Denver, CO (P.O. Box 25047, Denver 80225-0047): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, National Applied Resource Sciences Center, 1996.

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Carroll, Tammy L. Aerial inventory of land uses and nonpoint pollution sources in the Nottely Reservoir watershed. Chattanooga, Tenn: Tennessee Valley Authority, Resource Group, Water Management, 1993.

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King, Mary A. A feasibility study to evaluate aerial photogrammetry as a tool for assessing changes in Kenai River riparian habitat. Anchorage: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Sport Fish, Research and Technical Services, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aerial photography in watershed management"

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Czachórski, Tadeusz, Erol Gelenbe, Godlove Suila Kuaban, and Dariusz Marek. "Optimizing Energy Usage for an Electric Drone." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 61–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09357-9_6.

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AbstractUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are rapidly gaining popularity in a wide variety of applications, e.g., agriculture, health care, environmental management, supply chains, law enforcement, surveillance, and photography. Dones are often powered by batteries, making energy a critical resource that must be optimised during the mission of the drone. The duration of a done’s mission depends on the amount of energy required to perform some manoeuvering actions (takeoff, level flight, hovering, and landing), the energy required to power the ICT modules in the drone, the drone’s speed, payload, and the wind. In this paper, we present a model that minimizes the energy consumption of a low power drone and maximizes the time required to completely drain the drone’s battery and ensure the safe landing of the drone.
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Williams, Donald, and John Lyon. "Historical Aerial Photographs and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to Determine Effects of Long-Term Water Level Fluctuations on Wetlands along the St. Marys River, Michigan, USA." In GIS for Water Resource and Watershed Management, 145–57. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203217917.ch13.

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Fuller, Michael S., and Peter D. Roffers. "Erosion due to a century of road construction and maintenance at Mount Diablo State Park, California." In Regional Geology of Mount Diablo, California: Its Tectonic Evolution on the North America Plate Boundary. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.1217(07).

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ABSTRACT Mount Diablo State Park exemplifies many other conservation areas where managers balance the dual missions of protecting natural resources while providing public access. Roads and trails that crisscross the park are etched into the geomorphic surface, capturing and redirecting storm runoff, and presenting both a challenge for soil conservation and a consequence of construction and maintenance. We used field mapping, remote sensing, and modeling to assess erosion along the roads and trails in Mount Diablo State Park, which encompasses the headwaters of several urbanized watersheds. The field mapping in 2011 determined that 56% of the assessed roads and trails required either repair or reconstruction to control erosion and that ~67% of the culverts in the park required either repair or replacement. Aerial photography and modeling showed that other erosion (unrelated to roads or trails) preferentially occurred during wet periods, in specific lithologies, and on convergent slopes. Although lithology and climate drive slope-forming geomorphic processes, we found that the road and trail system (1) expanded the stream network with a capillary-like system of rills, (2) catalyzed prolonged erosion, and (3) altered the timing and pattern of sediment yield. In addition to water-driven erosion during wet periods, road and trail surfaces were subject to mechanical and wind erosion during dry periods. Spatially, dry erosion and runoff both conformed with and crossed topographic gradients by following the road and trail network. Road- and trail-induced erosion occurred across a wider range of rock properties and slope geometries than is typical for other erosion. Hence, the roads and trails have expanded the spatial and temporal boundary conditions over which geomorphic processes operate and, due to continual soil disturbance, have accelerated erosion rates. Although road density is a commonly used metric to rank road-related impacts at watershed scales, it misses both spatial variability and the opportunity to identify specific road and trail segments for remediation. We developed a spatially explicit scoring scheme based on actual erosion and the potential for sedimentation of discrete waterbodies. The data were incorporated into the park’s road and trail management plan in 2016.
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Aber, James S., Irene Marzolff, and Johannes B. Ries. "Golf Course Management." In Small-Format Aerial Photography, 243–45. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53260-2.10019-5.

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Aber, James S., Irene Marzolff, and Johannes B. Ries. "Architecture and Property Management." In Small-Format Aerial Photography, 233–41. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53260-2.10018-3.

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"Additional Topics in Natural Resources Management." In Aerial Photography and Image Interpretation, 386–404. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118110997.ch20.

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Garofalo, Donald. "Aerial Photointerpretation of Hazardous Waste Sites." In GIS for Water Resource and Watershed Management, 219–40. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203217917.ch18.

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Friedman, Erin, Cory Look, and Matthew Brown. "Using UAVs to Manage Archaeological Heritage." In An Archaeology and History of a Caribbean Sugar Plantation on Antigua, 247–64. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401285.003.0016.

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This chapter explores the use of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) for the use of archaeological investigations and heritage management at the historic sugar plantation of Betty’s Hope, Antigua. While the acquisition of low flying aerial imagery, such as kite photography, has been common practice within archaeological research, recent software innovations coupling photogrammetry and UAV technologies are providing new tools for exploration. Two different approaches for UAV acquisition are explored in this chapter: the first for use within archaeological excavations and the second for use at studying the landscape. Both have particular implications for heritage management, as the use of structure from motion (SfM) methodology coupled with aerial imagery can be used to produce an accurate 3D surface model of the site that is akin to site scanners and LiDAR technology. The important differences and limitations to these technologies are discussed.
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Jain, Lokesh Kumar. "Remote Sensing Techniques and Its Application in Arid Zones of India." In Environmental Information Systems, 1065–79. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7033-2.ch047.

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Remote sensing technologies offer the potential for contributing the security to human existence on arid zones in the country in variety of ways. Remote Sensing in agriculture particularly for natural resource management. It provides important coverage, mapping and classification of land cover features. The remote view of the sensor and the ability to store, analyze, and display the sensed data on field maps are make remote sensing a potentially important tool for agriculture. The aerial photography gives two main advantages viz., speedy survey in very large area or remote area and precise description and recording of resources status. Remotely sensed images provide a means to assess field conditions and gave valuable insights into agronomic management. It led to understanding of leaf reflectance and leaf emittance changes in response to leaf thickness, species, canopy shape, leaf age, nutrient status, and water status. Understanding of leaf reflectance has led to quantify various agronomic parameters, e.g., leaf area, crop cover, biomass, crop type, nutrient status, and yield.
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Jain, Lokesh Kumar. "Remote Sensing Techniques and Its Application in Arid Zones of India." In Advances in Geospatial Technologies, 193–211. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1814-3.ch009.

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Remote sensing technologies offer the potential for contributing the security to human existence on arid zones in the country in variety of ways. Remote Sensing in agriculture particularly for natural resource management. It provides important coverage, mapping and classification of land cover features. The remote view of the sensor and the ability to store, analyze, and display the sensed data on field maps are make remote sensing a potentially important tool for agriculture. The aerial photography gives two main advantages viz., speedy survey in very large area or remote area and precise description and recording of resources status. Remotely sensed images provide a means to assess field conditions and gave valuable insights into agronomic management. It led to understanding of leaf reflectance and leaf emittance changes in response to leaf thickness, species, canopy shape, leaf age, nutrient status, and water status. Understanding of leaf reflectance has led to quantify various agronomic parameters, e.g., leaf area, crop cover, biomass, crop type, nutrient status, and yield.
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Conference papers on the topic "Aerial photography in watershed management"

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Tang, Zhenghong, Daniel Brown, and Lewis A. Owen. "Using Aerial Photos and Field Survey Methods to Monitor Fan Sedimentation and Landscape Evolution." In Watershed Management Conference 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40763(178)58.

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Yu, Xinle, Zhanxin Yang, and Chao Chen. "An OFDM Transmission System for Aerial photography." In 2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2009.5305836.

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Alexander, Scott, Mina Rahimi, Erik Larson, Cody Bomberger, Brittany Greenwaldt, and Calvin Alexander. "Combining LiDAR, Aerial Photography, and Pictometry® Tools for Karst Features Database Management." In National Cave and Karst Research Institute Symposium 2. National Cave and Karst Research Institute, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/9780979542275.1155.

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Eyre-Walker, R. E. A., and G. K. Earp. "Application of aerial photography to obtain ideal data for condition based risk management of rail networks." In 4th IET International Conference on Railway Condition Monitoring (RCM 2008). IEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20080353.

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Adam, Steve. "High Resolution Satellite Imagery or Ortho-Photography? A Wealth of Experience From Pipeline Integrity Mapping and Oil/Gas Asset Management." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27289.

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Since January 2000, 1m resolution satellite imagery has been commercially available from the Ikonos satellite. Recently, the Quickbird satellite also became operational acquiring images with running 70cm resolution. We commonly assume that new technologies, such as Ikonos and Quickbird, will displace traditional methods. This may be the case in the far distant future, but at the present time (and for many years to come) there is plenty of room for both high resolution satellite imagery and traditional aerial photography. In fact, air photo use is steadily increasing as spatial information systems gain popularity in industry and government.
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Guerrero, Hugo, and Cameron Shankland. "Integrating Airborne Datasets Into the Design and Construction Planning Phases." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64338.

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Today, obtaining field information in traditional pipeline design workflows rely on the use of conventional aerial photography, mapping and field visits. As a Designer, Engineer or Project Manager, a field visit can answer many questions and perhaps be the key to achieving a sound, successful design and installation. While conventional aerial orthophotography and mapping is invaluable during the design, it lacks a dimension that allows you to visualize the right-of-way the way you would if you were there. The use of Airborne Video and Oblique Imagery is not intended to replace conventional aerial orthophotography or mapping, but augment its use by providing a rich visualization that, in conjunction with the planimetric data sets, can aid the project team immensely during the design and permitting phase of a project. Currently, there are Airborne Data services available serving the pipeline industry that contain custom tools that either integrate into GIS platforms or operate as stand-alone proprietary software. These tools aid designers, engineers and constructors navigate through the video without having to sit and watch the whole video. In addition, video can be geocoded to specific pipeline or right-of-way features, such as a valve sites or stream crossings. Some tools even allow you to take rough measurements from visible features like fences or roads. Having such a dataset enables project team members to revisit any location along the right-of-way as many times as required to get information to finalize a design, permit application or to estimate the cost of construction. As Project Managers, we regularly face having new team members join the project at all stages of the project. Having a video to hand to new team members reduces the time they will take to get on board and familiarize themselves with the right-of-way. It also reduces the amount of field trips required just for this purpose. Another great use of Airborne Datasets is to use it during a pre-bid conference and provide it to the contractors bidding on the job. On large pipeline projects, it is unfeasible and impractical to have the project management team tour the entire right-of-way during a job walk, and there is likely areas along the right-of-way that are not very accessible thus requiring a flyover to review it with others.
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Reports on the topic "Aerial photography in watershed management"

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Taverna, Kristin. Vegetation classification and mapping of land additions at Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia: Addendum to technical report NPS/NER/NRTR 2008/128. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294278.

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In 2008 and 2015, the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage produced vegetation maps for Richmond National Battlefield Park, following the protocols of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) – National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Program. The original 2008 report was part of a regional project to map and classify the vegetation in seven national parks in Virginia. The 2015 report was an addendum to the original report and mapped the vegetation in newly acquired parcels. Since 2015, the park has acquired an additional 820 acres of land within 12 individual parcels, including the 650 acre North Anna unit. This report is an addendum to the 2008 and 2015 reports and documents the mapping of vegetation and other land-use classes for the 12 new land parcels at Richmond National Battlefield Park, with an updated vegetation map for the entire park. The updated map and associated data provide information on the sensitivity and ecological integrity of habitats and can help prioritize areas for protection. The vegetation map of the new land parcels includes eighteen map classes, representing 14 associations from the United States National Vegetation Classification, one nonstandard, park-specific class, and three Anderson Level II land-use categories. The vegetation classification and map classes are consistent with the original 2008 report. Vegetation-map classes for the new land parcels were identified through field reconnaissance, data collection, and aerial photo interpretation. Aerial photography from 2017 served as the base map for mapping the 12 new parcels, and field sampling was conducted in the summer of 2020. Three new map classes for the Park were encountered and described during the study, all within the North Anna park unit. These map classes are Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest, Northern Coastal Plain / Piedmont Oak – Beech / Heath Forest, and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest. The examples of Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest at North Anna meet the criteria of size, condition, and landscape context to be considered a Natural Heritage exemplary natural community occurrence and should be targeted for protection and management as needed. New local and global descriptions for the three map classes are included as part of this report. Refinements were made to the vegetation field key to include the new map classes. The updated field key is part of this report. An updated table listing the number of polygons and total hectares for each of the 28 vegetation- map classes over the entire park is also included in the report. A GIS coverage containing a vegetation map for the entire park with updated Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) compliant metadata was completed for this project. The attribute table field names are the same as the 2008 and 2015 products, with the exception of an additional field indicating the year each polygon was last edited.
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