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Hailu, Mahammed Endrias, Mohammed Assen Ahmed, and Temesgen Argaw Naji. "Spatio-temporal variation on land use and land cover and its drivers under watershed management activities in Becho, Central Highlands of Ethiopia." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2022-0021.
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Abstract The study sought to understand the spatio-temporal variation of land use and land cover (LULC) and its drivers under watershed management activities in Becho district, in Ethiopia’s Central Highlands. To gain a better comprehension of the subject, two micro watersheds were chosen to test the effectiveness of watershed management activities (treated-Shankur Tareqo and untreated-Mende Tufessa). LULC changes were detected using aerial photography (1973), and satellite images from Landsat 5 TM (1990), Spot 5 (2005), and Landsat 8 OLI (2021) obtained from the Ethiopian Geospatial Information Institute and the United States Geological Survey. In addition, key informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussions (FGD) were used to elicit LULC drivers. Between 1973 and 2021, the total area of woodland, and cultivated and rural settlement land LULC classes in the treated micro-watershed decreased by 24.65% (171.9 ha) and 7.34% (759 ha), respectively. Though, grassland, forestland, and barrenland increased by 30.83% (179.52 ha), 1% (3 ha), and 183.14% (755.28 ha), respectively. The overall area of LULC class for woodland, grassland, forestland, and cultivated and rural settlement decreased by 50.36% (316.16 ha), 41.23% (196.46 ha), 2.43% (11.85 ha), and 1.35% (138.6 ha), respectively, in the untreated micro-watershed, while barrenland increased by 175.86% (666.55 ha). According to KII and FGD, the drivers of LULC changes were identified as the expansion of cultivated land, population pressure, and government policy. According to the findings, local-scale watershed management activities was not as effective as expected. As a result, in order to achieve the desired outcome, the concerned stakeholders should reconsider how watershed management activities is undertaken.
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Clapham, W. B. "Using Satellite Imagery with Digitized Aerial Photography for Ecological Analysis in Small Urban Watersheds." Environmental Practice 3, no. 1 (March 2001): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146604660000209x.
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Pearson, Audrey F. "Natural and logging disturbances in the temperate rain forests of the Central Coast, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 10 (October 2010): 1970–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-137.
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Natural disturbances frame the spatial and temporal processes of ecosystems and are the foundation for ecosystem-based management. In the coastal temperate rain forests of British Columbia, landscape patterns of natural disturbances and their contrasts with logging are not well documented. Stand-replacing disturbances over the past 140 years were investigated for the Central Coast (1.5 million ha) at regional and local scales using a combination of aerial photograph interpretation and forest management GIS databases. At the regional scale, stand-replacing natural disturbances affected 3.1% of the forested area. The extent of natural disturbances was not strongly affected by the scale of analysis. In contrast, spatial pattern and scale were essential for discerning the full impact of logging. At the regional scale, logging affected 5.4% of the forested area. Within watersheds, however, logging occurred primarily in valley bottoms (81% ± 4%) with 59% ± 10% of valley bottom areas logged, 10 times the area of natural disturbances. Watershed size strongly affected riparian zones, with active floodplains comprising 53% ± 5% of valley bottom area in large (>20 000 ha) watersheds. In physiographically diverse landscapes, geomorphic features (such as watersheds, valley bottoms, and fluvial landforms) are crucial for determining disturbance processes and effects of logging at ecologically relevant scales.
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Samani, Aliakbar Nazari, Fatemeh Tavakoli Rad, Maryam Azarakhshi, Mohammad Reza Rahdari, and Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. "Assessment of the Sustainability of the Territories Affected by Gully Head Advancements through Aerial Photography and Modeling Estimations: A Case Study on Samal Watershed, Iran." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 16, 2018): 2909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082909.
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Gully erosion is considered one of the major issues of land sustainability because it can remove considerable volumes of sediment and productive soils. Once started, gullies can continue to move by headcut retreat, or slumping of the side walls. Studies of gully development require constant monitoring activities which are not possible in not-well-explored areas, such as the arduous region of Iran, due to costs and a lack of geoinformation. Thus, the present research attempts to assess gully evolution using only two digital aerial photographs of different periods (1968 and 1994) and field assessment (2009) to estimate the gully head advancement based on frames geometry and rigorous procedure in southwestern Iran. Also, the gully head advancement was estimated and compared among them by different empirical equations. The results indicated that the mean of gully head advancement was 1.4 m year−1 and 1.2 m year−1 during 1968–1994 and 1994–2009, respectively, and the annual average of sediment mobilization was 26.8 m3 ha−1 in 2009. The model assessment indexes indicated that SCS (Soil Conservation Service) II was the best model for gully head advancement estimations in this study area. The main reasons for this can be associated with the Rp factor (previous gully head advancement) and the local environmental conditions. We conclude that the sustainability of the territory has been greatly affected due to this advancement. We also hypothesize that gully head changes could be related to the susceptibility of geological formations, climate, soil properties, and the coincidence of other gullies’ formation with common drainage networks in the study area. Based on the obtained results, land managers can use the results to distinguish the gullies in this region with a higher environmental risk, and to decide an effective implementation of soil conservation measures in order to include them in the land management plans.
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Buzmakov, S. A., P. Yu Sannikov, D. E. Sivkov, E. A. Dziuba, Y. V. Khotyanovskaya, and D. O. Egorova. "Development of geoinformation systems for environmental management and environmental safety in the areas of exploited oil deposits." Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature 7, no. 1 (2021): 102–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2021-1-102-127.
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The state of environmental protection of natural environment from negative processes has become an integral part of sustainable mining. The analytical review shows the ways of geoinformation system’s preparing a to ensure environmental safety during oil mining process on protected areas. Obtainment information for geoinformation database is based on technologies of aerial remote sensing, experimental modeling of biotic reactions to the impact of technogenic factors by biotesting methods. The geoinformation system should perform observations, assessments, search and regulatory forecasts, based on digital technologies, and develop individual measures for the preservation and restoration of the natural environment. Environmental stresses are usually caused by halogenesis, bitumization, air pollution and mechanogenesis. The use of geoinformation systems to collect information about the state of the natural environment is an essential feature of sustainable mining. Multispectral and panchromatic aerial photography by unmanned aerial vehicle has been successfully used to assess pollution, land degradation, and the effectiveness of land restoration. It is important to develop an unmanned aerial sensing technique for areas, where oil fields and protected are located. Biotesting of the consequences of technogenic transformation of ecosystem components is significantly related to the choice of optimal test objects for conducting experiments. Soil contamination with oil and its processed products affects the condition of all components: plants, microorganisms. It is advisable to develop a methodology for determining the patterns and levels of impact of residual oil and technogenic brines on local natural objects, local soil and water ecosystems based on the results of biotesting. Development of regulations for standard measures for remediation of ecosystems at different levels of pollution, during bitumization, halogenesis of land and water objects. The review shows that there are technological possibilities for creating GIS for monitoring the quality of the natural environment and environmental safety in the areas of oil fields. Digital maps of soils, watersheds, natural and technical systems, the development of technogenic processes and measures to restore the natural environment, allow to provide spatial modeling of natural and technogenic processes. Environmental quality management during oil mining process remains an important goal of geoecological researches.
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Mohawesh, Y., A. Taimeh, and F. Ziadat. "Effects of land use changes and conservation measures on land degradation under a Mediterranean climate." Solid Earth Discussions 7, no. 1 (January 13, 2015): 115–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-115-2015.
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Abstract. Land degradation resulting from improper land use and management is a major cause of declined productivity in the arid environment. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of a sequence of land use changes, soil conservation measures, and the time since their implementation on the degradation of selected soil properties. The climate for the selected 105 km2 watershed varies from semi-arid sub-tropical to Mediterranean sub-humid. Land use changes were detected using aerial photographs acquired in 1953, 1978, and 2008. A total of 218 samples were collected from 40 sites in three different rainfall zones to represent different land use changes and different lengths of time since the construction of stone walls. Analyses of variance were used to test the differences between the sequences of land use changes (interchangeable sequences of forest, orchards, field crops, and range), the time since the implementation of soil conservation measures, and rainfall on the thickness of the A-horizon, soil organic carbon content, and texture. Soil organic carbon reacts actively with different combinations and sequences of land use changes. The time since stone walls were constructed showed significant impacts on soil organic carbon and the thickness of the surface horizon. The effects of changing the land use and whether the changes were associated with the construction of stone walls, varied according to the annual rainfall. The results help in understanding the effects of land use changes on land degradation processes and carbon sequestration potential and in formulating sound soil conservation plans.
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Mohawesh, Y., A. Taimeh, and F. Ziadat. "Effects of land use changes and soil conservation intervention on soil properties as indicators for land degradation under a Mediterranean climate." Solid Earth 6, no. 3 (July 23, 2015): 857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-6-857-2015.
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Abstract. Land degradation resulting from improper land use and management is a major cause of declined productivity in the arid environment. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of a sequence of land use changes, soil conservation measures, and the time since their implementation on the degradation of selected soil properties. The climate for the selected 105 km2 watershed varies from semi-arid sub-tropical to Mediterranean sub-humid. Land use changes were detected using aerial photographs acquired in 1953, 1978, and 2008. A total of 218 samples were collected from 40 sites in three different rainfall zones to represent different land use changes and variable lengths of time since the construction of stone walls. Analyses of variance were used to test the differences between the sequences of land use changes (interchangeable sequences of forest, orchards, field crops, and range), the time since the implementation of soil conservation measures, rainfall on the thickness of the A-horizon, soil organic carbon content, and texture. Soil organic carbon reacts actively with different combinations and sequences of land use changes. The time since stone walls were constructed showed significant impacts on soil organic carbon and the thickness of the surface horizon. The effects of changing the land use and whether the changes were associated with the construction of stone walls varied according to the annual rainfall. The changes in soil properties could be used as indicators of land degradation and to assess the impact of soil conservation programs. The results help in understanding the effects of land use changes on land degradation processes and carbon sequestration potential and in formulating sound soil conservation plans.
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Protsyk, Mykhailo, Borys Chetverikov, and Andrii Ivanevych. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 93,2021, no. 93 (June 23, 2021): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.93.072.
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Aim of the work. To develop a method of automated allocation of catchment basins and obtaining their hydrological and morphometric characteristics, which is based on digital terrain models. Methods and results of work. A necessary condition for the correct filling of the terrain is the presence of points of true flow at the edge of the settlement area (if the river flows into the lake, it should not enter the calculated area completely, otherwise incorrect results will be obtained). By performing the operation of filling the relief of the terrain, a new dem is created, which does not contain fictitious depressions and is used in the next step as input data to calculate the flow direction according to the algorithm d8. According to the proposed technological scheme it is necessary to process step by step the following six blocks: filling of closed depressions, calculation of runoff direction, calculation of total runoff, creation of point vector data set of closing points (mouth points), creation of watershed boundaries, raster-vector data conversion. Theoretical research tested the method of automated allocation of watersheds, namely the determination of hydrological and morphometric parameters of the terrain. The pools were ranked according to these parameters according to the existing classifications, a series of relevant thematic electronic maps was compiled. It should be noted that in Skole district of lviv region there are 590 catchment areas, and their area is 1407 km2. Watersheds are classified by outcrop, namely low-mountain basins in the region of 6, their area is 7 km2, medium-mountain 360, area 755 km2, high-mountain 224, area 645 km2. Pools are classified according to the average slope: the first category from 0-3 degrees, very gentle slopes - pools 27, area 7 km2; the second category from 9-12 degrees, sloping slopes-pools of 128, the area 303 km2; the third category from 12-15> degrees, steep slopes - pools of 225, the area 648 km2. The accuracy between the reference and the original relief model was evaluated. We can say that sle = 0.63 (m) slope, sle = 5.43 (m) height. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The technological scheme of automated separation of catchment basins according to digital relief models for Skoliv district of lviv region is proposed and the method of separation of catchment basins is worked out. According to the developed method, maps of watercourses of different orders and their catchment basins and classification of basins by area on the territory of Skole administrative district, which can be used by local organizations on water resources, are constructed.
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Khavar, Yulia, Yurii Hubar, Vira Sai, Oleksandra Hulko, and Liliya Vynarchyk. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 96,2022, no. 96 (December 2022): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.96.032.
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The aims of our paper are to study the territory organization of the forest fund lands of the Skhidnytsya village council (Lviv region), performing their forest management with the development of a system of activities aimed at ensuring scientifically based multifunctional forestry management, protection and rational sustainable use. The possibility of performing cadastral works for the territorial organization of forestry lands using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is important for science and practice. The paper considers the main direction of sustainable development of forest areas with a recreational function, aimed at strengthening ecological, social and economic functions and protection of these forests, their rational use. Based on the division of forests into categories, their functional significance, the regime of forestry and forest use for the next revision period, the following economic units were formed: health and recreational forests with a special regime of use in the mountains. The distribution of the total area of health and recreational forests by functional zones, types of landscape, classes of aesthetic assessment, pedestrian accessibility, recreational assessment, resistance to recreational loads, stages of recreational digression, additional assessment is presented. The results obtained prove the practical significance of the use of UAVs for performing work on the organization of the territory (certain category of land), and the resulting cartographic materials fully comply with the instructive accuracy. The developed provisions of this study correspond to the basic principles of sustainable forest management, provide for a combination of economic, environmental and social aspects of forestry activities.
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Galayda, Andrii, Borys Chetverikov, and Ihor Kolb. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.065.
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The aim of the work is to propose a method of creating a geographic information online resource for the management of Lisovohrynivetska UTC. To implement the tasks, a technological scheme was proposed, which consisted of 9 stages of work. The first stage involved the collection and analysis of disparate data in both vector and raster formats on the territory of the Lisovohrenivetska united territorial community. In the second stage, with the help of Global Mapper software, all vector data files in *.dxf and *.dmf formats, which were previously available, were converted to *.shp format for further processing in ArcGIS software. As a result of the conversion, graphic and attributive data were obtained in the required format and according to the layers they contain, the geodatabase with symbols according to the classifier was edited to create 1: 2000 scale plans. The next step was to unify the database of convertible files, as vector data was created with different construction of attribute tables. In addition, there is a need to enter vector data into the edited geospatial database. To do this, a ArcPy script was written that rearranges attribute tables and enters data into a geodatabase. Adjusted and populated the attribute database of vector objects for those columns where there was no information. The penultimate step was to develop the structure of the geoportal on the basis of ArcGIS-online to download the geodatabase to Lisovohrynivetska UTC on the server, to enable their external use with a unique login and password. The last step, after creating the structure of the geoportal, was to upload vector and raster geodata prepared by ArcGIS to the geoportal. As a result of the realization of the set purpose the technique of creating the geoinformation online resource for the management of the united territorial community is offered and described. During the implementation of the method the data of 24 disparate vector layers for the Lisogrynivtska community of Khmelnytsky region were processed and converted. Raster cartographic materials for UTC were collected and processed. The geodatabase according to the classifier for scale 1: 2000 is created. The structure of the geoportal based on the ArcGIS-online kernel with a connected map-base based on the online resource GoogleMaps, where all processed materials are downloaded, has been developed. The scientific novelty is to develop the concept of accumulation of heterogeneous vector and raster geospatial data in one geodatabase, by converting them into a specific format. Additional modules have been written in ArcPy to unify the database structure. Implemented geoinformation system is located on the geoportal and is designed for management decisions of community leaders. In addition, the created GIS can be used for land management and surveying work on community sites.
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Tutur, Edo Kharisma Army, and Arif Rohman. "Morphometry Analysis of Sedayu Mountainous Catchment Areas from Detailed Aerial Photos." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1047, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1047/1/012014.
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Abstract Morphometric analysis is a powerful tool to understand the hydrological process quantitatively and the main requirement to determine the hydrological characteristics of a watershed. Morphometric analysis to determine the drainage characteristics of the Sedayu River Sub-watershed, Semaka District, Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province was carried out using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data. The primary data used is aerial photography using drones, the location of aerial photos representing watersheds of concern. The catchment area morphometrics were obtained from the extraction of the morphometric characteristics of the combined DEM data from the mountain watershed and the analysis of topographic maps by using ArcGIS software. Based on reports over a period of time, at several points in the area there are frequent river floods that overflow during heavy rains. Morphometric analysis in flood-prone areas with high rainfall is needed. The morphology of the Sedayu area has contrasting variations consisting of several gentle alluvial plains, some of which are Bukit Barisan hills with varying slope variations. The Sedayu watershed in this study is divided into 3 sub-watersheds, namely: sub-watershed A, sub-watershed B, and sub-watershed C. However, only sub-watershed A is the focus of morphometric analysis because its longest river, record flood disasters, landslide records, and has upstream to residential. Morphometric analysis was carried out on parameters such as watershed area (A), watershed length (Lb), main river length (Ln ), watershed width (W), drainage density (Dd ), bifurcation ratio (Rb ), and circularity ratio (Rc ). The results of morphometric calculations are the length of the watershed 4.82 km, the length of the main river is Sub-watershed A 8.996 km, the width of the watershed 0.686 km, and watershed area 4.861 km2 Based on these results can be calculated drainage density (Dd ) 2.719 km/km2 which means Sub-watershed A of a rough type with the inundated surface, permeable sub-soil, and resistant to erosion. Bifurcation ratio (Rb ) is 3.333 which means sub-watershed A has a rapid rise and fall in floodwater. Then, the circularity Ratio (Rc ) 0.32 which means Sub-watershed A is elongated so that the peak discharge and decrease flow quickly and causes a link with the hydrological response of rainfall-runoff. The results of this morphometric characteristic analysis are the right reference for planning strategies for soil erosion control and soil conservation.
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Aber, James S., John Zupancic, and Susan W. Aber. "Applications of kite aerial photography: Golf course management." Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 106, no. 3 & 4 (October 2003): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1660/0022-8443(2003)106[0211:aokapg]2.0.co;2.
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Lazorenko, Nadiia. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.113.
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The purpose of this work is to study the integration of sets of core reference and thematic geospatial data based on the JOIN operation of relational algebra and its interaction with geocoding of geospatial features, which is implemented in modern geographic information systems (GIS) and database management systems (hereinafter – DBMS) for the development of the national spatial data infrastructure (hereinafter – NSDI). Method. The research is based on the analysis of the possibilities of applying the theory of geospatial databases and knowledge bases, international and national harmonized standards in the field of Geographic Information/ Geomatics to solve the problem of integration of geospatial data using the operation JOIN relational algebra in object-relational database management systems (OR DBMS). Results. The paper examines the models of the Join operation of relational algebra, which underlie the geocoding of features and the creation of electronic gazetteers, and proves its effectiveness: the Join operation integrates of core reference and thematic geospatial datasets. There is a need to define the required geographic identifiers, which must be present among the attributes of the core reference and thematic geospatial datasets to perform the join. The variety of uses of the Join operation covers all possible cases that arise in their practical application. Thus, the use of the Join operation involves identifying these required geographic identifiers at the geospatial database design stage. In particular, it is expedient to determine mandatory geographical identifiers (codes) of features according to the official national systems of features classification (codification) in the relevant sectoral thematic registers, which are responsible for certain holders of thematic data in accordance with Annex 2 of the Decree of Cabinet of Ministers “The order for the functioning of the national spatial data infrastructure” of May 26, 2021, № 532. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The integration of core reference data and thematic geospatial datasets based on JOIN operation models of relational algebra and their interaction with geocoding of geospatial features is researched, which is implemented in modern GIS and DBMS for the development of national spatial data infrastructure. The research was performed on a set of core reference spatial data, namely: information on administrative-territorial units of the Cherkasy region, including their borders; the data from the statistical bulletin of the socio-economic situation of the Cherkasy region for January 2021 of the Main Department of Statistics in Cherkasy region of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine were selected as thematic data. It has been shown that relational algebra join (JOIN) operations can be used to integrate other thematic geospatial data with core reference data using geographic identifiers that contain these datasets.
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Holovachov, Vitalii, and Volodymyr Shypulin. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 96,2022, no. 96 (December 2022): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.96.044.
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It has been proven that the transformational processes taking place in Ukraine are related to the deepening of crisis phenomena in the economic sphere, the slowdown of the main indicators of regional development, the impact of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, and military operations. In such conditions, it is necessary to rethink approaches to ensure the efficiency of the functioning of regions by improving the system of land resources management, as the main factors of their development. At the same time, the modern European experience of land administration and information provision of the formation and use of real estate based on the application of the multi-purpose cadastre is considered. The aim of this work – to develop scientifically based recommendations for the formation of a multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were completed: determination of the multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level; identification of factors affecting the formation of a multi-purpose cadastre; presentation of the results of mathematical modelling of the factors of formation of the multi-purpose cadastre; the formation of geo-information support of a multi-purpose cadastre. Method. To obtain research results, special methods are used: structural and content analysis - to form a conceptual apparatus for defining a multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level; analytical and methods of expert analysis - to determine the spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental factors of the information support of the multi-purpose cadastre; analysis of hierarchies - to determine the weighting factors characterizing the mutual influence of indicators of information provision of the multi-purpose cadastre; mathematical modelling - for the development of models that determine the impact of spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental factors on the integral indicator of information provision of the multi-purpose cadastre; correlation-regression analysis - to establish the influence of the integral indicator of information provision of the multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level on the gross regional product; of geo-information analysis - for the development of geo-information support of the multi-purpose cadastre. Scientific novelty and practical significance. An integral indicator for assessing the level of information provision of the multi-purpose cadastre is proposed, which is determined based on spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental factors, which allows forming the information basis for the development of scientifically based recommendations for the creation and implementation of the multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level. The concept of "multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level" was defined, which considers the totality of spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental support, which allowed to build a multi-level information system for the formation of a quantitative basis of real estate management at the regional level. The method of integral assessment of the level of information support of the multi-purpose cadastre at the regional level is characterized, which is based on a multi-level system of factors, methods of assessment of analytical and qualitative indicators, analysis of hierarchies, local, generalizing and integral models, which made it possible to carry out mathematical modelling of these factors, to form geo-information support for adoption reasoned decisions in the field of real estate management. The results of mathematical modelling of the processes of development of information support of a multi-purpose cadastre based on the establishment of relationships between system factors and an integral indicator by applying the method of correlation-regression analysis are presented, which makes it possible to build predictive models and establish trends in the formation and use of real estate at the regional level, taking into account the spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental support. Scientifically based recommendations for the development and implementation of a multi-purpose cadastre were proposed based on the results of their level assessment and modelling, which made it possible to single out directions for increasing the level of information provision and application of the multi-purpose cadastre for increasing the efficiency of real estate use at the regional level [Ноlovachov et al., 2022; Ноlovachov, 2022].
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B. Andeli, Vrushali, and Shubhangi D. Mashalkar. "PHOTOGRAPHY WITH NANODRONE." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 8 (December 1, 2021): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2021.v06i08.030.
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Developments and modifications play a vital role in the technological advancements. Since last few years the aerial vehicles or drones have been a trending topic considering photography. Because of its wide range of applications and the day to day advancements in their feature drones have gained more popularity. In this paper, you will see how to build a Photography with nano drone, which can able to capture photo, video, flip image this application helps to make the rescuing process easy and safe, drones are implemented to extinguish the fire, disaster management, Agriculture, Aerial hotography, Movie production, measuring the scale of natural disaster, getting a glimpse of the unknown lands etc.
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Maksymova, Yuliia, and Oleksii Boiko. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 93,2021, no. 93 (June 23, 2021): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.93.059.
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Purpose. The aim of the research is to develop fuzzy impact models of the natural and anthropogenic influence, which allows to integrate different physical factors, which makes it possible to bring them to a single environmental assessment system and comparison of different assessed areas. Methodology. The basis of the proposed modeling is a traditional approach on the development of such models, which includes conceptual, logical and physical modeling levels. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used for conceptual modeling level, which is recommended as the main modeling tool in the set of international standards in geographic information / geomatics and software that supports the interactive mode of UML diagrams creation Visio. The geospatial database and SQL-functions are implemented and the extension of the standard SQL-99 language with a new data type geometry and built-in functions which provides storage, processing and analysis of geospatial data in database management systems is used. The proposed models are realized in the environment of object-relational DBMS PostgreSQl / Postgis and geographic information system QGIS. Results. A review of the experience of using fuzzy logic to assess the state of the environment is done. Technological models for computation of indicators of administrative unit provision by social infrastructure objects, influence of greenery, industrial territories and transport on the environment are offered and realized. An example of approbation of the proposed approach based on OpenStreetMaps open data for the Popasnianskyi distinct of Luhansk region territory is given. Scientific novelty. Theoretical generalizations are made and practical results are received of resolving applied problem of the development of the fuzzy impact assessment model of various factors influence on the environment with use of GIS. Such assessment can be used at the stage of community spatial development strategies preparation to determine the most acceptable development version, as well as to unify the means of strategies implementation monitoring, organically linking local, national and global tasks. Practical significance. The application of the proposed approach of GRID modeling and fuzzy impact assessment use in assessing the quality of the environment allows to integrate different indicators, compare them, by bringing them into a single evaluation system.
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Chen, Xiliang, Gang Li, Lan Yang, Qifan Nie, Xinyue Ye, Yanjun Liang, and Tingting Xu. "Profiling unmanned aerial vehicle photography tourists." Current Issues in Tourism 23, no. 14 (August 13, 2019): 1705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1653832.
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Lepetiuk, V. B. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 92,2020, no. 92 (December 24, 2020): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2020.92.055.
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Analyzing GIS technologies` products for strengthening the tourist attractiveness of the destination and research of possibilities of GIS-technologies at the formation of a tourist product is the purpose of this work. The relevance of this study lies in the need to apply innovative approaches to GIS technologies` usages in the development of national tourism products. The research methodology is based on the application of the statistical method of data processing, the cartographic method of research with the use of GIS, and the method of spatial analysis. General scientific, systematic and informational approaches are also used. The results of the study are an analysis of existing products of GIS technologies and the state of their implementation in tourism, the study of interactive maps and geoportals as tools for the successful solution of problems in the modern tourism sector. It has been found that geoportals significantly help to form a national infrastructure of geospatial data. In the publication I consider two levels of GIS implementation: national and regional. I gave vivid examples of newly created national geoportals and tourist geoportals of the regions of Ukraine, interactive maps of amateur tourists. I considered in more detail the development of GIS technologies` products of such a tourist destination as the Chernihiv region. In particular, as an example, an overview of one of the most functional in Ukraine geoportals - The Geoportal of the urban cadastre of the Chernihiv region is given. A thematic tour of the Chernihiv region was projected with the help of GIS. The scientific novelty of this study is identifying the features of the use of cartographic research methods, especially GIS technologies to study the tourist resources of the territory, the creation of new regional tourism products. I propose to use the method of spatial analysis in the creation of the thematic tour. The practical significance lies in the use of GIS technology products to create cartographic products, such as maps, series of maps, atlases, 3D models, virtual tours. Its help to study in detail the tourist objects of the region contribute to management decisions, and further development and promotion of tourism. The database created during the study can be used to form other types of tourism products. The proposed method of using spatial analysis in the creating of the tour can be useful for expanding the GIS technologies` field of usage.
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Moore, E. "Water Management in Early Cambodia: Evidence from Aerial Photography." Geographical Journal 155, no. 2 (July 1989): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/635062.
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Morgan, Jessica L., Sarah E. Gergel, and Nicholas C. Coops. "Aerial Photography: A Rapidly Evolving Tool for Ecological Management." BioScience 60, no. 1 (January 2010): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2010.60.1.9.
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Cuny, Frederick C. "Introduction to Disaster Management: Lesson 5—Technologies of Disaster Management." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 8, no. 4 (December 1993): 372–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00040693.
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Disaster managers should be familiar with certain technologies or sets of information used in disaster management. Among the more important are mapping, interpretation of aerial photography, communications, information management, logistics and computer applications, epidemiology, and preventive medicine.
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Lundahl, Arthur C., and Dino A. Brugioni. "Aerial photography: World class disaster fighter." Information Society 3, no. 4 (January 1985): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01972243.1985.9960010.
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Gillis, Mark D., and Donald G. Leckie. "Forest inventory update in Canada." Forestry Chronicle 72, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc72138-2.
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Modern forest management presents ever increasing demands for accurate and up-to-date forest inventory information. The process of inventory update is critical. Inventory update in Canada is examined including update for harvest, burns, insect and disease, silviculture, roads and other changes. The magnitude and requirements of the update task are documented. The procedures used are described and summarized by province in table form. Usage, advantages and disadvantages of current methods (e.g. conventional 9 × 9 aerial photography, supplemental aerial photography, satellite imagery, and aerial reconnaissance) are examined, new methods discussed and trends highlighted. Also outlined are issues related to the incorporation of silviculture and insect and disease information into inventories and the structure and responsibilities for update. Key words: forest inventory, inventory update, harvest, burns, insect and disease, blowdown, silviculture, aerial photography, satellite imagery, Global Positioning System, aerial reconnaissance, video
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Hardin, Perry J., and Mark W. Jackson. "An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Rangeland Photography." Rangeland Ecology & Management 58, no. 4 (July 2005): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2005)058[0439:auavfr]2.0.co;2.
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Oswald, Brian P., John T. Fancher, David L. Kulhavy, and Hershel C. Reeves. "Classifying fuels with aerial photography in East Texas." International Journal of Wildland Fire 9, no. 2 (1999): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf00002.
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National Fire Danger Rating System fuel models were predicted from 1:80,000 scale aerial photographs with a greater than 90% accuracy using combinations of three variables: pine composition, pine basal area and total crown closure. These variables were measured from aerial photos and field checked using techniques common to forest and natural resource management. Graphical presentation from discriminate function analysis indicated good group separation. Misclassification of stands requiring field checking represented 3.3% of the total stand classification. The common use of both the fuel models and aerial photos make the procedures described in this study an easy method for classifying fuel models in the pine and pine-hardwood forests of East Texas.
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Piekielek, Nathan. "A semi-automated workflow for processing historic aerial photography." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-299-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Libraries, museums and archives were the original big geospatial information repositories that to this day house thousands to millions of resources containing research-quality geographic information. However, these print resources (and their digital surrogates), are not easily incorporated into the contemporary research process because they are not structured data that is required of web-mapping and geographic information system tools. Fortunately, contemporary big data tools and methods can help with the large-scale conversion of historic resources into structured datasets for mapping and spatial analysis.</p><p>Single frame historic aerial photographs captured originally on film (hereafter “photographs”), are some of the most ubiquitous and information-rich geographic information resources housed in libraries, museums and archives. Photographs authentically encoded information about past places and time-periods without the thematic focus and cartographic generalization of historic print maps. As such, they contain important information in nearly every category of base mapping (i.e. transportation networks, populated places etc.), that is useful to a broad spectrum of research projects and other applications. Photographs are also some of the most frustrating historic resources to use due to their very large map-scale (i.e. small geographic area), lack of reference information and often unknown metadata (i.e. index map, flight altitude, direction etc.).</p><p>The capture of aerial photographs in the contiguous United States (U.S.) became common in the 1920s and was formalized in government programs to systematically photograph the nation at regular time intervals beginning in the 1930s. Many of these photography programs continued until the 1990s meaning that there are approximately 70 years of “data” available for the U.S. that is currently underutilized due to inaccessibility and the challenges of converting photographs to structured data. Large collections of photographs include government (e.g. the U.S. Department of Agriculture Aerial Photography Field Office “The Vault” – over 10 million photographs), educational (e.g. the University of California Santa Barbara Library – approximately 2.5 million photographs), and an unknown number non-governmental organizations (e.g. numerous regional planning commissions and watershed conservation groups). Collectively these photography resources constitute an untapped big geospatial data resource.</p><p>U.S. government photography programs such as the National Agricultural Imagery Program continued and expanded in the digital age (i.e. post early 2000s), so that not only is there opportunity to extend spatial analyses back in time, but also to create seamless datasets that integrate with current and expected future government aerial photography campaigns. What is more, satellite imagery sensors have improved to the point that there is now overlap between satellite imagery and aerial photography in terms of many of their technical specifications (i.e. spatial resolution etc.). The remote capture of land surface imagery is expanding rapidly and with it are new opportunities to explore long-term land-change analyses that require historical datasets.</p><p>Manual methods to process photographs are well-known, but are too labour intensive to apply to entire photography collections. Academic research on methods to increase the discoverability of photographs and convert them to geospatial data at large-scale has to date been limited (although see the work of W. Karel et al.). This presentation details a semi-automated workflow to process historic aerial photographs from U.S. government sources and compares the workflow and results to existing methods and datasets. In a pilot test area of 94 photographs in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, the workflow was found to be nearly 100-times more efficient than commonly employed alternatives while achieving greater horizontal positional accuracy. Results compared favourably to contemporary digital aerial photography data products, suggesting that they are well-suited for integration with contemporary datasets. Finally, initial results of the workflow were incorporated into several existing online discovery and sharing platforms that will be highlighted in this presentation. Early online usage statistics as well as direct interaction with users demonstrates the broad interest and high-impact of photographs and their derived products (i.e. structured geospatial data).</p>
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Suthar, Mr Vikas Pradeep. "Watershed Management of Purandar Taluka by Remote Sensing and GIS: A Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39906.
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Abstract: Morphometric analysis by using RS and GIS has emerged as an effective technique for the investigation and management of the watershed. Morphometric analysis can solve various hydrological problems like flood, drought, soil erosion. In this analysis, linear, aerial, and relief aspects of the watershed are used. Toposheet of a survey of India (SOI), digital elevation model (DEM), software like ArcGIS, satellite data from IRS 1D LISS- 3 sensor are the key resources for measurement of various morphometric parameters. Keywords: Morphometric Analysis, GIS, Remote Sensing, RS, ArcGIS, Morphometry, Watershed Management, Purandar Taluka.
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Grip, Wayne M., Randall W. Grip, and Robert D. Morrison. "Application of Aerial Photography and Photogrammetry in Environmental Forensic Investigations." Environmental Forensics 1, no. 3 (January 2000): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/enfo.2000.0014.
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Bokaei, M., M. Samadi, A. Hadavand, A. P. Moslem, M. Soufi, A. Bameri, and A. Sarvarinezhad. "GULLY EXTRACTION AND MAPPING IN KAJOO-GARGAROO WATERSHED – COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DEM-BASED AND IMAGE-BASED MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-4/W1-2022 (January 13, 2023): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w1-2022-101-2023.
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Abstract. Monitoring and mapping eroded lands by gully erosion is an essential step to control gully networks. Advances in remote sensing and aerial photography have enabled users to capture data with variant temporal and spatial resolution that is needed in different fields. In addition, introducing different types of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) enabled to carry imaging payload. The orthophoto and digital elevation model (DTM) produced from aerial images taken by Aeria-X camera mounted on Sensefly eBee-X drone was employed to identify and map eroded areas by gully in Kajoo-Gargaroo watershed in Chabahar, south-eastern part of Iran. Digitizing gully boarders manually is a tiring and time-consuming process for the operators. Maximum likelihood algorithm as one of the machine learning algorithm was also used to classify orthophoto in order to extract gully borders in the study area. In this study a new algorithm based on analysing geometric features and clustering of the DTM was used to map gullies automatically. The results of the proposed method and machine learning algorithm were compared with the manually digitized gully map. Quantitative evaluation demonstrates that our proposed method reaches better overall accuracy compared to machine learning algorithm with the increase of 7.2 percent in overall accuracy.
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Naylor, Bridgett J., Bryan A. Endress, and Catherine G. Parks. "Multiscale Detection of Sulfur Cinquefoil Using Aerial Photography." Rangeland Ecology & Management 58, no. 5 (September 2005): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58[447:mdoscu]2.0.co;2.
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Bakrač, Saša, Viktor Marković, Siniša Drobnjak, Dejan Đorđević, and Nikola Stamenković. "USING HISTORICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENT CHANGES: A CASE STUDY OF BOVAN LAKE, EASTERN SERBIA." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 29, no. 3 (October 13, 2021): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2021.15567.
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Useful and important information for the spatial, ecological, and many other changes in the living environment may be obtained using the analysis of historical aerial photography, with comparison to contemporary imagery. This method provides the ability to determine the state of elements of the space over a long period, encompassing the time when it was not possible to acquire the data from satellite imagery or some other contemporary sources. Aerial images are suitable for mapping spatial phenomena with relatively limited spatial distribution because they possess a high level of details and low spatial coverage. With a comparative analysis of aerial imagery from the past, contemporary aerial imagery, and other sources of aerial imagery, we can obtain information about the nature and trends of the observed phenomena as well as directions of future actions, considering changes detected in the environment, whether they are preventive or corrective in nature. This paper gives the methodological framework for the appliance of the existing knowledge from various fields, intending to use historical aerial photography for monitoring of environmental changes of the Bovan Lake in Eastern Serbia.
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González-Orozco, Carlos E., Mark Mulligan, Valérie Trichon, and Andrew Jarvis. "Taxonomic identification of Amazonian tree crowns from aerial photography." Applied Vegetation Science 13, no. 4 (September 1, 2010): 510–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109x.2010.01090.x.
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Tyusov, G. A., and K. V. Ivanova. "Diagnostics and mapping of southern tundra habitats (on the example of Shapkina River key site)." Geobotanical mapping, no. 2021 (2021): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/geobotmap/2021.54.
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A classification of habitats is given for the area studied on the right bank of the Shapkina River, (East European tundra, southern subzone). The classification is based on the topographic position of biotopes and their plant communities. The mosaic of tundra vegetation makes it difficult for mapping. Usually in nature the combinations of plant communities are confined to specific types of habitats. To display the regularities of a fine-contour vegetation cover on maps, we used the habitat approach diagnosed by combinations of plant communities. The field survey was done in the summer of 2020; total area of about 150 km2 was surveyed. Ultra-high resolution (3–5 cm/px) aerial photography was carried out for key areas, using a DJI Mavic Pro Platinum quadrocopter (shooting height from 80 to 200 m). 25 geobotanical relevés were completed; in addition 180 short descriptions were made for map verification. All types of habitats in the proposed scheme are correlated with EUNIS units, lists of syntaxa are given. A large-scale map (1 : 50 000) of habitats was prepared. All tundra habitats are divided into two groups. First level of habitat classification confined to the main landscape types: watersheds and river valleys of watercourses with a floodplain regime. Watershed habitats are subdivided into 5 categories (second level of habitat classification), determined by their runoff-geochemical position on the generalized geomorphological profile (from the highest relief elements to the lowest ones), including underlying rocks, moisture regime and migration of elements, exposure features. Due to the small amount of data mapping of river valley habitats was performed only for units of the second level. At the third level watershed habitats are well diagnosed by vegetation at the level of associations, combinations of commuities, soil cover, and microrelief. As a result, most units of the second and third levels are clearly distinguished on aerial photography obtained using a quadrocopter, and also correlate with specific syntaxa. As a result of field data and aerial photographs analyses, 12 categories of habitats, represented by 17 syntaxa, were identified for watersheds at the 3rd level.
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Zhong, L., J. Yu, X. Tang, and S. Pan. "SPACE-AIR-GROUND CO-OBSERVATION IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (May 2, 2018): 2465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-2465-2018.
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To realize real-time, detailed, and standardized watershed monitoring and management, a dynamic monitoring system is proposed, at all levels (space, air, and ground), by comprehensively utilizing advanced satellite and low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies The system can be used to monitor and manage all kinds of sensitive water targets. This study takes water administration enforcement as an example for proving it feasibility by selecting typical study areas. This study shows that the proposed system is a promising information acquisition means, contributing to the development of watershed management.
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Petersen, Steven L., Tamzen K. Stringham, and Andrea S. Laliberte. "Classification of Willow Species Using Large-Scale Aerial Photography." Rangeland Ecology & Management 58, no. 6 (November 2005): 582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/04-129r1.1.
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Chymyrov, A. U., A. K. Bekturov, N. Y. Ismailov, and T. K. Urmambetova. "AGRICULTURAL CROP MONITORING BY USING SATELLITE IMAGERY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." Heralds of KSUCTA, №1, 2022, no. 1-2022 (March 14, 2022): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2022.1.43-52.
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The relevance of this article is adaptation and improvement of the modern approach to identifying and monitoring agricultural crops in Kyrgyzstan. The purpose of this work is to apply geographic information systems and remotely sensed data by using modern methods of monitoring agricultural land based on vegetation indices for the effective management of the country's agriculture. The results of such work makes possible to significantly reduce the implementation of ground-based experimental work and quickly carry out mapping of agricultural land and other land areas.
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Barrell, Jeffrey, and Jon Grant. "High-resolution, low-altitude aerial photography in physical geography." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 39, no. 4 (May 5, 2015): 440–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133315578943.
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Intertidal landscapes are highly complex and dynamic habitats that exhibit variability over a range of spatial and temporal scales. The spatial arrangement of structure-forming biogenic features such as seagrasses and bivalves influences ecosystem function and the provision of important ecosystem services, though quantification and monitoring of intertidal landscape structure has been hindered by challenges collecting spatial data in the coastal zone. In this study, an intertidal landscape mosaic of eelgrass ( Zostera marina) and blue mussels ( Mytilus edulis) was observed using low-altitude aerial photography from a balloon-mounted digital camera platform. Imagery representing seagrass-bivalve landscape structure was classified and analysed using multiple metrics of landscape composition and configuration at the patch scale and the landscape scale. Patch-scale imagery was compared to a previously collected dataset in order to track temporal changes in seagrass patch metrics over a 26-month period. Seagrass and bivalve patches exhibited distinct spatial patterning at different spatial scales. At the patch scale, the change in seagrass metrics was consistent with patch border expansion at the expense of patch density and integrity. These methods demonstrate a novel approach for collecting high-resolution spatial data that could also be valuable to physical geographers dealing with similar fine-scale landscapes. The application of spatial metrics at multiple spatial scales quantified elements of the configuration and composition of a seagrass-bivalve habitat mosaic and allowed for the tracking of patch metrics through time to depict landscape change. Continued development of landscape metrics within intertidal habitats will increase understanding of the ecological function of these areas with benefits to management and monitoring of ecosystem health.
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Denner, Michele, and Jacobus H. Raubenheimer. "Assessing a potential solution for spatially referencing of historical aerial photography in South Africa." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-26-2018.
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Historical aerial photography has become a valuable commodity in any country, as it provides a precise record of historical land management over time. In a developing country, such as South Africa, that has undergone enormous political and social change over the last years, such photography is invaluable as it provides a clear indication of past injustices and serves as an aid to addressing post-apartheid issues such as land reform and land redistribution. National mapping organisations throughout the world have vast repositories of such historical aerial photography. In order to effectively use these datasets in today’s digital environment requires that it be georeferenced to an accuracy that is suitable for the intended purpose. Using image-to-image georeferencing techniques, this research sought to determine the accuracies achievable for ortho-rectifying large volumes of historical aerial imagery, against the national standard for ortho-rectification in South Africa, using two different types of scanning equipment. The research conducted four tests using aerial photography from different time epochs over a period of sixty years, where the ortho-rectification matched each test to an already ortho-rectified mosaic of a developed area of mixed land use. The results of each test were assessed in terms of visual accuracy, spatial accuracy and conformance to the national standard for ortho-rectification in South Africa. The results showed a decrease in the overall accuracy of the image as the epoch range between the historical image and the reference image increased. Recommendations on the applications possible given the different epoch ranges and scanning equipment used are provided.
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Biswas, Himadri, Keqi Zhang, Michael S. Ross, and Daniel Gann. "Delineation of Tree Patches in a Mangrove-Marsh Transition Zone by Watershed Segmentation of Aerial Photographs." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132086.
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Mangrove migration, or transgression in response to global climatic changes or sea-level rise, is a slow process; to capture it, understanding both the present distribution of mangroves at individual patch (single- or clumped trees) scale, and their rates of change are essential. In this study, a new method was developed to delineate individual patches and to estimate mangrove cover from very high-resolution (0.08 m spatial resolution) true color (Red (R), Green (G), and Blue (B) spectral channels) aerial photography. The method utilizes marker-based watershed segmentation, where markers are detected using a vegetation index and Otsu’s automatic thresholding. Fourteen commonly used vegetation indices were tested, and shadows were removed from the segmented images to determine their effect on the accuracy of tree detection, cover estimation, and patch delineation. According to point-based accuracy analysis, we obtained adjusted overall accuracies >90% in tree detection using seven vegetation indices. Likewise, using an object-based approach, the highest overlap accuracy between predicted and reference data was 95%. The vegetation index Excess Green (ExG) without shadow removal produced the most accurate mangrove maps by separating tree patches from shadows and background marsh vegetation and detecting more individual trees. The method provides high precision delineation of mangrove trees and patches, and the opportunity to analyze mangrove migration patterns at the scale of isolated individuals and patches.
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Ali, Shaaban, Osama Hassan, Anand Gopalakrishnan, Aboobacker Muriyan, and Sobers Francis. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Literature Review." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.7.11.
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In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have grown and increased in applications because of computational simplicity and adaptive control capacity with strong support from both civilian and military sectors. The applications of UAVs in various military, commercial and civilian areas have led to sustainable results. The application areas include but are not limited to oil & gas, cargo transport, geographic mapping, aerial photography, health care, and disaster management. The success of the UAV application missions is completely dependent on the accuracy in control provided by the flight controllers. Thus, there is a need for accurate, robust, and adaptive flight controllers. UAV dynamics modeling and identification and control of these vehicles are still major active areas of research and development. They pose severe challenges due to the vehicle's complex design, inherently nonlinear, and time-varying dynamics. The main goal of this paper is to identify the past research trends and recent improvements in UAVs. Furthermore, this paper discusses a comprehensive literature review according to the optimized objectives, solution techniques, and applications of UAVs such as Cargo Transport, Disaster Management, etc. According to the literature review, aerial photography is one of the applications of smart UAVs. The reliability of image matching across multiple camera perspectives, angles, and positions encourages computer vision approaches for UAV navigation, opening the way for future researchers to develop vision applications. This article presents a comprehensive literature review discussing the importance of UAV applications related to cost-effectiveness and versatility. Furthermore, a detailed survey of system modeling identification and control techniques is presented.
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Porwal, Mahesh C., and Parth S. Roy. "Attempted Understorey Characterization Using Aerial Photography in Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh, India." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 1 (1991): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900021299.
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Remote sensing is being widely used in the fields of resource management, planning, and wildlife habitat evaluation. Canopy cover-type mapping has been done in most of the bioclimatic zones of India and widely abroad, using aerial photointerpretation techniques. In the present study an attempt has been made to develop a methodology for mapping understorey vegetation in part of Kanha National Park, using 1:10,000-scale black-and-white aerial photographs.The Park, one of the best for Tiger (Felis tigris) visibility and observation of other large carnivores and herbivores, has been mapped, with subdivision into 11 vegetation cover-classes and four density-classes, using aerial photographs, and each class has been visited in the field for understorey information concerning different physiographic units. Each category of canopy-cover was sampled in the field, and tree base-cover per hectare has been estimated.Vertical profiles have also been drawn in the main vegetation classes in order to understand the occurrence of understorey vegetation. It was found that a physiographic analysis coupled with canopy-cover type and density, with appropriate sampling in the individual vegetation strata, have together proved indicative of understorey vegetationtype. When the relationship between understorey vegetation and canopy-cover type is established, one can directly depict understorey limits spatially in conjunction with the main vegetation cover. Such an approach of mapping understorey vegetation using aerial photographs could be of immense value for wildlife habitat evaluation and park management.
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Trofimets, Elena, Valeria Kochina, Sergey Zhebo, Alexander Chashin, and Valery Trofimets. "Processing of aerial photographs in geoinformation systems for constructing models of possible flooding zones in a flood-prone period." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2373, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 062023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2373/6/062023.
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Abstract The natural and geological conditions of the Khabarovsk Territory determine the specificity of any region, characterized by the annual occurrence of spring mash phenomena, their gradual transition to the summer-autumn flood-hazardous period and the departure into winter with a high water level. Forecasting the scale of possible flooding of territories is the basis for early response of the forces and means of the Unified State System for the Prevention and Response of Emergency Situations (RSChS) The paper discusses the professional experience of specialists from the Crisis Management Center of the Main Directorate of the EMERCOM of Russia for the Khabarovsk Territory in preparing models of possible flooding of settlements applying the QGIS geographic information system during the flood-prone period of 2021 in the Khabarovsk Territory. The authors identify peculiarities of the unmanned aerial vehicles used to predict areas of possible flooding such as the need for early aerial photography of human settlements; dependence of the quality of orthophotomaps on the experience of specialists performing aerial photography; variability of coastline relief; dependence on weather conditions; short period, favorable for aerial photography; inaccessibility of settlements; location of settlements in the border area. The matching of models obtained with the help of QGIS with the actual situation developed during the 2021 flood crest was identified. Also, some peculiarities and disadvantages were defined despite the positive experience of forecasting by modeling flood zones (flooding).
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He, Yuanrong, Weiwei Ma, Zelong Ma, Wenjie Fu, Chihcheng Chen, Cheng-Fu Yang, and Zhen Liu. "Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing and a Monitoring Information System to Enhance the Management of Unauthorized Structures." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 18, 2019): 4954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224954.
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In this research, we investigated using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photographic technology to prevent the further expansion of unauthorized construction and thereby reduce postdisaster losses. First, UAV dynamic aerial photography was used to obtain dynamic digital surface model (DSM) data and elevation changes of 2–8 m as the initial sieve target. Then, two periods of dynamic orthophoto images were superimposed for human–computer interaction interpretation, so we could quickly distinguish buildings undergoing expansion, new construction, or demolition. At the same time, mobile geographic information system (GIS) software was used to survey the field, and the information gathered was developed to support unauthorized construction detection. Finally, aerial images, interpretation results, and ground survey information were integrated and released on WebGIS to build a regulatory platform that can achieve accurate management and effectively prevent violations.
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Pilicheva, M., L. Maslii, and T. Anopriienko. "TECHNOLOGY OF GEODESIC WORKS IN THE INVENTORY OF GREEN SPACES USING UNMANNED AIRCRAFT." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 170 (June 24, 2022): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2022-3-170-263-270.
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The article is devoted to the study of the technology of inventory of green areas with the use of the latest technologies: unmanned aircraft and satellite navigation systems. The topic of the article is relevant, because reliable and up-to-date information on the quantitative and qualitative state of green spaces of settlements is obtained during their inventory and arrangement. As a result of conducting an inventory for each green economy object, a passport of the green economy improvement object is drawn up. The following documents are attached to the passport: an inventory plan on a given scale and a working diary of accounting for greenery. One of the links in the inventory of green spaces of the settlement is sub-field survey, which is currently performed using unmanned aerial vehicles and satellite technologies and in turn consists of topographic and geodetic and aerial photography, and is divided into the following stages: information collection; preparatory work; chamber work. At the stage of collecting information on the object of work, the available urban, land management, geodetic and cartographic materials are analyzed. The second stage – preparatory work, consists of field surveying and aerial photography. Field geodetic works include reconnaissance of the area and the development of plan-height substantiation of the aerial survey area. Field aerial photography consists of creating a flight project, pre-flight training of a quadcopter and direct aerial photography. In-house works are the third final stage, which consists of: processing of aerial photographs; creation of a polygonal terrain model; creation of orthophoto in scale 1: 500; creation of a topographic plan in the Digitals software package; reconnaissance of the area to clarify the spatial and attributive data on greenery; creation of the adjusted topographic plan of inventory of green spaces. It is also recommended to make adjustments to the obtained topographic plan, during which the position of trees in places where a large error was detected and outlines were formed was measured by linear notches with reference to rigid contours. At the same time it is necessary to clarify the species of trees according to the symbols. The digital information obtained in this way about green plantations can be used to calculate the cost of work on the development of the passport of the facility and inventory plan for a given area or create and develop geographic information portals of green areas of individual territories or settlements.
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Talebi, Leila, Anika Kuczynski, Andrew J. Graettinger, and Robert Pitt. "Automated Classification of Urban Areas for Storm Water Management Using Aerial Photography and LiDAR." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 19, no. 5 (May 2014): 887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000815.
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van Niel, T. G., and T. R. McVicar. "Assessing positional accuracy and its effects on rice crop area measurement: an application at Coleambally Irrigation Area." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 4 (2001): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00140.
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If management decisions are based on geospatial data that have not been assessed for spatial accuracy, then debate about both the measurements and the decisions themselves can occur. This debate, in part, can be avoided by evaluating the spatial accuracy of geospatial data, leading to heightened confidence in both the data and the decisions made from the data. To increase the effectiveness of environmental compliance monitoring, the spatial accuracies of 2 Geographic Information System datasets were estimated at the Coleambally Irrigation Area, New South Wales. The first, high-resolution digital aerial photography acquired in January 2000, is the Geographic Information System baseline data for Coleambally Irrigation Area. The second, Digital Topographic Data Base roads data, although not a reference dataset at Coleambally Irrigation Area, is often used as a baseline dataset across Australia. Neither dataset met the National Mapping Council of Australia’s standard of map accuracy, so a new version of the digital aerial photography was created that did. The positional accuracy of the improved dataset was over 4 times more accurate than the Digital Topographic Data Base roads dataset and over 2.5 times more accurate than the original digital aerial photography. It was also found that the overall areal error of paddocks measured from the improved dataset decreased as more paddock areas were added together; a finding that has a direct impact on management decisions at Coleambally Irrigation Area. This study both provides a demonstration of how to assess and improve spatial accuracy and shows that this process is not unduly complicated.
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Lumban-Gaol, Y. A., A. Murtiyoso, and B. H. Nugroho. "INVESTIGATIONS ON THE BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT RESULTS FROM SFM-BASED SOFTWARE FOR MAPPING PURPOSES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2 (May 30, 2018): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-623-2018.
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Since its first inception, aerial photography has been used for topographic mapping. Large-scale aerial photography contributed to the creation of many of the topographic maps around the world. In Indonesia, a 2013 government directive on spatial management has re-stressed the need for topographic maps, with aerial photogrammetry providing the main method of acquisition. However, the large need to generate such maps is often limited by budgetary reasons. Today, SfM (Structure-from-Motion) offers quicker and less expensive solutions to this problem. However, considering the required precision for topographic missions, these solutions need to be assessed to see if they provide enough level of accuracy. In this paper, a popular SfM-based software Agisoft PhotoScan is used to perform bundle adjustment on a set of large-scale aerial images. The aim of the paper is to compare its bundle adjustment results with those generated by more classical photogrammetric software, namely Trimble Inpho and ERDAS IMAGINE. Furthermore, in order to provide more bundle adjustment statistics to be compared, the Damped Bundle Adjustment Toolbox (DBAT) was also used to reprocess the PhotoScan project. Results show that PhotoScan results are less stable than those generated by the two photogrammetric software programmes. This translates to lower accuracy, which may impact the final photogrammetric product.
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Babayeva, A., A. Huseynov, A. Allahverdiev, Z. Khalilov, N. Sadigova, and K. Abilova. "Application of Aerial Photo Geodetic Works in Agriculture." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/85/24.
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Reforming the economy of our country, and in particular agricultural production, led to the inevitable reorganization of the territory. To carry out work on the reorganization, land management authorities need fresh cartographic materials. The emerging land cadastral service needs to perform a large amount of work on the inventory of agricultural land with the determination of their condition and use. Similar problems are faced by services involved in the inventory of urban lands and objects, the creation of a cadaster of built-up areas. The wide use of aerial photography materials is of great importance in solving these problems.
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Spencer, Ray D. "LARGE-SCALE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS FOR FOREST SAMPLING IN CANADA." Canadian Surveyor 41, no. 1 (March 1987): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcs-1987-0001.
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Large-scale aerial photography is a tool that can provide relevant, timely and cost-effective information on forest quantities and conditions to improve planning and management. Accordingly, Canadians have pioneered two different photographic approaches: the first uses synchronized twin vertical cameras with a fixed airbase; the second approach uses a single camera with tilt recorder and a radar or laser altimeter. The paper discusses the development of these approaches for forest sampling in Canada.
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Quinlan, Kirsty, Dorian Moro, and Mark Lund. "Improving trapping success for rare species by targeting habitat types using remotely sensed data: a case study of the heath mouse (Pseudomys shortridgei) in Western Australia." Wildlife Research 31, no. 2 (2004): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03031.
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The rare heath mouse (Pseudomys shortridgei) is the only rodent lacking a conservation program in Western Australia. Little is known about the habitat requirements of P. shortridgei in Western Australia, and there is a lack of trapping focus that could target specific habitat components that this species may use. The purpose of this study was to (1) relate the occurrence of this species to measurable components of its habitat; (2) incorporate habitat information into a GIS modelling system to identify other areas of potentially suitable habitat; and (3) test for the presence of P. shortridgei in predicted areas. In Lake Magenta Nature Reserve, 93% of P. shortridgei captures (14�of 15 mice) were associated with characteristics of a mixed laterite heath community representing 57 plant species and a dense structural layer up to 1.2 m. Aerial photography and satellite imagery were used to identify the occurrence of mixed laterite heath elsewhere within the reserve. Ground-truthing using pre-defined habitat criteria found that the best predictive model to define habitat was aerial photography. Trapping was undertaken in two areas of the reserve predicted by the modelling and resulted in the successful capture of the target species. This study demonstrates that aerial photography maps can provide a basis for focusing future trapping effort within reserves where P. shortrigei is likely to occur. The use of this GIS method provides a low-cost and simple method for improving the chances of locating additional populations of P. shortridgei in other nature reserves.