Journal articles: 'Aerial photography in wildlife management'

1

Porwal, Mahesh C., and Parth S. Roy. "Attempted Understorey Characterization Using Aerial Photography in Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh, India." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 1 (1991): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900021299.

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Remote sensing is being widely used in the fields of resource management, planning, and wildlife habitat evaluation. Canopy cover-type mapping has been done in most of the bioclimatic zones of India and widely abroad, using aerial photointerpretation techniques. In the present study an attempt has been made to develop a methodology for mapping understorey vegetation in part of Kanha National Park, using 1:10,000-scale black-and-white aerial photographs.The Park, one of the best for Tiger (Felis tigris) visibility and observation of other large carnivores and herbivores, has been mapped, with subdivision into 11 vegetation cover-classes and four density-classes, using aerial photographs, and each class has been visited in the field for understorey information concerning different physiographic units. Each category of canopy-cover was sampled in the field, and tree base-cover per hectare has been estimated.Vertical profiles have also been drawn in the main vegetation classes in order to understand the occurrence of understorey vegetation. It was found that a physiographic analysis coupled with canopy-cover type and density, with appropriate sampling in the individual vegetation strata, have together proved indicative of understorey vegetationtype. When the relationship between understorey vegetation and canopy-cover type is established, one can directly depict understorey limits spatially in conjunction with the main vegetation cover. Such an approach of mapping understorey vegetation using aerial photographs could be of immense value for wildlife habitat evaluation and park management.

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Pitt, Douglas G., Robert G. Wagner, Ronald J. Hall, Douglas J. King, Donald G. Leckie, and Ulf Runesson. "Use of remote sensing for forest vegetation management: A problem analysis." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 4 (August 1, 1997): 459–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73459-4.

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Forest managers require accurate and timely data that describe vegetation conditions on cutover areas to assess vegetation development and prescribe actions necessary to achieve forest regeneration objectives. Needs for such data are increasing with current emphasis on ecosystem management, escalating silvicultural treatment costs, evolving computer-based decision support tools, and demands for greater accountability. Deficiencies associated with field survey methods of data acquisition (e.g. high costs, subjectivity, and low spatial and temporal coverage) frequently limit decision-making effectiveness. The potential for remotely sensed data to supplement field-collected forest vegetation management data was evaluated in a problem analysis consisting of a comprehensive literature review and consultation with remote sensing and vegetation management experts at a national workshop. Among curently available sensors, aerial photographs appear to offer the most suitable combination of characteristics, including high spatial resolution, stereo coverage, a range of image scales, a variety of film, lens, and camera options, capability for geometric correction, versatility, and moderate cost. A flexible strategy that employs a sequence of 1:10,000-, 1:5,000-, and 1:500-scale aerial photographs is proposed to: 1) accurately map cutover areas, 2) facilitate location-specific prescriptions for silvicultural treatments, sampling, buffer zones, wildlife areas, etc., and 3) monitor and document conditions and activities at specific points during the regeneration period. Surveys that require very detailed information on smaller plants (<0.5-m tall) and/or individual or rare plant species are not likely to be supported by current remote sensing technologies. Recommended areas for research include : 1) digital frame cameras, or other cost-effective digital imagers, as replacements for conventional cameras, 2) computer-based classification and interpretation algorithms for digital image data, 3) relationships between image measures and physical measures, such as leaf-area index and biomass, 4) imaging standards, 5) airborne video, laser altimeters, and radar as complementary sensors, and 6) remote sensing applications in partial cutting systems. Key words: forest vegetation management, regeneration, remote sensing, aerial photography

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Zharikov, Yuri, Greg A. Skilleter, Neil R. Loneragan, Thomas Taranto, and Bronwyn E. Cameron. "Mapping and characterising subtropical estuarine landscapes using aerial photography and GIS for potential application in wildlife conservation and management." Biological Conservation 125, no. 1 (September 2005): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.03.016.

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Vernes, Karl, Melissa Freeman, and Brad Nesbitt. "Estimating the density of free-ranging wild horses in rugged gorges using a photographic mark - recapture technique." Wildlife Research 36, no. 5 (2009): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07126.

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Estimating the density of large, feral species such as wild horses at landscape scales can present a logistical hurdle for wildlife managers attempting to set density-based management targets. We undertook aerial surveys of wild horses by using a helicopter in Guy Fawkes River National Park in north-eastern New South Wales across 3 years to determine whether meaningful density estimates could be obtained efficiently by a mark–recapture technique based on recognition of individual horses. Horse groups photographed from the air on the first of two surveys conducted each year were ‘marked’ on the basis of a unique combination of colours and natural markings, and ‘recaptured’ if they were photographed and identified on the second survey. Population size was estimated with the program MARK using a range of population estimators; however, because horses appeared to be evading detection on the second survey of each year, we chose a final estimation model that accounted for detection shyness in the study species. In 2005, the density estimate was 3.8 horses per km2 (upper and lower 95% CL = 3.5–5.7 horses per km2). Following horse control in these catchments, the estimate in 2007 was 2.3 horses per km2 (upper and lower 95% CL = 2.1–3.4 horses per km2), and this change in density can be accounted for by the known number of horses removed from the survey area between survey periods. Overall, the technique proved useful for estimating densities of wild horses in deeply dissected gorge country where other estimation techniques (such as line transects) are not practical; however, low recapture rates in one of the years of the study shows that the technique may not always be applicable. Our technique should also be suitable for surveying other large mammals with broad ranges in open environments, provided recognition of individuals from unique marks is possible.

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Aber, James S., John Zupancic, and Susan W. Aber. "Applications of kite aerial photography: Golf course management." Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 106, no. 3 & 4 (October 2003): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1660/0022-8443(2003)106[0211:aokapg]2.0.co;2.

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Chen, Xiliang, Gang Li, Lan Yang, Qifan Nie, Xinyue Ye, Yanjun Liang, and Tingting Xu. "Profiling unmanned aerial vehicle photography tourists." Current Issues in Tourism 23, no. 14 (August 13, 2019): 1705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1653832.

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Maksymova, Yuliia, and Oleksii Boiko. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 93,2021, no. 93 (June 23, 2021): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.93.059.

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Purpose. The aim of the research is to develop fuzzy impact models of the natural and anthropogenic influence, which allows to integrate different physical factors, which makes it possible to bring them to a single environmental assessment system and comparison of different assessed areas. Methodology. The basis of the proposed modeling is a traditional approach on the development of such models, which includes conceptual, logical and physical modeling levels. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used for conceptual modeling level, which is recommended as the main modeling tool in the set of international standards in geographic information / geomatics and software that supports the interactive mode of UML diagrams creation Visio. The geospatial database and SQL-functions are implemented and the extension of the standard SQL-99 language with a new data type geometry and built-in functions which provides storage, processing and analysis of geospatial data in database management systems is used. The proposed models are realized in the environment of object-relational DBMS PostgreSQl / Postgis and geographic information system QGIS. Results. A review of the experience of using fuzzy logic to assess the state of the environment is done. Technological models for computation of indicators of administrative unit provision by social infrastructure objects, influence of greenery, industrial territories and transport on the environment are offered and realized. An example of approbation of the proposed approach based on OpenStreetMaps open data for the Popasnianskyi distinct of Luhansk region territory is given. Scientific novelty. Theoretical generalizations are made and practical results are received of resolving applied problem of the development of the fuzzy impact assessment model of various factors influence on the environment with use of GIS. Such assessment can be used at the stage of community spatial development strategies preparation to determine the most acceptable development version, as well as to unify the means of strategies implementation monitoring, organically linking local, national and global tasks. Practical significance. The application of the proposed approach of GRID modeling and fuzzy impact assessment use in assessing the quality of the environment allows to integrate different indicators, compare them, by bringing them into a single evaluation system.

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Lepetiuk, V. B. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 92,2020, no. 92 (December 24, 2020): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2020.92.055.

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Analyzing GIS technologies` products for strengthening the tourist attractiveness of the destination and research of possibilities of GIS-technologies at the formation of a tourist product is the purpose of this work. The relevance of this study lies in the need to apply innovative approaches to GIS technologies` usages in the development of national tourism products. The research methodology is based on the application of the statistical method of data processing, the cartographic method of research with the use of GIS, and the method of spatial analysis. General scientific, systematic and informational approaches are also used. The results of the study are an analysis of existing products of GIS technologies and the state of their implementation in tourism, the study of interactive maps and geoportals as tools for the successful solution of problems in the modern tourism sector. It has been found that geoportals significantly help to form a national infrastructure of geospatial data. In the publication I consider two levels of GIS implementation: national and regional. I gave vivid examples of newly created national geoportals and tourist geoportals of the regions of Ukraine, interactive maps of amateur tourists. I considered in more detail the development of GIS technologies` products of such a tourist destination as the Chernihiv region. In particular, as an example, an overview of one of the most functional in Ukraine geoportals - The Geoportal of the urban cadastre of the Chernihiv region is given. A thematic tour of the Chernihiv region was projected with the help of GIS. The scientific novelty of this study is identifying the features of the use of cartographic research methods, especially GIS technologies to study the tourist resources of the territory, the creation of new regional tourism products. I propose to use the method of spatial analysis in the creation of the thematic tour. The practical significance lies in the use of GIS technology products to create cartographic products, such as maps, series of maps, atlases, 3D models, virtual tours. Its help to study in detail the tourist objects of the region contribute to management decisions, and further development and promotion of tourism. The database created during the study can be used to form other types of tourism products. The proposed method of using spatial analysis in the creating of the tour can be useful for expanding the GIS technologies` field of usage.

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Moore, E. "Water Management in Early Cambodia: Evidence from Aerial Photography." Geographical Journal 155, no. 2 (July 1989): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/635062.

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Morgan, Jessica L., Sarah E. Gergel, and Nicholas C. Coops. "Aerial Photography: A Rapidly Evolving Tool for Ecological Management." BioScience 60, no. 1 (January 2010): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2010.60.1.9.

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Lundahl, Arthur C., and Dino A. Brugioni. "Aerial photography: World class disaster fighter." Information Society 3, no. 4 (January 1985): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01972243.1985.9960010.

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12

Cuny, Frederick C. "Introduction to Disaster Management: Lesson 5—Technologies of Disaster Management." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 8, no. 4 (December 1993): 372–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00040693.

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Disaster managers should be familiar with certain technologies or sets of information used in disaster management. Among the more important are mapping, interpretation of aerial photography, communications, information management, logistics and computer applications, epidemiology, and preventive medicine.

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Georgiadis, Nicholas J., Gordon Ojwang’, Nasser Olwero, and George Aike. "Reassessing Aerial Sample Surveys for Wildlife Monitoring, Conservation, and Management." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, no. 632 (2011): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.632.31.

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14

Kemper, G., A. Weidauer, and T. Coppack. "MONITORING SEABIRDS AND MARINE MAMMALS BY GEOREFERENCED AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-689-2016.

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The assessment of anthropogenic impacts on the marine environment is challenged by the accessibility, accuracy and validity of biogeographical information. Offshore wind farm projects require large-scale ecological surveys before, during and after construction, in order to assess potential effects on the distribution and abundance of protected species. The robustness of site-specific population estimates depends largely on the extent and design of spatial coverage and the accuracy of the applied census technique. Standard environmental assessment studies in Germany have so far included aerial visual surveys to evaluate potential impacts of offshore wind farms on seabirds and marine mammals. However, low flight altitudes, necessary for the visual classification of species, disturb sensitive bird species and also hold significant safety risks for the observers. Thus, aerial surveys based on high-resolution digital imagery, which can be carried out at higher (safer) flight altitudes (beyond the rotor-swept zone of the wind turbines) have become a mandatory requirement, technically solving the problem of distant-related observation bias. A purpose-assembled imagery system including medium-format cameras in conjunction with a dedicated geo-positioning platform delivers series of orthogonal digital images that meet the current technical requirements of authorities for surveying marine wildlife at a comparatively low cost. At a flight altitude of 425 m, a focal length of 110 mm, implemented forward motion compensation (FMC) and exposure times ranging between 1/1600 and 1/1000 s, the twin-camera system generates high quality 16 bit RGB images with a ground sampling distance (GSD) of 2 cm and an image footprint of 155 x 410 m. The image files are readily transferrable to a GIS environment for further editing, taking overlapping image areas and areas affected by glare into account. The imagery can be routinely screened by the human eye guided by purpose-programmed software to distinguish biological from non-biological signals. Each detected seabird or marine mammal signal is identified to species level or assigned to a species group and automatically saved into a geo-database for subsequent quality assurance, geo-statistical analyses and data export to third-party users. The relative size of a detected object can be accurately measured which provides key information for species-identification. During the development and testing of this system until 2015, more than 40 surveys have produced around 500.000 digital aerial images, of which some were taken in specially protected areas (SPA) of the Baltic Sea and thus include a wide range of relevant species. Here, we present the technical principles of this comparatively new survey approach and discuss the key methodological challenges related to optimizing survey design and workflow in view of the pending regulatory requirements for effective environmental impact assessments.

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Kemper, G., A. Weidauer, and T. Coppack. "MONITORING SEABIRDS AND MARINE MAMMALS BY GEOREFERENCED AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-689-2016.

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The assessment of anthropogenic impacts on the marine environment is challenged by the accessibility, accuracy and validity of biogeographical information. Offshore wind farm projects require large-scale ecological surveys before, during and after construction, in order to assess potential effects on the distribution and abundance of protected species. The robustness of site-specific population estimates depends largely on the extent and design of spatial coverage and the accuracy of the applied census technique. Standard environmental assessment studies in Germany have so far included aerial visual surveys to evaluate potential impacts of offshore wind farms on seabirds and marine mammals. However, low flight altitudes, necessary for the visual classification of species, disturb sensitive bird species and also hold significant safety risks for the observers. Thus, aerial surveys based on high-resolution digital imagery, which can be carried out at higher (safer) flight altitudes (beyond the rotor-swept zone of the wind turbines) have become a mandatory requirement, technically solving the problem of distant-related observation bias. A purpose-assembled imagery system including medium-format cameras in conjunction with a dedicated geo-positioning platform delivers series of orthogonal digital images that meet the current technical requirements of authorities for surveying marine wildlife at a comparatively low cost. At a flight altitude of 425 m, a focal length of 110 mm, implemented forward motion compensation (FMC) and exposure times ranging between 1/1600 and 1/1000 s, the twin-camera system generates high quality 16 bit RGB images with a ground sampling distance (GSD) of 2 cm and an image footprint of 155 x 410 m. The image files are readily transferrable to a GIS environment for further editing, taking overlapping image areas and areas affected by glare into account. The imagery can be routinely screened by the human eye guided by purpose-programmed software to distinguish biological from non-biological signals. Each detected seabird or marine mammal signal is identified to species level or assigned to a species group and automatically saved into a geo-database for subsequent quality assurance, geo-statistical analyses and data export to third-party users. The relative size of a detected object can be accurately measured which provides key information for species-identification. During the development and testing of this system until 2015, more than 40 surveys have produced around 500.000 digital aerial images, of which some were taken in specially protected areas (SPA) of the Baltic Sea and thus include a wide range of relevant species. Here, we present the technical principles of this comparatively new survey approach and discuss the key methodological challenges related to optimizing survey design and workflow in view of the pending regulatory requirements for effective environmental impact assessments.

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Mangewa, Lazaro J., Patrick A. Ndakidemi, and Linus K. Munishi. "Integrating UAV Technology in an Ecological Monitoring System for Community Wildlife Management Areas in Tanzania." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (November 3, 2019): 6116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216116.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have recently emerged as a new remote sensing aerial platform, and they are seemingly advancing real-time data generation. Nonetheless, considerable uncertainties remain in the extent to which wildlife managers can integrate UAVs into ecological monitoring systems for wildlife and their habitats. In this review, we discuss the recent progress and gaps in UAV use in wildlife conservation and management. The review notes that there is scanty information on UAV use in ecological monitoring of medium-to-large mammals found in groups in heterogeneous habitats. We also explore the need and extent to which the technology can be integrated into ecological monitoring systems for mammals in heterogeneous habitats and in topographically-challenging community wildlife-management areas, as a complementary platform to the traditional techniques. Based on its ability to provide high-resolution images in real-time, further experiments on its wider use in the ecological monitoring of wildlife on a spatiotemporal scale are important. The experimentation outputs will make the UAV a very reliable remote sensing platform that addresses the challenges facing conventional techniques.

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Hardin, Perry J., and Mark W. Jackson. "An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Rangeland Photography." Rangeland Ecology & Management 58, no. 4 (July 2005): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2005)058[0439:auavfr]2.0.co;2.

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Gillis, Mark D., and Donald G. Leckie. "Forest inventory update in Canada." Forestry Chronicle 72, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc72138-2.

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Modern forest management presents ever increasing demands for accurate and up-to-date forest inventory information. The process of inventory update is critical. Inventory update in Canada is examined including update for harvest, burns, insect and disease, silviculture, roads and other changes. The magnitude and requirements of the update task are documented. The procedures used are described and summarized by province in table form. Usage, advantages and disadvantages of current methods (e.g. conventional 9 × 9 aerial photography, supplemental aerial photography, satellite imagery, and aerial reconnaissance) are examined, new methods discussed and trends highlighted. Also outlined are issues related to the incorporation of silviculture and insect and disease information into inventories and the structure and responsibilities for update. Key words: forest inventory, inventory update, harvest, burns, insect and disease, blowdown, silviculture, aerial photography, satellite imagery, Global Positioning System, aerial reconnaissance, video

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Oswald, Brian P., John T. Fancher, David L. Kulhavy, and Hershel C. Reeves. "Classifying fuels with aerial photography in East Texas." International Journal of Wildland Fire 9, no. 2 (1999): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf00002.

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National Fire Danger Rating System fuel models were predicted from 1:80,000 scale aerial photographs with a greater than 90% accuracy using combinations of three variables: pine composition, pine basal area and total crown closure. These variables were measured from aerial photos and field checked using techniques common to forest and natural resource management. Graphical presentation from discriminate function analysis indicated good group separation. Misclassification of stands requiring field checking represented 3.3% of the total stand classification. The common use of both the fuel models and aerial photos make the procedures described in this study an easy method for classifying fuel models in the pine and pine-hardwood forests of East Texas.

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Grip, Wayne M., Randall W. Grip, and Robert D. Morrison. "Application of Aerial Photography and Photogrammetry in Environmental Forensic Investigations." Environmental Forensics 1, no. 3 (January 2000): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/enfo.2000.0014.

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Naylor, Bridgett J., Bryan A. Endress, and Catherine G. Parks. "Multiscale Detection of Sulfur Cinquefoil Using Aerial Photography." Rangeland Ecology & Management 58, no. 5 (September 2005): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2005)58[447:mdoscu]2.0.co;2.

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Fleming, Peter J. S., and John P. Tracey. "Preface to 'Aerial Surveys of Wildlife: Theory and Applications'." Wildlife Research 35, no. 4 (2008): iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wrv35n4_pr.

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Hone, Jim. "On bias, precision and accuracy in wildlife aerial surveys." Wildlife Research 35, no. 4 (2008): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07144.

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Bias, precision and accuracy have been studied extensively in wildlife population estimation including aerial surveys. A review of the literature shows that the concepts of bias and precision are used broadly consistently. Aerial survey data from known populations of feral pig carcases and white-tailed deer show that few density estimates are unbiased and precise. Research is needed, however, to clarify how much bias and how much precision are enough for the various types of wildlife management activities. Accuracy is used in two closely related but different ways. One set of definitions of accuracy relates to deviations from the true value (bias) and the second set relates to squared deviations from the true value (bias and precision). The implications are that authors are encouraged to clearly state which definition of accuracy they use, or focus solely on bias and precision.

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González-Orozco, Carlos E., Mark Mulligan, Valérie Trichon, and Andrew Jarvis. "Taxonomic identification of Amazonian tree crowns from aerial photography." Applied Vegetation Science 13, no. 4 (September 1, 2010): 510–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109x.2010.01090.x.

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Beloev, Ivan H. "A Review on Current and Emerging Application Possibilities for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ata-2016-0015.

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Abstract This paper presents a review on current and emerging application possibilities for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The introduction section of the paper briefly describes some of the application areas in which drones are currently being used. The next chapters of the paper describe more detailly the use of UAVs for aerial photography, filming, security and logistics, GIS, land and water surveys. The main focus of the last chapters is on the advantages and the disadvantages of the drones usage in precision agriculture, wildlife and nature observations and archaeology. The last chapters also provide information on how the advanced information technology solutions can be implemented in order to provide means for fighting invasive species, to increase the yield of certain crops, to monitor and predict flooding, wildfires and other disasters, etc. This paper provides only overview of the most interesting and widely available applications of the UAVs, but there are also many other more specific and dedicated solutions for implementation of the drones for different purposes.

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Fennell, David A., and Hojat Yazdan panah. "Tourism and wildlife photography codes of ethics: Developing a clearer picture." Annals of Tourism Research 85 (November 2020): 103023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103023.

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Kelaher, Brendan P., Victor M. Peddemors, Brent Hoade, Andrew P. Colefax, and Paul A. Butcher. "Comparison of sampling precision for nearshore marine wildlife using unmanned and manned aerial surveys." Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/juvs-2018-0023.

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Aerial surveys of large marine wildlife in nearshore areas can support management actions to ensure conservation of this megafauna. While most aerial surveys of marine wildlife have been carried out using manned aircraft, unmanned aerial systems (commonly known as drones) are being increasingly used. Here, we compare the relative accuracy and precision of marine wildlife surveys from a multirotor drone and a manned helicopter for the first time. At two locations on the east coast of Australia, we simultaneously surveyed sharks (including white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias), dolphins, rays, and sea turtles in nearshore coastal areas using a multirotor drone (DJI Inspire I) and a helicopter (Robinson 44 Clipper II) over 26 separate flights. Sampling included the real-time quantification of marine wildlife by an observer in the helicopter and the pilot of the drone. The video feed from the drone was then later re-sampled in the laboratory. Of the three methods, post-hoc analysis of drone video footage is likely to provide the most accurate and precise estimates of marine wildlife in nearshore areas. When real-time data are required (e.g., for shark-risk mitigation), manned helicopters (over larger stretches of coast) and drones (across localised beaches) will both be useful.

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Petersen, Steven L., Tamzen K. Stringham, and Andrea S. Laliberte. "Classification of Willow Species Using Large-Scale Aerial Photography." Rangeland Ecology & Management 58, no. 6 (November 2005): 582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/04-129r1.1.

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Conn, Paul B., Erin E. Moreland, Eric V. Regehr, Erin L. Richmond, Michael F. Cameron, and Peter L. Boveng. "Using simulation to evaluate wildlife survey designs: polar bears and seals in the Chukchi Sea." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 1 (January 2016): 150561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150561.

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Logistically demanding and expensive wildlife surveys should ideally yield defensible estimates. Here, we show how simulation can be used to evaluate alternative survey designs for estimating wildlife abundance. Specifically, we evaluate the potential of instrument-based aerial surveys (combining infrared imagery with high-resolution digital photography to detect and identify species) for estimating abundance of polar bears and seals in the Chukchi Sea. We investigate the consequences of different levels of survey effort, flight track allocation and model configuration on bias and precision of abundance estimators. For bearded seals (0.07 animals km −2 ) and ringed seals (1.29 animals km −2 ), we find that eight flights traversing ≈7840 km are sufficient to achieve target precision levels (coefficient of variation (CV)<20%) for a 2.94×10 5 km 2 study area. For polar bears (provisionally, 0.003 animals km −2 ), 12 flights traversing ≈11 760 km resulted in CVs ranging from 28 to 35%. Estimators were relatively unbiased with similar precision over different flight track allocation strategies and estimation models, although some combinations had superior performance. These findings suggest that instrument-based aerial surveys may provide a viable means for monitoring seal and polar bear populations on the surface of the sea ice over large Arctic regions. More broadly, our simulation-based approach to evaluating survey designs can serve as a template for biologists designing their own surveys.

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Gillette, Gifford L., Peter S. Coates, Steven Petersen, and John P. Romero. "Can Reliable Sage-Grouse Lek Counts Be Obtained Using Aerial Infrared Technology?" Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 4, no. 2 (September 1, 2013): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/032013-jfwm-025.

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Abstract More effective methods for counting greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) are needed to better assess population trends through enumeration or location of new leks. We describe an aerial infrared technique for conducting sage-grouse lek counts and compare this method with conventional ground-based lek count methods. During the breeding period in 2010 and 2011, we surveyed leks from fixed-winged aircraft using cryogenically cooled mid-wave infrared cameras and surveyed the same leks on the same day from the ground following a standard lek count protocol. We did not detect significant differences in lek counts between surveying techniques. These findings suggest that using a cryogenically cooled mid-wave infrared camera from an aerial platform to conduct lek surveys is an effective alternative technique to conventional ground-based methods, but further research is needed. We discuss multiple advantages to aerial infrared surveys, including counting in remote areas, representing greater spatial variation, and increasing the number of counted leks per season. Aerial infrared lek counts may be a valuable wildlife management tool that releases time and resources for other conservation efforts. Opportunities exist for wildlife professionals to refine and apply aerial infrared techniques to wildlife monitoring programs because of the increasing reliability and affordability of this technology.

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Muller, Chris G., B. Louise Chilvers, Zane Barker, Kelvin P. Barnsdale, Phil F. Battley, Rebecca K. French, Josh McCullough, and Fred Samandari. "Aerial VHF tracking of wildlife using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV): comparing efficiency of yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) nest location methods." Wildlife Research 46, no. 2 (2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17147.

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Context Locating cryptic animals is an important aspect of many wildlife management programs and research studies. However, this process can be inefficient, time-consuming and expensive. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) or drones fitted with a camera are increasingly being used for counting and monitoring wildlife; however, these are often not suitable for cryptic species. Very high-frequency (VHF) radio-tracking is commonplace; however, single-channel VHF receivers mean that animals must be tracked individually, or scanning receivers must be used; but this raises the possibility of signals being missed. Aims We aimed to test the effectiveness of aerial VHF tracking using a multi-channel receiver for locating wildlife. Methods We tracked wildlife fitted with VHF transmitters operating on individual frequencies, by means of a UAV with a multi-channel VHF receiver to simultaneously monitor all frequencies. This offered distinct advantages over traditional single-channel scanning receivers. To test and compare this novel method, yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipodes) were located on nests hidden under vegetation on Enderby Island in the New Zealand subantarctic, using manual ground searching, unassisted ground VHF tracking, as well as using location flights by the UAV Drone Ranger system. Key results The UAV system allowed for faster nest location than did all other methods, with a higher cumulative success (number of nests found each day) and lower search effort required (person hours per nest). Conclusions Aerial VHF tracking can greatly extend the search range and minimise search effort compared with ground VHF tracking or manual searching. Implications This technology has applications for locating and tracking a wide range of wildlife, particularly cryptic species that may be difficult to find using other methods.

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Barrell, Jeffrey, and Jon Grant. "High-resolution, low-altitude aerial photography in physical geography." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 39, no. 4 (May 5, 2015): 440–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133315578943.

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Intertidal landscapes are highly complex and dynamic habitats that exhibit variability over a range of spatial and temporal scales. The spatial arrangement of structure-forming biogenic features such as seagrasses and bivalves influences ecosystem function and the provision of important ecosystem services, though quantification and monitoring of intertidal landscape structure has been hindered by challenges collecting spatial data in the coastal zone. In this study, an intertidal landscape mosaic of eelgrass ( Zostera marina) and blue mussels ( Mytilus edulis) was observed using low-altitude aerial photography from a balloon-mounted digital camera platform. Imagery representing seagrass-bivalve landscape structure was classified and analysed using multiple metrics of landscape composition and configuration at the patch scale and the landscape scale. Patch-scale imagery was compared to a previously collected dataset in order to track temporal changes in seagrass patch metrics over a 26-month period. Seagrass and bivalve patches exhibited distinct spatial patterning at different spatial scales. At the patch scale, the change in seagrass metrics was consistent with patch border expansion at the expense of patch density and integrity. These methods demonstrate a novel approach for collecting high-resolution spatial data that could also be valuable to physical geographers dealing with similar fine-scale landscapes. The application of spatial metrics at multiple spatial scales quantified elements of the configuration and composition of a seagrass-bivalve habitat mosaic and allowed for the tracking of patch metrics through time to depict landscape change. Continued development of landscape metrics within intertidal habitats will increase understanding of the ecological function of these areas with benefits to management and monitoring of ecosystem health.

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Pagel, Chantal D., Mark Orams, and Michael Lück. "#biteme: Considering the Potential Influence of Social Media on In-Water Encounters with Marine Wildlife." Tourism in Marine Environments 15, no. 3 (October 14, 2020): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427320x15754936027058.

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Over the past three decades, interacting with wildlife as a tourism activity has grown significantly and has transformed from a relatively rare experience into a mainstream tourism product. Tourism opportunities to watch, photograph, and otherwise interact with animals in their natural environment have grown to include a range of species and settings, including in the sea. Close encounters with marine wildlife are facilitated by a wide range of commercial operators, and many include and promote a strong adventure component. This article provides a consideration of the issues of risk and the emerging role of the use of social media in marine wildlife tourism experiences. While the concept of ecotourism has been widely explored in wildlife tourism research, the inherited risk involved in these activities has received little attention. This is particularly the case regarding interactions with potentially dangerous wildlife in open-water environments. This aspect warrants exploration in the context of the growth of wildlife photography/videography and sharing via social media platforms, which frequently display close encounters with animals in dangerous scenarios for both people and wildlife involved.

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Pople, A. R. "Frequency and precision of aerial surveys for kangaroo management." Wildlife Research 35, no. 4 (2008): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07066.

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The appropriate frequency and precision for surveys of wildlife populations represent a trade-off between survey cost and the risk of making suboptimal management decisions because of poor survey data. The commercial harvest of kangaroos is primarily regulated through annual quotas set as proportions of absolute estimates of population size. Stochastic models were used to explore the effects of varying precision, survey frequency and harvest rate on the risk of quasiextinction for an arid-zone and a more mesic-zone kangaroo population. Quasiextinction probability increases in a sigmoidal fashion as survey frequency is reduced. The risk is greater in more arid regions and is highly sensitive to harvest rate. An appropriate management regime involves regular surveys in the major harvest areas where harvest rate can be set close to the maximum sustained yield. Outside these areas, survey frequency can be reduced in relatively mesic areas and reduced in arid regions when combined with lowered harvest rates. Relative to other factors, quasiextinction risk is only affected by survey precision (standard error/mean × 100) when it is >50%, partly reflecting the safety of the strategy of harvesting a proportion of a population estimate.

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Denner, Michele, and Jacobus H. Raubenheimer. "Assessing a potential solution for spatially referencing of historical aerial photography in South Africa." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-26-2018.

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Historical aerial photography has become a valuable commodity in any country, as it provides a precise record of historical land management over time. In a developing country, such as South Africa, that has undergone enormous political and social change over the last years, such photography is invaluable as it provides a clear indication of past injustices and serves as an aid to addressing post-apartheid issues such as land reform and land redistribution. National mapping organisations throughout the world have vast repositories of such historical aerial photography. In order to effectively use these datasets in today’s digital environment requires that it be georeferenced to an accuracy that is suitable for the intended purpose. Using image-to-image georeferencing techniques, this research sought to determine the accuracies achievable for ortho-rectifying large volumes of historical aerial imagery, against the national standard for ortho-rectification in South Africa, using two different types of scanning equipment. The research conducted four tests using aerial photography from different time epochs over a period of sixty years, where the ortho-rectification matched each test to an already ortho-rectified mosaic of a developed area of mixed land use. The results of each test were assessed in terms of visual accuracy, spatial accuracy and conformance to the national standard for ortho-rectification in South Africa. The results showed a decrease in the overall accuracy of the image as the epoch range between the historical image and the reference image increased. Recommendations on the applications possible given the different epoch ranges and scanning equipment used are provided.

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Hanisch, Emma, Ross Johnston, and Nancy Longnecker. "Cameras for conservation: wildlife photography and emotional engagement with biodiversity and nature." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 24, no. 3 (March 29, 2019): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2019.1600206.

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Talebi, Leila, Anika Kuczynski, Andrew J. Graettinger, and Robert Pitt. "Automated Classification of Urban Areas for Storm Water Management Using Aerial Photography and LiDAR." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 19, no. 5 (May 2014): 887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000815.

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Eggleston, B., B. McLuckie, W. R. Koski, D. Bird, C. Patterson, D. Bohdanov, H. Liu, T. Mathews, and G. Gamage. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRICAN TD100 SMALL UAS AND PAYLOAD TRIALS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1/W4 (August 26, 2015): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w4-143-2015.

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The Brican TD100 is a high performance, small UAS designed and made in Brampton Ontario Canada. The concept was defined in late 2009 and it is designed for a maximum weight of 25 kg which is now the accepted cut-off defining small civil UASs. A very clean tractor propeller layout is used with a lightweight composite structure and a high aspect ratio wing to obtain good range and endurance. The design features and performance of the initial electrically powered version are discussed and progress with developing a multifuel engine version is described. The system includes features enabling operation beyond line of sight (BLOS) and the proving missions are described. The vehicle has been used for aerial photography and low cost mapping using a professional grade Nikon DSLR camera. For forest fire research a FLIR A65 IR camera was used, while for georeferenced mapping a new Applanix AP20 system was calibrated with the Nikon camera. The sorties to be described include forest fire research, wildlife photography of bowhead whales in the Arctic and surveys of endangered caribou in a remote area of Labrador, with all these applications including the DSLR camera.

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White, Gary C. "Correcting wildlife counts using detection probabilities." Wildlife Research 32, no. 3 (2005): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03123.

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One of the most pervasive uses of indices of wildlife populations is uncorrected counts of animals. Two examples are the minimum number known alive from capture and release studies, and aerial surveys where the detection probability is not estimated from a sightability model, marked animals, or distance sampling. Both the mark–recapture and distance-sampling estimators are techniques to estimate the probability of detection of an individual animal (or cluster of animals), which is then used to correct a count of animals. However, often the number of animals in a survey is inadequate to compute an estimate of the detection probability and hence correct the count. Modern methods allow sophisticated modelling to estimate the detection probability, including incorporating covariates to provide additional information about the detection probability. Examples from both distance and mark–recapture sampling are presented to demonstrate the approach.

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Dunn, M. J., S. Adlard, A. P. Taylor, A. G. Wood, P. N. Trathan, and N. Ratcliffe. "Un-crewed aerial vehicle population survey of three sympatrically breeding seabird species at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands." Polar Biology 44, no. 4 (March 3, 2021): 717–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02831-6.

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AbstractSurveying seabirds in polar latitudes can be challenging due to sparse human populations, lack of infrastructure and the risk of disturbance to wildlife or damage to habitats. Counting populations using un-crewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a promising approach to overcoming these difficulties. However, a careful validation of the approach is needed to ensure comparability with counts collected using conventional methods. Here, we report on surveys of three Antarctic bird species breeding on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands; Chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) and Gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) Penguins, and the South Georgia Shag (Leucocarbo atriceps georgianus). We show that images from low-altitude UAV surveys have sufficient resolution to allow separation of Chinstrap Penguins from contiguously breeding Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adéliae), which are very similar in appearance when viewed from overhead. We compare data from ground counts with manual counts of nesting birds on images collected simultaneously by low-altitude aerial photography from multi-rotor UAVs at the same colonies. Results at this long-term monitoring site confirmed a continued population decline for Chinstrap Penguins and increasing Gentoo Penguin population. Although both methods provided breeding pair counts that were generally within ~ 5%, there were significant differences at some locations. We examine these differences in order to highlight potential biases or methodological constraints that should be considered when analysing similar aerial census surveys and comparing them with ground counts.

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He, Yuanrong, Weiwei Ma, Zelong Ma, Wenjie Fu, Chihcheng Chen, Cheng-Fu Yang, and Zhen Liu. "Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing and a Monitoring Information System to Enhance the Management of Unauthorized Structures." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 18, 2019): 4954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224954.

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In this research, we investigated using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photographic technology to prevent the further expansion of unauthorized construction and thereby reduce postdisaster losses. First, UAV dynamic aerial photography was used to obtain dynamic digital surface model (DSM) data and elevation changes of 2–8 m as the initial sieve target. Then, two periods of dynamic orthophoto images were superimposed for human–computer interaction interpretation, so we could quickly distinguish buildings undergoing expansion, new construction, or demolition. At the same time, mobile geographic information system (GIS) software was used to survey the field, and the information gathered was developed to support unauthorized construction detection. Finally, aerial images, interpretation results, and ground survey information were integrated and released on WebGIS to build a regulatory platform that can achieve accurate management and effectively prevent violations.

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Kelly, Kevin. "Determination of Lobster Trap Density near Midcoastal Maine by Aerial Photography." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 13, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0859:doltdn>2.3.co;2.

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Ekstrand, S. "Close range forest defoliation effects of traffic emissions assessed using aerial photography." Science of The Total Environment 146-147 (May 1994): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90231-3.

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Spencer, Ray D. "LARGE-SCALE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS FOR FOREST SAMPLING IN CANADA." Canadian Surveyor 41, no. 1 (March 1987): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcs-1987-0001.

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Large-scale aerial photography is a tool that can provide relevant, timely and cost-effective information on forest quantities and conditions to improve planning and management. Accordingly, Canadians have pioneered two different photographic approaches: the first uses synchronized twin vertical cameras with a fixed airbase; the second approach uses a single camera with tilt recorder and a radar or laser altimeter. The paper discusses the development of these approaches for forest sampling in Canada.

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Gardner, Charlie J., Xavier Vincke, Simon Rafanomezantsoa, and Malika Virah-Sawmy. "Oblique aerial photography: a novel tool for the monitoring and participatory management of protected areas." PARKS 21, no. 1 (March 27, 2015): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/iucn.ch.2014.parks-21-1cjg.en.

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Sheppard, C. R. C., K. Matheson, J. C. Bythell, P. Murphy, C. Blair Myers, and B. Blake. "Habitat mapping in the Caribbean for management and conservation: Use and assessment of aerial photography." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 5, no. 4 (December 1995): 277–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3270050404.

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Quinlan, Kirsty, Dorian Moro, and Mark Lund. "Improving trapping success for rare species by targeting habitat types using remotely sensed data: a case study of the heath mouse (Pseudomys shortridgei) in Western Australia." Wildlife Research 31, no. 2 (2004): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03031.

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The rare heath mouse (Pseudomys shortridgei) is the only rodent lacking a conservation program in Western Australia. Little is known about the habitat requirements of P. shortridgei in Western Australia, and there is a lack of trapping focus that could target specific habitat components that this species may use. The purpose of this study was to (1) relate the occurrence of this species to measurable components of its habitat; (2) incorporate habitat information into a GIS modelling system to identify other areas of potentially suitable habitat; and (3) test for the presence of P. shortridgei in predicted areas. In Lake Magenta Nature Reserve, 93% of P. shortridgei captures (14�of 15 mice) were associated with characteristics of a mixed laterite heath community representing 57 plant species and a dense structural layer up to 1.2 m. Aerial photography and satellite imagery were used to identify the occurrence of mixed laterite heath elsewhere within the reserve. Ground-truthing using pre-defined habitat criteria found that the best predictive model to define habitat was aerial photography. Trapping was undertaken in two areas of the reserve predicted by the modelling and resulted in the successful capture of the target species. This study demonstrates that aerial photography maps can provide a basis for focusing future trapping effort within reserves where P. shortrigei is likely to occur. The use of this GIS method provides a low-cost and simple method for improving the chances of locating additional populations of P. shortridgei in other nature reserves.

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Tracey, John P., Peter J. S. Fleming, and Gavin J. Melville. "Does variable probability of detection compromise the use of indices in aerial surveys of medium-sized mammals?" Wildlife Research 32, no. 3 (2005): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03126.

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Although aerial surveys are an effective and commonly used method of monitoring wildlife populations, variable detection probability may result in unreliable indices or biased estimates of absolute abundance. Detection probability can vary between sites, sampling periods, species, group sizes, vegetation types and observers. These variables were examined in helicopter surveys of a suite of medium-sized mammals in a hilly environment in central eastern New South Wales. Maximum-likelihood methods were used to investigate the effects of these variables on detection probability, which was derived using the double-count technique. Significant differences were evident between species in the overall analysis, and group size, vegetation, observer pair and sampling period for various individual species when analysed separately. The implications for monitoring wildlife populations between sites and across time are discussed. This paper emphasises that aerial survey indices may be effective in detecting large differences in population size but can be improved by quantifying detection probabilities for a range of variables.

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van Niel, T. G., and T. R. McVicar. "Assessing positional accuracy and its effects on rice crop area measurement: an application at Coleambally Irrigation Area." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 4 (2001): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00140.

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If management decisions are based on geospatial data that have not been assessed for spatial accuracy, then debate about both the measurements and the decisions themselves can occur. This debate, in part, can be avoided by evaluating the spatial accuracy of geospatial data, leading to heightened confidence in both the data and the decisions made from the data. To increase the effectiveness of environmental compliance monitoring, the spatial accuracies of 2 Geographic Information System datasets were estimated at the Coleambally Irrigation Area, New South Wales. The first, high-resolution digital aerial photography acquired in January 2000, is the Geographic Information System baseline data for Coleambally Irrigation Area. The second, Digital Topographic Data Base roads data, although not a reference dataset at Coleambally Irrigation Area, is often used as a baseline dataset across Australia. Neither dataset met the National Mapping Council of Australia’s standard of map accuracy, so a new version of the digital aerial photography was created that did. The positional accuracy of the improved dataset was over 4 times more accurate than the Digital Topographic Data Base roads dataset and over 2.5 times more accurate than the original digital aerial photography. It was also found that the overall areal error of paddocks measured from the improved dataset decreased as more paddock areas were added together; a finding that has a direct impact on management decisions at Coleambally Irrigation Area. This study both provides a demonstration of how to assess and improve spatial accuracy and shows that this process is not unduly complicated.

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Lumban-Gaol, Y. A., A. Murtiyoso, and B. H. Nugroho. "INVESTIGATIONS ON THE BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT RESULTS FROM SFM-BASED SOFTWARE FOR MAPPING PURPOSES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2 (May 30, 2018): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-623-2018.

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Since its first inception, aerial photography has been used for topographic mapping. Large-scale aerial photography contributed to the creation of many of the topographic maps around the world. In Indonesia, a 2013 government directive on spatial management has re-stressed the need for topographic maps, with aerial photogrammetry providing the main method of acquisition. However, the large need to generate such maps is often limited by budgetary reasons. Today, SfM (Structure-from-Motion) offers quicker and less expensive solutions to this problem. However, considering the required precision for topographic missions, these solutions need to be assessed to see if they provide enough level of accuracy. In this paper, a popular SfM-based software Agisoft PhotoScan is used to perform bundle adjustment on a set of large-scale aerial images. The aim of the paper is to compare its bundle adjustment results with those generated by more classical photogrammetric software, namely Trimble Inpho and ERDAS IMAGINE. Furthermore, in order to provide more bundle adjustment statistics to be compared, the Damped Bundle Adjustment Toolbox (DBAT) was also used to reprocess the PhotoScan project. Results show that PhotoScan results are less stable than those generated by the two photogrammetric software programmes. This translates to lower accuracy, which may impact the final photogrammetric product.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aerial photography in wildlife management'

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