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Journal articles on the topic 'Aerial photography'
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Ruzgienė, Birutė. "REQUIREMENTS FOR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." Geodesy and cartography 30, no. 3 (August 3, 2012): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921541.2004.9636646.
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The photogrammetric mapping process at the first stage requires planning of aerial photography. Aerial photographs quality depends on the successfull photographic mission specified by requirements that meet not only Lithuanian needs, but also the requirements of the European Union. For such a purpose the detailed specifications for aerial photographic mission for mapping urban territories at a large scale are investigated. The aerial photography parameters and requirements for flight planning, photographic strips, overlaps, aerial camera and film are outlined. The scale of photography, flying height and method for photogrammetric mapping is foreseen as well as tolerances of photographs tilt and swings round (yaw) are presented. Digital camera based on CCD sensors and on-board GPS is greatly appreciated in present-day technologies undertaking aerial mission.
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Tsench, Yu S., and N. I. Zakharova. "Trends in development of agricultural aerial photography technology." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 17, no. 3 (September 19, 2023): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2023-17-3-16-26.
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Aerial photography is becoming an integral part of remote sensing in digital agriculture. The first aerial photographs were taken in the mid-19th century. (Research purpose) The paper aims to retrospectively analyze the evolution of aerial photography equipment for capturing agricultural lands, beginning with the creation of the first aerial photograph up to the present day. (Materials and methods) A historical-analytical approach was employed to examine the existing literature. Within this study, the development of agricultural aerial photography equipment was categorized into four distinct time periods: 1885-1908, 1909-1945, 1946-1979, and from 1980 to the present day. (Results and discussion) In the initial phase of experimental aerial photographic equipment development, significant advancements were achieved, encompassing the emergence of the first photograph, the creation of portable cameras and their adaptation for use with hot air balloons and kites, rockets, and birds. Technological growth in the first half of the 20th century contributed to elevating aerial photography to a versatile tool applied for a wide range of intelligence operations, including agricultural tasks. The evolution of space technologies in the second half of the 20th century resulted in the rapid development of both aerial photography equipment and their carriers. This progress facilitated the use of color aerial photography for the examination of the Earth's surface. The advancements of digital technologies at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century facilitated the use of high-resolution digital aerial cameras mounted on various carrier platforms, ranging from unmanned aircraft to artificial Earth satellites. (Conclusions) A retrospective analysis reveals that the development and creation of equipment for aerial photography of agricultural lands unfolded in a sporadic fashion. This progression was closely intertwined with global political, social, and economic situation, as well as the state of technological advancement in related areas. Over the coming decade, the sustained application of aerial photography in agriculture is poised to enhance the efficiency of unmanned aircraft, reduce the production costs associated with aerial photography, and facilitate the widespread adoption of digital remote sensing technology within the agricultural sector.
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Solokha, M. O. "Methodical approach to aerial photographs based on aerial photography." Taurian Scientific Herald 1, no. 110 (2019): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32851/2226-0099.2019.110-1.19.
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Pavlov, V. I. "Aerial photography of the water area." Geodesy and Cartography 956, no. 2 (March 20, 2020): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2020-956-2-18-24.
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During the development of water resources the characteristics of excitement, direction, and flow velocity, depth, points of bottom, temperature and chemical composition of water is to be taken into account. Some of these indicators are determined through the results of measuring single aerial photographs and their stereoscopic pairs. Making aerial photography (APS) of water surface on technology for topographic land survey enables obtaining only single overlapping aerial photographs, as the water surface is in constant motion. Stereoscopic pairs of aerial photographs can be obtained if photographing is performed simultaneously by two aerial cameras (AFA) with close elements of internal orientation. The author considers two technological schemes of using two AFA in aerial photography of water space
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Takahashi, Y., C. Kuhara, and H. Chikatsu. "IMAGE BLUR DETECTION METHOD BASED ON GRADIENT INFORMATION IN DIRECTIONAL STATISTICS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (August 12, 2020): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-91-2020.
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Abstract. Images are visually inspected for defects that affect downstream operations and qualitatively evaluated immediately after they are acquired. Therefore, there is concern that an increase in the number of images taken affects the quality and process of inspections. Among the defects qualitatively detected in visual inspections, blurring is a serious one, despite its low rate of appearance. However, the blurry images detected in the visual inspections can only be solved by the take another photograph. For this reason, it is not acceptable for any blurry images to be missed in the visual inspections. Therefore, quantitative evaluations are an issue when inspecting photographed images. In the present study, its characteristics in aerial photography were investigated and it was established that motion blur occurs in aerial photography. The motion blur is a condition in which the subject appears to have drifted. We focused on the gradient direction of the image, which is considered to be concentrated in a certain direction. The concept of directional statistics was used to statistically process the gradient direction. The evaluation values calculated from the gradient direction statistics tended to increase with the amount of blurring in the aerial photographs. An experiment was conducted to investigate whether images with blurring could be detected in a large number of aerial photographs. As a result, we were able to successfully detect blurred images that had been overlooked during the visual inspection as well as the images that had been previously detected during the visual inspection.
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Piekielek, Nathan. "A semi-automated workflow for processing historic aerial photography." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-299-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Libraries, museums and archives were the original big geospatial information repositories that to this day house thousands to millions of resources containing research-quality geographic information. However, these print resources (and their digital surrogates), are not easily incorporated into the contemporary research process because they are not structured data that is required of web-mapping and geographic information system tools. Fortunately, contemporary big data tools and methods can help with the large-scale conversion of historic resources into structured datasets for mapping and spatial analysis.</p><p>Single frame historic aerial photographs captured originally on film (hereafter “photographs”), are some of the most ubiquitous and information-rich geographic information resources housed in libraries, museums and archives. Photographs authentically encoded information about past places and time-periods without the thematic focus and cartographic generalization of historic print maps. As such, they contain important information in nearly every category of base mapping (i.e. transportation networks, populated places etc.), that is useful to a broad spectrum of research projects and other applications. Photographs are also some of the most frustrating historic resources to use due to their very large map-scale (i.e. small geographic area), lack of reference information and often unknown metadata (i.e. index map, flight altitude, direction etc.).</p><p>The capture of aerial photographs in the contiguous United States (U.S.) became common in the 1920s and was formalized in government programs to systematically photograph the nation at regular time intervals beginning in the 1930s. Many of these photography programs continued until the 1990s meaning that there are approximately 70 years of “data” available for the U.S. that is currently underutilized due to inaccessibility and the challenges of converting photographs to structured data. Large collections of photographs include government (e.g. the U.S. Department of Agriculture Aerial Photography Field Office “The Vault” – over 10 million photographs), educational (e.g. the University of California Santa Barbara Library – approximately 2.5 million photographs), and an unknown number non-governmental organizations (e.g. numerous regional planning commissions and watershed conservation groups). Collectively these photography resources constitute an untapped big geospatial data resource.</p><p>U.S. government photography programs such as the National Agricultural Imagery Program continued and expanded in the digital age (i.e. post early 2000s), so that not only is there opportunity to extend spatial analyses back in time, but also to create seamless datasets that integrate with current and expected future government aerial photography campaigns. What is more, satellite imagery sensors have improved to the point that there is now overlap between satellite imagery and aerial photography in terms of many of their technical specifications (i.e. spatial resolution etc.). The remote capture of land surface imagery is expanding rapidly and with it are new opportunities to explore long-term land-change analyses that require historical datasets.</p><p>Manual methods to process photographs are well-known, but are too labour intensive to apply to entire photography collections. Academic research on methods to increase the discoverability of photographs and convert them to geospatial data at large-scale has to date been limited (although see the work of W. Karel et al.). This presentation details a semi-automated workflow to process historic aerial photographs from U.S. government sources and compares the workflow and results to existing methods and datasets. In a pilot test area of 94 photographs in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, the workflow was found to be nearly 100-times more efficient than commonly employed alternatives while achieving greater horizontal positional accuracy. Results compared favourably to contemporary digital aerial photography data products, suggesting that they are well-suited for integration with contemporary datasets. Finally, initial results of the workflow were incorporated into several existing online discovery and sharing platforms that will be highlighted in this presentation. Early online usage statistics as well as direct interaction with users demonstrates the broad interest and high-impact of photographs and their derived products (i.e. structured geospatial data).</p>
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Matthews, M. C., and C. R. I. Clayton. "The Use of Oblique Aerial Photography to Investigate the Extent and Sequence of Landslipping at Stag Hill, Guildford, Surrey." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 2, no. 1 (1986): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.1986.002.01.54.
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AbstractThe University of Surrey is situated on the northern slopes of Stag Hill, below Guildford Cathedral, which occupies the summit. During the investigation for the design of the University, it became apparent that the site was underlain by a large landslip, 500 m wide from east to west and extending 160 m from rear scarp to toe. Considerable effort was made to establish its geometry and extent (Skempton & Petley (1967), and Morgenstern & Tchalenko (1967)).In recent years it was realised that because the construction of the Cathedral extended over a long period of time, the likelihood of Stag Hill being covered by oblique aerial photography would be high. Some forty oblique aerial photographs, spanning the period 1949 to 1982, were collected and analysed together with vertical aerial photographs and topographic maps.Although the landslip is visible on vertical aerial photographs, individual elements are not easily identified. Using oblique photography, in particular that in which recognition of subdued topography has been enhanced by low sun angles, up to six phases of landslipping were identified.This paper uses this example to demonstrate the usefulness of aerial photography in site investigation and in particular the value of oblique photography, a topic which receives little attention in BS 5930:1981 considering how cost effective this tool can be.
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Jianming, Chen. "Map of the Mount Gongga Glacier: A Combination of Terrestrial and Aerial Photogrammetry." Annals of Glaciology 8 (1986): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500001099.
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For use in glaciological research, between 1982 and 1984, we succeeded in surveying and mapping the Mount Gongga Glacier, on a scale of 1:25 000, by means of a combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. This paper describes the method in detail.In the survey area, we set up an independent, triangulation network, with microwave distance measurement, and two, independent, straight-line traverses, for basic control. Control points were observed by intersection. The terrestrial, photogrammetric baselines were projected and corrected into distances on the. plane of the map.Terrestrial photography accounted for the majority of the photographs of the survey area. Surveying and mapping of planimetrie and topographic features were completed on a stereo-autograph, using plates mainly from terrestrial photogrammetry. Where these data were insufficient, they were supplemented by aerial photography, plotted on a photographic plotting instrument. Orientation points of the aerial photographs were established by terrestrial, photogrammetric analysis and located on the map by an optical, mechanical method.The practical result showed that a combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry, in mapping a high, mountain, glacier area, on a large scale, is more feasible and flexible than other methods and more economical as well.
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Jianming, Chen. "Map of the Mount Gongga Glacier: A Combination of Terrestrial and Aerial Photogrammetry." Annals of Glaciology 8 (1986): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500001099.
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For use in glaciological research, between 1982 and 1984, we succeeded in surveying and mapping the Mount Gongga Glacier, on a scale of 1:25 000, by means of a combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. This paper describes the method in detail. In the survey area, we set up an independent, triangulation network, with microwave distance measurement, and two, independent, straight-line traverses, for basic control. Control points were observed by intersection. The terrestrial, photogrammetric baselines were projected and corrected into distances on the. plane of the map. Terrestrial photography accounted for the majority of the photographs of the survey area. Surveying and mapping of planimetrie and topographic features were completed on a stereo-autograph, using plates mainly from terrestrial photogrammetry. Where these data were insufficient, they were supplemented by aerial photography, plotted on a photographic plotting instrument. Orientation points of the aerial photographs were established by terrestrial, photogrammetric analysis and located on the map by an optical, mechanical method. The practical result showed that a combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry, in mapping a high, mountain, glacier area, on a large scale, is more feasible and flexible than other methods and more economical as well.
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Eyton, J. Ronald. "Student Aerial Photography." Geocarto International 20, no. 4 (December 2005): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106040508542366.
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Ulliman, Joseph J. "Obtaining Aerial Photography." Journal of Forestry 85, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/85.12.41.
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Pisetskaya, Olga, Yanina Isayeva, and Maksim Goutsaki. "Application of Unmanned Flying Vehicle for Obtaining Digital Orthofotomaps." Baltic Surveying 11 (November 20, 2019): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2019.018.
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Nowadays, surveys using unmanned aerial vehicles is becoming popular. The resulting orthophotomap is the final product for creating digital plans and cardboard. The objectives of the study are to study the possibilities of obtaining orthophotomaps from survey materials using unmanned aerial vehicles based on the results of the experiment. The article describes various types of aerial photography. Some types of unmanned flying vehicles to conduct aerial photography for the purpose of monitoring, engineering surveys, inventory of agricultural land, and crop forecasts are considered. A description of aerial photography surveying is given on the example of the city of Dzerzhinsk, Minsk Region, which is performed taking into account the unmanned flying vehicles of GeoScan 201 and the Republican agricultural aero-geodesic unitary enterprise BelPSHAGI. A description of the GeoScan Planner software and basic pre-flight preparation is given. The stages of the preparatory work before the aerial photography, the creation of the planning and high-altitude geodetic justification, the implementation of aerial photography procedures, the steps of the aerial photograph anchorage procedure are considered. Agisoft Photoscan, which allows to get clouds of points, surfaces, 3D models and orthophotomaps using digital raster images are presented. The map of heights (DEM) of the terrain and the orthophotomap was made on the basis of a dense points cloud. According to the results of the research, a conclusion was made on the possibility of using aerial photography materials obtained using unmanned flying vehicles to get orthophotomaps of the required accuracy.
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Schukina, Olga, Maksud Abdukarimov, and Albina Valieva. "Creating a 3D terrain model for the territory of the Hasti-Imom ensemble in Tashkent, Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 497 (2024): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449702024.
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The purpose of this work is to create a three-dimensional model of the terrain on the territory of the Hasti-Imam ensemble of the city of Tashkent (Uzbekistan), using a Geoscan 401 multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle and a modern photogrammetric product Agisoft Metashape. Four flights were performed at this facility using a Geoscan 401 quadcopter. Aerial photography was carried out at different heights (from 40 m to 100 m) and with different inclinations of the aerial camera (45°, 60°, 90°) in order to display all elements of the ensemble in more detail. Aerial photography was carried out at a scale of 1:500 using a SonyDSC-RX1 digital aerial camera with a focal length of 50 mm. The longitudinal overlap of aerial photographs was from 70% to 80% and, accordingly, the transverse overlap was also from 70% to 80%. The number of aerial photographs at the site was 936 pieces. The length of all air routes was 65.9 km. The area of the filmed object was 14 hectares.The processing of unmanned aerial photography and the construction of a three-dimensional model of the terrain on the territory of the Hasti-Imam ensemble in Tashkent, Uzbekistan was carried out in the modern photogrammetric complex Agisoft Metashape.
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Shukina, Olga G., Maksud M. Abdukarimov, Jakhongir Ibragimov, and Mansur Ergashev. "Creation of a three-dimensional model of a landscape of the left bank of the Akhangaran reservoir using a phontom 4 pro quadrocopter." E3S Web of Conferences 498 (2024): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449802012.
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The purpose of the work under study is to create a three-dimensional model of a landslide on a dangerous section of the left bank of the Akhangaran reservoir, which is located in the Angren district, Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, using unmanned aerial photography. In order to display the landslide area in as much detail and accuracy as possible, aerial photography was carried out by a Phontom4 pro multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (Chinese company DJI) with a 4K camera and an object tracking function. camera DSC-RX1R with a focal length of 35 mm over an area of 162 hectares. Four 1:500 scale aerials were completed on site, with a longitudinal overlap of 70% and a transverse overlap of 50%. Aerial photography was carried out at an altitude of 70 meters. The total number of aerial photographs was 936. The length of all air routes was 122.7 km. The article examines in great detail the functions of the quadcopter, the uniqueness of its camera, which is capable of shooting video in 4K format (4096 by 2160 pixels) at a speed of 60 frames/sec, as well as taking 14 photos per second in burst mode, and at the same time broadcasting video picture to a synchronized tablet or phone. For the first time in a DJI camera of this size, a mechanical shutter is used, which allows you to shoot dynamic scenes without the “jelly effect”, and it is also noted that an improved battery with a capacity of 5350 mAh increased the drone’s flight time to almost 30 minutes. The paper notes the purpose of the Agisoft Metashape software, in which aerial photography materials were processed, and also describes the technology for creating a 3D model for the landslide section of the left bank of the Akhangaran reservoir.
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Yurchenko, V. I. "Consideration of physical factors at planning topographic aerial photography." Geodesy and Cartography 983, no. 5 (June 20, 2022): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2022-983-5-53-64.
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Despite the variety of flight task preparation programs represented in the market and introduction of new standards of technical requirements in topographic aerial photography, the design issues of the latter are not worked out in detail; the criteria of pixel size selection on the ground are not defined. The necessity of considering all the input data i.e. customer requirements to the outcome product, characteristics of the used technical means of flight support, navigation and photographic equipment, the impact of external factors of the photographic environment was noted in the paper. Within the framework of the unified methodical approach to the choice of the pixel size in the design, the use of theoretical and physical similarity criteria is proposed. The method provides analyzing aerial photography’s all external and internal factors complex interaction and consideration of their affecting the result. Physical criteria, i.e. stability of flight, image quality of images, and depth of depicted high-altitude objects sharpness are considered in detail. The theoretical justification of determining the similarity coefficients is given. It analyzes the changes in coefficients depending on focal length, camera exposure parameters, etc. The method of taking into account physical factors and estimation of design accuracy is presented. The software implementation of the method is described. The practical example of multi-factor data analysis for selection of pixel size for designing large-scale aerial photography of built-up area is considered. The relevance of determining the coefficients directly in the course of aerial survey is shown.
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Красноруцкий, Андрей Александрович, Сергей Сергеевич Шульгин, Анна Владимировна Хаханова, and Дмитрий Владимирович Баранник. "МЕТОД ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ СИЛЬНО ИНФОРМАТИВНЫХ СЕГМЕНТОВ АЭРОФОТОСНИМКА." RADIOELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2018.1.02.
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A variant of solving the problem of reducing the informative intensity of the video stream coming from the aircraft without loss of its efficiency and reliability is discussed. The analysis of aerial photographs, which constitute informative redundancy and subsequently complicate the process of its interpretation is made. The implementation of decryption coding technology for aerial photography is disclosed. A model for the classification of informative segments of an aerial photograph is considered. The direction of reducing the information redundancy of aerial photographs with preservation of key information to its interpretation is proposed. The substantiation of a method of exact allocation of highly informative segments from the whole aerial photograph, which carry the maximum information objects in the interests of interpretation is given. A technological concept of an effective syntactic description of the elements of sufficiently informative segments of an aerial photo is taken into account, which takes into account the characteristics of the transformant components of the discrete cosine transform. Moreover, such a concept is aimed at maximum preservation of key information to decipher the whole aerial photo. A method is constructed for accurately isolating highly informative segments from the entire aerial photograph, which carry the maximum information objects in the interest of deciphering. This will allow to allocate and completely transfer not distorted key information to the deciphering of the whole aerial photo. That, in turn, will shorten the time and increase the probability of correct interpretation. A promising technological concept of an effective syntactic description of the elements of sufficiently informative segments of an aerial photograph that takes into account the characteristics of the DCT transformant components. The scheme for evaluating the significance of transformants of an aerial photograph informative segments is considered. It is substantiated that the proposed version will provide simultaneous reduction of the information necessary for presentation of service data and will create prerequisites for effective reduction of informative intensity of the whole segment of the aerial reconnaissance
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Slyusar, Vadym, Mykhailo Protsenko, Anton Chernukha, Vasyl Melkin, Olena Petrova, Mikhail Kravtsov, Svitlana Velma, Nataliia Kosenko, Olga Sydorenko, and Maksym Sobol. "Improving a neural network model for semantic segmentation of images of monitored objects in aerial photographs." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 2 (114) (December 29, 2021): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.248390.
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This paper considers a model of the neural network for semantically segmenting the images of monitored objects on aerial photographs. Unmanned aerial vehicles monitor objects by analyzing (processing) aerial photographs and video streams. The results of aerial photography are processed by the operator in a manual mode; however, there are objective difficulties associated with the operator's handling a large number of aerial photographs, which is why it is advisable to automate this process. Analysis of the models showed that to perform the task of semantic segmentation of images of monitored objects on aerial photographs, the U-Net model (Germany), which is a convolutional neural network, is most suitable as a basic model. This model has been improved by using a wavelet layer and the optimal values of the model training parameters: speed (step) ‒ 0.001, the number of epochs ‒ 60, the optimization algorithm ‒ Adam. The training was conducted by a set of segmented images acquired from aerial photographs (with a resolution of 6,000×4,000 pixels) by the Image Labeler software in the mathematical programming environment MATLAB R2020b (USA). As a result, a new model for semantically segmenting the images of monitored objects on aerial photographs with the proposed name U-NetWavelet was built. The effectiveness of the improved model was investigated using an example of processing 80 aerial photographs. The accuracy, sensitivity, and segmentation error were selected as the main indicators of the model's efficiency. The use of a modified wavelet layer has made it possible to adapt the size of an aerial photograph to the parameters of the input layer of the neural network, to improve the efficiency of image segmentation in aerial photographs; the application of a convolutional neural network has allowed this process to be automatic.
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Kobzev, A. A., and A. G. Chibunichev. "FEATURES OF AERIAL TRIANGULATION BY USING DIFFERENT-TIME IMAGES OF URBAN AREAS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2022 (May 30, 2022): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2022-71-2022.
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Abstract. It is well-known that in order to obtain up-to-date spatial information of rapidly developing cities, aerial photography is carried out almost annually. This work is devoted to the joint aerial triangulation of aerial urban area photographs obtained at different times. The main problem of the joint aerial triangulation of different-time images is the process of tie points detection. In this paper it is proposed to search for tie points exclusively on the roofs of building since they are least susceptible to change over time. In order to do this, the roofs of buildings are highlighted on the original aerial photographs via the Unet neural network and then tie points are detected within these areas. The technology made it possible to improve the quality of aerial triangulation: remove photogrammetric gaps in the given block, increase the number of tie points, reduce the processing time by 25% without increasing computing requirements. This approach to the search for tie points made it possible to increase the efficiency of aerial triangulation not only when processing archival and current images together, but also when processing only the results of actual aerial photography.
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Tobak, Zalán, József Szatmári, and Boudewijn Van Leeuwen. "Small Format Aerial Photography." Journal of Environmental Geography 1, no. 3-4 (July 1, 2008): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/jengeo-2008-43861.
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Since February 2008, an advanced system has been developed to acquire digital images in the visible to near infrared wavelengths. Using this system, it is possible to acquire data for a large variety of applications. The core of the system consists of a Duncantech MS3100 CIR (Color-InfraRed) multi-spectral camera. The main advantages of the system are its affordability and flexibility; within an hour the system can be deployed against very competitive costs. In several steps, using ArcGIS, Python and Avenue scripts, the raw data is semi-automatically processed into geo-referenced mosaics. This paper presents the parts of the system, the image processing workflow and several potential applications of the images.
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Mauelshagen, L. "LOW ALTITUDE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." Photogrammetric Record 12, no. 68 (August 26, 2006): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1986.tb00561.x.
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Rieke-Zapp, Dirk. "Small-Format Aerial Photography." Photogrammetric Record 26, no. 134 (June 2011): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.2011.00637_2.x.
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Kirby, R. P. "Small format aerial photography." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 51, no. 6 (December 1996): 316–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-2716(96)00032-9.
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Reutebuch, Stephen E. "Small Format Aerial Photography." Forest Science 43, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/43.2.307.
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Kalynych, Ivan, Mariya Nychvyd, Ivan Prodanets, Nataliya Kablak, and Yaroslav Vash. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.077.
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The aim of this work. This article is devoted to the study of geodynamic processes in the Tysza River basin within the Transcarpathian region with an analysis of geodetic observations obtained over the past decade. Method. Karst monitoring began with the identification of the most dangerous areas of the earth's surface that are subject to vertical displacements. After the detection of the most dangerous areas the local geodetic monitoring was carried out at facilities within the urban settlement to prevent possible accidents: Solotvyno, Dilove and Bila Tserkva. A collection of archival aerial photography was also used to develop a methodology for identifying changes in landscapes and landforms under the influence of geodynamic processes. Results. UAVs were used to remove karsts. On the basis of digital aerial photography data were created: orthophotos and digital terrain models. Digital aerial photography was carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents. To determine the dynamics of landslides and karst the digital aerial photography must be repeated several times at certain intervals. Aerial photography work was carried out in two stages in 2020 and 2021 Contour points were selected for identification marks. They are recognized on aerial photography and the terrain with an accuracy of at least 0.1 mm on the scale of the created plan. Mathematical processing of geodetic GPS measurements was performed using Trimble Geomatics Office software. After photogrammetric processing, the quality control of the obtained results was performed and digital surface models using DEM and TIN methods. Orthophotomaps on a scale of 1:1000 were made from raster images of aerial photographs, taking into account the created digital terrain model. There is a need for monitoring work to update information on the state of modern karst formations and areas with exogenous processes in Solotvyno and Bila Tserkva, Tyachiv district and the village Dilove, Rakhiv district, Transcarpathian region. The technology of topographic and geodetic works with the use of UAVs and GPS measurements in mountainous areas has been developed and tested. The results of aerial photography were used to visualize the study objects and to convey information regarding the deformation processes to local governments. For processes of natural or man-made nature (displacement, landslides, karst) requires the development of individual approaches to the use of UAVs. With the mass use of UAV images, a data bank is formed, which cannot be obtained by other methods. The study made it possible to create the method of complex determination of movements in exogenous and technogenic areas in mountainous areas with the use of the latest technologies. It allows quick establishing a plan-altitude basis of the required accuracy in the reference coordinate system in solving a number of applied geodesy problems using satellite technologies and UAVs for observations by objects.
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Suroso, Indreswari, and Erwhin Irmawan. "Analysis Of Aerial Photography With Drone Type Fixed Wing In Kotabaru, Lampung." Journal of Applied Geospatial Information 2, no. 1 (May 4, 2018): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jagi.v2i1.738.
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In the world of photography is very closely related to the unmanned aerial vehicle called drones. Drones mounted camera so that the plane is pilot controlled from the mainland. Photography results were seen by the pilot after the drone aircraft landed. Drones are unmanned drones that are controlled remotely. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), is a flying machine that operates with remote control by the pilot. Methode for this research are preparation assembly of drone, planning altitude flying, testing on ground, camera of calibration, air capture, result of aerial photos and analysis of result aerial photos. There are two types of drones, multicopter and fixed wing. Fixed wing has an airplane like shape with a wing system. Fixed wing use bettery 4000 mAh . Fixed wing drone in this research used mapping in This drone has a load ability of 1 kg and operational time is used approximately 30 minutes for an areas 20 to 50 hectares with a height of 100 m to 200 m and payload 1 kg above ground level. The aerial photographs in Kotabaru produce excellent aerial photographs that can help mapping the local government in the Kotabaru region.
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Blinn, Charles R., Al Lyons, and Edward R. Buckner. "Color Aerial Photography for Assessing the Need for Fertilizers in Loblolly Pine Plantations." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 12, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/12.4.270.
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Abstract Color aerial photography was used to assess crown color classes in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations. Three distinct Munsell color classes were delineated on the resulting photographs. Foliar N levels and, to a lesser degree, foliar K levels were directly related to color. Significant relationships between color and site index and color and basal area were shown. Application of color aerial photography, combined with Munsell color coding, could expedite land classification and also make possible more efficient use of fertilizers. South J. Appl. For. 12(4):270-273.
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Fox, A. J., and A. P. R. Cooper. "Climate-change indicators from archival aerial photography of the Antarctic Peninsula." Annals of Glaciology 27 (1998): 636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-636-642.
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Aerial photography has been used as a mapping tool in the Antarctic Peninsula region sinre the late 1920s. Following pioneering work by Wilkins in 1928, Ellsworth in 1934 and the British Graham Land Expedition in 1934-37, the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition carried out extensive aerial photography during the period 1955-57. Since then, many other aerial surveys have been carried out, and the result is an archive of aerial photography that, for some localities, spans 40 years. The production of maps both from different generations of photographs and satellite images has revealed many changes in the extent of ice cover with time. For example, changes in ice shelves such as the Wordie Ice Shelf, Larsen Ice Shelf and Müller Ice Shelf, are well recorded, and the termini of some glaciers have retreated. However, the most pervasive change is the consistent decline in the extent of small bodies of snow and ice. This paper shows how perennial snow or ice cover has decreased in the northern Marguerite Bay area, at 68°S. The correlation of the change with elevation and with climate records from Adelaide and Rothera research stations in the Antarctic Peninsula region is examined.
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Kuna, Jakub. "The Orthophotomap of Lublin 1944: from Luftwaffe photographs to map application – idea, methods, contemporary challenges of processing and publishing archival aerial photographs." Polish Cartographical Review 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcr-2022-0009.
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Abstract The origins of aerial photography can be traced back to the second half of the 19th century, and periods of World Wars contributed to the development of techniques for developing and disseminating aerial photographs for military purposes. In the literature, we find descriptions of the Polish Military Geographical Institute’s (WIG) use of aerial photography to update topographic maps of nearly 40% of the country’s area at the time. Unfortunately, the fate of the pre-war collection of photographs is difficult to establish. Given this, the aerial photographs from the period of the Second World War (German and Allied) constitute the oldest possible complete and consistent photographic documentation of Poland. The series of German prints (373-GXPRINTS) collected at the National Archives and Records Administration in College Park (NARA, USA) are maintained according to the most liberal policy on access and further use. At the same time, the organisation of the NARA archive and the extent to which the collection has been digitised (over one million images) leave a deficiency, and searching for images requires knowledge, methods and experience. In 2020–2021, the Department of Geomatics and Cartography of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University implemented the project Development of the Ortophotomap of Lublin 1939–1945 (NCN, Miniatura 4.0. No. 2020/04/X/HS4/00382). The result of the project is a dedicated web portal https://ortolub.umcs.pl, consisting of a digital repository of aerial images, a map application and standardised GIS raster data services. The author believes this is a unique source base, with unprecedented detail. The publication of the project results under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA 4.0 licence is intended to foster the widest possible use of wartime aerial images in scientific research and popularisation activities. The process of developing a historical orthophotomap, as presented in the article, is universal and can be repeated on any set of aerial photographs. At the same time, development work is needed to automate the operations as fully as possible. In conclusion, current challenges and prospects for the development of historical orthophotomaps of national coverage are indicated.
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Suharjo, S., Sugiharto Budi Santoso, Pujo Nur Cahyo, M. Mulyono, and Heru Sri Widodo. "Infra Red Aerial Photograph Interpretation for Soil Erosion at Wuryantoro, Wonogiri." Forum Geografi 15, no. 1 (July 20, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v15i1.4661.
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Collecting data of soil erosion hazard terrestrially needs much time, high cost, and large energy. Therefore it is needed appropriate technology in addition to terrestrially decreasing necessity of time, cost and energy. Aerial photograph is picture of earth surface, which shape and place similar to condition on earth surface. Using aerial photograph in this research is expected to be able to take account for erosion factors. This research is conducted in Kecamatan Wuryantoro Kabupaten Wonogiri. Research method that used is aerial photograph interpretation with land unit approach. Amounts of soil lost are approached with USLE formula. Aerial photograph that used in this research is aerial photograph coloured infrared with 1:10.000 in scale and 1991 in year of taking photography. The result shows that using aerial photograph is very useful in supporting soil erosion rate calculation. Erosion rate at research area is 0.0968 ton/ha/year to 100.4344 ton/ha/year. This number is included in class of light erosion hazard (
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LITVINOV, Denis V. "MODERN METHODS TO AERO PHOTOFILMING IN THE ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ANALYSIS OF THE URBAN AREA." Urban construction and architecture 5, no. 1 (February 15, 2015): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2015.01.6.
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In article the modern aerial photography from unmanned aerial vehicles as one of methods of the analysis of city building and the territory in design and exploration work is considered. A number of advantages of aerial photography before land photographing is allocated. The retrospective analysis of aerial photography, allowing to track its development from amateur to the professional is carried out. Its application in town planning, reconstruction and new construction is defined. Two main types of aerial photography, used in construction planned and, - perspective are allocated.
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Yang, Chenghai, James H. Everitt, and John A. Goolsby. "Mapping Giant Reed (Arundo donax) Infestations along the Texas–Mexico Portion of the Rio Grande with Aerial Photography." Invasive Plant Science and Management 4, no. 4 (December 2011): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-10-00081.1.
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AbstractGiant reed is an invasive weed throughout the southern half of the United States, with the densest stands growing along the coastal rivers of southern California and the Rio Grande in Texas. The objective of this study was to use aerial photography to map giant reed infestations and to estimate infested areas along the Texas–Mexico portion of the Rio Grande. Aerial color-infrared photographs were taken along the Rio Grande between Brownsville and El Paso, TX, in June and July 2002. Based on the aerial photographs and ground surveys, the portion of the river from San Ygnacio to Lajitas, which has a river length of 898 km (558 mi), was found to be infested with giant reed. To estimate infested areas along both sides of the river, 65 (13.5%) of the 480 aerial photographs taken between Lajitas and San Ygnacio were randomly selected. The aerial photographs were digitized, rectified to Google Earth imagery, and then classified using maximum-likelihood classification techniques. The infested areas on both sides of the river, as well as water area and river length, from each photographic image were determined. Based on the estimates from the 65 aerial photos, the ratio of giant reed area to water area and the ratio of giant reed area to river length were calculated. The total giant reed area along the Rio Grande between Lajitas and San Ygnacio was estimated to be 5,981 ha (14,779 ac) with 3,714 ha or 62% on the U.S. side and 2,267 ha or 38% on the Mexican side. This study provides the first accurate estimates of giant reed infestations along the Texas–Mexico portion of the Rio Grande and will be useful for both land owners and government agencies for the estimation of water usage and economic loss and for the management and control of giant reed.
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Wang, Zehong, and Long Xiao. "Research on relative orientation method of oblique aerial photography based on basic matrix." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2093, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2093/1/012025.
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Abstract After the oblique aerial photography technology is used to collect the stereo image, it is necessary to use the relative orientation method to check the image parameters. After the rectification process is completed, the 3D software is used to draw the 3D model to meet the subsequent application requirements. The author of this paper analyzes the difficulty of the matching and aerial photography, including affine transformation cannot successful transformation, influence there covered phenomenon and characteristic finishing is difficult, the combination of fundamental matrix tilt aerial photography as a method of relative orientation, through the study of oblique aerial photography based matrix as precision control points, its aim is to continuously optimize tilt aerial photography as the content, improve the use value of collation results.
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YU Chun-feng, 于春风, 李辉 LI Hui, 贾平 JIA Ping, and 丁亚林 DING Ya-lin. "Lens shutter for aerial photography." Optics and Precision Engineering 26, no. 1 (2018): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20182601.0105.
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Burak, Kostyantyn. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.039.
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The purpose of this work is to prove the necessity and possibility of returning to the orthometric system of heights in Ukraine and to substantiate the ways of solving this problem. The method of achieving the goal is provided by theoretical studies of existing methods of astronomical and geodetic leveling, modern methods of forecasting neotectonic processes, GNSS accuracy and geometric leveling. The main results are: the requirements for the accuracy of gravimetric support of high-precision geometric leveling, both DGM of Ukraine and high-altitude network of geodynamic and man-made landfills. The theoretical possibility of determining orthometric heights for almost 90% of the territory of Ukraine with an accuracy of even 0.2 mm per 1 km of double stroke has been established. Scientific novelty and practical significance: it has been proved that even at the maximum values of GPP anomalies it is possible to consider orthometric and normal heights as segments of normal to the reference ellipsoid, as well as geometrical heights; if at astronomical and geodetic leveling to define a deviation of a temple with accuracy mθ_sr = 0,2 "(accuracy of modern zenith systems even 0,08"), it will bring an error in definition of a difference of orthometric heights of 0,2 mm on 1 km of the course if to determine this value from the available gravimetric maps of the deviation of the temple, this error will be 0.5-1 mm per 1 km of travel, which also corresponds to the leveling of even the first class; ; non-parallelism of equipotential surfaces should be taken into account when the difference between the force of gravity on the equipotential surface of the initial point of travel and at the point of intersection of this surface with the normal at the end point of travel exceeds 2 mGal; the force of gravity at the leveling station and on the force line of the field at the end of the course, at a height corresponding to the height of the corresponding leveling station, must be known at the sum of excesses during 10 m per 1 km with an accuracy of only 20 mGal. m per 1 km - 2 mGala, therefore, the modern model EIGEN-CG03C (accuracy is estimated within 8 Mgal) in most of the plains of Ukraine can provide gravimetric data for the creation of state leveling networks and high-precision leveling during engineering and geodetic works and works on geodynamic and man-made landfills.
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Burshtynska, Khrystyna, Andrzej Mazur, Maksym Halochkin, Yevhenii Shylo, and Iryna Zayats. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.053.
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The aim of the work is to investigate the accuracy of the DEM of nearshore areas using UAV material. One of the important issues in hydrological flood modelling is the high accuracy of the DEM. In the case of a complex relief type, which is associated with meandering riverbeds, it is proposed to use UAV surveys to create a DEM. Hydrological modelling involves the following main steps: creation of high precision DEMs, determination of Manning coefficients to account for the influence of the underlying surface and determination of water level changes based on the water level graph derived from observations at hydrometeorological stations. This research presents the construction of a high-precision DEM, based on a UAV survey. For high-precision modeling, the fundamental issue is the consideration of vegetation in the nearshore areas and the choice of the optimal time period for the survey. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for the construction of a high-precision DEM from UAV data, investigate the possibilities of eliminating the influence of vegetation on point marks using software methods, determine planned channel shifts and compare the accuracy of DEM construction for surveys conducted in June 2017 and in November 2021. The section at the transition from the mountainous to marshy-hilly part of the Dniester River near the town of Stary Sambir, with complex morphometric and hydrological characteristics of the channel and banks at the site of the complex meandering of the river in a rugged ravine area was the study object of this work. Results. It was found that for 4 years between two surveys, the planned displacements of some points are up to 25-31 meters. A priori estimation of coordinates determination by points from the GNSS-receiver was carried out, the accuracy of point coordinates determination is 2-3 cm. The a priori estimate of the accuracy of determining the coordinates of points from the input survey data is: for plan coordinates - 4-6 cm for two survey periods, the error in determining the marks of points for different values of the baseline - 21-31 cm. It has been established, that the program methods of accounting of influence of high vegetation do not give the possibility of its full accounting, the average square error, in places of such vegetation makes 0,64 m. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out UAV survey in the leafless period of the year, early spring or late autumn. Scientific novelty consists in the study of the possibility of constructing a high-precision DEM for different types of vegetation from materials obtained from UAVs. The results can be used for hydrological modeling of river channels with complex hydromorphological characteristics.
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Sossa, Rostyslav, and Mariana Yurkiv. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.094.
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Ancient maps and plans are important sources of information for multifaceted knowledge of the past. In many studies, the accuracy parameters of spatial data are in demand. The purpose of our work is to study the geometric accuracy of the Lviv plan 1894 by Józef Khovanec. The methodology for studying the accuracy assessment is based on the transformation and geometric analysis of sets of identical points in the ancient plan and the modern reference one. For such a transformation, the Helmert transformation with four parameters and multiquadratic interpolation methods are used. The obtained results make it possible to graphically visualize the inaccuracies of the old plan in the form of displacement vectors, scale and rotation isolines, which clearly territorially diversify the distortions of the cartographic image. Using the method of least squares, a value was obtained that characterizes the positional accuracy of the ancient plan. All calculations and illustrations were made in the MapAnalyst software package, which specializes in the cartometric analysis of old maps. The results of cartometric analysis are influenced by a number of different factors, the decisive ones for the study were the following: the quality of the original; selection of a set of identical items; interpolation technique. When choosing identical points, the main attention is paid to their uniform distribution over the entire area of the plan at a constant position in time. The results obtained represent only one of the possible mathematical models built on the basis of the input data. However, we consider the achieved results to be valid. The processed technique significantly speeds up and simplifies the study of the accuracy of old plans and can be used for similar studies of other cartographic works, and the obtained numerical results and graphic visualizations can be used to compare old plans with each other.
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Malitskyi, Andrii. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.129.
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The aim of this work is to develop an algorithm for mathematical three-dimensional modeling of a typical roof of a Ukrainian church based on ground-based laser scanning and to find ways to optimize the model depending on the input data set. Method. The accuracy of the simulation depends on the laser scan data. The number of points obtained and their accuracy will affect the final result - 3D model of the roof. Given the typical design of the church roof in the shape of a cone, you can apply the standard mathematical algorithm for modeling part of the buildings of a typical church. Result The proposed algorithm was developed in the MathCad software environment. 3D scanning materials of the Ukrainian typical church were used to develop the mathematical algorithm. The algorithm analyzes the location of the scanning points of the church roof and performs its averaging. As a result of the algorithm, erroneous measurements were rejected and a model of the part of the roof was obtained, which forms the optimal geometry of the structure. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The proposed mathematical algorithm allows to automate some modeling processes of a typical Ukrainian church for design decisions. This method of modeling can be used for similar structures of other buildings.
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Zablotskyi, Fedir, Bohdan Kladochnyi, and Ivanna Kutna. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.005.
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The aim of the work is to analyze the change of hydrostatic and wet component values of zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD), determined for all seasons of the year. For today, ZTD components are determined mainly as follows: hydrostatic component – by using one of existing analytical models, mostly Saastamoinen model, and wet component – from GNSS measurements using simulated value of hydrostatic component. Also, in this study we evaluated the accuracy of the obtained values of hydrostatic and wet ZTD components for similar components, determined by radio sounding. For this purpose, we selected a pair of relatively close to each other station – aerological station and GNSS reference one. To implement the research methodology described above, we choose the Praha-Libus aerological station and the GOPE GNSS reference station. For processing and analysis, we selected the data from radio soundings of neutral atmosphere from the first station and the total values of ZTD (hydrostatic plus wet components) from the second one. Such data were selected monthly from the 1st to the 10th day of 2012 at 12 o’clock Universal Time. According to the radio sounding data, we determined the hydrostatic and the wet components of ZTD (set as reference) and the same number of total values of ZTD, derived for the same hour from GNSS measurements at the GOPE reference station. Based on these data, we determined the values of wet component of ZTD and compared them with the corresponding data, obtained from radio soundings. We found that the error of the hydrostatic component has a clear seasonal change ranging from only positive values in the range of 2 – 7 mm in January with a change cross zero in April (October), reaching only negative values in the range of 3 – 5 mm in July. As for the error of the wet component of ZTD, it should be noted that it takes only negative values during the year without clear seasonal course. Note that maximum absolute value of this error is in July, which exceeds 30 mm, due to the maximum content of water vapor in the troposphere at this time. However, only negative values of the wet component error indicate a systematic shift of its values. This paper provides recommendations for further research to improve the accuracy of determination of both hydrostatic and wet components of ZTD, as well as the reasons for seasonal changes in the accuracy of determination, especially the hydrostatic component.
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Galayda, Andrii, Borys Chetverikov, and Ihor Kolb. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.065.
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The aim of the work is to propose a method of creating a geographic information online resource for the management of Lisovohrynivetska UTC. To implement the tasks, a technological scheme was proposed, which consisted of 9 stages of work. The first stage involved the collection and analysis of disparate data in both vector and raster formats on the territory of the Lisovohrenivetska united territorial community. In the second stage, with the help of Global Mapper software, all vector data files in *.dxf and *.dmf formats, which were previously available, were converted to *.shp format for further processing in ArcGIS software. As a result of the conversion, graphic and attributive data were obtained in the required format and according to the layers they contain, the geodatabase with symbols according to the classifier was edited to create 1: 2000 scale plans. The next step was to unify the database of convertible files, as vector data was created with different construction of attribute tables. In addition, there is a need to enter vector data into the edited geospatial database. To do this, a ArcPy script was written that rearranges attribute tables and enters data into a geodatabase. Adjusted and populated the attribute database of vector objects for those columns where there was no information. The penultimate step was to develop the structure of the geoportal on the basis of ArcGIS-online to download the geodatabase to Lisovohrynivetska UTC on the server, to enable their external use with a unique login and password. The last step, after creating the structure of the geoportal, was to upload vector and raster geodata prepared by ArcGIS to the geoportal. As a result of the realization of the set purpose the technique of creating the geoinformation online resource for the management of the united territorial community is offered and described. During the implementation of the method the data of 24 disparate vector layers for the Lisogrynivtska community of Khmelnytsky region were processed and converted. Raster cartographic materials for UTC were collected and processed. The geodatabase according to the classifier for scale 1: 2000 is created. The structure of the geoportal based on the ArcGIS-online kernel with a connected map-base based on the online resource GoogleMaps, where all processed materials are downloaded, has been developed. The scientific novelty is to develop the concept of accumulation of heterogeneous vector and raster geospatial data in one geodatabase, by converting them into a specific format. Additional modules have been written in ArcPy to unify the database structure. Implemented geoinformation system is located on the geoportal and is designed for management decisions of community leaders. In addition, the created GIS can be used for land management and surveying work on community sites.
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Sossa, Bohdan. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.031.
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Calibration of terrestrial laser scanners allows increasing the accuracy of the obtained data in order to comply with regulatory requirements for engineering geodesy works. Two types of test objects (TCO) are used for calibration: point-based and plane-based. The aim of this work is to evaluate, summarize and classify the criteria for selecting the type and subtype of test objects for terrestrial laser scanners calibration. The arrangement of the calibration polygon is performed by taking into account the minimization of possible errors, the ability to capture the maximum field of view and range of distances, and so on. Therefore, the selection criteria are considered, systematized, and recommendations for choosing the type of TCO for practical use are developed being based on its analysis. The main criteria influencing the metric quality of calibration data are determined. The criterion of the presence of planar elements or the possibility of installing point elements is set as secondary, which is considered after evaluating all other criteria and determining the necessary conditions. The main criteria are independence from the geometric quality of surfaces; independence on the laser beam angle of incidence; arrangement of overlapping scans; the ability to calibrate both the angular and rangefinder scanner unit; the ability to link to an external coordinate system. All these criteria are considered and their impact on the calibration results are analyzed. For a more accurate assessment of the criteria, it is recommended to use Student's t-test to determine the components of systematic error that most affect the calibration data. A promising area of research has been identified - the exact spherical planar TCO centroid’s coordinates determination, which will allow one to take full advantage of both point-based and planar-based calibration objects. The scientific novelty of the study is to systematize the criteria for selecting test objects for calibration of terrestrial laser scanners and preliminary assessment of their impact on the calibration results. The obtained results allow taking into account the initial data and the existing conditions when evaluating the criteria for selecting the type of TCO for calibration in order to optimize the calibration process and further obtained data metric quality improvement.
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Lazorenko, Nadiia. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.113.
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The purpose of this work is to study the integration of sets of core reference and thematic geospatial data based on the JOIN operation of relational algebra and its interaction with geocoding of geospatial features, which is implemented in modern geographic information systems (GIS) and database management systems (hereinafter – DBMS) for the development of the national spatial data infrastructure (hereinafter – NSDI). Method. The research is based on the analysis of the possibilities of applying the theory of geospatial databases and knowledge bases, international and national harmonized standards in the field of Geographic Information/ Geomatics to solve the problem of integration of geospatial data using the operation JOIN relational algebra in object-relational database management systems (OR DBMS). Results. The paper examines the models of the Join operation of relational algebra, which underlie the geocoding of features and the creation of electronic gazetteers, and proves its effectiveness: the Join operation integrates of core reference and thematic geospatial datasets. There is a need to define the required geographic identifiers, which must be present among the attributes of the core reference and thematic geospatial datasets to perform the join. The variety of uses of the Join operation covers all possible cases that arise in their practical application. Thus, the use of the Join operation involves identifying these required geographic identifiers at the geospatial database design stage. In particular, it is expedient to determine mandatory geographical identifiers (codes) of features according to the official national systems of features classification (codification) in the relevant sectoral thematic registers, which are responsible for certain holders of thematic data in accordance with Annex 2 of the Decree of Cabinet of Ministers “The order for the functioning of the national spatial data infrastructure” of May 26, 2021, № 532. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The integration of core reference data and thematic geospatial datasets based on JOIN operation models of relational algebra and their interaction with geocoding of geospatial features is researched, which is implemented in modern GIS and DBMS for the development of national spatial data infrastructure. The research was performed on a set of core reference spatial data, namely: information on administrative-territorial units of the Cherkasy region, including their borders; the data from the statistical bulletin of the socio-economic situation of the Cherkasy region for January 2021 of the Main Department of Statistics in Cherkasy region of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine were selected as thematic data. It has been shown that relational algebra join (JOIN) operations can be used to integrate other thematic geospatial data with core reference data using geographic identifiers that contain these datasets.
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Tretyak, Kornyliy. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.013.
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The article presents the aspects of historical development of monitoring of Tereble-Ritska hydroelectric power station (HPP), which led to the need of establishing an automated system of geodetic monitoring (ASGM) of deformations of the water pipeline and other structures. Since 2018, the system has been automated and the instrumental part continues to be expanded. Thus, as of 2022, the instrumental part of ASGM includes 3 main components, namely: linear-angular measurements with the determination of meteorological parameters, satellite GNSS measurements, and piezometric measurements. This article presents the results of ASGM work in order to monitor deformations. There are also some advantages of using ASGM in comparison with classical measurements, which first of all allow determining of coordinates in real-time and increase the accuracy of spatial deformation detection to 2 mm (horizontal) and 3 mm (height) on an area of 2 km2. It is also possible to inform the maintenance services of the monitored object when the received deformation exceeds the established limits. According to the results of the time series of linear-angular measurements, it can be stated that the pipeline undergoes seasonal displacements which are manifested in the horizontal displacement of supports towards the HPP building from winter to summer, and vice versa from summer to winter. To date, the amount of special data for the aggregate analysis of linear-angular measurements with the determination of meteorological parameters, GNSS measurements and piezometric measurements is insufficient. As data accumulates, it will be important to establish relationships between these parameters.
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Hrytskiv, Nazar, Lyubov Babiy, and Iryna Horyainova. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.135.
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The problem of applying thematic mapping of production facilities in order to obtain spatial data about the harmful effects on the environment is relevant. One of the factors that minimizes this impact is the observance of sanitary protection zones. Areas designated for sanitary protection zones must correspond to current data, which can be modeled by modern GIS technology using remote sensing data of the Earth, which will allow you to quickly and accurately obtain spatial characteristics of objects and analyze thematic information. Therefore, the aim of the work is to obtain and to analyze spatial thematic data on sanitary protection zones of industrial enterprises. Methods. For the spatial analysis of sanitary protection zones the method of modeling of spatial data using cartographic and remote sensing data and the analysis of the constructed model are applied. Results. A cartographic model was created and compliance with sanitary protection zones by industrial enterprises of Slavuta and Khmelnytsky nuclear power plant was analyzed. Scientific novelty and practical relevance. It consists in the complex application of cartographic and remote sensing data for modeling and analysis of the location of sanitary protection zones of enterprises in the city of Slavuta. The obtained thematic geospatial data can serve to eliminate the shortcomings of planning and development of both enterprises and the surrounding infrastructure. The analysis of the results showed an unsatisfactory state of compliance to requirements of sanitary protection zones by industrial enterprises in Slavuta. The tested workflow can be used for modeling and analysis of sanitary protection zones of enterprises that have a harmful effect on the environment, which will increase the level of control in the field of sanitary legislation using GIS technologies.
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Kin, Danylo, and Yurii Karpinskyi. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.103.
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The aim of this work – research of topological inconsistencies during adjustment and junction of adjacent map sheets of digital topographic maps of scale 1:50000 with the use of rigorous analytical geodetic methods on the reference ellipsoid in the geoinformation environment. The research analyzes the phenomenon of topological inconsistencies of frames of adjacent digital topographic maps of 1:50000 scale within the zones of Gauss-Krueger projections and the feasibility of transition to rigorous analytical geodetic methods in the geoinformation environment during the creation of the topographic database “The Main state topographic map” by determining the differences between the vertices of the frames of digital topographic maps at a scale of 1: 50000 at the boundaries of the projection zones. This phenomenon was discovered during work at the state enterprise “Research Institute of Geodesy and Cartography”. The dependences are shown and analyzed, which show the changes in the distances between the vertices of the frames of adjacent map sheets of scale 1: 50000 in longitude and latitude. These values range from 1 mm to 8 mm, which leads to topological inconsistencies in the form of gaps and overlaps of adjacent map sheets. These gaps and overlaps complicate the process of adjustment of map sheets and make it impossible to automate the process of the junction of features into the topographic database. The scientific novelty of the research is to justify the use of rigorous analytical geodetic methods and tools instead of analog cartometric and standard methods of instrumental GIS; the use of a reference ellipsoid, not just cartographic projections, a spheroid or a sphere. The practical significance of research is the use of rigorous analytical geodetic methods that significantly minimize the values of gaps and overlaps, as the establishment of tolerances for these values does not automate the process of correct adjustment and junction of map sheets. The performed research can be used to create the topographic database “The Basic topographic map scale 1: 10000”, during the creation and updating of geospatial data in the geoinformation environment and the implementation of geodetic methods to determine the cartometric characteristics of features using GIS. Given the results of research, we can conclude that the present stage of application of geographic information systems in topographic and geodetic activities requires increasing the level of data topology and accuracy of all cartometric methods, which leads to the transition to extremely rigorous analytical geodetic methods directly on the reference ellipsoid.
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Vivat, Anatolii, Sergii Petrov, and Valeria Volkova. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 95,2022, no. 95 (June 28, 2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.95.022.
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Today in Ukraine there are dozens of turbogenerators (TG) in operation, a significant part of which have been in operation for over 35 ÷ 50 years, which exceeds their service life in accordance with regulatory documents. The actual technical condition of the TG is determined by many geometrical parameters, among which the crucial ones are those that characterize it as a mechanical system (axis of the aggregate and the axis of the stator). Today, the control of the position of the axes must be performed with an accuracy of 0.5 mm, and is carried out in three ways (using a string, using an optical autoreflex system (PPS-11), using a test shaft). The purpose of these studies is to develop a method for monitoring the geometric parameters of the TG stator when replacing it with geodetic methods using high-precision electronic total stations and its testing on site. Based on previous research, we propose to solve the following problems by the spatial method of electronic total station using a high-precision total station Leica TCRP1201R300. We performed a priori estimation of accuracy and a number of experiments (research to determine refocusing error, determination of distance measurement error at short lengths using a spherical reflector, study of the effect of non-perpendicularity of the measuring laser to the reflector) to develop methods for improving measurement accuracy using electronic total station. This technique has been tested on site during the repair (replacement) of the generator stator. As a result of the work carried out, the spatial position of the axes of the aggregate and the stator was determined with an accuracy of 0.3 mm, which were fixed in the conditional coordinate system by four marks. The method provides for the selection of optimal conditions for electronic tacheometer measurements, which compensate for errors in the initial data, instrumental, external conditions, sighting, centering and fixing. Also, the method provides for the control of each stage of work on a standard deviation of up to 0.2 mm. The number of measurement methods is determined by achieving the accuracy of each stage of 0.2 mm.
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Aber, James S., Susan W. Aber, Juraj Janočko, Ryszard Zabielski, and Maria Górska-Zabielska. "High-altitude kite aerial photography." Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 111, no. 1 & 2 (April 2008): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1660/0022-8443(2008)111[49:hkap]2.0.co;2.
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Zablotskyi, Fedir, Bohdan Palianytsia, Bohdan Kladochnyi, and Olena Nevmerzhytska. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 94, 2021, no. 94 (December 28, 2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.94.013.
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The aim of this work is to evaluate the accuracy of determining the wet component of zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) from GNSS-measurements and the accuracy of determining the hydrostatic component according to the Saastamoinen model in comparison with the radio sounding data as well. Zenith tropospheric delay is determined mainly by two methods - traditional, using radio sounding or using atmospheric models, such as the Saastamoinen model, and the method of GNSS measurements. Determination of the hydrostatic component of the zenith tropospheric delay was performed by radio sounding data obtained at the aerological station Praha-Libus in 2011-2013 and in 2018. Data were processed for the middle decades of January and July of each year at 0h o’clock of the Universal Time. The wet component was calculated from GNSS observations. By a significant number of radio soundings at the Praha-Libus aerological station, hydrostatic and wet components of zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) and the same number of ZTD values derived for the corresponding time intervals from GNSS measurements at the GOPE reference station were determined. The values of the wet component of ZTD were determined and compared with the corresponding data obtained from radio soundings. We found that the error of the hydrostatic component in winter does not exceed 10 mm in absolute value, and in summer it is approximately 1.5 times smaller. This is due to differences in the stratification of the troposphere and lower stratosphere in winter and summer. As for the wet component of ZTD, its errors do not exceed: in winter 15 mm, in summer – 35 mm. The resulting differences in summer have a negative sign, indicating a systematic shift, and in winter – both negative and positive. Today, there are many studies aimed at improving the accuracy of determining zenith tropospheric delay by both Ukrainian and foreign authors, but the problem of the accuracy of the hydrostatic component remains open. The study provides recommendations for further research to improve the accuracy of zenith tropospheric delay.
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Dvulit, Petro, Stepan Savchuk, and Iryna Sosonka. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 94, 2021, no. 94 (December 28, 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.94.005.
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The aim of the research is to diagnose the metrological characteristics of high-precision GNSS-observations by methods of non-classical error theory of measurements (NETM) based on Ukrainian reference stations. Methodology. We selected 72 GNSS reference stations, downloaded daily observation files from the LPI analysis center server, and created time series in the topocentric coordinate system. The duration of the time series is almost two years (March 24, 2019 - January 2, 2021). Using a specialized software package, the time series have been cleaned of offsets and breaks, seasonal effects, and the trend component has been removed. Verification of empirical distributions of errors was provided by the procedure of NETM on the recommendations offered by G. Jeffries and on the principles of hypothesis tests the theory according to Pearson's criterion. The main result of the research. It is established that the obtained time series of coordinates of reference GNSS stations do not confirm the hypothesis of their conformity to the normal Gaussian distribution law. NETM diagnostics of the accuracy of high-precision GNSS measurements, which is based on the use of confidence intervals for assessing the asymmetry and kurtosis of a significant sample, followed by the Pearson test, confirms the presence of weak, not removed from GNSS-processing, sources of systematic errors. Scientific novelty. The authors use the possibility of NETM to improve the processing of high-precision GNSS measurements and the need to take into account the sources of systematic errors. Failure to take into account certain factors creates the effect of shifting the time coordinate series, which, in turn, leads to subjective estimates of station velocity, i.e. their geodynamic interpretation. Practical significance. Research of the reasons for deviations of errors distribution from the established norms provides metrological literacy of carrying out high-precision GNSS measurements of large samples.
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Fys, Mykhailo, Volodymyr Litynskyi, Anatolii Vivat, and Svyatoslav Litynskyi. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 94, 2021, no. 94 (December 28, 2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.94.020.
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The aim. The study of formulas determination of the point coordinates by the inverse linear-angular intersection method. Previously, we investigated the possibility of using electronic total stations to control the geometric parameters of industrial buildings. The applied application of electronic total stations for high-precision measurements has been investigated as well. [Vivat, 2018]. The formula for optimal use of the device with certain accuracy characteristics relative to the measured basis is analytically proved and derived [Litynskyi, 2014]. Measurements on the basis of the II category are performed and theoretical calculations are confirmed. The possibility of achieving high accuracy in determining the segment by the method of linear-angular measurements is shown [Litynsky, 2015]. The influence of the angle value on the accuracy of determining the coordinates by the sine theorem is investigated and the possibility of optimizing the determination of coordinates by the method of inverse linear-angular serif by the formulas of cosines and sines is investigated [Litynskyi, 2019]. Method. Establishing a mathematical interconnection between measured values (distances and angles) with the required (flat coordinates of a point), differentiation and finding the minima of functions. Results.There were five formulas selected, of which six combinations had been created to calculate the increments of coordinates and to estimate their accuracy. Numerical experiments show that neither method has a significant advantage, which is supported by the results presented in the graphs and tables. It is worth noting one feature of the second method - in which it is possible to determine the increments of coordinates with an accuracy that exceeds the accuracy of measuring the sides. The possibility of optimizing the coordinate increments determination due to the choice of calculation formulas is considered. The possibility of increasing the accuracy of determination of the coordinates increments using different calculation formulas is researched. Consequently, it is suggested to optimize the choice of calculation formulas depending on the position of the desired point. The results of these studies can be used to create electronic total station or laser tracker application software in order to improve the accuracy of coordinate determination.
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Kazachenko, Ludmila, Vladyslav Kazachenko, and Tetyana Zhidkova. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 94, 2021, no. 94 (December 28, 2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.94.029.
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The development of exogenous processes on the Earth's surface is a large-scale problem. Due to the development of exogenous processes there are changes in the composition and structure of the earth's crust and its surface. The destruction of streets, houses and public buildings, roads and railways leads to enormous losses. To predict the development of soil degradation, erosion processes on agricultural lands, which lose annual production areas, leads to the formation of a ravine-beam system and reduces the productive amount of land owned by citizens – is a solution. The use of GIS technologies, remote sensing of the Earth and modern programming can partially solve the problem, as it is a rapid identification of areas that have undergone the process of soil degradation and possible prediction of the development of negative phenomena. The use of geodetic software, GIS, information layers of the Public cadastral map can help in the fastest finding of territories, development of the forecast of the further destructive action, development of the corresponding protective methods and their introduction. The areas with manifestations of exogenous processes - soil degradation in agricultural enterprises, where every year the area of highly fertile chernozems is lost, which leads to large losses and landslides in the forest-steppe and steppe settlements of Kharkiv region have been subject of our study. We investigated destructive processes by geodetic measurements in the territories of their manifestations, observations were carried out for 8 years. The development of exogenous processes on the Earth's surface was revealed, which was manifested in landslides in the settlements of the forest-steppe zone and degradation of agricultural lands in the steppe and forest-steppe part of Kharkiv region. The cause of the destruction of the earth's surface were factors independent of human activity. We built 3-D models of development of exogenous processes manifested in soil erosion and growth of the ravine-beam system and determined the degree of erosion after surveying and processing the results of geodetic measurements in the software Digitals. For 8 years, we made changes to the software, surveying the area and building a monitoring line. Also in the settlements on the territory of the two zones, we observed the development of landslides on the streets of the village. Milova and s. Nova Vasylivka, where there is an intensive development of exogenous processes. The use of GIS technologies and remote sensing of the Earth to monitor the development of exogenous processes simplifies the solution.