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Journal articles on the topic 'Aerial sample plot'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Hoxha, Besim. "Two-phased inventory of standing volume in mountain forests with the use of aerial photographs." Folia Forestalia, Series A - Forestry 54(2) (July 1, 2012): 123–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.30736.

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This study aimed to elaborate and develop the existing methods used in inventorying lowland forest and adapt them for mountainous forests. The inventory of mountain forests with the use of CIR aerial photographs in this study relied on the implementation of the 3D (three-dimensional) methods and it was characterised by two phases. In the 1st p hase the auxiliary variables (e.g. crown cover, height of dominant trees, density) were measured on the aerial photographs (355 circular plots). Variable of interest (standing volume) was recorded during the terrestrial survey on the corresponding ground

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Saukkola, Atte, Timo Melkas, Kirsi Riekki, et al. "Predicting Forest Inventory Attributes Using Airborne Laser Scanning, Aerial Imagery, and Harvester Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 7 (2019): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070797.

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The aim of the study was to develop a new method to use tree stem information recorded by harvesters along operative logging in remote sensing-based prediction of forest inventory attributes in mature stands. The reference sample plots were formed from harvester data, using two different tree positions: harvester positions (XYH) in global satellite navigation system and computationally improved harvester head positions (XYHH). Study materials consisted of 158 mature Norway-spruce-dominated stands located in Southern Finland that were clear-cut during 2015–16. Tree attributes were derived from

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Tuominen, Sakari, Stuart Fish, and Simo Poso. "Combining remote sensing, data from earlier inventories, and geostatistical interpolation in multisource forest inventory." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 4 (2003): 624–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-199.

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Multisource forest inventory with two-phase sampling offers several advantages in the forest management planning when compared with the traditional visual inventory by stands. For example, by combining data from remote sensing imagery with field measurements, it is possible to estimate the forest characteristics of large areas at a more reasonable cost than by using the traditional visual inventory by stands. In this study, the k-nearest-neighbours estimation (k-nn), stand inventory data, and geostatistical interpolation were combined for estimation of five forest variables (mean diameter, mea

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Leboeuf, Antoine, Martin Riopel, Dave Munger, Marie-Soleil Fradette, and Jean Bégin. "Modeling Merchantable Wood Volume Using Airborne LiDAR Metrics and Historical Forest Inventory Plots at a Provincial Scale." Forests 13, no. 7 (2022): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13070985.

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So far, large-scale projects aiming to map forest attributes using aerial LiDAR data have been developed using ground sample plots acquired synchronously with LiDAR. No large projects have been developed using aerial LiDAR acquired independent of ground sample plot datasets. The goal of this study was to develop and validate large-scale parametric merchantable wood volume estimation models using existing historical ground sample plots. The models can be applied to large LiDAR datasets to map merchantable wood volume as a 10 × 10 m raster. The study demonstrated that a relative density index (R

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Packalé n, Petteri, and Matti Maltamo. "Predicting the Plot Volume by Tree Species Using Airborne Laser Scanning and Aerial Photographs." Forest Science 52, no. 6 (2006): 611–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/52.6.611.

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Abstract Several studies have indicated that forest characteristics can be accurately predicted using airborne laser scanner (ALS) data, but there are very few studies in which species-specific forest characteristics have been estimated. This article compares two approaches for determining species-specific volumes at plot level by combining ALS data with aerial photographs. The first approach consists of two stages: (1) prediction of total volume using ALS data, and (2) assignment of this total volume to tree species by fuzzy classification and aerial photographs, in which three fuzzy classifi

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Pfannenstiel, R. S., R. L. Meagher, and R. R. Saldana. "Aerial Insecticide Evaluation Against Mexican Rice Borer on Sugarcane, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (1990): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.291.

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Abstract Foliar spray concentrates were applied aerially to a field of 4th ratoon sugarcane in Cameron Co., near Bluetown, TX. The field was sectioned in plots consisting of 33 rows (60-inch centers) × 1530 ft, with the 11 treated rows in the center, and 11 buffer rows on either side. Insecticide treatments were randomly assigned to plots in a complete block design with 4 replications. Each spray was applied to the crop canopy on 55-ft swath widths (11 rows) at a rate of 5 gal finished formulation (material + water)/acre. Prespray counts of above-ground bored internodes and stalks containing i

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Patterson, Paul L., and Michael S. Williams. "Effects of Registration Errors Between Remotely Sensed and Ground Data on Estimators of Forest Area." Forest Science 49, no. 1 (2003): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/49.1.110.

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Abstract The estimation of area by land cover type is a key component of most large-scale forest inventories. Historically, these estimates were derived from a large sample of points, taken from aerial photos, followed by a smaller sample of ground points, which were used to correct errors in the classification of the aerial photo points. There has been interest in replacing aerial photography with satellite imagery. One problem with using satellite imagery is the registration errors between a pixel and a plot or a point on the ground. The estimators and modes of inference can differ substanti

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Pereira, Janielle Souza, Gabriel Araújo e. Silva Ferraz, and Lucas Santos Santana. "Aerial images to monitor grapevine vegetative growth." Revista Engenharia na Agricultura - REVENG 30 (June 20, 2022): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v30i1.13390.

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Images obtained by Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) used to monitor the crop can help evaluate leaf mass, plant formation, and plant population. In this context, the objectives of this study were to analyze plant growth in a grapevine crop trained in the trellis system, detect failures and determine the plant covered area using images obtained by RPA. The flight was parameterized with frontal overlap of 75%, lateral overlap of 70%, Ground Sample Distance (GSD) of 60 m, and flight speed of 5 m.s-1, using a sensor in the visible range. Processed images showed a stand 3% smaller than projected, an

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9

Zeng, Guanzhong, Jiaqi Xu, Wei Zhang, and Bin Wang. "Tree species identification and health assessment of forest sample plots based on UAV hyperspectral remote sensing technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2621, no. 1 (2023): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2621/1/012001.

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Abstract National forest resource information is an important part of national basic information in many countries, sample plot survey is the main means to obtain this information. With the progress of science and technology and social development, the demand for cost saving and scientific and technological innovation has led to the wide application of UAV remote sensing in forest resource survey. This study introduced the practice of UAV hyperspectral remote sensing survey in Yicheng, Hubei Province, described in detail how to realize tree species identification and health assessment in fores

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MacLean, David A., and Wayne E. MacKinnon. "Accuracy of aerial sketch-mapping estimates of spruce budworm defoliation in New Brunswick." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 12 (1996): 2099–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-238.

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The accuracy of aerial sketch-mapping estimates of spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.)) defoliation was evaluated from 1984 to 1993 in 222–325 sample plots in spruce (Picea sp.)–balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) stands in New Brunswick. Operational aerial defoliation estimates were used, wherein all productive forest in known budworm infestation zones was surveyed each year from small aircraft with flight lines 2–5 km apart, and rated in classes of nil (0–10%), light (11–30%), moderate (31–70%), and severe (71–100%). Aerial defoliation estimates were compared with ground-based

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Stellingwerf, D. A., and A. de Gier. "Monitoring changes in timber volume using aerial photo plots and field plots in a two-phase sampling design." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 36, no. 2 (1988): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v36i2.16685.

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Standing timber volume and mean periodic volume increment (of Norway spruce - Picea abies - age 40-100 yr) were determined over a period of 10 yr (1974-84) in a 3000 ha forest area in Austria. The results of a Two-Phase Linear Regression Sampling (TPLRS) method (using 112 circular photo plots in the first phase, and 55 dependent field plots in the second phase, each covering 0.05 ha) were compared with those of a Simple Random Sample (SRS) of only field plots (112). The crown cover percentages per plot were taken as independent variables in the TPLRS. They were stereoscopically determined on 1

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Kubišta, Jaroslav, and Peter Surový. "Individual Tree Identification in ULS Point Clouds Using a Crown Width Mixed-Effects Model Based on NFI Data." Remote Sensing 14, no. 4 (2022): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14040926.

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A linear mixed-effects model was used to relate crown width to height using an inventory plot as a random effect for trees in Czechia based on data from the National Forest Inventory (NFI). This model was used to estimate window size for a local maximum filter procedure (LMF) to detect individual tree tops in unmanned aerial laser scanning (ULS) point clouds of mixed species forest stands with diverse structures. Random model parameters were estimated for the study site based on several sample trees. Models calibrated with five or more samples achieved significantly better results (mean percen

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Nugraini, R. A., and A. B. Sekaranom. "Estimation of Above and Below Ground Carbon Stock in Baros Mangrove Conservation Area, Bantul Regency – Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1443, no. 1 (2025): 012030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1443/1/012030.

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Abstract Mangroves are vital coastal ecosystems that provide numerous ecological benefits, including carbon sequestration, which plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change. The Baros Mangrove Conservation Area in Bantul Regency is an essential site for studying these valuable ecosystems, given its diverse mangrove species and varying age structures. This study aims to determine the distribution of mangrove species and estimate the above-ground carbon (AGC) and below-ground carbon (BGC) stock values in the Baros Mangrove Conservation Area, Bantul Regency. Data were collected using purpos

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Vargas, Charot M., Muditha K. Heenkenda, and Kerin F. Romero. "Estimating the Aboveground Fresh Weight of Sugarcane Using Multispectral Images and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)." Land 13, no. 5 (2024): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13050611.

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This study aimed to develop a remote sensing method for estimating the aboveground fresh weight (AGFW) of sugarcane using multispectral images and light detection and ranging (LiDAR). Remotely sensed data were acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone). Sample plots were harvested and the AGFW of each plot was measured. Sugarcane crown heights and volumes were obtained by isolating individual tree crowns using a LiDAR-derived digital surface model of the area. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models were tested for the field-sampled AGFWs (depe

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Valdivia, Sergio, Jorge Pinna, and Sergio Valdivia Salazar. "Extraction of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ in saline soil by mono or multi-germ sugar beet." Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia 42, no. 1 (2025): e244214. https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v42.n1.xiv.

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Approximately 33 % of surface of irrigated valleys in Peruvian northern coast, has a bad drainage or salinity problem. Sugar beet has good yields in those soils (90 t.ha-1). The objective of present work was to know if in those soils there is a relationship between soil K, Ca, Mg, Na, and its extraction by sugar beet, and if they contribute with crop salinity tolerance. Experiment was made in Chicama valley, with randomized complete block design, ten treatments: five multi-germ cultivars, five monogerm; six replications. In each plot five soil sub-samples were taken, mixed in the field making

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Massey, Alexander, Daniel Mandallaz, and Adrian Lanz. "Integrating remote sensing and past inventory data under the new annual design of the Swiss National Forest Inventory using three-phase design-based regression estimation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 10 (2014): 1177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0152.

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In 2009, the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI) turned from a periodic into an annual measurement design in which only one-ninth of the overall sample of permanent plots is measured every year. The reduction in sample size due to the implementation of the annual design results in an unacceptably large increase in variance when using the standard simple random sampling estimator. Thus, a flexible estimation procedure using two- and three-phase regression estimators is presented with a special focus on utilizing updating techniques to account for disturbances and growth and is applied to the

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Saarinen, N., M. Vastaranta, R. Näsi, et al. "UAV-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRIC POINT CLOUDS AND HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING FOR MAPPING BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS IN BOREAL FORESTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W3 (October 20, 2017): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w3-171-2017.

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Biodiversity is commonly referred to as species diversity but in forest ecosystems variability in structural and functional characteristics can also be treated as measures of biodiversity. Small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide a means for characterizing forest ecosystem with high spatial resolution, permitting measuring physical characteristics of a forest ecosystem from a viewpoint of biodiversity. The objective of this study is to examine the applicability of photogrammetric point clouds and hyperspectral imaging acquired with a small UAV helicopter in mapping biodiversity indicators

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Hu, Yawei, Ruoxiu Sun, Miaomiao He, et al. "Estimating Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Carbon Storage in Roinia pseudoacacia Plantations in the Caijiachuan Watershed Using Sample Plots and Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle-Borne Laser Scanning Data." Remote Sensing 17, no. 8 (2025): 1365. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17081365.

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Forest ecosystems play a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle and climate change mitigation. Forest aboveground biomass (AGB), a critical indicator of carbon storage and sequestration capacity, has garnered significant attention in ecological research. Recently, uncrewed aerial vehicle-borne laser scanning (ULS) technology has emerged as a promising tool for rapidly acquiring three-dimensional spatial information on AGB and vegetation carbon storage. This study evaluates the applicability and accuracy of UAV-LiDAR technology in estimating the spatiotemporal dynamics of AGB and vegetation ca

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Beyerlein, Patrick, and Henrique dos Santos Pereira. "Morphological diversity and identification key for landraces of the Amerindian yam in central Amazon." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 53, no. 4 (2018): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2018000400002.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to select an optimal set of morphological descriptors, in order to characterize the phenotipical diversity of Amerindian yam (Dioscorea trifida) landraces cultivated in the municipality of Caapiranga, in the central Amazon region of Brazil, and to develop a botanical identification key for them. A collection of 140 accessions and an experimental plot with a representative sample of 20 landraces were used to test 64 morphological descriptors for the aerial and subterranean plant parts. Forty-eight descriptors were selected, of which 13 were for tubers, 1

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Liu, Xin, Yuanshuo Hao, Faris Rafi Almay Widagdo, Longfei Xie, Lihu Dong, and Fengri Li. "Predicting Height to Crown Base of Larix olgensis in Northeast China Using UAV-LiDAR Data and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (2021): 1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091834.

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As a core content of forest management, the height to crown base (HCB) model can provide a theoretical basis for the study of forest growth and yield. In this study, 8364 trees of Larix olgensis within 118 sample plots from 11 sites were measured to establish a two-level nonlinear mixed effect (NLME) HCB model. All predictors were derived from an unmanned aerial vehicle light detection and ranging (UAV-LiDAR) laser scanning system, which is reliable for extensive forest measurement. The effects of the different individual trees, stand factors, and their combinations on the HCB were analyzed, a

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Puliti, Stefano, Johannes Breidenbach, and Rasmus Astrup. "Estimation of Forest Growing Stock Volume with UAV Laser Scanning Data: Can It Be Done without Field Data?" Remote Sensing 12, no. 8 (2020): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12081245.

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Laser scanning data from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV-LS) offer new opportunities to estimate forest growing stock volume ( V ) exclusively based on the UAV-LS data. We propose a method to measure tree attributes and using these measurements to estimate V without the use of field data for calibration. The method consists of five steps: i) Using UAV-LS data, tree crowns are automatically identified and segmented wall-to-wall. ii) From all detected tree crowns, a sample is taken where diameter at breast height (DBH) can be recorded reliably as determined by visual assessment in the UAV-LS data.

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Mendes, Thallita R. S., Eder P. Miguel, Pedro G. A. Vasconcelos, et al. "Use of aerial image in the estimation of volume and biomass of Eucalyptus sp. forest stand." February 2020, no. 14(02):2020 (February 20, 2020): 286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.02.p2183.

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Assessing forest stands is crucial for managing and planning the use of these resources. Forest inventory is the instrument that provides information about the stand situation, which can be costly and time consuming. In order to facilitate and reduce the time spent obtaining these data, the main objective of this work was to evaluate the accuracy of volume and biomass estimates per unit area with data from remote sensing. Forty sample units were allocated and georeferenced, in which all trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were inventoried. Sequentially, the cubage was performed i

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Phillips, Xavier A., Yuba R. Kandel, Mark A. Licht, and Daren S. Mueller. "Estimating Soybean Radiation Use Efficiency Using a UAV in Iowa." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (2020): 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10122002.

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Radiation use efficiency (RUE) is difficult to estimate and unreasonable to perform on a small plot scale using traditional techniques. However, the increased availability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) provides the ability to collect spatial and temporal data at high resolution and frequency, which has made a potential workaround. An experiment was completed in Iowa to (i) demonstrate RUE estimation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] from reflectance data derived from consumer-grade UAV imagery and (ii) investigate the impact of foliar fungicides on RUE in Iowa. Some fungicides are promo

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Velasco-Bautista, Efrain, Antonio Gonzalez-Hernandez, Martin Enrique Romero-Sanchez, Vidal Guerra-De La Cruz, and Ramiro Perez-Miranda. "Does It Matter Whether to Use Circular or Square Plots in Forest Inventories? A Multivariate Comparison." Forests 15, no. 11 (2024): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15111847.

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The design of a sampling unit, whether a simple plot or a subplot within a clustered structure, including shape and size, has received little attention in inferential forestry research. The use of auxiliary variables from remote sensing impacts the precision of estimators from both model-assisted and model-based inference perspectives. In both cases, model parameters are estimated from a sample of field plots and information from pixels corresponding to these units. In studies assisted by remote sensing, the shape of the plot used to fit regression models (typically circular) often differs fro

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Gao, Sha, Shu Gan, Xiping Yuan, et al. "Experimental Study on 3D Measurement Accuracy Detection of Low Altitude UAV for Repeated Observation of an Invariant Surface." Processes 10, no. 1 (2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10010004.

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Low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry combined with structure-from-motion (SFM) algorithms is the latest technological approach to imaging 3D stereo constructions. At present, derivative products have been widely used in landslide monitoring, landscape evolution, glacier movement, volume measurement, and landscape change detection. However, there is still a lack of research into the accuracy of 3D data positioning based on the structure-from-motion of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV-SFM) technology, itself, which can affect the measurable effectiveness of the results in furthe

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Llausàs, Albert, Angela Hof, Nils Wolf, David Saurí, and Alexander Siegmund. "Applicability of cadastral data to support the estimation of water use in private swimming pools." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, no. 6 (2018): 1165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808318756370.

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Studies addressing outdoor water use in residential areas rely on surveying methods, the manual digitization of aerial imagery and remote sensing-based approaches to estimate water consumption by different land uses. Publicly available cadastral data potentially offer a more efficient avenue for researchers to obtain information on land use parameters, but few assessments of their quality and applicability have been conducted. A sample of three local areas, encompassing more than 12,000 plots in low-density residential areas and representative of different socioeconomic profiles, were selected

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Liao, Kuo, Yunhe Li, Bingzhang Zou, Dengqiu Li, and Dengsheng Lu. "Examining the Role of UAV Lidar Data in Improving Tree Volume Calculation Accuracy." Remote Sensing 14, no. 17 (2022): 4410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14174410.

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Traditional forest inventories are based on field surveys of established sample plots, which involve field measurements of individual trees within a sample plot and the selection of proper allometric equations for tree volume calculation. Thus, accurate field measurements and properly selected allometric equations are two crucial factors for providing high-quality tree volumes. One key problem is the difficulty in accurately acquiring tree height data, resulting in high uncertainty in tree volume calculation when the diameter at breast height (DBH) alone is used. This study examined the uncert

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Klock, Angela M., Sebastian Busby, and Jeremy S. Fried. "It’s about Time: A Method for Estimating Wildfire Arrival and Weather Conditions at Field-Sampled Locations." Fire 6, no. 9 (2023): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6090360.

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Weather conditions at the time of wildfire front arrival strongly influence fire behavior and effects, yet few methods exist for estimating weather conditions more spatio-temporally resolved than coarse-grain (e.g., 4 km) daily averages. When a fire front advances rapidly and weather conditions are heterogeneous over space and time, greater spatio-temporal precision is required to accurately link fire weather to observed fire effects. To identify the influence of fire weather on fire effects observed across a sample of existing forest inventory plots during a wind-driven megafire event in the

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Desaine, I., E. Bāders, E. Romāns, O. Krišāns, A. Seipulis, and Ā. Jansons. "THE DETECTION OF DISTURBANCE EFFECTS OF NORWAY SPRUCE (<i>PICEA ABIES</i> (L.) KARST.) IN UAV MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-3-2022 (May 17, 2022): 689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-3-2022-689-2022.

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Abstract. This study analyses spectral separability of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees several months after induction of mechanical damage (a simulated wind damage), and one year after the damage – at the beginning of vegetation season and then following a period of drought. Experiment includes sample group of trees (Bent trees) over three plots that underwent static pulling test, therefore simulating survival after storm event. They were compared to a group of trees of the same dimensions that did not undergo static pulling test (Control trees). Spectral reflectance data was col

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Ding, Jie, Zhipeng Li, Heyu Zhang, Pu Zhang, Xiaoming Cao, and Yiming Feng. "Quantifying the Aboveground Biomass (AGB) of Gobi Desert Shrub Communities in Northwestern China Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) RGB Images." Land 11, no. 4 (2022): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11040543.

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Shrubs are an important part of the Gobi Desert ecosystem, and their aboveground biomass (AGB) is an important manifestation of the productivity of the Gobi Desert ecosystem. Characterizing the biophysical properties of low-stature vegetation such as shrubs in the Gobi Desert via conventional field surveys and satellite remote sensing images is challenging. The AGB of shrubs had been estimated from spectral variables taken from high-resolution images obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the Gobi Desert, Xinjiang, China, using vegetation feature metrics. The main results were as follows

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Liu, Yang, Yu Shan, Hong Ying, et al. "Examining the Angular Effects of UAV-LS on Vegetation Metrics Using a Framework for Mediating Effects." Forests 13, no. 8 (2022): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13081221.

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Discrete point cloud data from unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning (UAV-LS) can provide information on the three-dimensional structure of a forest, the leaf area index (LAI) at the landscape or sample plot scales, the distribution of the vertical forest structure at a fine resolution, and other information. The retrieved parameters, however, may be affected in a non-negligible way by the inclusion of scan angle information. In this study, we introduced a relational model that encompasses the angular effect, predicted the mechanism of this effect, and extracted the vegetation structure indic

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Mohan, Midhun, Rodrigo Vieira Leite, Eben North Broadbent, et al. "Individual tree detection using UAV-lidar and UAV-SfM data: A tutorial for beginners." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (2021): 1028–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0290.

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Abstract Applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have proliferated in the last decade due to the technological advancements on various fronts such as structure-from-motion (SfM), machine learning, and robotics. An important preliminary step with regard to forest inventory and management is individual tree detection (ITD), which is required to calculate forest attributes such as stem volume, forest uniformity, and biomass estimation. However, users may find adopting the UAVs and algorithms for their specific projects challenging due to the plethora of information available. Herein, we p

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Ghasemi, Marziye, Hooman Latifi, and Mehdi Pourhashemi. "A Novel Method for Detecting and Delineating Coppice Trees in UAV Images to Monitor Tree Decline." Remote Sensing 14, no. 23 (2022): 5910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14235910.

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Monitoring tree decline in arid and semi-arid zones requires methods that can provide up-to-date and accurate information on the health status of the trees at single-tree and sample plot levels. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are considered as cost-effective and efficient tools to study tree structure and health at small scale, on which detecting and delineating tree crowns is the first step to extracting varied subsequent information. However, one of the major challenges in broadleaved tree cover is still detecting and delineating tree crowns in images. The frequent dominance of coppice stru

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Herwitz, Stanley R., Robert E. Slye, and Stephen M. Turton. "Redefining the ecological niche of a tropical rain forest canopy tree species using airborne imagery: long-term crown dynamics of Toona ciliata." Journal of Tropical Ecology 14, no. 5 (1998): 683–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467498000480.

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Past controlled growth experiments indicate that the seedling and sapling responses of the tropical rainforest canopy tree species Toona ciliata are most consistent with a light-demanding, early successional pioneer. This ecological niche assignment was tested in the mature stage of its life cycle after it achieves a position in the upper canopy. Mortality, survivorship and crown growth rates over the 18-y period 1976–1994 were measured using co-registered repeat airborne stereophotographic coverage of a representative forest stand in northeast Queensland, Australia, where T. ciliata had the f

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Wang, Zhengyu, Lubei Yi, Wenqiang Xu, Xueting Zheng, Shimei Xiong, and Anming Bao. "Integration of UAV and GF-2 Optical Data for Estimating Aboveground Biomass in Spruce Plantations in Qinghai, China." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (2023): 9700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129700.

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More refined and economical aboveground biomass (AGB) monitoring techniques are needed because of the growing significance of spruce plantations in climate change mitigation programs. Due to the challenges of conducting field surveys, such as the potential inaccessibility and high cost, this study proposes a convenient and efficient alternative to traditional field surveys that integrates Gaofen-2 (GF-2) satellite optical images and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-acquired optical and point cloud data to provide a reliable and refined estimation of the aboveground biomass (AGB) in spruce plantat

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Rodrigues, Marcos Odilon Dias, Antônio Clementino dos Santos, Perlon Maia dos Santos, Jhone Talison Lira de Sousa, Emersom Alexandrino, and Jose Geraldo Donizette dos Santos. "Mombasa grass characterisation at different heights of grazing in an intercropping system with Babassu and monoculture." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 4 (2016): 2085. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4p2085.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate agronomic and structural traits, as well as root mass, of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa in different conditions of animal grazing in the same pasture in a monoculture system and a Pasture-Forestry Intercropping System (intercropped with Babassu palm trees). Evaluations were performed from December 2012 to February 2013. The systems were kept under continuous grazing with sheep (20 kg live weight on average) throughout the evaluation period. The design was completely randomised into split plots, in which each plot was the system and the subplots were grazing

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Taylor, Sarah L., and David A. MacLean. "Legacy of Insect Defoliators: Increased Wind-Related Mortality Two Decades After a Spruce Budworm Outbreak." Forest Science 55, no. 3 (2009): 256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/55.3.256.

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Abstract Effects of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) outbreaks on growth and survival of balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill.) and spruce (Picea spp.) are well documented, but few studies extend beyond 10 years after defoliation ceased. We used inventory data from 106 permanent sample plots in &gt;50-year-old balsam fir stands in northern New Brunswick, Canada, to determine legacy effects of the 1969–1993 budworm outbreak on stand development up to 29 years after defoliation ceased. Defoliation data were from annual aerial surveys from 1945 to 1993 and plot ground sampling

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Shamaoma, Hastings, Paxie W. Chirwa, Abel Ramoelo, Andrew T. Hudak, and Stephen Syampungani. "The Application of UASs in Forest Management and Monitoring: Challenges and Opportunities for Use in the Miombo Woodland." Forests 13, no. 11 (2022): 1812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111812.

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The Miombo woodland is the most extensive tropical woodland in south-central Africa. However, field sample plot data on forest cover changes, species distribution and carbon stocks in the Miombo ecoregion are inadequate for effective forest management. Owing to logistical challenges that come with field-based inventory methods, remote sensing plays an important role in supplementing field methods to fill in data gaps. Traditional satellite and manned aircraft remote sensing platforms have their own advantages and limitations. The advent of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) has made it possible to

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Brown, Leslie R., Itumeleng P. Magagula, and Alan S. Barrett. "A vegetation classification and description of Telperion Nature Reserve, Mpumalanga, South Africa." Vegetation Classification and Survey 3 (November 3, 2022): 199–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vcs.85209.

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Aims: This study identified, classified and mapped the different plant communities found on the Telperion Nature Reserve. Study area: Telperion Nature Reserve, Mpumulanga, South Africa. Methods: Using a 1:10,000 aerial photograph, Telperion was delineated into homogenous physiognomic-physiographic units. 294 sample plots (100 m2) were placed in a randomly stratified manner within identified homogenous units. Plant species present in sample plots were recorded and allocated a modified Braun-Blanquet cover abundance scale value. Sample plot data were captured into TURBOVEG and exported for editi

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Brown, Leslie R., Itumeleng P. Magagula, and Alan S. Barrett. "A vegetation classification and description of Telperion Nature Reserve, Mpumalanga, South Africa." Vegetation Classification and Survey 3 (November 3, 2022): 199–219. https://doi.org/10.3897/VCS.85209.

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Aims: This study identified, classified and mapped the different plant communities found on the Telperion Nature Reserve. Study area: Telperion Nature Reserve, Mpumulanga, South Africa. Methods: Using a 1:10,000 aerial photograph, Telperion was delineated into homogenous physiognomic-physiographic units. 294 sample plots (100 m<sup>2</sup>) were placed in a randomly stratified manner within identified homogenous units. Plant species present in sample plots were recorded and allocated a modified Braun-Blanquet cover abundance scale value. Sample plot data were captured into TURBOVEG and exporte

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Yrttimaa, Tuomas, Ninni Saarinen, Ville Kankare, et al. "Multisensorial Close-Range Sensing Generates Benefits for Characterization of Managed Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Stands." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 5 (2020): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050309.

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Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) provides a detailed three-dimensional representation of surrounding forest structures. However, due to close-range hemispherical scanning geometry, the ability of TLS technique to comprehensively characterize all trees, and especially upper parts of forest canopy, is often limited. In this study, we investigated how much forest characterization capacity can be improved in managed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands if TLS point clouds are complemented with photogrammetric point clouds acquired from above the canopy using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In th

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BARNOAIEA, Ionuţ, Ciprian PALAGHIANU, and Marian DRĂGOI. "Combining visual interpretation and image segmentation to derive canopy cover index from high resolution satellite imagery in functionally diverse coniferous forests." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 52, no. 1 (2024): 13637. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha52113637.

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Forest canopy cover is one of the most significant structural parameters of the forest stand that can be estimated using of aerial and satellite remote sensing. Even though sub-pixel analysis can be used to estimate the index on low-resolution imagery, high-resolution imagery provides more accurate details on forest canopy variability for ecological and forestry applications. However, the high variability of the images demands a more advanced approach to canopy cover measurement than the visual interpretation of single images or stereo pairs. These traditional methods are inefficient and limit

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Gordon, Riet, Ueli Bühler, and Jürg Zinggeler. "Änderung der Waldinventurmethode im Kanton Graubünden | Modification of the Forest Inventory Method in the Canton of Grisons, Switzerland." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 151, no. 5 (2000): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2000.0165.

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The new planning concept in the canton of Grisons, consisting of regional development plans and local management plans, affects information needs and thus the previous inventory method. Information on forest condition and forest dynamics is needed both at the regional and at the management level. Where the management level is concerned, the information needed is gained by means of a detailed description of each stand. To support the decision on the future inventory method at the regional level, a pilot inventory was conducted, using the method of the second National Forest Inventory (NFI 2). T

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Guo, Xuzhan, Qingwang Liu, Ram P. Sharma, et al. "Tree Recognition on the Plantation Using UAV Images with Ultrahigh Spatial Resolution in a Complex Environment." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (2021): 4122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204122.

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The survival rate of seedlings is a decisive factor of afforestation assessment. Generally, ground checking is more accurate than any other methods. However, the survival rate of seedlings can be higher in the growing season, and this can be estimated in a larger area at a relatively lower cost by extracting the tree crown from the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images, which provides an opportunity for monitoring afforestation in an extensive area. At present, studies on extracting individual tree crowns under the complex ground vegetation conditions are limited. Based on the afforestation ima

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Dong, Chen, Chongyuan Cai, Sheng Chen, et al. "Crown Width Extraction of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Using Improved YOLOv7 Based on UAV Images." Drones 7, no. 6 (2023): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7060336.

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With the progress of computer vision and the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), UAVs have been widely used in forest resource investigation and tree feature extraction. In the field of crown width measurement, the use of traditional manual measurement methods is time-consuming and costly and affects factors such as terrain and weather. Although the crown width extraction method based on the segmentation of UAV images that have recently risen in popularity extracts a large amount of information, it consumes long amounts of time for dataset establishment and segmentation. This paper

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Mielcarek, Miłosz, Agnieszka Kamińska, and Krzysztof Stereńczak. "Digital Aerial Photogrammetry (DAP) and Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) as Sources of Information about Tree Height: Comparisons of the Accuracy of Remote Sensing Methods for Tree Height Estimation." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (2020): 1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111808.

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The rapid developments in the field of digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP) in recent years have increased interest in the application of DAP data for extracting three-dimensional (3D) models of forest canopies. This technology, however, still requires further investigation to confirm its reliability in estimating forest attributes in complex forest conditions. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of tree height estimation based on a crown height model (CHM) generated from the difference between a DAP-derived digital surface model (DSM) and an airborne laser scanning (ALS

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Jurjević, Luka, Mateo Gašparović, Anita Simic Milas, and Ivan Balenović. "Impact of UAS Image Orientation on Accuracy of Forest Inventory Attributes." Remote Sensing 12, no. 3 (2020): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030404.

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The quality and accuracy of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) products greatly depend on the methods used to define image orientations before they are used to create 3D point clouds. While most studies were conducted in non- or partially-forested areas, a limited number of studies have evaluated the spatial accuracy of UAS products derived by using different image block orientation methods in forested areas. In this study, three image orientation methods were used and compared: (a) the Indirect Sensor Orientation (InSO) method with five irregularly distributed Ground Control Points (GCPs); (b) the

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Düggelin, Christoph, and Meinrad Abegg. "Modelle zur Biomasse- und Holzvolumenschätzung im Schweizer Gebüschwald | Modelling of biomass and wood volume in Swiss shrub forest." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 162, no. 2 (2011): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2011.0032.

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The results of the third National Forest Inventory indicate that shrub forest accounts for 5% of the total forest area in Switzerland. It grows almost exclusively in the subalpine zone and is dominated by the woody species Alnus viridis and Pinus mugo prostrata. As a consequence of global warming and the increasing demand for sustainable energy, there is a national and international interest to quantify wood volume and biomass in shrub forests. Therefore representative coppice shoots were measured in detail to establish allometric volume and biomass functions for Alnus viridis, Pinus mugo pros

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Gilliam, Frank S., Bradley M. Yurish, and Mary Beth Adams. "Ecosystem nutrient responses to chronic nitrogen inputs at Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 2 (1996): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-023.

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Among the current environmental concerns for forests of the eastern United States is nitrogen (N) saturation, a result of excessive inputs of N associated with acidic deposition. We studied nutrient responses on N-treated and untreated watersheds of the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, to test for evidence of N saturation on the treated watershed. The watersheds were WS7 (23-year-old even-aged control), WS4 (mature mixed-aged control), and WS3 (23-year-old even-aged treatment). WS3 has received aerial applications of (NH4)2SO4 from 1989 to the present (a total of 4 years for the stud

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Gad, Haidy A., Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva, Stefan Böhmdorfer, et al. "GC-MS Based Identification of the Volatile Components of Six Astragalus Species from Uzbekistan and Their Biological Activity." Plants 10, no. 1 (2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010124.

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The compositions of volatile components in the aerial parts of six Astragalus species, namely A. campylotrichus (Aca), A. chiwensis (Ach), A. lehmannianus (Ale), A. macronyx (Ama), A. mucidus (Amu) and A. sieversianus (Asi), were investigated using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Ninety-seven metabolites were identified, accounting for 73.28, 87.03, 74.38, 87.93, 85.83, and 91.39% of Aca, Ach, Ale, Ama, Amu and Asi whole oils, respectively. Sylvestrene was the most predominant component in Asi, Amu and Ama, with highest concentration in Asi (64.64%). In addition, (E)-2-he

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