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Reinhardt, Ralf K. Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] [Bös. "Laufen macht schlau! : aerobes Ausdauer-Lauftraining, Genotyp und Kognition / Ralf K. Reinhardt. Betreuer: K. Bös." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1014099862/34.
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Reinhardt, Ralf K. [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Bös. "Laufen macht schlau! : aerobes Ausdauer-Lauftraining, Genotyp und Kognition / Ralf K. Reinhardt. Betreuer: K. Bös." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1014099862/34.
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Knoll, Arnd Jürgen. "Betrieb von Rührkesselbioreaktoren unter erhöhten Reaktordrücken." Berlin Pro Business, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988097656/04.
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Knoll, Arnd Jürgen. "Betrieb von Rührkesselbioreaktoren unter erhöhten Reaktordrücken /." Berlin : Pro Business, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988097656/04.
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Ji, Shuxin. "ELECTROSTATICALLY ACTIVE AEROGELS FOR AIR FILTRATION AND SYNTHESIS OF SYNDIOTATIC POLYSTYRENE AEROGEL MICROPARTICLES." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1497454993387357.
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Zera, E., W. Nickel, G. P. Hao, L. Vanzetti, Stefan Kaskel, and G. D. Sorarù. "Nitrogen doped carbide derived carbon aerogels by chlorine etching of a SiCN aerogel." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30313.
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Silicon was selectively removed from a silicon carbonitride (SiCN) aerogel by hot chlorine gas treatment, leading to a N-doped carbon aerogel (N-CDC aerogel). The combined effects of pyrolysis and etching temperature were studied with regard to the change in the composition of the material after etching as well as the microstructure of the produced hierarchically porous material. Upon removal of Si from amorphous SiCN, carbon and nitrogen, which are not bonded together in the starting material, react, creating new C–N bonds. The removal of silicon also gives rise to a high amount of micropores and hence a high specific surface area, which can be beneficial for the functionality of the carbonaceous material produced. The mesoporous structure of the aerogel allows us to complete the etching at low temperature, which was found to be a crucial parameter to maintain a high amount of nitrogen in the material. The combination of a high amount of micropores and the mesopore transport system is beneficial for adsorption processes due to the combination of a high amount of adsorption sites and effective transport properties of the material. The N-CDC aerogels were characterized by nitrogen physisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetry (TG/DTA), and infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT) and they were evaluated as CO2 absorbers and as electrodes for electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs).
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Zera, E., W. Nickel, G. P. Hao, L. Vanzetti, Stefan Kaskel, and G. D. Sorarù. "Nitrogen doped carbide derived carbon aerogels by chlorine etching of a SiCN aerogel." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-224321.
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Silicon was selectively removed from a silicon carbonitride (SiCN) aerogel by hot chlorine gas treatment, leading to a N-doped carbon aerogel (N-CDC aerogel). The combined effects of pyrolysis and etching temperature were studied with regard to the change in the composition of the material after etching as well as the microstructure of the produced hierarchically porous material. Upon removal of Si from amorphous SiCN, carbon and nitrogen, which are not bonded together in the starting material, react, creating new C–N bonds. The removal of silicon also gives rise to a high amount of micropores and hence a high specific surface area, which can be beneficial for the functionality of the carbonaceous material produced. The mesoporous structure of the aerogel allows us to complete the etching at low temperature, which was found to be a crucial parameter to maintain a high amount of nitrogen in the material. The combination of a high amount of micropores and the mesopore transport system is beneficial for adsorption processes due to the combination of a high amount of adsorption sites and effective transport properties of the material. The N-CDC aerogels were characterized by nitrogen physisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetry (TG/DTA), and infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT) and they were evaluated as CO2 absorbers and as electrodes for electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs).
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Weinitschke, Sonja. "Taurin und Ciliatin als Stickstoffquellen für Bakterien." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11513812.
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Cai, Bin. "Metallic hierarchical aerogels for electrocatalytic applications." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-229596.
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Progress in nanotechnology has promoted an increasing interest in the rational design of the emerging hierarchical aerogels, which represents a second stage of the NC-based aerogel research. By fine-tuning the surface properties of the backbones, metallic hierarchical aerogels are able to address the growing demands of advanced electrocatalysts. In this dissertation, three types of metallic hierarchical aerogels were designed by introducing different nanostructures (i.e. hollow, porous/dendritic and core-shell) and alloy effects (with noble or transition metals) into the aerogels. Thus, as a proof-of-concept for fuel cells, advanced electrocatalytic performances have been achieved on the resulting metallic hierarchical aerogels towards both anode (oxidation of ethanol) and cathode (reduction of oxygen) reactions.
First, alloyed PdxNi hollow nanospheres with controlled composition and shell thickness were utilized as building blocks for the design of hierarchical aerogels. The combination of transition-metal doping, hollow interior, as well as the 3D aerogel structure make the resulting aerogels promising electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation with a mass activity up to 5.6-fold higher than that of the Pd/C.
Second, continuously shape-engineering of the building blocks (ranging from hollow shells to dendritic shapes) was achieved by the synthesis of a series of multimetallic Ni-PdxPty hierarchical aerogels. By optimization of the nanoscale morphology and the chemical composition, the Ni-Pd60Pt40 aerogel exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activity for oxidation of ethanol. Moreover, the particle growth mechanism underlying the galvanic replacement was revealed in terms of nanowelding of the nanoparticulate reaction intermediates based on experimental and theoretical results. Third, a universal approach was demonstrated for core-shell structuring of metallic aerogels by coating of an ultrathin Pt shell on a composition-tunable Pd-based alloyed core. Their activities for oxygen reduction exhibit a volcano-type relationship as a function of the lattice parameter of the core substrate. Largely improved Pt utilization efficiency was accomplished based on the core-shell motifs, as the mass activity reaches 5.25 A mg-1Pt which are 18.7 times higher than those of Pt/C.
Different from the conventional aerogels with nanowire-like backbones, those hierarchical aerogels are generally comprised of at least two levels of architectures, i.e. an interconnected porous structure on the macroscale and a specially designed configuration at local backbones at the nanoscale. This combination “locks in” the inherent properties of the NCs, so that the beneficial genes obtained by nano-engineering are retained in the resulting monolithic hierarchical aerogels. These results expand the exploitation approach of the electrocatalytic properties of aerogels into morphology control of their NBBs and are of great importance for the future development of aerogels for many other electrochemical reactions.
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Cai, Bin, Dan Wen, Wei Liu, Anne-Kristin Herrmann, Albrecht Benad, and Alexander Eychmüller. "Function-led Design of Aerogels: Self-assembly of Alloyed PdNi Hollow Nanospheres for Efficient Electrocatalysis." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-208514.
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Amelioration of the building blocks is a plausible approach to graft aerogels with distinguished properties while preserving the aerogel superiority. However, the incorporation of designated properties into metallic aerogels, especially catalytically beneficial morphologies and transition metal doping, still remains a challenge. Here, we report on the first case of an aerogel electrocatalyst composed entirely of alloyed PdNi hollow nanospheres (HNSs) with controllable chemical composition and shell thickness. The synergy of the transition metal doping, combined with the hollow building blocks and the three dimensional network structure make the PdNi HNS aerogels promising electrocatalysts towards ethanol oxidation, among which the Pd83Ni17 HNS aerogel shows a 5.6-fold enhanced mass activity compared to commercial Pd/C. This work expands the exploitation approach of electrocatalytic properties of aerogels into morphology and composition control of its building blocks.
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Boday, Dylan Joseph. "SILICA AEROGEL-POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES AND NEW NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESES." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194891.
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Aerogels are extremely high surface area, low density materials with applications including thermal and acoustic insulators, radiation detectors and cometary dust particle traps. However, their low density and aggregate structure makes them extremely fragile and practically impossible to machine or handle without breaking. This has led to the development of aerogel composites with enhanced mechanical properties through the addition of polymers or surface modifiers. To date, attempts to strengthen aerogels have come with significant increases in density and processing time. Here I will describe our search for a solution to these problems with our invention using methyl cyanoacrylate chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to strengthen silica, aminated silica and bridged polysilsesquioxane aerogels. This approach led to a strength improvement of the composites within hours and the strongest composite prepared had a 100x strength improvement over the precursor aerogel. We also developed the first approach to control the molecular weight of the polymers that reinforce silica aerogels using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). Although PMMA reinforcement of silica aerogels improved the mechanical properties, further strength improvements were achieved by cross-linking the grafted PMMA. Additionally, we developed the first silica aerogels reinforced with polyaniline nanofibers that were strong and electrically conductive. Reinforcing silica aerogels with polyaniline allowed them to be used as a sensor for the detection of protonating and deprotonating gaseous species. Finally we developed a new approach for the synthesis of silica and bridged polysilsesquioxane spheres using a surfactant free synthesis. This approach allowed for the first in-situ incorporation of base sensitive functionalities during the sol-gel polymerization.
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Cai, Bin, Dan Wen, Wei Liu, Anne-Kristin Herrmann, Albrecht Benad, and Alexander Eychmüller. "Function-led Design of Aerogels: Self-assembly of Alloyed PdNi Hollow Nanospheres for Efficient Electrocatalysis." Technische Universität Dresden, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28672.
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Amelioration of the building blocks is a plausible approach to graft aerogels with distinguished properties while preserving the aerogel superiority. However, the incorporation of designated properties into metallic aerogels, especially catalytically beneficial morphologies and transition metal doping, still remains a challenge. Here, we report on the first case of an aerogel electrocatalyst composed entirely of alloyed PdNi hollow nanospheres (HNSs) with controllable chemical composition and shell thickness. The synergy of the transition metal doping, combined with the hollow building blocks and the three dimensional network structure make the PdNi HNS aerogels promising electrocatalysts towards ethanol oxidation, among which the Pd83Ni17 HNS aerogel shows a 5.6-fold enhanced mass activity compared to commercial Pd/C. This work expands the exploitation approach of electrocatalytic properties of aerogels into morphology and composition control of its building blocks.
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Linton, Darla K. "The comparative effects of a 12-week high impact aerobic dance and bench step training program on isokinetic strength, power, and endurance of the quadriceps." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063042/.
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Aleksandravičienė, Roma. "Skirtingo amžiaus ir treniruotumo moterų fiziologiniai pokyčiai ir energetika aerobikos pratimų metu." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20060118_113546-77889.
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The study was aimed to establish the aerobic capacity of women aerobics athletes of different age and different mastership, physiological changes and energetics during competitive activities. The main conlusions are as follows:
1. The aerobic capacity of representatives of aerobic gymnastics is by 25% higher the norm values of girls of similar age but it is considerably (about 35 %)) smaller than the respective indices of athletes developing endurance. The absolute VO2max during continuous incremental treadmill test is 2.5 l/min (95% CI [2.2 – 2.8]; the relative one – 45 ml/kg/min, CI [41.6 – 48.0],the maximum pulmonary ventilation reaches 87 l/min, CI [78.0 – 95.1], and the maximum HR – 190 beats/min, CI [183.6 – 197.0]. The first ventilation threshold VE manifests itself O2 consumption having reached 74% of the maximum wren HR is – 171 beats/min or 90% of the maximum.The maximum and submaximum respiratory gas exchange and HR values during the continuous incremental treadmill test were similar (p>0.05) in groups of aerobic gymnastics with different level of training.
2. The telemetric registration and analysis of respiratory gas and HR has shown that changes in the form of the exponent are typical for all the indices mentioned when after a fast increase at the onset of the exercise they become nearly stabilized. The rate of changes in separate indices is not the same. Thus, the fastest change occur in HR.VO2 changes slower and VE – the slowest with time constant being 17.2... [to full text]
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Beck, Wladimir Rafael 1982. "Resposta ergogênica da melatonina no nadir e acrofase da atividade espontânea e suas consequências na atividade da via IKK/NF-kB e dano tecidual muscular." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/274674.
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Orientador: Claudio Alexandre GobattoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T20:05:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Beck_WladimirRafael_D.pdf: 4557264 bytes, checksum: 1a917d77f79be6706dbd45561111344e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Sintetizada principalmente na glândula pineal de mamíferos, a melatonina é uma indoleamina responsável classicamente por sincronizar o ritmo circadiano prioritariamente por meio do ciclo geofísico terrestre de luminosidade. A identificação de diversas outras propriedades a tornou alvo recente de estudos que buscam conhecer seus efeitos sobre o exercício físico. Otimizar o uso de substratos energéticos durante o esforço, inibir inflamação e lesões teciduais exacerbadas são propriedades documentadas na literatura e consideradas como potencialmente ergogênicas, fato que compreende um capítulo controverso da atual literatura científica esportiva. Diante disso, o objetivo da tese foi determinar a capacidade ergogênica da melatonina em exercício exaustivo sob intensidade de máxima capacidade aeróbia (tlim) iniciados no nadir e acrofase da atividade espontânea (AE), identificando os efeitos dessas condições sobre a atividade da via inflamatória IKK/NF-'capa'B em músculo esquelético oxidativo, marcadores metabólicos, hematológicos e de lesão tecidual de ratos nadadores. Para isso, dois procedimentos foram originalmente padronizados: i) construção de aparato e confecção de rotina de cálculos para a determinação do ritmo circadiano da AE e ii) teste incremental (TI) para estimativa da intensidade de máxima capacidade aeróbia de ratos nadadores. Os animais foram mantidos sob condições ambientais adequadas e sob ciclo claro/escuro de 12 horas iniciando às 06:00h com luz clara (560nm; 60lux). A determinação da AE ao longo do dia foi utilizada para definição dos horários em que seriam iniciados todos os procedimentos, sendo nadir e acrofase desta variável correspondentes a 12:00 (ZT 6) e 20:00h (ZT 14), respectivamente. Ratos machos albinos da linhagem Wistar foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupos para aplicação do TI iniciando nestes momentos do dia, aos 90 dias de idade. Para os testes conduzidos no período noturno foi empregada luminosidade especial afim de minimizar a influência da luz na secreção fisiológica da melatonina (>600nm; <15lux). Aos 92 dias de idade os roedores receberam, via intraperitoneal, solução contendo 10 mg.kg-1 de melatonina ou solução transporte de igual volume. Após 30 minutos, os animais foram submetidos ao tlim e uma hora após o término deste esforço foram eutanasiados para coleta de amostras biológicas. Técnicas laboratoriais de Western Blotting e ELISA foram utilizadas, além de kits comerciais e técnicas bioquímicas. Melatonina aumentou significativamente a tolerância ao exercício proposto, contudo, comparações de post hoc apontaram diferença significativa apenas entre os animais cuja avaliação iniciou na acrofase, quando a melatonina endógena geralmente encontra-se elevada em ratos com hábitos noturnos. Maior inflamação e lesão tecidual foram encontradas principalmente nos animais que realizaram tlim e receberam melatonina no período de vigília. Assim, concluímos que o massivo efeito ergogênico da melatonina, que promoveu maiores períodos de contração muscular continuada, sobrepôs sua capacidade de proteção ao dano tecidual e ação anti-inflamatória. O exercício proposto na presente tese se assemelha a esportes cíclicos de longa duração (como maratonas). Entretanto, inferências diretas entre modelos devem ser cautelosas uma vez que o ser humano apresenta vigília diurna combinada a reduzidas concentrações de melatonina neste momento do dia, logo, a interpretação da ação da melatonina pode ser diferente entre espécies
Abstract: Mainly produced by mammal¿s pineal gland, melatonin is an indoleamine classically related to circadian rhythm synchronizing, primarily through geophysical light dark cycle. Many recently identified properties of melatonin has stimulated many studies about it effect on exercised organism. Optimize the use of energy substrates during exercise, inhibit exacerbated inflammation and decrease tissue damage are well documented effects. Among others, these melatonin properties has been considered as potentially ergogenic out, what comprises a controversial issue in the current sports scientific literature. The aim of this thesis was to determine the ergogenic capacity of melatonin in exhaustive exercise at maximal aerobic capacity intensity (tlim) at nadir and acrophase of spontaneous physical activity (SPA), identifying the effects of such condition on the oxidative skeletal muscle IKK/NF-'capa'B activity, metabolic, hematologic and tissue damage in swimming rats. Thus, two procedures were originally standardized: i) apparatus manufacture and mathematical calculations routine for determining the circadian rhythm of SPA in rats, and ii) the incremental test (IT) for estimative of the intensity corresponding to the maximal aerobic capacity of swimming rats. Animals were kept at light/dark cycle of 12 hours with bright lights on at 06:00h (560nm; 60lux). SPA were recorded throughout day, being nadir and acrophase of such variable corresponding to 12:00 (ZT 6) and 20:00h (ZT 14), respectively. Male Wistar albino rats were randomly splitted to incremental test (IT) performing, which begun at specifics time of day (SPA nadir or acrophase) at 90 days-old. To acrophase swimming testing were employed special illumination to avoid influences of light on physiological melatonin secretion (>600nm; <15lux). At 92 days-old a solution with or with no exogenous melatonin (10 mg.kg-1, I.P.) were administered to rats that were or not submitted to tlim 30 minutes after. Euthanasia was conducted one hour after tlim to biological material withdraw. Laboratory techniques of Western Blotting and ELISA were employed, and commercial kits and biochemical techniques. Melatonin significantly increases the tolerance to the proposed exercise, however, post hoc assumptions showed significant differences only between animals that assessments begun at SPA acrophase, when endogenous melatonin is usually higher in nocturnal rats. Significantly higher inflammatory and tissue damage markers were found to exercised animals assessed at wakefulness period (higher SA) that received exogenous melatonin, where were also found higher tlim. Thus, the massive ergogenic effect of melatonin leads to higher periods of muscle contraction, which superimposed melatonin protective effect on the tissue damage and its anti-inflammatory action. The proposed exercise resembles cyclic long duration sports, as marathons. However, direct inferences between models should be carefully conducted once the Human Being presents wakefulness period during daily hours, when melatonin is found at lower concentrations, so, the interpretation of melatonin action may differ between species.
Doutorado
Biodinamica do Movimento Humano
Doutor em Educação Física
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Oliveira, Pablo Beluck de. "Produção de aerogel a partir de nanofibras de celulose obtidas de resíduos da indústria moveleira (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) para sorção de óleos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2017. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/3445.
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O petróleo é uma matéria-prima de grande valor econômico. Buscando a substituição de matérias-primas não-renováveis, óleos vegetais vêm sendo usados cada vez mais como matéria-prima para combustíveis e polímeros. Derramamentos durante o manuseio de óleos são graves problemas ambientais. Fibras vegetais são usadas há muito tempo para a sorção de óleos em derramamentos. Resíduos de madeira na forma de serragem já são usados como sorventes de óleos, sendo um recurso barato e disponível. Entretanto, as características hidrofílicas das fibras vegetais reduzem sua capacidade de sorção de óleos. Os aerogéis de celulose tornaram-se um produto de grande interesse nessa área devido à sua alta porosidade (95 a 99%), baixa massa específica (0,004 to 0,15 g.cm-3) e alta área superficial (>60,m².g-1), além da abundância e sustentabilidade da celulose. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um aerogel hidrofóbico de nanofibras de celulose a partir de resíduos da indústria moveleira (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) processados por hidrólise ácida com explosão a vapor para a sorção de petróleo e óleos vegetais. No processo de explosão a vapor a melhor condição experimental foi observada para uma razão volumétrica de ácido acético e ácido nítrico 15:2:1 a 120°C e 30 minutos com rendimento superior a 90% em celulose e a remoção completa da hemicelulose e da lignina. Após a liofilização foi obtido um aerogel com massa específica 0,046 0,0013 g.cm-3 e porosidade 97,08 0,08%. A hidrofobização do aerogel gerou um ângulo de contato de 138,78º 0,78º. O aerogel mostrou capacidade de sorção máxima experimental (CSME) de 19,55 0,10 góleo.gaerogel-1 para petróleo e 13,73 0,62 góleo.gaerogel-1 para o óleo vegetal. A produção de nanofibras de celulose deu-se através de meios físicos (moagem) e a hidrofobização foi efetuada por modificação superficial das fibras com organosilanos (MTMS) por deposição a vapor. Na hidrólise do resíduo da indústria moveleira dois reagentes ácidos (ácido acético e ácido nítrico) foram testados individual e simultaneamente, com variações de temperatura, tempos e quantidade de reagente. A fração sólida rica em celulose obtida foi cominuída em moinho de pedras por 5 horas a 2500 rpm em uma suspensão com 1,5% m/m. O gel obtido foi congelado por 48 horas a -20ºC para posterior liofilização a -40ºC por 50 horas. Os aerogéis obtidos na liofilização foram tratados com o organosilano via deposição em fase vapor por 5 horas a 70ºC. O resíduo da indústria moveleira foi caracterizado quanto ao teor de celulose, hemicelulose, lignina, cinzas, extrativos e umidade. O processo de explosão a vapor foi caracterizado através do rendimento individual dos seus componentes (celulose e hemicelulose). Ensaios de massa específica aparente, ângulo de contato, porosidade, caracterização morfológica por microscopia eletrônica de varredura de emissão de campo, ensaios de sorção de óleos e cinética de sorção em meio homogêneo e heterogêneo de sorção de petróleo e óleo de soja foram realizados para caracterizar o aerogel. Modelos cinéticos de pseudoprimeira, pseudossegunda e pseudoenésima ordem foram ajustados aos dados experimentais em suas formas lineares e não-lineares. A sorção em meio homogêneo de petróleo foi bem ajustada com o modelo linear de pseudoprimeira ordem. A sorção de óleo vegetal foi bem ajustada tanto pelo modelo de pseudoprimeira ordem quanto pelo modelo de pseudossegunda ordem. Os modelos na forma não-linear indicaram um melhor ajuste dos dados experimentais pelo modelo de pseudoenésima ordem (n=0,95) para o petróleo e pelo modelo de pseudoprimeira ordem para o óleo vegetal. Os ajustes cinéticos mostraram que em meio heterogêneo a CSME se mantém constante em relação ao meio homogêneo, mas foi observada uma menor taxa de sorção.Submitted by cmquadros@ucs.br (cmquadros@ucs.br) on 2018-02-01T18:30:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Pablo Beluck de Oliveira.pdf: 3113740 bytes, checksum: c1c0b51adf3c34f0f55f7579081223d8 (MD5)
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Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, MTE.
Petroleum is a feedstock of great economic value. Due to the aim for non-renewable feedstocks substitution, vegetable oils have been used ever more as a feedstock for fuels and polymers. Spills during oil handling are serious environmental problems. Vegetable fibers have been used for a long time now as oil sorbents during spills. Wood residues as sawdust are currently used as oil sorbents, being a cheap and available resource. However, the hydrophilic profile of vegetable fibers reduce their capacity of oil sorption. Cellulose aerogels have become a product of great interest in the oil spill remediation field due to their high porosity (95 to 99%), low specific mass (0,004 to 0,15 g.cm-3) and high surface area (>60,m².g-1), besides cellulose abundance and sustainability. The objective of this work was to develop a hydrophobic aerogel from nanocellulose nanofibers obtained from furniture industry residues (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) processed via steam explosion acid hydrolysis for petroleum and vegetable oil sorption. In the steam explosion process the best experimental condition was observed for a volumetric acetic acid and nitric acid ratio of 15:2:1 at 120ºC and 30 minutes with a cellulose yield higher than 90% and complete removal of hemicellulose and ligning. After lyophilization an aerogel of specific mass 0,046 0,0013 g.cm-3 and porosity 97,08 0,08% was obtained. Aerogel hydrophobization yielded a contact angle of 138,78º 0,78º. The aerogel exhibited a top experimental sorption capacity (CSME) of 19,55 0,10 goil.gaerogel-1 for petroleum and 13,73 0,62 goil.gaerogel-1 for vegetable oil. Cellulose nanofibers were produced by physical means (grinding) and hydrophobization was accomplished via vapor-phase deposition of organosilane (MTMS). In wood residue hydrolysis two acids were tested (nitric acid and acetic acid) simultaneously and individually, with variations of temperature, time and reagent amount. The solid fraction rich in cellulose was grinded in a rock mill for 5 hours at 2500 rpm in a 1,5% m/m suspension in water. The obtained gel was frozen for 48 hours at -20ºC for lyophilization at -40ºC for 50 hours. The aerogels obtained by lyophilization were treated with organosilane via vapor-phase deposition for 5 hours at 70ºC. The furniture industry residue was characterized as for its amounts of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, ashes, extractives and humidity. The process of steam explosion was characterized through the yields of individual components (cellulose and hemicellulose). Procedures like specific mass, contact angle, porosity, morphological characterization by scanning electron microscope with field emission gun, oil absorption tests and absorption kinetic in homogeneous and heterogeneous medium of petroleum and soy oil absorption were performed to characterize the aerogel. Kinetic models of pseudo-first, pseudo-second and pseudo-nth order were fitted to experimental data in their linear and non-linear forms. The absorption in homogeneous medium of petroleum was well fitted by pseudo-first linear kinetic model. Absorption of vegetable oil was well fitted by both pseudo-first and pseudo-second models. Models in non-linear form indicated a better fit for experimental data by the pseudo-nth order model (n=0,95) for petroleum and by pseudo-first order for vegetable oil. Kinetic adjusts showed that in heterogeneous medium CSME is maintained, but sorption rate is smaller.
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Synek, Josef. "Systém pro měření aerobní stability fermentovaných krmiv." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219741.
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Aerobic stability is a term which nutritionists use to define the length of time that forage remains stabil and don‘t degrade. Once fermentation is completed and the forage is exposed to air during feeding or during storage (leaky silos, poor packaging) increases the temperature of the forage initiated by yeasts or lesser extent by the action of some bacterias. This temperature is measured using temperature sensors and it is compared with the ambient temperature of the surroundings. Aerobic stability is given as the time, for which the forage temperature rises by 3°C above ambient temperature.
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Catai, Aparecida Maria. "Estudo da variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca e da capacidade aerobia em homens jovens e de meia idade submetidos a treinamento fisico aerobio." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314430.
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Orientador: Lourenço Gallo JuniorTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O presente estudo objetivou avaliar, em homens jovens e de meia idade, os efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbio (TF A) de 3 meses de duração, sobre o controle autonômico da freqüência cardíaca (FC) durante exercício dinâmico e da variabilidade de freqüência cardíaca (VFC) nos domínios do tempo (DT) e da freqüência (DF), durante o sono, bem como sobre as respostas do consumo de oxigênio no limiar de anaerobiose (v 02 LA) e no pico de esforço (v 02 pico). Foram estudados 17 voluntários saudáveis, com padrão sedentário de vida, sendo 10 jovens e 7 meia idade, com idades medianas de 22 e 53 anos, respectivamente. Estes foram submetidos a três protocolos realizados em dias não consecutivos: dois testes de exercício físico dinâmico (EFD) com medida direta do v 02, em cicloergômetro na posição sentada, sendo a) um com protocolo contínuo, com incrementos de potência entre 12 a 20 Watts/min até a exaustão física; b) um com protocolo descontínuo com incrementos de potência de 25 em 25 Watts até atingirem FC até 150 bpm. Interpunha-se períodos variáveis de repouso entre os níveis de esforço, para que a FC e variáveis cardiorrespiratórias retomassem aos valores controle; c) para o estudo da VFC realizou-se eletrocardiografia dinâmica de 24 horas (Holter), onde foram selecionados dois trechos de maior estabilidade, referentes a seis horas centrais do sono, denominados Sono 1 e Sono 2. Os resultados, foram apresentados no DT como média dos intervalos RR e seu desvio padrão, e no DF em bandas de baixa (BF) e alta freqüências (AF) obtidas através da Transformada Rápida de Fourier - "FFT", expressas em unidades absolutas e em unidades normalizadas (un), bem como a razão BF/AF, as quais refletem a modulação vago-simpática sobre o nódulo sinusal. O TF A foi composto de alongamentos de 10 minutos e caminhadas e/ou trotes de 40 minutos, 3X1semana, numa intensidade de 70-85% da FC pico obtida a partir de teste de laboratório, por um período de 3 meses. Os grupos estudados apresentaram significativa bradicardia em repouso e melhora no desempenho aeróbio, expresso pelo aumento dos valores da potência e do consumo de oxigênio no LA e no pico do esforço. Ressalte-se, entretanto, que as respostas adaptativas ao treinamento foram melhor evidenciadas em relação ao V 02 LA e à potência no esforço pico, pois ambos os grupos apresentaram valores significativamente maiores destes parâmetros após o treinamento. Na análise do controle da função autonômica durante exercício foram evidenciados um aumento da contribuição vagal pelo aumento da resposta rápida da FC nos 30 s iniciais do EFD e uma diminuição da estimulação simpática pela redução do incremento lento da FC do f ao 4° min do EFD, embora as respostas intragrupos tenham sido de pequena magnitude. Na análise da VFC no DT, durante o sono, as variáveis mostraram respostas adaptativas intragrupos de pequena magnitude, ao longo do TFA, No entanto, na análise dos valores absolutos entre os grupos, observa-se que a magnitude das respostas dos jovens foi maior que a do grupo meia idade. Na análise no DF, o treinamento físico praticamente não alterou os valores absolutos dos componentes espectrais avaliados no período de sono. No entanto, ao analisarmos os dados em unidades normalizadas e a razão BF/AF, observamos que, após o treinamento, os jovens apresentaram aumento da razão BF/AF bem como aumento da participação do componente BFun e redução da AFun; já, no grupo meia idade, ocorreu o oposto ou seja, o treinamento reduziu a razão BF/AF e a BFun e aumentou a AFun. Entretanto, as diferenças não atingiram significância estatística para ambos os grupos estudados. Estes dados sugerem que o TFA induziu maiores alterações na capacidade aeróbia do que na VFC, para ambos os grupos, podendo estas respostas estarem relacionadas a duração do período de TFA utilizada no presente estudo
Abstract: The main purposes of the present study were to evaluate the effects of a 3month aerobic physical training on efferent autonomic cardiac control by monitoring heart rate (HR) during dynamic exercise (DE) and HR variability (HRV) in time (TD) and in frequency (FD) domains during sleeping. The oxygen uptake at ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VO2 AT) and peak conditions (VO2 peak) during DE were also investigated in two groups of healthy sedentary men: one consisting of young (Y: n=10, median=22 yr) and the other of middle-aged subjects (M: n=7, median=53 yr). Dynamic exercise lests were performed on a cycloergometer with direct V 02 measurement, using continuous and discontinuous protocols in seated .position. Power increments from 12 to 20 Watts/min up to exhaustion were used in continuous protocol. Workload increments of 25 Watts over a period of 4 min each were used in discontinuous protocol; varying periods of rest were allowed between the different levels of effort so that heart rate and ventilatory and metabolic variables could return to control levels. In a different day, ECG signals were recorded using a 24 h Holter tape recorder. Two intervals of sleep (Sleep 1 ¿ the initial sleep period, and Sleep 2 - in a latter period) were selected. Mean RR interval and the standard deviation were the selected TD parameters For FD analysis, the spectral components were expressed at Low (LF) and High (HF) frequencies, obtained by using Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) in absolute and normalized units (nu), LFnu and HFnu and LF/HF ratio. Aerobic exercise training program was conducted for 3 months on a field track and was composed of stretching for ten minutes and walking and/or jogging for 40 minutes , three times per week at a prescribed HR corresponding to 70 to 85% of peak HR obtained during dynamic exercise test in Laboratory. The studied groups showed significantly resting bradycardia and aerobic capacity improvement since power, V02 AT and V02 peak increased after aerobic training. However, in the case of V 02 AT and power peak significant differences were observed (p<0.05), for both groups. The present study showed a decreases the slow sympathetic and increases the fast parasympathetic contribution to HR during dynamic exerci se at the same absolute workloads, in both groups. These results showed no statistical significance. During sleep, HRV analysis in TD has shown small changes with aerobic training, for both groups. In another way, the comparative evaluation between the groups showed that the young group presented higher absolute values than the middle-aged group. HRV analysis expressed in absolute FD values also showed changes of small magnitude with aerobic training, for both groups. However, the FD components expressed in nu, as well as the LH/HF ratio, have shown after training na increase in LF/HF ratio and in LFnu as well as reduction in HFnu for young group. In the middlle-aged group occurred the opposite, i.e., the training reduced the LF/HF ratio and LFnu and also increased HFnu, with non-significant differences (p>O.O5), for both groups. These overall results suggest that aerobic physical training induced higher alterations in aerobic capacity than in efferent autonomic cardiac control of heart rate during dynamic exerci se and HRV during sleeping, for both groups. These responses may be associated with the duration of aerobic physical training applied in the present study
Doutorado
Fisiologia
Doutor em Ciências
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Ferrari, Homero Gustavo 1975. "Padronização de testes específicos atados e livres, para determinação de parâmetros aeróbios em canoagem slalom : relações com o desempenho." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/274672.
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Orientador: Fúlvia de Barros Manchado GobattoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física
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Resumo: Introdução: a canoagem slalom é um esporte olímpico desde de 1992 e que cresce a cada ano no mundo todo. No entanto, poucas informações científicas têm sido encontradas na literatura, sobretudo, em relação a avaliação fisiológica e treinamento. Objetivo: padronizar testes específicos em remada atada e livre para avaliação da aptidão aeróbia de canoístas slalom de elite e verificar a correlação dos índices de aptidão aeróbia fornecidos pelos testes com o desempenho em prova simulada. Métodos: a amostra foi composta por 12 atletas pertencentes a Seleção Brasileira Permanente de Canoagem Slalom com idade média 18 ± 2 anos. Os testes de canoagem atada foram realizados com o auxílio de um aparato denominado Sistema de Medição de Força Atado (SIMFA), composto por célula de carga e módulo amplificador de sinais. Todas as avaliações foram realizadas em piscina de 25m e sob caiaque modelo K1. A máxima fase estável de lactato (MFEL) atada foi determinada a partir de três intensidades que variaram de 35,5N à 70,3N. Para a obtenção da força crítica (FC) foram utilizadas quatro cargas preditivas e ajustes matemáticos hiperbólico (FChiper) e linear (FClin). As avaliações em remada livre (velocidade crítica (VC) e MFEL) foram realizadas em lagoa. A VC foi obtida pelo modelo "distância vc. tempo" utilizando desempenhos máximos nas distâncias de 300, 450 e 600 metros. Para determinar a iMFEL os atletas foram submetidos a três testes contínuos com duração de 30 min, separados por intervalo de 24 horas entre eles, realizados em sistema de vai e vem na distância de 50 metros. Como indicador de desempenho adotou-se o tempo em prova simulada de canoagem slalom (TP), executada em canal artificial. Em adição o lactato sanguíneo (LACsang) pós prova foi mensurado. Resultados: os principais resultados das avaliações atadas, indicam não haver diferença entre a iMFEL e FChiper e entre FChiper e FClin, no entanto, a FClin foi significantemente maior que iMFEL. A FChiper foi altamente correlacionada com iMFEL (r= 0,78, p=0,002), bem como iMFEL foi correlacionada com desempenho (r = -0,67, p=0,016). Em relação as avaliações livres os resultados revelaram não haver diferença significativa entre a intensidade de VC (7,77 ± 0,28 Km/h) e iMFEL (7,50 ± 0,32), além disso, correlação significativa foi encontrada entre a intensidade de VC e desempenho em prova simulada (r= 0,84, p=0,03). Conclusões: em relação as avaliações atadas, foi possível padronizar testes atados para avaliação aeróbia de canoístas slalom, utilizando as metodologias de MFEL e FC, e também a possibilidade de utilizar o parâmetro aeróbio obtido pelo modelo de FC como uma avaliação não invasiva para estimar a MFEL. Já em relação as avaliações livres a VC obtida pelo modelo distância-tempo é válida para estimar a iMFEL em canoístas slalom de elite, além de se correlaciona com o desempenho em prova simulada.
Abstract: Introduction: canoe slalom is an Olympic sport since 1992 and that grows every year worldwide. However, limited scientific information has been found in the literature, especially in relation to training and evaluation physiological. Purpose: Standardize tethered specific tests and free tests for assessment of aerobic fitness elite slalom kayakers and additionally verify the correlation between indexex of aerobic fitness provided by tests with performance in simulated slalom race. Methods: the sample was composed of 12 athletes from the Canoe Slalom Brazilian Team with a mean age 18 ± 2 years. The tethered specific testst was performed using a denominated Tethered Canoe System (TCS) constructed specifically for this purpose composed of a load cell and signal amplifier module. All assessments were conducted in a 25-meter outdoor swimming pool using K1 kayak model. The tethered maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) was determined from three intensities ranging from 35,5N the 70,3N. Four predictive loads were used to obtain the critical force (CF) using two mathematical adjustments, hyperbolic (CFhiper) and linear (CFlin). Free specific tests assessments (critical velocity (CV) and MLSS) were performed in lake. The CV has been obtained by "distance-time" model using maximum performance at distances of 300, 450 and 600 meters. To determine the iMLSS athletes underwent three continuous lasting 30 min, separated by 24-hour interval between them, performed using a kayak "shuttle" exercise, with a 50-m course. The simulated race was conducted on a white water course and as performance indicator the total race time (Trace) was adopted. In addition, the blood lactate (LACsang) post race was measured. Results: the main results of tethered evaluation, indicate that the CFlin and CFhiper intensities did not differ, as well as CFhiper and iMLSS. However, CFlin was significantly higher than iMLSS. The iMLSS and CFhiper intensities were significantly correlated (r= 0.82, p=0.002) well as iMFEL was correlated with performance (r = -0.67, p = 0.016). Regarding the free evaluations, the results showed no significant difference between the intensity of CV (7.77 ± 0.28 Km / h) and iMLSS (7.50 ± 0.32) Moreover, a significant correlation was found between intensity CV and simulated race performance (r = 0.84, p = 0.03). Conclusions: regarding the tethered specific tests , was possible to standardize tests for aerobic evaluation in slalom kayakers, using the MLSS and CF methodologies and also the possibility to use the aerobic parameter obtained by the FC model as a noninvasive evaluation to estimate MLSS. In relation the free specific tests, the CV obtained by the distance-time model is valid for estimating the iMLSS in elite slalom kayakers and is correlated with performance in simulated race
Doutorado
Biodinamica do Movimento e Esporte
Doutor em Educação Física
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Foco, Mário Luiz Rodrigues 1981. "Recirculação de efluente visando a desnitrificação em sistemas combinados anaeróbio-aeróbio para tratamento de esgoto sanitário." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258321.
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Orientador: Edson Aparecido Abdul NourTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Neste estudo foi verificado o desempenho de um sistema combinado anaeróbio-aeróbio na remoção de matéria orgânica e de compostos de nitrogênio presentes em esgoto sanitário, por meio da utilização de recirculação do efluente tratado para o início do sistema, de forma a propiciar a desnitrificação sem adição de carbono ou alcalinizante externos. Foram estudados dois tipos de sistemas: Sistema 1 (escala de bancada) composto por filtro anóxico (FA) seguido de biofiltro aerado submerso (BAS) e decantador secundário (DS) com os respectivos volumes: 32,6; 17,6 e 7,2 L; Sistema 2 (escala piloto) constituído por filtro anaeróbio/anóxico (FAA), seguido de BAS e DS com os respectivos volumes: 298,7; 131.5 e 188,5 L. As razões de recirculação (R) utilizadas foram: 0,5; 1,5; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0. No Sistema 1, com R=4,0 a máxima desnitrificação teórica (D%) possível foi de 86±5%, nessa configuração alcançou-se remoções de demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) e Nitrogênio Total (NT) de 92±4% e 83±8%, respectivamente. No Sistema 2, com R=3,0 o valor da D% possível foi de 78±9%, nessa configuração alcançou-se remoções de DQO e NT de 89±4 e 60±7%, respectivamente. Os resultados indicam a viabilidade do uso da recirculação do efluente tratado, na configuração proposta pelo Sistema 1, como alternativa para remoção de nitrogênio em Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto Combinadas Anaeróbio-Aeróbia, com biomassa imobilizada, uma vez que as concentrações finais de Nitrogênio Total (12±3 mg N L-1) estão abaixo do valor estipulado pela Resolução CONAMA N° 357/2005
Abstract: This study verified the performance of anaerobic-aerobic combined systems in removing organic matter and nitrogen compounds from sewage by recirculation of treated effluent to the beginning of the system, aiming denitrification without addition of external carbon or alkalinity. System 1 (bench scale) were an anoxic filter (AF) followed by aerated submerged biofilter (ASB) and clarifier with respective volumes: 32.6, 17.6 and 7.2 L. System 2 (pilot scale), were an anaerobic/anoxic filter (AAF), followed by ASB and clarifier with their volumes: 298.7, 131.5 and 188.5 L. The recirculation ratios (R) were 0.5, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0. In System 1, with R=4.0 the maximum theoretical denitrification (D%) possible was 86±5%, and this configuration achieved removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Total Nitrogen (TN) of 92±4% and 83±8%, respectively. In system 2, with R=3.0 the D% possible was 78±9%, and this configuration reached removal of COD and NT of 89±4 and 60±7%, respectively. The results indicate the feasibility of using effluent recirculation, in the System 1 configuration, as an alternative to nitrogen removal in sewage anaerobic-aerobic combined treatment plants, with immobilized biomass, since the final concentrations of Total Nitrogen (12±3 mg N L-1) are below the value established by CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005
Doutorado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Doutor em Engenharia Civil
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Funestig, Tobias, and Jonas Wiklund. "Kan SMAT protokollet tillämpas för att mäta den aeroba effekten på vuxna ishockeyspelare? : En experimentell studie med Skating Multistage Aerobic Test (SMAT)." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Idrottsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24385.
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Introduktion: Vikten av att testa idrottares aeroba effekt idrottsnära har länge varit känd. Skating Multistage Aerobic Test (SMAT) är ett idrottsspecifikt test för ishockeyspelare som utvecklades med unga individer men som idag används på vuxna ishockeyspelare utan att någon validering har skett med den vuxna åldersgruppen. Syfte och frågeställning: En experimentell pilotstudie utfördes med syftet att validera SMAT-protokollet på vuxna ishockeyspelare samt undersöka vilken tillförlitlighet SMAT-protokollet har för att uppskatta testvärdet hos vuxna ishockeyspelare jämfört med det uppmätta värdet. Metod: 6 aktiva ishockeyspelare i division 2 (Ålder: 27,6 ± SD 7,2 år) deltog i studien. Syreupptagningen mättes konstant under utförandet av SMAT med Jaeger Oxycon Mobile system och jämfördes med SMAT protokollets erhållna värden. VO2 platå, blodlaktat, respiratoriska kvot (RER) och % av maxpuls granskades för att undersöka om testet var tillförlitligt. Resultat: På nivå ett var medelvärdet på samtliga 6 deltagares testvärde 24,52 ml syre/min/kg i jämförelse med SMAT protokollets erhållna testvärde på 27,7 ml syre/min/kg. Medeltestvärdet för deltagarna visade en stigande skillnad med SMAT protokollets värden i och med nivåökningarna, på nivå 13 var skillnaden 53,37 (Jaeger systemet) kontra 71,6 ml syre/min/kg (SMAT-protokollet). Samma trend sågs på individuell nivå. 5 av 6 deltagare uppnådde en VO2 platå och ≥95% av maxpuls. Laktatnivåerna innan testet var 0,7 till 1,7 och efter testet 5,6 till 13,6 varav 2 deltagare uppnådde gränsvärdet (≥8 mmol/L-1). 4 av 6 uppnådde RER gränsen på ≥1.10. Diskussion: Skillnaderna i testvärdena mellan SMAT och det uppmätta värdet tros blivit påverkat av ungas arbetsekonomi (skridskoteknik), på grund av sämre arbetsekonomi så kräver unga en högre syreförbrukning för ett givet arbete. Den anaeroba kapaciteten kan också ha påverkat då vuxna har en större förmåga att utnyttja det anaeroba systemet. Slutsats: Resultatet tyder på att SMAT protokollet inte är tillförlitligt för att mäta testvärdet hos vuxna ishockeyspelare.
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Heyer, Kai-Uwe, Karsten Hupe, and Rainer Stegmann. "Aerobe in situ Stabilisierung von Altdeponien." Universität Potsdam, 2000. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/339/.
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Voropajeva, Evelina. "Bendrosios aerobikos ir aerobinės gimnastikos atstovių fizinio darbingumo vertinimas." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130910_092059-57778.
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Tyrimo objektas – Bendrosios aerobikos ir aerobinės gimnastikos atstovių fizinis darbingumas.
Tyrimo tikslas – Įvertinti bendrosios aerobikos ir aerobinės gimnastikos atstovių fizinio darbingumą.
Tyrimo uždaviniai:
1. Nustatyti ir įvertinti bendrosios aerobikos atstovių fizinio darbingumo rodiklius.
2. Nustatyti ir įvertinti aerobinės gimnastikos atstovių fizinio darbingumo rodiklius.
3. Palyginti skirtingų rūšių aerobikos atstovių fizinio darbingumo rodiklius.
Tyrimo metodai: antropometriniai matavimai (visos tiriamųjų grupės buvo sveriamos ir matuojamas ūgis), pulsometrija (tyrimo metu širdies susitraukimų dažnis buvo registruojamas naudojant pulsometrą Sigma PC-15, Germany), PWC170 testas (taikant šį testą buvo nustatoma aerobininkių ištvermė), matematinė statistika (buvo apskaičiuojamas tirtų rodiklių aritmetinis vidurkis (x), standartinis nuokrypis (Sx). Statistiniam patikimumui nustatyti pasirinktas patikimumo lygmuo (p<0,05). Visi skaičiavimai buvo atliekami naudojant STATISTIKA for Windows.
Tiriamieji: Tyrime dalyvavo 46 tiriamosios, tai aerobinės gimnastikos atstovės (1 grupė: n = 10, 2 grupė: n = 13), ir bendrosios aerobikos atstovės (1 grupė: n = 13, 2 grupė: n = 10). Tiriamųjų sportavimo stažas yra panašus: 3-4 metai, o treniruočių skaičius yra 3 kartai per savaitę.
Išvados:
1. Skirtingo amžiaus bendrosios aerobikos atstovių fizinio darbingumo rodikliai geresni buvo jaunesniųjų aerobininkių grupėje. Devyniolikmetės aerobininkės yra gero treniruotumo lygio, o... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The object of research - general aerobics representatives and aerobic gymnastics athletes physical working capacity characteristics. The aim of research was to assess physical working capacity characteristics of general aerobics representatives and aerobic gymnastics atletes. Objectives of research: 1. Identify and assess physical working capacity characteristics of general aerobics representatives. 2. Identify and assess physical working capacity characteristics of aerobic gymnastics atletes. 3. Compare physical working capacity characteristics of representatives of general and aerobics aerobic gymnastics atletes. Methods: anthropometric measurements (all groups of subjects were weighed and measured for height), measurement of pulse (heart rate was recorded using a heart rate monitor Sigma PC-15, Germany), PWC170 test (applying this method was determined athlete stamina), mathematical statistics (assessed values were calculated arithmetic mean (x), standard deviation (Sx). Determine the statistical reliability of the selected confidence level (p <0.05). All calculations were performed using STATISTICS for Windows. Subjects: The study included 46 subjects who is the representative of the aerobic gymnastics (Group 1: n = 10, group 2: n = 13), and general aerobic representative (Group 1: n = 13, group 2: n = 10). Analyzes sport experience is similar: 3-4 years, while the number of training 3 times a week. Conclusion: 1. Physical working capacity of representatives of general... [to full text]
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Masselli, dos Reis Ivan Gustavo 1983. "Efeito agudo do exercício em intensidade equivalente e acima da máxima fase estável de lactato nas expressões proteicas e mRNAs de HIF-1a, MCTs 1 e 4 e PGC-1a, em tecido cardíaco, hepático e muscular esquelético de ratos nadadores." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/274683.
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Orientador: Claudio Alexandre GobattoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física
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Resumo: Sabe-se que o estresse físico exerce uma função moduladora na expressão gênica dos MCTs 1 e 4 por meio de vias de sinalização moleculares aparentemente distintas envolvendo o co-ativador-1 'alfa' do receptor gama ativado por proliferador do peroxissomo (PGC-1?) e subunidade 1 'alfa' do fator induzível por hipóxia (HIF-1?) respectivamente. Apenas uma única sessão de exercício de resistência (endurance) está associada ao aumento na expressão do MCT1 e PGC-1?, mas não do MCT4, no músculo esquelético vasto lateral de humanos, enquanto o exercício intermitente de alta intensidade parece afetar ambos MCTs 1 e 4 além do PGC-1?. No entanto pouco se conhece sobre o efeito simultâneo do estresse físico sobre o HIF-1?, MCts 1 e 4 e PGC-1? em diferentes tecidos e tipos de fibra. É provável que tanto a expressão quanto a transcrição dos co-ativadores e fatores de transcrição envolvidos na modulação dos MCTs 1 e 4 frente ao estresse físico sejam afetadas pelas características da atividade e ainda variem de acordo com o tipo e especificidade do tecido analisado. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o efeito agudo de uma única sessão de natação até exaustão ou de 30 minutos contínuos ou 25 minutos acumulados intermitentemente, em uma intensidade equivalente ou 20% superior a máxima fase estável de lactato, sobre a expressão gênica e conteúdo protéico dos HIF-1?, MCTs 1 e 4, PGC-1?, imediatamente, 2, 4 e 8 horas após a sessão de exercício, em tecidos chaves para metabolismo do lactato (fibras esqueléticas I e II, fígado, coração) de ratos. O exercício físico aumenta a expressão proteica e mRNA em relação ao grupo controle para maior parte dos genes que foram analisados, porém, não há diferenças entre os grupos exercitados independente do tecido e do protocolo utilizado. Com exceção do tecido hepático cuja apenas a expressão de PGC-1? mRNA é estimulada, uma única sessão de exercício induz diferentes respostas ao longo de 8 horas na expressão mRNA e conteúdo de HIF-1?, MCTs 1 e 4, PGC-1?. Uma sessão contínua de volume reduzido ou uma sessão intermitente em intensidade 20% superior a MFEL, resultam nas mesmas adaptações de uma sessão contínua de 30 minutos de duração em intensidade equivalente a MFEL
Abstract: It is known that physical stress plays a role on regulating the gene expression of MCTs 1 and 4 by distinct molecular signaling pathways involving the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1?) and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit (HIF-1?) respectively. Only a single endurance session is associated with increased expression of both PGC-1? and MCT1, but not of the MCT4 in the muscle vastus lateralis of humans, while the intermittent exercise of high intensity seems to affect, besides the PGC-1?, both MCTs 1 and 4. However, the knowledge about the simultaneously effect of the exercise stress on the HIF-1?, MCTs 1 and 4 and PGC-1? in different types of tissues and skeletal muscles is unknow. Probably, the transcription factors and the coativators involved in the exercise induced modulation of MCTs 1 and 4 can being differently affected by the exercise intensity and may vary according to the type and metabolic specificity of the tissue. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of a single swimming session of 30 continuous minutes or 25 minutes accumulated intermittently or until exhaustion in the intensity equivalent or 20% higher than the maximum lactate steady state (MLSS), on the gene expression and protein content of HIF-1?, MCTs 1 and 4, PGC-1?, immediately, 2, 4 and 8 hours after, in key tissues to the lactate metabolism (skeletal muscle of type I and II, liver, heart) of rats. Physical exercise increased protein content and mRNA expression for most of the analyzed genes, however, there are no differences between the exercised groups independently of the tissue or protocol used. With the exception to liver, where only PGC-1? mRNA was stimulated, a single exercise bout induced different responses throughout 8 hours on mRNA expression and content of HIF-1?, MCTs 1 and 4, PGC-1?. Both, continuous or intermittent exercise, of reduced volume and in higher intensity (20%) results in similar responses of a continuous session of 30 minutes duration in the MLSS intensity
Doutorado
Biodinamica do Movimento e Esporte
Doutor em Educação Física
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Liu, Xipeng. "Chemistry in an inorganic-organic hybrid aerogel : chitosan-silica aerogel /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3174640.
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Svingala, Forrest R. "Alkali activated aerogels /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10097.
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Ziegler, Christoph, André Wolf, Wei Liu, Anne-Kristin Herrmann, Nikolai Gaponik, and Alexander Eychmüller. "Modern Inorganic Aerogels." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-232333.
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Essentially, the term aerogel describes a special geometric structure of matter. It is neither limited to any material nor to any synthesis procedure. Hence, the possible variety of materials and therefore the multitude of their applications are almost unbounded. Here we present a comprehensive picture of the most promising developments in the field during the last decades.
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Grohmann, Katrin [Verfasser]. "Übergangsmetall-katalysierte aerobe allylische Oxidation / Katrin Grohmann." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021073091/34.
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Cruz, Juliana Gisele Belote D'Arcadia. "Utilização de reatores microbianos com celulas imobilizadas no tratamento de efluente de uma industria de bebidas." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254753.
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Orientador: Lucia Regina DurrantTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O presente estudo avaliou a utilização da tecnologia de tratamento de despejos líquidos de uma indústria cervejeira e de refrigerantes pelo sistema biológico aeróbio. Buscou-se a remoção da carga orgânica mediante quantificação da demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), nitrogênio amoniacal total, turbidez, sólidos sedimentáveis (SS), fósforo (P), condutividade e toxicidade. O sistema de tratamento proposto foi constituído por quatro reatores em série com volume total de 16 L. A alimentação foi realizada de forma contínua pela parte inferior e por gravidade. Para a imobilização dos microrganismos nos reatores foi utilizado, como suporte, argila expandida. Para o sistema aeróbio foi utilizada aeração prolongada mediante injeção ascendente de oxigênio. As análises foram realizadas diariamente, no afluente do reator e no efluente tratado em diferentes tempos de retenção hidráulica (TRH/h). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o sistema de tratamento, empregando 4 reatores acoplados, foi eficiente para a remoção da carga orgânica poluente do efluente da indústria. Ocorreu diminuição da DQO em todos os tempos de retenção hidráulica testados. O TRH 1,9 mostrou ser o mais eficiente, visto que é o tempo com a maior vazão, fato de extrema importância para o tratamento de efluentes industriais. Neste TRH houve maior porcentagem de remoção da DBO (67,4%), toxicidade com microcrustáceo Daphinia similis (52,3%), condutividade (13,13%), além de significativa remoção da DQO (58,7%)
Abstract: The present study the treatment of the waste waters of a beer and soft drink industry by an aerobic biological system was evaluated. The removal of the organic load by means of the quantification of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total ammoniacal nitrogen, turbidity, sedimented solids (SS), phosphorus (P), conductivity and toxicity. Were determined proposed the consisted of four reactors in series with a total volume of 16 L. The feeding was carried out carried out continuous by through the of the bioreactor inferior part and by gravity. Expanded clay was used as support for the immobilization of the microorganisms in the reactors. Continuous aeration by means of ascending injection of oxygen was used for the aerobic system. The analyses were performed daily in samples from the treated and untreated industrial effluent using different times of hydraulical retention (HRT/h). The results showed that the treatment system, using 4 connected reactors was efficient for the removal of the pollutant organic load of the industrys effluent. Reduction of the COD occurred in all the tested hydraulical retention times used HRT of 1.9 was found to be the most efficient HRT, since it was the time with the hioghest outflow, fact that is of extreme importance for the treatment of industrial effluents. In this HRT there was a greater percentage of reduction of the BOD (67.4%), the toxicity with the Daphinia similis (52.3%) and conductivity (13.13%), besides the significant reduction of the COD (58.7%)
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos
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Laforce, Roger Max. "Wachstum und Physiologie thermophil aerober und anaerober Eubakterien /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1987. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=8336.
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Zilén, Martin, and Ulrika Lejnarová. "Modellering av flisstack." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Computer Science, Physics and Mathematics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6467.
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Bioenergi är en stor industri i Sverige och står för en betydande del av energiomsättningen. Bioenergi i form av flis förvaras runt om i landet på hög i väntan på förbränning. Då högarna läggs upp startar olika processer som värmer upp stacken, ofta till temperaturer på 50°C under det första dygnet. En vanlig ansats i litteraturen är att denna temperaturstegring beror på aerob nedbrytning. Arbetet ämnar undersöka om denna uppvärmning endast beror av mikrobiella aktiviteter. Hypotesen prövas genom kalorimetriska mätningar av effekt från prover av flis och simulering av första dygnets temperaturutveckling i ett program som programmeras under arbetes gång.
I modellen så betraktas för enkelhets skulle flisstacken som en avlång figur med rektangulärt tvärsnitt. Figuren delas sedan in i lämpligt stora beräkningsceller. Problemet löses genom att iterativt räkna fram ett strömningsfält. Strömningsfältet och effekterna som räknas ut hålls sedan konstanta under ett tidssteg, 5-15min. Den magasinerade värmeenergin används sedan för att räkna fram en ny temperatur som så ger ett nytt strömningsfält och nya effekter. I modellen användes enbart explicita metoder eftersom de är snabbare och mycket enklare att programmera.
Ett flertal experiment i kalorimeter genomfördes med olika prover av flis och torv. Prover med barkflis gav högst utslag. Den högsta effekten som uppmättes var 2,16W/kg TS. Då effekter av denna storleksordning användes som inre effektgenerering i programmet gav detta inte en temperatur ökning motsvarande sådana som uppmätts i verkligheten. Detta tyder på att mer än aerob nedbrytning krävs för att ge en temperatur på över 50°C.
Bioenergy is a major industry in Sweden and accounts for a significant part of the energy production. Bioenergy in the form of wood chips is stored in piles across the country awaiting combustion. When the piles are acumulated, various processes that heat the stack begin, often to temperatures of 50 °C during the first day. A common approach in the literature is that this temperature rise is due to the aerobic decomposition. This paper will investigate whether the microbial activity is the fundamental cause for warming. The hypothesis is tested by calorimetric measurements of power from the samples of wood chips and simulation of the first day's temperature development in a programme that was desinated.
For simplicity the model considers an oblong wood chip pile with rectangular cross-section. The pile is then subdivided into appropriately sized calculation cells. The problem is solved by calculating a flow field iteratively. The flow field and the effects that are calculated is then static during one time step for approximately 5-15 minutes. The produced heat energy is then used to calculate a new temperature, which renders a new flow field and new powers. The model uses only explicit methods because they are faster and much easier to programme.
Several calorimetric experiments were carried out with various samples of wood chips and peat. Samples of bark chips achieved the highest result. The highest power measured was 2.16 W / kg DM. When the effects of this magnitude were used as internal power source in the programme the temperature did not increase corresponding to those measured in reality. This suggests that more than aerobic decomposition is needed to reach a temperature above 50°C.
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Kameyama, Oswaldo. "Avaliação da aplicação de acido folico em tratamento aerobio de aguas residuarias." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255465.
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Orientador: Ranulfo Monte AlegreDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Têm-se identificado deficiência de vitaminas em estações de tratamento biológico de efluentes, em especial do ácido fólico, que age como micronutriente para certas bactérias e estimulando seu crescimento. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito de diferentes concentrações de ácido fólico sobre o lodo em condições fisiológicas normais e em respiração endógena. O sistema foi conduzido em batelada a 25ºC±2ºC, vazão de ar de 0,5 L/min e utilizando água residuária sintética, sendo acompanhado a DQO, pH e Sólidos Totais, Sólidos Totais Fixos, Sólidos Totais Voláteis e visualização em microscópio ótico. Os resultados foram comparados ao controle. Os resultados demonstraram que concentrações de 4,0 e 8,0 mg/L de ácido fólico produzem melhora na microfauna do sistema de lodos ativados, sendo que a concentração de 8,0 mg/L ainda foi capaz de aumentar a velocidade de remoção de DQO nas condições fisiológicas normais do lodo e após a respiração endógena. A concentração de 4,0 mg/L apresentou, estatisticamente, resultado semelhante à concentração de 8,0 mg/L para a condição inicial do lodo em respiração endógena, melhorando a velocidade de remoção de DQO. Quanto ao pH e a remoção de DQO não houve alterações provocadas pela adição do ácido fólico, como era esperado
Abstract: They are deficiency of vitamins in sludge of biological wastewater treatment, especially the folic acid, that acts as micronutrient for certain bacteria and stimulating its growth. This work evaluated the effect of different concentrations of folic acid on the sludge in normal physiologic conditions and in endogenous respiration. The system was carried out batch reactor at 25ºC±2ºC, air flow of 0,5 L/min and using synthetic wastewater, being accompanied COD, pH and Total Solids, Fixed Total Solids, Volatile Total Solids and visualization in optic microscope. The results were compared to the control. The results demonstrated that the concentrations of 4,0 and 8.0 mg/L of folic acid produce improvement in the microfauna of the system of activated sludge, and the concentration of 8,0 mg/L was still capable to increase the speed of removal of COD in the normal physiologic conditions of the sludge and in the endogenous respiration. The concentration of 4,0 mg/L presented similar statistical result to the concentration of 8,0 mg/L for the initial condition of the endogenous respiration sludge, improving the speed COD removal. The pH and the COD removal did not have alterations provoked by the addition of the folic acid
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos
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Grogan, Michael D. W. "Aerogel and fibre optics." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538560.
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Cai, Bin, and Alexander Eychmüller. "Promoting Electrocatalysis upon Aerogels." Wiley VCH, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35457.
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Electrocatalysis plays a prominent role in renewable energy conversion and storage, enabling a number of sustainable processes for future technologies. There are generally three strategies to improve the efficiency (or activity) of the electrocatalysts: (i) increasing the intrinsic activity of the catalyst itself; (ii) improving the exposure of active sites; and (iii) acceleratingmass transfer during catalysis (both reactants and products). These strategies are not mutually exclusive and can ideally be addressed simultaneously, leading to the largest improvements in activity. Aerogels, as featured by large surface area, high porosity, and self-supportability provide a platform that matches all the aforementioned criteria for the design of efficient electrocatalysts. The field of aerogel synthesis has seen much progress in recent years, mainly thanks to the rapid development of nanotechnology. Employing precursors with different properties enables the resulting aerogel with targeted catalytic properties and improved performances. This report demonstrates the design strategies of aerogel catalysts and reviews their performances for several electrochemical reactions. The common principles that govern electrocatalysis are further discussed for each category of reactions, thus serving as a guide to the development of
future aerogel electrocatalysts.
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Yao, Yimin. "POLYMERIC POROUS AEROGEL MONOLITHS AND AEROGEL PARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM OIL-IN-OIL EMULSIONS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1590687157263171.
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Seaman, Laura. "Advanced aerobic digestion to optimize pathogen reduction: Staged pre-treatment in aerobic digestion." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27293.
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Land application of biosolids is a desirable solution for smaller communities that utilize aerobic digestion. However, traditional aerobic digestion produces Class B biosolids at best which raises public concern regarding the fate of pathogens following land application. The main goal of this work was to determine a plan to help an aerobic digestion WWTP achieve improved pathogen destruction. An approach of studying the effect of a pre-treatment step prior to digestion was developed following site visits to eight aerobic digestion facilities in Ontario. The experimental phases of this work evaluated the effect of aeration rate, temperature and retention time on pathogen reduction in 12 setups. The four best conditions were carried out with digestion to evaluate the ultimate impact of pre-treatment on digestion. The results indicated that a micro-aerobic, highly reducing environment produces adverse conditions within the pre-treatment column which also impact subsequent digestion and resulted in decreased pathogens.
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Schäfer, Sven. "Untersuchungen zur sequenziellen Ozonung und aeroben Behandlung von Überschussschlamm." Clausthal-Zellerfeld Papierflieger, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1000878732/04.
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Kayser, Anke N. "Stoffflüsse in Escherichia coli TG1 unter aeroben, glucoselimitierten Bedingungen." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=956676243.
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Schmidt, Katrin. "Beurteilung der aeroben Fitness von 218 Freizeitsportlern mittleren Alters." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006.
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Washington, Mickel [Verfasser]. "Abberranter Stressmetabolismus bei Adipösen unter aerober Ausdauerbelastung / Mickel Washington." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1235528367/34.
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Arvsell, Karin. "Termofil aerob rening av skogsindustriellt avloppsvatten : Ett försteg till en luftad damm." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33030.
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Vid framställning av papper och pappersmassa krävs en stor mängd energi och även stora mängder vatten som med fördel tas från en närliggande sjö eller vattendrag. Avloppsvattnet passerar flera olika reningssteg såsom mekanisk, kemisk och biologisk rening innan det återinförs till recipienten. Vid aerob biologisk rening sker en nedbrytning och oxidation av det organiska materialet som utförs av mikroorganismer. Aeroba mikroorganismer kräver närvaro av syre varvid luft tillsätts till dammen. Luftningen utgör drygt hälften av det externa reningsverkets totala energibehov och försvåras av extraktivämnen som finns i träden. Vid Stora Enso Skoghalls bruk används en luftad damm som biologisk rening. Det finns problem med att få syret att räcka till i hela dammen. Om ett försteg placeras innan dammen skulle detta kunna bryta ned en del av de syreförbrukande ämnena. Förstegets utformning skulle vara en MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) innehållande bärare där termofila bakterier bildar biofilm. Två olika försöksuppställningar byggdes upp i ett laboratorium på Karlstads Universitet innehållande MBBR och luftade dammar. De luftade dammarna skulle likna Skoghalls bruks luftade damm med samma uppehållstid och innehålla samma sorts mikroorganismer. Processvattnet hämtades från Skoghalls bruk och pumpades kontinuerligt in till försöksuppställningarna. Vattnet togs från två olika ställen på bruket och innehöll dels CTMP och dels CTMP blandat med vatten från blekeriet och indunstningen. För utvärderingar av försöken utfördes analyser av COD, TOC, SÄ, SVI, ytspänning, extraktivämnen samt mikroskopering. Resultatet uppvisade en relativt jämn COD-och TOC-reduktion för de luftade dammarna på runt 70 %, vilket är jämförbara värden med Skoghalls bruks luftade damm. För det termofila MBBR-försteget med temperaturen 45 °C uppvisades en reduktionskapacitet på 30 – 40 %. Resultatet vid körning med vatten innehållande endast CTMP påvisades en reduktion på 30 %. Mätning av ytspänning och extraktivämnen ger en indikation på om syresättningen av avloppsvattnet kan bli effektivare. Det visade sig att biofilmen i de termofila stegen är mycket känslig och relativt enkel att slå ut om förhållandena för de termofila bakterierna inte är optimala eller om inkommande vatten innehåller någon giftig substans. Bioslammet i samtliga luftade dammar bestod av både bakterier, protozoer och metazoer. I referensdammen uppvisades stora och kompakta flockar medan det för dammarna som föregicks av termofila MBBR påvisade mindre slam och mindre kompakta flockar. För dammen innehållande endast CTMP påvisades förutom att flockarna var små även flytslam och skumproblem.The production of pulp and paper requires a large amount of energy and also large amounts of water which, by advantage, can be taken from a nearby lake or river. The wastewater passes through several different purification steps, such as mechanical, chemical and biological treatment before being reintroduced to the recipient. During aerobic biological treatment, a degradation and oxidation of the organic material occurs and is performed by microorganisms which require oxygen. Aeration consumes about half of the external plant's total energy and is aggravated by extractives present in the trees. At Stora Enso Skoghall mill an aerated pond is used as biological treatment, but there are troubles to get the oxygen to last for the entire pond. If a pre-treatment is placed before the pond this would be able to reduce the substances which demands oxygen. The implementation of the pre-treatment would be a MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) containing carriers and where thermophilic bacteria form biofilms. The experimental setups were built up in a laboratory at the University of Karlstad. The aerated ponds would resemble the aerated pond at Skoghall mill, with an identical retention time and contain equivalent microorganisms. The wastewater was continuously pumped into the experimental setups and was received from Skoghall mill and contained only CTMP water and CTMP mixed with water from the bleach plant and evaporation plant. As evaluation of the experiments analyzes of COD, TOC, SS, SVI, surface tension, extractives and microscopy were done. The results showed a relatively uniform COD and TOC reduction for the aerated ponds at around 70 %, which is comparable with the real pond at Skoghall mill. For the thermophilic MBBR with a temperature of 45° C and with probe 10-water, a capacity of reduction at 30 - 40% was noticed. The result with water containing only CTMP showed a reduction of 30%. Measurements of surface tension and extractives show if the concentration of extractives is decreasing in the thermophilic pre-treatments and also in the aerated ponds, which indicates a more effective oxygenation of the water. It was also found that the biofilm in the thermophilic stages are very sensitive and relatively easy to decimate if the conditions for the thermophilic bacteria are not optimal or if the incoming water contains any toxic substance. The sludge in all aerated ponds consisted of bacteria, protozoa and metazoa. The reference pond showed large and dense flocks while for the ponds that were preceded by thermophilic MBBR indicated less sludge and less dense flocks. For pond containing CTMP-water the flocks were small, but in addition, floating sludge was detected and foam problems arose.
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Hutschenreuther, Antje, Marina Bigl, Nasr Y. A. Hemdan, Tewodros Debebe, Frank Gaunitz, and Gerd Birkenmeier. "Modulation of GLO1 expression affects malignant properties of cells." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-217965.
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The energy metabolism of most tumor cells relies on aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) characterized by an increased glycolytic flux that is accompanied by the increased formation of the cytotoxic metabolite methylglyoxal (MGO). Consequently, the rate of detoxification of this reactive glycolytic byproduct needs to be increased in order to prevent deleterious effects to the cells. This is brought about by an increased expression of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) that is the rate-limiting enzyme of the MGO-detoxifying glyoxalase system. Here, we overexpressed GLO1 in HEK 293 cells and silenced it in MCF-7 cells using shRNA. Tumor-related properties of wild type and transformed cells were compared and key glycolytic enzyme activities assessed. Furthermore, the cells were subjected to hypoxic conditions to analyze the impact on cell proliferation and enzyme activities. Our results demonstrate that knockdown of GLO1 in the cancer cells significantly reduced tumor-associated properties such as migration and proliferation, whereas no functional alterations where found by overexpression of GLO1 in HEK 293 cells. In contrast, hypoxia caused inhibition of cell growth of all cells except of those overexpressing GLO1. Altogether, we conclude that GLO1 on one hand is crucial to maintaining tumor characteristics of malignant cells, and, on the other hand, supports malignant transformation of cells in a hypoxic environment when overexpressed.
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Houghton, Kristin M. "Aerobic and anaerobic capacity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: the cardiorespiratory response during aerobic exercise." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2498.
Full textAbstract:
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a common chronic disease of childhood. Children with JIA have lower peak oxygen consumption (V0₂ peak) than healthy children. In order to examine the cardiorespiratory response during aerobic exercise and the anaerobic to aerobic ratio (metabolic index), maximal exercise tests were performed in JIA subjects and age- and sex-matched controls (CON).
Thirteen children aged 10 to 17 years with JIA and 9 CON participated. Peak powe r(watts, W) and total work (Joules, j) were determined with the Wingate anaerobic cycling test. VO₂ peak was measured by a maximal staged exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Cardiac output (CO, liters/minute) was measured with Doppler echocardiography. Arterial — mixed venous oxygen index (A-V0₂) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated. Patient questionnaires included habitual activity, visual analog scale for joint pain and the childhood health assessment questionnaire. Physician completed data included active joint count and articular severity index.
Compared to CON and reference age-matched norms, JIA subjects had lower aerobic fitness. VO₂ peak in JIA was 31.3 ml/min/kg (20.2-49.9), Z score -1.4 (-.06--2.4) and in CON was 47.9 ml/min/kg (32.7-54.1), Z score of -0.17 (-1.6-.87). [p = 0.013 V0₂ peak, p=0.011 Z score]. There were no significant differences in CO, A-V0₂ or SVR buttrends towards lower CO and higher SVR in JIA subjects were observed. During anaerobic exercise JIA subjects completed less total work (168.5 j/kg (107-252) JIA, 224 j/kg (180-248) CON, p=.036) but had similar peak power (9.7 W/kg (5.6-13.7) JIA, 11.3 W/kg (9.8-14.5) CON, p=.095). The metabolic index did not differ between JIA and CON. There was no significant correlation between disease activity, function and fitness measures in JIA subjects.
Children with JIA have moderate impairments in aerobic fitness. CO and A-V0₂ during aerobic exercise did not significantly differ between JIA subjects and CON. Anaerobic fitness was mildly impaired with less total work completed by JIA subjects. Further research with larger numbers is required to determine factors contributing to limited fitness in JIA.
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Laskowski, Jessica Verfasser], Lorenz [Akademischer Betreuer] Ratke, and Jochen M. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schneider. "Synthese und Eigenschaften von Aerogel-Aerogel-Verbundwerkstoffen / Jessica Laskowski ; Lorenz Ratke, Jochen M. Schneider." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1126040843/34.
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Laskowski, Jessica [Verfasser], Lorenz Akademischer Betreuer] Ratke, and Jochen M. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schneider. "Synthese und Eigenschaften von Aerogel-Aerogel-Verbundwerkstoffen / Jessica Laskowski ; Lorenz Ratke, Jochen M. Schneider." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1126040843/34.
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Zhang, Huan. "Properties and Structures of Sulfonated Syndiotactic Polystyrene Aerogel and Syndiotactic Polystyrene/Silica Hybrid Aerogel." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1405298489.
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Gu, Zipeng. "Emulsion Templated Polyimide Aerogel Foam and Hybrid Aerogel Foam as Absorbents for Oil Cleanup." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1525711842824095.
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Nunoura, Takuro. "Study of Aerobic Respiratory Chain of Novel Facultative Aerobic and Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrobaculum oguniense." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149916.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第9630号
農博第1258号
新制||農||844(附属図書館)
学位論文||H14||N3662(農学部図書室)
UT51-2002-G388
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 内田 有恆, 教授 加藤 暢夫, 助教授 左子 芳彦
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Ohmann, Ulf. "Aerobe Reinigung und anaerobe Entfärbung von Abwässern der Textilveredlungsindustrie." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200600213.
Full textAbstract:
Die vorliegende Arbeit befaßt sich mit der anaeroben Entfärbung und aeroben Reinigung von Textilabwasser durch biologische Verfahren. Dazu wurde über mehrere Jahre eine Versuchskläranlage im Pilotmaßstab betrieben und die dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse in einer Betriebskläranlage umgesetzt. Die Pilotanlage bestand aus einer anaeroben Vorlage und einem Reaktor, der nach dem SBR-Verfahren (sequentielles biologisches Reinigungsverfahren) betrieben wurde. Das Reaktorvolumen beider Behälter betrug 1 m³. Mit dieser Anlage wurden in der Anaerobstufe farbige Abwässer und gezielt verschiedene Farbmittel entfärbt und in der anschließenden aeroben Belebung die organischen Belastungen und andere Verschmutzungen bis auf die vom Gesetzgeber geforderten Grenzwerte reduziert. Die Versuche ergaben, daß es unter anaeroben Bedingungen möglich ist, auch aerob nicht eliminierbare Färbemittel abzubauen und damit das Gesamtabwasser zu entfärben. Für die Versuche kamen nur „reale“ Abwässer zum Einsatz. Durch die umfangreichen Untersuchungen und Anpassungen an der Versuchskläranlage konnte das Verfahren für die Textilveredlung Erzgebirge technisch so weiterentwickelt werden, daß solide Bemessungsgrundlagen für die großtechnische Realisierung in Form einer Betriebskläranlage vorlagen. Das Reaktorvolumen der beiden parallel geschalteten SBR-Behälter beträgt jeweils 1200 m³. Neben der umfassenden Darstellung und Auswertung der Forschungsergebnisse und Praxiserfahrungen an der Pilotanlage in zahlreichen Abbildungen und Tabellen ist auch die Dokumentation des mehrjährigen Betriebs der Großanlage Gegenstand dieser Arbeit. Am Gesamtabwasserstrom eines Textilveredlungsbetriebes konnte die Eignung einer Kombination aus anaerober biologischer Entfärbung und aerober biologischer Reinigung nachgewiesen werden.
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Ford, Kevin S. "Optimizing aerobot exploration of Venus." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/8787.
Full textAbstract:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedVenus Flyer Robot (VFR) is an aerobot—an autonomous balloon probe—designed for remote exploration of Earth's sister planet in 2003. VFR's simple navigation and control system permits travel to virtually any location on Venus, but it can survive for only a limited duration in the harsh Venusian environment. To help address this limitation, we develop: (1) a global circulation model that captures the most important characteristics of the Venusian atmosphere; (2) a simple aerobot model that captures thermal restrictions faced by VFR at Venus; and (3) one exact and two heuristic algorithms that, using abstractions (1) and (2), construct routes making the best use of VFR's limited lifetime. We demonstrate this modeling by planning several small example missions and a prototypical mission that explores numerous interesting sites recently documented in the planetary geology literature.