Journal articles: 'Aerobes'

1

Erkan, Mustafa, Erdoǧan Sevük, Tahsin Aslan, and Ercihan Güney. "Bacteriology of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 103, no. 10 (October 1994): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949410301005.

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Aspiration of exudate through an open perforation was performed in 183 patients with chronic otitis media. The pus was cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Aerobes only were isolated from 71 patients (39%); 20 patients (11%) had only anaerobes; and 91 patients (50%) had both aerobes and anaerobes. Only 1 specimen had no growth. There were 259 aerobic isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered from 68 patients. Other aerobes commonly recovered included Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. There were 178 anaerobic isolates. Only anaerobic gram-positive cocci were isolated in 20 instances. Sixty-three Bacteroides isolates were recovered, including 12 Bacteroides fragilis group and 21 Bacteroides melaninogenicus.

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Brook, Itzhak, and Kiran Shah. "Bacteriology of Adenoids and Tonsils in Children with Recurrent Adenotonsillitis." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 110, no. 9 (September 2001): 844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940111000908.

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Adenoids and tonsils electively removed from 25 children with a history of recurrent group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) adenotonsillitis were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Two hundred twenty-four organisms (112 aerobes and facultatives, 110 anaerobes, and 2 Candida albicans) were isolated from the tonsils, and 229 (111 aerobes and facultatives and 118 anaerobes) were isolated from the adenoids. Mixed infection was present in all instances, with an average of 9.1 isolates per specimen. The predominant aerobes were Streptococcus sp, Haemophilus influenzae, and GABHS, and the prevalent anaerobes were Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium spp. β-Lactamase-producing bacteria were detected in 72 isolates recovered from 22 tonsils (88%) and in 74 isolates recovered from 21 adenoids (84%). Discrepancies in the organisms recovered were found between the tonsils and adenoids. Of the aerobic isolates, 20% were isolated only in tonsils and 18% only in adenoids. Of the anaerobes, 20% were found only in tonsils and 26% only in adenoids. This study demonstrates a polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic flora in both adenoids and tonsils, and discrepancies in recovery of pathogens such as GABHS. The adenoids may serve as a potential source of tonsillitis caused by GABHS.

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Harvey, C. E., C. Thornsberry, B. R. Miller, and F. S. Shofer. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Subgingival Bacterial Flora in Dogs with Gingivitis." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 12, no. 4 (December 1995): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649501200407.

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The aerobic and anaerobic flora from gingival pockets of 49 dogs with severe gingivitis and periodontitis were cultured. The susceptibility of each isolate to four antimicrobial agents currently approved for veterinary use in the USA (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; clindamycin; cefadroxil; and enrofloxacin) was determined. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (Clavamox® Pfizer Animal Health) had the highest in-vitro susceptibility against all isolates (96%), all aerobes (94%) and all anaerobes (100%) tested. For gram-negative aerobes, enrofloxacin (Baytril®, Bayer Corp.) had the highest in-vitro susceptibility activity. For bacteria associated with treatment of gingivitis, which typically are mixed aerobic/anaerobic and gram-positive/gram-negative organisms, the antimicrobial of choice for clinical use based on these susceptibility tests is amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.

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Brook, Itzhak. "Bacteriology of Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis in Adults." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 98, no. 6 (June 1989): 426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948909800605.

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Aspirates of 72 chronically inflamed maxillary sinuses were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Bacterial growth was present in 66 of the 72 specimens (92%). Anaerobic bacteria were isolated in 58 of the 66 culture-positive specimens (88%). Anaerobes only were recovered in 37 cases (56%) and in 21 (32%) they were mixed with aerobic or facultative bacteria. Aerobic or facultative bacteria were present in eight cases (12%). A total of 185 isolates (2.8 per specimen) — 131 (2.0 per specimen) anaerobes and 54 (0.8 per specimen) aerobes or facultatives — were isolated. The predominant anaerobic organisms were anaerobic cocci and Bacteroides sp, and the predominant aerobes or facultatives were Streptococcus sp and Staphylococcus aureus. Twelve of the 27 Bacteroides sp that were tested for β-lactamase (44%) produced the enzyme. These findings indicate the major role of anaerobic organisms in chronic sinusitis.

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Chen, Shuiliang, Robert Keith Brown, Sunil A. Patil, Katharina J. Huber, Jörg Overmann, and Uwe Schröder. "Aerobic microbial electrochemical technology based on the coexistence and interactions of aerobes and exoelectrogens for synergistic pollutant removal from wastewater." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 5, no. 1 (2019): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ew00530c.

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A new concept of aerobic microbial electrochemical technology allowed combining the merits of both aerobes and exoelectrogens at the same solid–liquid interface for efficient and synergistic pollutants removal from wastewater.

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Brook, Itzhak. "Recovery of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in Sinus Fungal Ball." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 145, no. 5 (July 29, 2011): 851–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599811417066.

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This case study with chart review describes the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of specimens obtained from 47 patients with Aspergillus spp fungus ball. Bacteria were recovered from 32 of the 47 (68%) patients. Eighty-six isolates, 29 aerobic and facultatives and 57 anaerobic, were recovered. Aerobic and facultatives only were recovered in 6 instances (19% of culture-positive specimens), anaerobes only in 11 (34%), and mixed aerobes and anaerobes in 15 (47%). The predominant aerobes were Staphylococcus aureus (6 isolates), α-hemolytic streptococci (5 isolates), Enterobacteriacae (4 isolates), and microaerophilic streptococci (4 isolates). The predominant anaerobes were Gram-negative bacilli (26), Peptostreptococcus spp (14), and Fusobacterium spp. (10). Twenty-two β-lactamase–producing bacteria were recovered from 15 patients. These included all 6 S aureus and 2 Bacteroides fragilis group isolates, 4 of 10 of Fusobacteria, and 7 of 19 Prevotella and Porphyromonas. This study demonstrates the recovery of polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic flora in the sinuses of patients with fungus ball.

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7

Ernst, E. "Aerobes Training für Krebspatienten." MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin 152, no. 44 (October 2010): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03367316.

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8

Crevenna, Richard, Christoph Zielinski, Mohammad Yahya Keilani, Manuela Schmidinger, Christian Bittner, Martin Nuhr, Hakan Nur, Christine Marosi, Veronika Fialka-Moser, and Michael Quittan. "Aerobes Ausdauertraining fur Krebspatienten." Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 153, no. 9-10 (May 2003): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1563-258x.2003.02080.x.

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9

Brook, Itzhak, and Edith H. Frazier. "Aerobic and Anaerobic Microbiology of Surgical-Site Infection Following Spinal Fusion." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 3 (1999): 841–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.3.841-843.1999.

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The aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of surgical-site infections (SSI) following spinal fusion was retrospectively studied. This was done by reviewing the clinical and microbiological records at the Naval Hospital in Bethesda, Md., from 1980 to 1992. Aspirates of pus from 25 infection sites showed bacterial growth. Aerobic bacteria only were recovered from 9 (36%) specimens, anaerobic bacteria only were recovered from 4 (16%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 12 (48%). Sixty isolates were recovered: 38 aerobes (1.5 isolates per specimen) and 22 anaerobes (0.9 isolate per specimen). The predominant aerobes were Escherichia coli(n = 8) and Proteus sp. (n = 7). The predominant anaerobes wereBacteroides fragilis group (n = 9) andPeptostreptococcus sp. (n = 6) isolates. An increase in recovery of E. coli and B. fragilis was noted in patients with bowel or bladder incontinence. This study highlights the polymicrobial nature of SSI and the importance of anaerobic bacteria in SSI following spinal fusion.

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Gauthier, M. J., V. Breittmayer, R. Clément, G. N. Flatau, and J. C. Amiard. "Tolérance au zinc et au cadmium et accumulation du zinc par les bactéries marines à Gram négatif : relations avec leur type respiratoire." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-149.

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A statistical analysis of relations between the respiration type of Gram-negative marine bacilli and their resistance to zinc and cadmium or their ability to concentrate zinc was carried out on 453 strains isolated from seawater and oysters. A highly significant relation was found between the respiratory type of strains and their resistance (strict aerobes were 3 times more sensitive than facultative aerobes) or their binding capability (strict aerobes accumulated 2.5 times more zinc)

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11

Schuhmann, Maren. "Aerobes Training senkt bronchiale Hyperreagibilität." Pneumo News 7, no. 6 (December 2015): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15033-015-0271-z.

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12

Schuhmann, M. "Aerobes Training hilft bei Asthma." MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin 158, no. 4 (March 2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15006-016-7872-2.

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13

GILL, C. O., J. C. McGINNIS, and T. JONES. "Assessment of the Microbiological Conditions of Tails, Tongues, and Head Meats at Two Beef-Packing Plants." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.6.674.

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Newly skinned tails of beef carcasses at two packing plants were similarly contaminated with total aerobes and with coliforms that were largely Escherichia coli at log mean numbers about 3.5/cm2 and 4.5/100 cm2, respectively. The log mean numbers of aerobes and coliforms on the skinned tails after washing at plant A were, respectively, 1 and 2 log units less than the numbers on the newly skinned tails. At plant B, the log mean numbers of aerobes on skinned and on washed tails were similar while the log mean numbers of E. coli on washed tails were only about 1 log unit less than the numbers on skinned tails. Cooling of tails on racks in a chiller at plant B reduced the log mean numbers of E. coli by about 1 log unit but did not reduce the numbers of total aerobes. Tongues in the heads of carcasses at both plants were similarly contaminated with total aerobes and with coliforms that were largely E. coli at log mean numbers of about 4.5/cm2 and 4.5/100 cm2, respectively. The log mean numbers of aerobes on and the log total number of E. coli recovered from washed tongues were, respectively, about 2 and 4 log units less than for unwashed tongues at plant A and about 1 and 3 log units less than for unwashed tongues at plant B. The log mean numbers of aerobes and E. coli on washed cheeks and lips were both about 2 log units less than the numbers on unwashed tongues at both plants. With appropriate collection and washing procedures, the microbiological conditions of beef tails, tongues, and head meats can apparently be comparable to those of primal cuts and manufacturing beef at the times that the products are packed.

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14

You, H. S., C. C. Tseng, M. J. Peng, S. H. Chang, Y. C. Chen, and S. H. Peng. "A novel application of an anaerobic membrane process in wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 6-7 (March 1, 2005): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0620.

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The applications of membrane processes in anaerobic biological wastewater treatment still have some limitations due to severe membrane scaling and fouling, although they have been proven to achieve superior COD removal and biomass retention. An innovative anaerobic membrane process for wastewater treatment was conducted to control the membrane scaling problems. The process comprises an anaerobic reactor, an aerobic reactor, and a membrane separation tank. Anaerobic sludge from a full-scale UASB reactor treating food wastewater was inoculated to anaerobic and aerobic reactor to purify synthetic wastewater consisting of glucose and sodium acetate. The anaerobic reactor was operated in a sludge bed type without three-phase separator. The aerobic reactor can eliminate residual organics from the anaerobic reactor effluent using facultative microorganisms. To provide solid-liquid separation, hollow fiber ultrafiltration module was submerged in the separation tank. The results clearly show that the anaerobic membrane process combined methanogenic and aerobic COD reduction is a stable system. No fatal scaling was found after two months of operation even without chemical cleaning for the membrane. It was also found that inorganic precipitates formed in the aerobic reactor were reduced due to CO2 stripping in aerobic reactor. Another important finding was that the inorganic precipitates were entrapped into facultative aerobes floc. The ash/SS ratio of aerobes floc increased from 0.17 to 0.55 after 50 days of operation, which confirms this phenomenon. Based on our investigation, the new process can control scaling effectively to extend the membrane application in anaerobic treatment.

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15

Harvey, C. E., C. Thornsberry, and B. R. Miller. "Subgingival Bacteria - Comparison of Culture Results in Dogs and Cats with Gingivitis." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 12, no. 4 (December 1995): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649501200405.

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Aerobic and anaerobic subgingival bacteria were cultured and identified from 49 dogs and 40 cats with spontaneous gingivitis. The most common organisms were gram-negative anaerobes (37% of canine isolates and 39% of feline isolates) and gram-positive aerobes (36% of canine isolates and 29% of feline isolates). No major differences were found between the subgingival floras of dogs and cats with gingivitis.

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Cohen, Craig R., Lisa Gravelle, Samwel Symekher, Peter Waiyaki, Walter E. Stamm, and Julia A. Kiehlbauch. "Etiology of Persistent Tubo-Ovarian Abscess in Nairobi, Kenya." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 1 (2003): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1064744903000061.

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ObjectiveTo study the microbial etiology of tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA).MethodsWe recruited 11 women in Nairobi, Kenya who failed antibiotic therapy alone and required surgical drainage of a presumptive TOA. Pus from the nine abscesses and two pyosalpinges were collected and cultured for aerobic, facultative and anaerobic microorganisms.ResultsEleven women suspected of having a TOA were hospitalized and treated for a median of 6 days (range 3–14 days) prior to surgical drainage of the abscess. Nine (82%) specimens were culture positive. Aerobes were present in all nine specimens. Seven of the nine positive cultures (78%) were polymicrobial and five of the polymicrobial cultures contained both anaerobes and aerobes. Anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli (Prevotella sp., Porphyromonas sp. and Bacteroides sp., Escherichia coli) and Streptococcus sp. (S. viridansandS. agalactiae) were the most common microorganisms isolated.Neisseria gonorrhoeaeandChlamydia trachomatiswere not isolated by culture or detected by polymerase chain reaction.ConclusionsIn Kenya, persistent TOAs are associated with endogenous flora similar to that normally found in the gastrointestinal tract.

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JONES, D. R., M. T. MUSGROVE, and J. K. NORTHCUTT. "Variations in External and Internal Microbial Populations in Shell Eggs during Extended Storage." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 2657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.12.2657.

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The current project was conducted to determine the microbial quality of commercially processed shell eggs during extended storage. Unwashed eggs were collected at the accumulator before entering the processing line. Washed eggs were retrieved after placement in flats. All eggs were stored on pulp flats at 4°C for 10 weeks. Twelve eggs from each treatment were rinsed on the day of collection and during each week of storage. After rinsing, eggs were sanitized in ethanol, and contents were aseptically collected. Total aerobes, yeasts and molds, Enterobacteriaceae, and pseudomonads were enumerated from shell rinses and pooled egg contents. During storage, no differences were found between unwashed and washed eggs for Enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonads in either shell rinses or contents. No differences were found between treatments for population levels of total aerobes or yeasts and molds in the egg contents throughout the storage period. Significant differences between treatments were found at each week of storage for external shell contamination by total aerobes. The highest unwashed egg contamination occurred at week 8 of storage and the lowest was at weeks 0 and 1 of storage. The highest shell contamination with aerobic bacteria on the washed eggs was found at week 0 of storage and the lowest was at week 7. Yeast and mold contamination determined by shell rinses was also significantly different between treatments at each week of storage. Commercially washed eggs were significantly less contaminated than were unwashed eggs for the populations monitored.

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Nordmann, P., and L. Poirel. "Emerging carbapenemases in Gram-negative aerobes." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 8, no. 6 (June 2002): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0691.2002.00401.x.

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Krulwich, Terry A., Masahiro Ito, Raymond Gilmour, Michael G. Sturr, Arthur A. Guffanti, and David B. Hicks. "Energetic problems of extremely alkaliphilic aerobes." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1275, no. 1-2 (July 1996): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(96)00044-8.

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20

Jung, Patrick. "Tai-Chi wirksamer als aerobes Ausdauertraining." InFo Neurologie & Psychiatrie 20, no. 7-8 (August 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15005-018-2673-z.

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Dohle, Christian. "Aerobes Training nur mit Vorsicht einsetzen." InFo Neurologie + Psychiatrie 22, no. 3 (March 2020): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15005-020-1254-0.

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22

Brook, Itzhak. "Microbiology of Abscesses of the Head and Neck in Children." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 96, no. 4 (July 1987): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948709600416.

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Specimens from 36 children with abscesses of the neck and 31 children with abscesses of the head were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Antimicrobial therapy was administered to 51 of the 67 patients (76%) prior to sample collection. In specimens obtained from neck infections, aerobic bacteria only were recovered in 24 (67%), anaerobic bacteria only in seven (19%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in five (14%). In abscesses of the head, aerobic bacteria only were recovered in 11 (35%), anaerobic bacteria only in eight (26%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 12 (39%). Of a total of 52 isolates recovered from neck abscesses (1.4 per specimen), 34 were aerobes (0.9 per specimen), and 18 were anaerobes (0.5 per specimen). Of a total of 62 isolates recovered from head abscesses (2.0 per specimen), 20 were aerobes (0.6 per specimen), and 42 were anaerobes (1.4 per specimen). The most frequently recovered organism in neck infection was Staphylococcus aureus (20 isolates), and the most frequently recovered organism in head infection was Bacteroides sp (19 isolates). β-Lactamase activity was detected in 36 isolates recovered in 21 abscesses (46%). Correlation between the predisposing conditions and the bacteria recovered showed a higher recovery of anaerobes in patients with dental infection or manipulation, tonsillitis, and fetal monitoring. Staphylococcus aureus was associated with trauma. This study demonstrated the importance of anaerobic bacteria in abscesses in the head and neck, especially in infections originating from sites where these organisms are the predominant flora.

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KOSEKI, SHIGENOBU, KYOICHIRO YOSHIDA, SEIICHIRO ISOBE, and KAZUHIKO ITOH. "Decontamination of Lettuce Using Acidic Electrolyzed Water." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.5.652.

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The disinfectant effect of acidic electrolyzed water (AcEW), ozonated water, and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution on lettuce was examined. AcEW (pH 2.6; oxidation reduction potential, 1140 mV; 30 ppm of available chlorine) and NaOCl solution (150 ppm of available chlorine) reduced viable aerobes in lettuce by 2 log CFU/g within 10 min. For lettuce washed in alkaline electrolyzed water (AlEW) for 1 min and then disinfected in AcEW for 1 min, viable aerobes were reduced by 2 log CFU/g. On the other hand, ozonated water containing 5 ppm of ozone reduced viable aerobes in lettuce 1.5 log CFU/g within 10 min. It was discovered that AcEW showed a higher disinfectant effect than did ozonated water significantly at P < 0.05. It was confirmed by swabbing test that AcEW, ozonated water, and NaOCl solution removed aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, molds, and yeasts on the surface of lettuce. Therefore, residual microorganisms after the decontamination of lettuce were either in the inside of the cellular tissue, such as the stomata, or making biofilm on the surface of lettuce. Biofilms were observed by a scanning electron microscope on the surface of the lettuce treated with AcEW. Moreover, it was shown that the spores of bacteria on the surface were not removed by any treatment in this study. However, it was also observed that the surface structure of lettuce was not damaged by any treatment in this study. Thus, the use of AcEW for decontamination of fresh lettuce was suggested to be an effective means of controlling microorganisms.

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Muhlebach, Marianne S., Joseph E. Hatch, Gisli G. Einarsson, Stef J. McGrath, Deirdre F. Gilipin, Gillian Lavelle, Bojana Mirkovic, et al. "Anaerobic bacteria cultured from cystic fibrosis airways correlate to milder disease: a multisite study." European Respiratory Journal 52, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 1800242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00242-2018.

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Anaerobic and aerobic bacteria were quantitated in respiratory samples across three cystic fibrosis (CF) centres using extended culture methods. Subjects aged 1–69 years who were clinically stable provided sputum (n=200) or bronchoalveolar lavage (n=55). 18 anaerobic and 39 aerobic genera were cultured from 59% and 95% of samples, respectively; 16 out of 57 genera had a ≥5% prevalence across centres.Analyses of microbial communities using co-occurrence networks in sputum samples showed groupings of oral, including anaerobic, bacteria, whereas typical CF pathogens formed distinct entities. Pseudomonas was associated with worse nutrition and F508del genotype, whereas anaerobe prevalence was positively associated with pancreatic sufficiency, better nutrition and better lung function. A higher total anaerobe/total aerobe CFU ratio was associated with pancreatic sufficiency and better nutrition. Subjects grouped by factor analysis who had relative dominance of anaerobes over aerobes had milder disease compared with a Pseudomonas-dominated group with similar proportions of subjects that were homozygous for F508del.In summary, anaerobic bacteria occurred at an early age. In sputum-producing subjects anaerobic bacteria were associated with milder disease, suggesting that targeted eradication of anaerobes may not be warranted in sputum-producing CF subjects.

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YANG, X., M. BADONI, M. K. YOUSSEF, and C. O. GILL. "Enhanced Control of Microbiological Contamination of Product at a Large Beef Packing Plant†." Journal of Food Protection 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-291.

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Swab samples were obtained from groups of 25 carcasses at various stages of processing at a large beef packing plant. The log mean number of aerobes recovered from carcasses after skinning was 2.2 log CFU/cm2. Spraying the uneviscerated carcasses with 5% lactic acid reduced the numbers of aerobes by about 1 log unit; but subsequent carcass dressing operations, a second treatment with 5% lactic acid, pasteurizing, and carcass cooling had no substantial effect upon the number of aerobes on carcasses. The total numbers of coliforms or Escherichia coli cells recovered from skinned carcasses were <2 log CFU/2,500 cm2. The numbers were reduced by the washing of uneviscerated carcasses but increased after evisceration operations. The numbers were reduced by spraying with lactic acid and pasteurizing, with no coliforms or E. coli being recovered from pasteurized carcass sides. No coliforms or E. coli cells were recovered from the forequarters of cooled carcass sides, but E. coli cells were recovered from the hindquarters of 1 of 50 cooled carcass sides, at 1.4 log CFU/1,000 cm2. The numbers of aerobes on conveyor belts in the carcass breaking facility were similar to the numbers on cooled carcass, but the numbers of aerobes on cuts and trimmings and the number of coliforms and E. coli cells on the products and belts were higher than the numbers on carcasses. The findings indicate that most cooled carcasses produced at the plant carry E. coli at numbers <1 CFU/10,000 cm2 but that product can be contaminated with small numbers of E. coli (<1 CFU/100 cm2) during carcass breaking.

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HUTCHISON, MICHAEL L., D. JOHN I. THOMAS, ALISON H. SMALL, SAVA BUNCIC, and MARY HOWELL. "Implementation of Compulsory Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point System and Its Effect on Concentrations of Carcass and Environmental Surface Bacterial Indicators in United Kingdom Red Meat Slaughterhouses." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 1633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.7.1633.

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Statutory microbiological test results were collected from British meat plants over a 4-year period from June 2002 to May 2006. A total of 49,074 carcass test results from 19,409 cattle, 14,706 sheep, and 14,959 pig swabs and 95,179 environmental test results from surface swabs were obtained. These test results were donated by 94 slaughterhouses, which process about two thirds of the British national annual throughput of cattle, sheep, and pig carcasses. The data were collectively analyzed to determine any historical trends for numbers of total aerobes and Enterobacteriaceae. Significant reductions were observed in the numbers of indicator organisms on carcasses for all three species between 2002 and 2006. Reductions were also observed for numbers of aerobes on environmental and food contact surfaces. There were seasonal differences in bacterial numbers isolated from carcasses. Cattle and sheep carcasses had significantly higher numbers of total aerobes and Enterobacteriaceae in late summer and early autumn, whereas numbers of total aerobes on pig carcasses were higher in winter. Bacterial numbers on environmental surfaces were not influenced by the month that the swab samples were collected. Possible reasons for the observed reductions in bacterial numbers on carcasses and surfaces and the implications for carcass testing for process control purposes are discussed.

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Harvey, C. E., C. Thornsberry, B. R. Miller, and F. S. Shofer. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Subgingival Bacterial Flora in Cats with Gingivitis." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 12, no. 4 (December 1995): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649501200406.

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The aerobic and anaerobic flora from gingival pockets of 40 cats with established gingivitis were cultured. The susceptibility of each isolate to four antimicrobial agents currently approved for use in cats (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; clindamycin; cefadroxil; enrofloxacin) was determined. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (Clavamox®) had the highest in-vitro susceptibility against all isolates (92%) and all anaerobes (99% [co-equal with clindamycin]) tested; enrofloxacin (Baytril®) had the highest in-vitro susceptibility against all aerobes (90%) tested.

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Lai, Bin, Anh Nguyen, and Jens Krömer. "Characterizing the Anoxic Phenotype of Pseudomonas putida Using a Bioelectrochemical System." Methods and Protocols 2, no. 2 (March 30, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps2020026.

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Industrial fermentation in aerobic processes is plagued by high costs due to gas transfer limitations and substrate oxidation to CO2. It has been a longstanding challenge to engineer an obligate aerobe organism, such as Pseudomonas putida, into an anaerobe to facilitate its industrial application. However, the progress in this field is limited, due to the poor understanding of the constraints restricting its anoxic phenotype. In this paper, we provide a methodological description of a novel cultivation technology for P. putida under anaerobic conditions, using the so-called microbial electrochemical technology within a bioelectrochemical system. By using an electrode as the terminal electron acceptor (mediated via redox chemicals), glucose catabolism could be activated without oxygen present. This (i) provides an anoxic-producing platform for sugar acid production at high yield and (ii) more importantly, enables systematic and quantitative characterizations of the phenotype of P. putida in the absence of molecular oxygen. This unique electrode-based cultivation approach offers a tool to understand and in turn engineer the anoxic phenotype of P. putida and possibly also other obligate aerobes.

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Goldstein, Ellie J. C., Diane M. Citron, C. Vreni Merriam, Kerin TyRrell, and Yumi Warren. "Activity of Gatifloxacin Compared to Those of Five Other Quinolones versus Aerobic and Anaerobic Isolates from Skin and Soft Tissue Samples of Human and Animal Bite Wound Infections." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 1475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.6.1475.

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ABSTRACT The activity of gatifloxacin against 308 aerobes and 112 anaerobes isolated from bite wound infections was studied. Gatifloxacin was active at ≤0.016 μg/ml against all 148 Pasteurellaisolates (eight species and three subspecies) tested and all other aerobes tested, including Actinobacillus-Haemophilus spp.,Eikenella corrodens, Neisseria weaveri,Weeksella zoohelcum, staphylococci, and streptococci. Fusobacteria were sometimes resistant. Gatifloxacin MICs at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited were 0.125 μg/ml againstBacteroides tectum and Prevotella spp., 0.25 μg/ml against Porphyromonas spp., and 0.5 μg/ml against peptostreptococci.

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Weber, Randal S. "Wound Infection in Head and Neck Surgery: Implications for Perioperative Antibiotic Treatment." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 76, no. 11 (November 1997): 790–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556139707601107.

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Perioperative antibiotic treatment significantly reduces the risk of postoperative wound infection and is cost-effective in clean-contaminated head and neck operations. A clear consensus on the most suitable single agent or combination is, however, lacking. Most surgical wound infections involve both gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes; some organisms may exhibit antibiotic resistance through beta-lactamase production. Comparative trials have indicated that combinations with both aerobic and anaerobic activity provide protection superior to that achieved with single agents active against only aerobic pathogens. Recent results suggest that the beta-lactam/beta-lactamase-inhibitor combination ampi-cillin/sulbactam is cost-effective for perioperative treatment of patients undergoing head and neck surgery.

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Abang Abdullah, Asma Alhusna. "Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation of Stabilised Periodontal Patients Undergoing Early Stage of Orthodontic Treatment." Medicine & Health 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mh.2020.1502.11.

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Orthodontic treatment may affect the equilibrium of oral microbiota which plays a major role in aetiology of periodontal disease. This prospective clinical study aimed to assess the periodontal health and microbiological profile of healthy (Group 1) and stabilised periodontal (Group 2) patients throughout three months of orthodontic treatment. Upper and lower fixed orthodontic appliances were bonded. Periodontal health was assessed using plaque score (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket depth (PD). 29 sites were taken for subgingival plaque sampling. Plaque samples were inoculated on Trypticase Soy Blood Agar (TSBA) and Trypticase Soy Bacitracin Vancomycin (TSBV) agar for assessment of aerobe, anaerobe, black pigmented bacteria (BPB) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. All the measurements were taken before bonding (T0), 1 week (T1), 1 month (T2) and 3 months post-bonding (T3). Generally, periodontal health in both groups were almost similar. After 1 week, the number of aerobes was significantly higher in Group 1 (88%) while the anaerobes were significantly higher in Group 2 (45%). A. actinomycetemcomitans was higher in Group 1 at T0 and T1 but was significantly higher in Group 2 at T3. BPB was minimal at all time with no significant difference. Thus, during the first 3-month of orthodontic treatment, there were significant changes in the number of aerobes-anaerobes in both healthy and stabilised periodontal patients. Pathogenic bacteria would increase during early treatment of orthodontics.

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GILL, C. O., and J. C. McGINNIS. "Factors Affecting the Microbiological Condition of the Deep Tissues of Mechanically Tenderized Beef†." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 796–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.4.796.

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Whole or halved top butt prime beef cuts were treated in two types of mechanical tenderizing machines that both pierced the meat with thin blades but that used blades of different forms. Aerobes on meat surfaces and in the deep tissues of cuts after treatments were counted. When cuts were treated at a laboratory using a Lumar machine, the contamination of deep tissues increased significantly (P < 0.01) with increasing numbers of aerobic bacteria on meat surfaces and decreased significantly (P < 0.001) with increasing distance from the incised surface. However, contamination did not increase significantly (P > 0.1) with repeated incising of the meat. When halved cuts were incised one or eight times using a commercially cleaned Ross machine at a retail store, the numbers of aerobes recovered from deep tissues were similar with both treatments. When halved cuts were treated in one or other machine, deep tissue contamination was greater with the Lumar machine than with the Ross machine. Contamination of deep tissues as a result of tenderizing by piercing with thin blades can be minimized if the blades are designed to limit the number of bacteria carried into the meat and the microbiological condition of incised surface is well controlled.

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YANG, ZHONGPING, YANBIN LI, and MICHAEL SLAVIK. "Use of Antimicrobial Spray Applied with an Inside–Outside Birdwasher To Reduce Bacterial Contamination on Prechilled Chicken Carcasses." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.7.829.

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Antimicrobial sprays applied using a modified inside–outside birdwasher to reduce Salmonella typhimurium and total aerobic bacteria on prechilled chicken carcasses were evaluated in a poultry processing pilot plant. Four Chemicals, including trisodium phosphate (TSP, 10%), lactic acid (LAC, 2%), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC, 0.5%), and sodium bisulfate (SBS, 5%) were selected to be tested as antimicrobial agents. Each chicken carcass was inoculated by spraying the outside and inside of each carcass with S. typhimurium at 105 CFU per carcass. The inoculated carcasses then were passed through the birdwasher and sprayed with selected Chemicals at 35°C at a pressure of 413 kPa for 17 s. After a 60-s setting time on a shackle line, the carcasses were sprayed with tap water to rinse off Chemical residue. All the Chemical treatments reduced Salmonella on the chicken carcasses by approximately 2 log10 CFU per carcass. Total aerobes on the chicken carcasses, however, were reduced by 2.16, 1.66, 1.03, and 0.74 log10 CFU per carcass after spraying with 0.5% CPC, 5% SBS, 2% LAC, or 10% TSP, respectively. Spray treatments of both SBS and LAC caused slight discoloration in part of the chicken skin. The most effective antimicrobial spray treatment for reducing both Salmonella and total aerobes on prechilled chicken carcasses was 0.5% CPC.

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Salminen, S., P. A. Pridmore, E. Adnams, and J. T. Ahokas. "A comparison of the faecal microflora in wild and laboratory-held Feathertail Gliders, Acrobates pygmaeus (Marsupialia: Acrobatidae)." Australian Mammalogy 15, no. 1 (1992): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am92008.

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The major components of the faecal micron ora of Feathertail Gliders (Acrobates pygmaeus) were determined for free-living animals inhabiting eucalypt forest in the Dandenong Ranges region of Victoria and for animals obtained from the same area but kept on an artificial diet in laboratory facilities. Acrobates pygmaeus in the laboratory were fed an homogenate consisting of baby food supplemented with vitamins and honey. The wild A. pygmaeus had access to the normal dietary items available in late winter in this part of their natural range. Faecal samples obtained from both groups of animals were analysed using standard procedures to assess the numbers of total aerobes and anaerobes, yeasts, and aerobic and anaerobic streptococci. The A. pygmaeus fed artificially had a denser faecal microflora than the free-living A. pygmaeus. Each gram of faeces from the artificially fed animals contained about 108-109 colony forming units (cfu) of total anaerobes,108-109 cfu of aerobes and 105-106 cfu of yeasts. Corresponding numbers for the free-living animals were 103-105, 105-107 and 103-105. The two groups differed in the relative proportions of gram-positive bacilli and cocci in their faecal samples. The availability of food appears to innuence the faecal micronora of free-living A. pygmaeus.

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Ibekwe, A. Olu, Zain Al Shareef, and Ashraf Benayam. "Anaerobes and Fungi in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 106, no. 8 (August 1997): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949710600806.

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Microbiology of 102 ears with chronic suppurative otitis media was studied for aerobes, anaerobes, and fungi. Forty-four percent were pure cultures, 33.3% were mixed, and 18.6% had no growth. Seventy-four percent were aerobes, 25% fungi, and only 0.9% anaerobes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.5%) was the most common isolate, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and the Aspergillus species. The possible reasons for low yield of anaerobes and the pathogenic roles of anaerobes and fungi in chronic suppurative otitis media are discussed. It is advocated that in investigating pathogenic organisms in chronic suppurative otitis media, requests should include anaerobes and fungi.

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Oktiawan, Wiharyanto, Irawan Wisnu Wardhana, Endro Sutrisno, Domuanri Gorat, and Alfian Rizky Rizaldianto. "Municipal Solid Waste Management Using Bioreactor Landfill in the Treatment of Organic Waste from Jatibarang Landfill, Semarang-Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912507002.

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Landfilling is one of the easiest methods to be applied in the management of municipal solid waste (MSW). In its development, bioreactor landfill methods that have various advantages over conventional landfill emerge. This experiment aims to study the use of bioreactor landfills for the management of organic waste in Jatibarang Landfill, Semarang-Indonesia. There are 4 bioreactor landfills operated: 2 anaerobic bioreactors with leachate recirculation and addition of water, and 2 aerobic bioreactors. Different results are shown from these two types of bioreactor, where aerobic bioreactors reach peak temperatures (55oC each) faster even though anaerobic bioreactors reach higher temperatures (60oC and 61oC respectively). Anaerobic bioreactors reach a higher final pH value than aerobes while the accumulation of nitrogen content from an aerobic bioreactor is 2 times higher than anaerobes.

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Meyer, Ortwin, Kurt Frunzke, Dilip Gadkari, Susanne Jacobitz, Iris Hugendieck, and Maria Kraut. "Utilization of carbon monoxide by aerobes: recent advances." FEMS Microbiology Letters 87, no. 3-4 (December 1990): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04921.x.

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Crevenna, R., Veronika Fialka-Moser, M. Y. Keilani, Manuela Schmidinger*, Christine Marosi*, and M. Quittan. "Aerobes Bewegungstraining bei einer Mammakarzinompatientin mit inflammatorischem Rezidiv." Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 152, no. 21-22 (November 2002): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1563-258x.2002.01135.x.

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39

Brockmann, Maria, Heike Aupperle-Lellbach, Elisabeth Müller, Anton Heusinger, Michael Pees, and Rachel E. Marschang. "Aerobes Keimspektrum und Resistenzlage bei Hautläsionen von Reptilien." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 48, no. 02 (April 2020): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1115-7907.

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Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel Bakterielle Hautinfektionen kommen bei Reptilien häufig vor. Obwohl viele dieser Infektionen durch multifaktorielle Probleme verursacht werden, ist eine spezifische Behandlung nötig. Ziel der Studie war, das Keimspektrum und die Resistenzlage von aeroben Bakterien in Hautläsionen von Reptilien zu untersuchen. Material und Methoden Tupferproben dermaler Läsionen von 219 Reptilien wurden bakteriologisch untersucht (01/2017–06/2018). Die Identifizierung der Bakterien erfolgte anhand von Selektivnährböden, biochemischen Parametern sowie MALDI-TOF-MS, die Erstellung der Antibiogramme mittels Mikrodilutionsmethode. Ergebnisse Bei den insgesamt identifizierten 306 Keimisolaten handelte es sich überwiegend um gramnegative Spezies. Pseudomonas spp. (n = 48), Citrobacter spp. (n = 31, nur bei Schildkröten), aerobe Sporenbildner (n = 30), Aeromonas spp. (n = 20), Acinetobacter spp. (n = 20), Proteus spp. (n = 15), Staphylococcus spp. (n = 15), Klebsiella spp. (n = 13), Enterococcus spp. (n = 13) sowie Morganella spp. (n = 11) machten den Hauptteil aus, daneben konnten weitere gramnegative (n = 78) und grampositive (n = 12) Bakterienspezies identifiziert werden. Mischkulturen mit 2 (n = 80) oder mehr (n = 16) Keimen traten bei 96 Tieren auf. Von 208 der 306 Isolate wurden Antibiogramme erstellt. Gegenüber Enro- (E) und Marbofloxacin (M) waren viele Isolate sensibel (minimale Hemmkonzentration [MHK] in µg/ml ≤ Grenzwert), beispielsweise Pseudomonas spp. (E: 86,4 % MHK ≤ 0,5; M: 95,5 % MHK ≤ 1), Citrobacter spp. (E: 86,4 % MHK ≤ 0,5; M: 90,9 % MHK ≤ 1) und Aeromonas spp. (E: 75,0 % MHK ≤ 0,5; M: 100 % MHK ≤ 1). Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazol erwies sich als wirksam gegen die meisten Citrobacter- (90,9 % MHK ≤ 2/38) und Aeromonas- (75,0 % MHK ≤ 2/38) Isolate. Amikacin war wirksam gegen fast alle Pseudomonas spp. (97,7 % MHK ≤ 16), Citrobacter spp. (95,5 % MHK ≤ 16) sowie Aeromonas spp. (93,8 % MHK ≤ 16). Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Das Keimspektrum von Reptilienhautläsionen umfasst vor allem gramnegative Bakterien, deren klinische Relevanz für jeden Einzelfall abzuwägen ist. Viele Isolate dieser Studie waren sensibel für Fluorchinolone sowie Aminoglykoside. Da der Einsatz dieser Antibiotika zurückhaltend erfolgen sollte und gegenüber jeder getesteten Antibiotikagruppe auch resistente Isolate identifiziert wurden, wird eine Antibiogrammerstellung empfohlen.

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Jung, Patrick. "Tai-Chi wirksamer als aerobes Ausdauertraining bei Fibromylagie." Schmerzmedizin 35, no. 1 (January 2019): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00940-019-0974-z.

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GILL, C. O., L. P. BAKER, and T. JONES. "Identification of Inadequately Cleaned Equipment Used in a Sheep Carcass-Breaking Process†." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.6.637.

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Aeromonads deposited on pork during a carcass-breaking process were recovered on hydrophobic grid membrane filters placed on ampicillin-dextrin-ethanol agar. Isolates from 85 honey-yellow colonies from filters on that medium were Aeromonas hydrophila (95%) or Vibrio sp. (5%). Presumptive aeromonads, coliforms, and Escherichia coli in swab samples from product passing through a sheep carcass-breaking process were enumerated by hydrophobic grid membrane filtration techniques with a detection level of 1 CFU/100 cm2. Total aerobic counts were determined by a spread plate procedure with a detection level of 1 CFU/cm2. The numbers of aerobes, coliforms, and E. coli in the product were apparently unaffected by the carcass-breaking process, although coliforms and E. coli appeared to be redistributed from shoulder to loin and leg portions. However, the numbers of aeromonads on product increased by about two orders of magnitude as a result of the process. Few bacteria were recovered from most cleaned, large items of equipment, but aerobes, coliforms, and aeromonads were recovered at log total numbers of 5.25, 3.96, and 3.26, respectively, from most of 25 samples from bars supporting a conveyor belt. Also, aerobes, coliforms, E. coli, and aeromonads were recovered from 25 supposedly cleaned steel mesh gloves at log total numbers of 10.14, 5.54, 4.73, and 8.30, respectively. Those findings indicate that inspection of cleaned equipment and microbiological sampling of only food-contacting surfaces, as is the current practice at meat plants, cannot provide assurance that the cleaning of carcass-breaking equipment is adequate. Instead, enumeration of indicator organisms on product passing through a process seems to be required as well, with subsequent sampling of equipment to identify sources of contaminants if increases in numbers during processing are observed. For surety of adequate cleaning, enumeration of several types of indicator organism may be necessary, as increases during processing in the numbers of organisms that are present in relatively large numbers on product entering a process may be difficult to detect.

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MIN, SEA C., SI HYEON ROH, GLENN BOYD, JOSEPH E. SITES, JOSEPH UKNALIS, XUETONG FAN, and BRENDAN A. NIEMIRA. "Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Aerobic Microorganisms in Romaine Lettuce Packaged in a Commercial Polyethylene Terephthalate Container Using Atmospheric Cold Plasma." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-148.

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ABSTRACT The effects of dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric cold plasma (DACP) treatment on the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and aerobic microorganisms in romaine lettuce packaged in a conventional commercial plastic container were evaluated during storage at 4°C for 7 days. Effects investigated included the color, carbon dioxide (CO2) generation, weight loss, and surface morphology of the lettuce during storage. Romaine lettuce pieces, with or without inoculation with a cocktail of three strains of E. coli O157:H7 (~6 log CFU/g of lettuce), were packaged in a polyethylene terephthalate commercial clamshell container and treated at 34.8 kV at 1.1 kHz for 5 min by using a DACP treatment system equipped with a pin-type high-voltage electrode. Romaine lettuce samples were analyzed for inactivation of E. coli O157:H7, total mesophilic aerobes, and yeasts and molds, color, CO2 generation, weight loss, and surface morphology during storage at 4°C for 7 days. The DACP treatment reduced the initial counts of E. coli O157:H7 and total aerobic microorganisms by ~1 log CFU/g, with negligible temperature change from 24.5 ± 1.4°C to 26.6 ± 1.7°C. The reductions in the numbers of E. coli O157:H7, total mesophilic aerobes, and yeasts and molds during storage were 0.8 to 1.5, 0.7 to 1.9, and 0.9 to 1.7 log CFU/g, respectively. DACP treatment, however, did not significantly affect the color, CO2 generation, weight, and surface morphology of lettuce during storage (P > 0.05). Some mesophilic aerobic bacteria were sublethally injured by DACP treatment. The results from this study demonstrate the potential of applying DACP as a postpackaging treatment to decontaminate lettuce contained in conventional plastic packages without altering color and leaf respiration during posttreatment cold storage.

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Narain, Upma, Ashok Kumar Bajaj, and Arun Kant. "Recurrent Furunculosis: incidence of anaerobes and fungi." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 4, no. 4 (July 20, 2017): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20173220.

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Background: The occurrence of recurrent furunculosis is common. However, the only cause for the infection reported till this date was aerobes and prior reported series did not identify anaerobes as causative organisms.Methods: A retrospective study of 1760 patients with furunculosis was to determine the incidence of recurrent furunculosis and its anaerobic etiology.Results: Between Jan 2006 and Nov 2016 we identified 41.76% case of recurrent furunculosis. Within this group aerobes were isolated in 29.53% cases, anaerobes were in 53.60% and fungus was in 16.87%. The genus Fusobacterium neucleatum (28.7%) predominates among anaerobes.Conclusion: This study emphasizes that anaerobes have their own importance in the cases of recurrent furunculosis.

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44

van den Bogaard, A. E. J. M., W. F. Weidema, C. P. A. van Boven, and D. van der Waay. "Recolonization and colonization resistance of the large bowel after three methods of preoperative preparation of the gastrointestinal tract for elective colorectal surgery." Journal of Hygiene 97, no. 1 (August 1986): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400064342.

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SUMMARYThe impact of three current types of preoperative large bowel preparation on the microbial flora and the colonization resistance (CR) was investigated in 15 volunteers. In the first group a whole gut irrigation was performed without administration of antibiotics (group WGI). In the second group 0·5 g/1 metronidazole and 1 g/1 neomycin was added to the irrigation fluid (group WGI + AB). A whole gut irrigation with prior oral administration of 1 l mannitol 10% was performed in the third group. The antibiotic prophylaxis in this group consisted of two doses of 80 mg gentamiein i.v. and 500 mg metronidazole orally 24 h after lavage (group Mann + AB). One hour after the mechanical cleansing procedure was finished all volunteers were orally contaminated with one dose of anEscherichia colitest strain. The aerobic faccal reduction due to the cleansing procedure was 2–3 logs, while for the anaerobes it was 4–5 logs. The anaerobic flora in group WGI recovered within 24 h, while the aerobes showed a transient ‘overgrowth‘ for the period of 2 days. The overgrowth of aerobes in group WGI + AB was observed for more than a week and the total numbers of aerobes started gradually to decline after the anaerobic flora had reached pretreatment levels at day three or four. Despite the normal numbers of anaerobes present 24 h after treatment, overgrowth ofE. coliwas seen in the group Mann + AB, probably due to residual mannitol left in the intestinal tract. The test strain ofE. coliwas excreted for a period of 1 week by the volunteers in the groups WGI and Mann + AB, but it was isolated for more than 10 weeks in the group WGI + AB. It is thought that all three methods of preoperative large bowel preparation decreased the CR of the gastrointestinal tract because of a disturbance of the interaction between aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms and alterations of the colonic wall. The anaerobic microflora. however, appeared to be primarily responsible for the maintenance of the CR. Antimicrobial prophylaxis should consist of a high dose, short term. systemic antibiotic regimen, not only because an adequate serum level of an appropriate drug at the time of operation substantially decreases the incidence of postoperative septic complications but also because a systemic regimen scarcely influences the CR of the gastrointestinal tract. β-Aspartylglycine appeared to be a specific but not very sensitive marker for decreased CR.

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LILLARD, H. S. "Incidence and Recovery of Salmonellae and Other Bacteria from Commercially Processed Poultry Carcasses at Selected Pre- and Post-Evisceration Steps." Journal of Food Protection 52, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-52.2.88.

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This study was undertaken to determine whether bacteria are already attached to poultry skin when birds arrive at the processing plant. Multiple rinses were performed on breast skin and whole carcasses taken from five processing points in a commercial plant: Before scalding, after scalding, after picking, after the final washer, and from the exit end of the chiller. Aerobic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were recovered from carcasses in up to 40 consecutive whole carcass rinses with a difference of only about one log for Enterobacteriaceae, and 1 to 2 logs for aerobes from the first to the last rinse of carcasses taken from the beginning and the end of the processing line. Data from rinses prior to scalding indicated that bacteria were firmly attached to poultry carcasses when they first arrived in the plant. Not all bacteria were removed during processing; however, there were fewer aerobes and Enterobacteriaceae at progressive sampling points. Attached salmonellae were not always recovered in the first whole carcass rinse, but were sometimes recovered in 3rd, 5th, and 10th rinses. These data show that a single whole carcass rinse can result in false negative test results for salmonellae. Because of the small number of positive samples in this study, the probability of recovering salmonellae with a single whole carcass rinse could not be estimated accurately.

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KUO, FUENG-LIN, JOHN B. CAREY, and STEVEN C. RICKE. "UV Irradiation of Shell Eggs: Effect on Populations of Aerobes, Molds, and Inoculated Salmonella typhimurium." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.6.639.

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The effects were investigated of 254-nm UV radiation on populations of Salmonella typhimurium, aerobes, and molds on the shells of eggs. In the first experiment, the CFU of attached S. typhimurium cells on unwashed clean shell eggs were determined after 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 min of UV treatment (620 μW/cm2) on both ends of the egg. All UV treatments significantly reduced S. typhimurium CFU (P < .01). UVtreatment (620 μW/cm2) in 1-min alternating light and dark cycles for 5 min (three light and two dark) was compared to 0, 3, and 5 min of UV treatment. No significant differences in microbial populations were observed among light and dark cycles and the other UV treatments. In a subsequent experiment, the same UV treatments were utilized to evaluate photoreactivation. After UV exposure, eggs were exposed to 1 h of fluorescent light or I h of darkness or cultured immediately. S. typhimurium CFU were significantly (P < .01) reduced by the UV treatments. However, no significant differences between microbial populations exposed to UV treatment and UV radiation plus photoreactivation were detected. For studies of aerobic bacteria and molds, different UV treatment times (0, 15, and 30 min) at the intensity of 620 μW/cm2 and different intensities (620, 1350, and 1720 μW/cm2) for 15 min were evaluated. Mold CFU per egg were either 0 or 1 for all UV treatments and a 99% reduction of CFU of aerobic bacteria per egg were observed for all UV treatments. It appears from these studies that UV light can significantly reduce populations of S. typhimurium, aerobes, and molds on shell eggs.

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Wiwanitkit, Viroj. "Causative agents of liver abscess in HIV-seropositive patients: a 10-year case series in Thai hospitalized patients." Tropical Doctor 35, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0049475054036904.

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Liver abscess is an important tropical gastrointestinal disorder. HIV seropositive patients show relative immunosuppression and are more susceptible to infection, including liver abscess. This retrospective case review was made on 23 patients who were diagnosed as HIV seropositive with liver abscess in Bangkok, Thailand. We demonstrated the high rate of amoebic liver abscess in our series (17.4%) from fresh smear with five cases of tuberculosis and one case of Nocardosis. The rates of positive bacterial culture were 17.4% from blood and 47.8% from pus. Gram-negative aerobes were the major abscess pathogens in our series. Among Gram-negative aerobes, Klebsiella was the most significant microorganism, followed by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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Yu, Anfeng, Quan Feng, Zehua Liu, Yunan Zhou, and Xin-Hui Xing. "Biological wastewater treatment by a bioreactor with repeated coupling of aerobes and anaerobes aiming at on-site reduction of excess sludge." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 9 (April 1, 2006): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.270.

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Activated sludge has been widely used in wastewater treatment throughout the world. However, the biggest disadvantage of this method is the by-production of excess sludge in a large amount, resulting in difficulties in operation and high costs for wastewater treatment. Technological innovations for wastewater treatment capable of reducing excess sludge have thus become research topics of interest in recent years. In our present research, we developed a new biological wastewater treatment process by repeated coupling of aerobes and anaerobes (rCAA) to reduce the excess sludge during the treatment of wastewater. During 460-day continuous running, COD (300–700 mg/L) and TOC (100–350 mg/L) were effectively removed, of which the removal rate was above 80 and 90%, respectively. SS in the effluent was 13 mg/L on average in the rCAA bioreactor without a settling tank. The on-site reduction of the excess sludge in the rCAA might be contributed by several mechanisms. The degradation of the grown aerobes after moving into the anaerobic regions was considered to be one of the most important factors. Besides, the repeatedly coupling of aerobes and anaerobes could also result in a complex microbial community with more metazoans and decoupling of the microbial anabolism and catabolism.

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Boronina, Lyubov Grigorievna, E. V. Samatova, M. P. Kukushkina, S. A. Panova, and S. S. Ustyugova. "In-laboratory quality control of nutrients for automatic bacteriology analyzer YUNON®Labstar 50." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 66, no. 2 (March 13, 2021): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-2-110-114.

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The quality of culture media for blood culture was checked: nutrient medium for children with an antibiotic neutralizer for the cultivation of aerobes, nutrient medium with an antibiotic neutralizer for the cultivation of anaerobes, a nutrient medium with an antibiotic neutralizer for the cultivation of aerobes, nutrient medium for the cultivation of aerobes UNONA® used in the automatic bacteriological analyzer JUNONA ®Labstar 50 (SCENKER Biological Technology Co., Ltd. China). Used tenfold dilutions from 18-24 hour cultures of reference strains: ATCC 13124 Clostridium perfringens; ATCC 25285 Bacteroides fragilis; NCTC 194I8 Haemophilus influenzae; ATCC 49619 Streptococcus pneumoniae; ATCC 16615 Streptococcus pyogenes; ATCC 27853 Pseudomonas aeruginosa; ATCC 25923 Staphylococcus aureus; ATCC 25922 Escherichia coli; BKPGU-401/-885-653 Candida albicans; ATCC13813 Streptococcus agalactiae; No. 186 Enterobacter cloacae; ATCC 29212 Enterococcus faecalis; clinical isolates: Acinetobacter lwofii, Enterobacter cloacae, Candida tropicalis. All investigated reference strains were isolated on nutrient media in accordance with their biological properties when inoculated with 50 CFU / ml less than 72 hours later, as stated by the manufacturer. The study has shown that growth factors must be used to test the quality of the culture media with Haemophilus influenzae bacteria and this must be reflected in the manufacturer’s instructions.

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Brook, Itzhak, and Paula Yocum. "Quantitative Bacterial Cultures and Beta-Lactamase Activity in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 98, no. 4 (April 1989): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948909800411.

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Aspiration of the exudate through open perforation was performed in 54 children with chronic suppurative otitis media. Eighty aerobic and 81 anaerobic isolates were recovered. Aerobic bacteria only were involved in 20 patients (37%), and anaerobic organisms only in seven (13%). Mixed aerobic and anaerobic isolates were recovered from 27 patients (50%). The most common bacteria isolated were anaerobic gram-positive cocci, Bacteroides melaninogenicus group, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. There were 45 β-lactamase–producing bacteria (BLPB), 30 aerobes, and 15 anaerobes recovered from 38 patients (70%). β-Lactamase activity was detected in 30 of the 38 ear aspirates (79%) that contained BLPB. All but one of these organisms were in excess of 104 colony-forming units/mL. The detection of β-lactamase activity in the ear aspirates provides evidence of the role of BLPB in the failure of penicillin therapy to eradicate chronic ear infection.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aerobes'

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