Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aerobic gram-negative

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Academic literature on the topic 'Aerobic gram-negative'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Aerobic gram-negative"

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Parodi, Stephen, and Matthew Bidwell Goetz. "Aerobic gram-negative bacillary pneumonia." Current Infectious Disease Reports 4, no. 3 (May 2002): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11908-002-0088-x.

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Monteil, H., and C. Harf-Monteil. "Aerobic gram-negative bacilli: newer nosocomial pathogens." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 8, no. 4 (May 1997): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8579(97)00013-7.

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Mokaddas, E. M., and S. C. Sanyal. "Imipenem Resistance in Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacteria." Journal of Chemotherapy 10, no. 2 (January 1998): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/joc.1998.10.2.97.

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Bzdil, J., O. Holy, and J. Toporcak. "Gram-negative aerobic and microaerophilic microorganisms isolated from pathological processes and lesions of horses." Veterinární Medicína 63, No. 2 (February 22, 2018): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/117/2017-vetmed.

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The pathogenicity of bacterial strains isolated from pathological processes and lesions of horses, strategies for their treatment and the choice of appropriate antimicrobials are frequently a challenging problem for private veterinarians who seek help in our laboratory. Therefore, the aim of this study was to map genera and species of Gram-negative aerobic and microaerophilic microorganisms isolated from pathological processes in horses and to identify the most effective antimicrobial agents for therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility. Between 2009 and 2014 a total of 449 clinical samples (n = 449) were examined; 229 (51%) of them were obtained from the respiratory tract, 121 (27%) from the skin, 40 (8.9%) from the digestive tract, 40 (8.9%) from the eyes, eight (1.8%) from the urinary system, six (1.3%) from the musculoskeletal system, four (0.9%) from the lymphatic system and one (0.2%) from milk. The examination was performed using conventional microbiological culture methods. The identification of isolates was confirmed using MALDI-TOF molecular phenotyping (Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Bremen, Germany). From the 276 Gram-negative isolates (prevalence of 61.5%), the most frequently detected strains were Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Actinobacillus spp. with prevalence rates of 7.6%, 6.7%, 6.7%, 6.0% and 5.8%. In addition, another 20 genera of microorganisms were detected. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined using the disc diffusion method. The most effective agents were gentamicin (94.1%), enrofloxacin (91.7%), colistin (87.0%), florfenicol (86.2%), neomycin (85.5%), streptomycin (82.4%) and tetracycline (78.5%). A good knowledge of the spectrum of bacterial species participating in pathological processes and lesions in horses and their antimicrobial susceptibility may be of great importance not only in treatment but also in deciding which prophylactic antibiotics to administer after surgical interventions.
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Raj, Harkisan D., and Stanley R. Maloy. "Family Spirosomaceae: Gram-Negative Ring-Forming Aerobic Bacteria." Critical Reviews in Microbiology 17, no. 5 (January 1990): 329–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10408419009114761.

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Harvey, C. E., C. Thornsberry, B. R. Miller, and F. S. Shofer. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Subgingival Bacterial Flora in Dogs with Gingivitis." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 12, no. 4 (December 1995): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649501200407.

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The aerobic and anaerobic flora from gingival pockets of 49 dogs with severe gingivitis and periodontitis were cultured. The susceptibility of each isolate to four antimicrobial agents currently approved for veterinary use in the USA (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; clindamycin; cefadroxil; and enrofloxacin) was determined. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (Clavamox® Pfizer Animal Health) had the highest in-vitro susceptibility against all isolates (96%), all aerobes (94%) and all anaerobes (100%) tested. For gram-negative aerobes, enrofloxacin (Baytril®, Bayer Corp.) had the highest in-vitro susceptibility activity. For bacteria associated with treatment of gingivitis, which typically are mixed aerobic/anaerobic and gram-positive/gram-negative organisms, the antimicrobial of choice for clinical use based on these susceptibility tests is amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.
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ALLEN, K. D., and H. T. GREEN. "Aztreonam in infections due to aerobic Gram-negative bacteria." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 23, no. 2 (1989): 290–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/23.2.290.

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Manafi, M., and W. Kneifel. "Rapid methods for differentiating Gram-positive from Gram-negative aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria." Journal of Applied Bacteriology 69, no. 6 (December 1990): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01579.x.

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Egli, Thomas, Hans-Ulrich Weilenmann, Tarek El-Banna, and Georg Auling. "Gram-Negative, Aerobic, Nitrilotriacetate-Utilizing Bacteria from Wastewater and Soil." Systematic and Applied Microbiology 10, no. 3 (August 1988): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0723-2020(88)80016-x.

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Donaldson, Scott G., S. Q. Azizi, and Anthony R. Dal Nogare. "Characteristics of Aerobic Gram-negative Bacteria Colonizing Critically III Patients." American Review of Respiratory Disease 144, no. 1 (July 1991): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/144.1.202.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aerobic gram-negative"

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Paton, Robert Hunter. "β-lactamase-mediated resistance in nosocomial Gram negative aerobic Bacilli." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20095.

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A survey of antibiotic resistance on Gram negative aerobic bacilli, which had been isolated from blood cultures during the period 1980-1991 from Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, was performed. All viable cultures were investigated for susceptibility to an extensive range of antibiotics including the newer carbapenems imipenem and meropenem. One hundred and sixty seven Gram negative, oxidase negative, aerobic bacilli, that were found to be resistant to cefuroxime (≥8.0μg/ml), were investigated further. The predominant species present were: enterobacter, serratia and acinetobacter. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) and conjugation studies were performed. None of the strains that transferred ampicillin resistance to Escherichia coli J62-2 co-transferred resistance to any of the later generation cephalosporins or to imipenem. It was apparent that inducible chromosomal β-lactamases were the main cause of cefuroxime resistance in these strains. Amongst the cefuroxime resistant strains an isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii was found to be resistant to all β-lactams including imipenem and meropenem. Isoelectric focusing revealed the presence of a chromosomal cephalosporinase and a novel β-lactamase of pI 6.65. Despite the fact that the original clinical isolate could be cured of its resistance to carbapenems and penicillins by growing in the presence of ethidium bromide with the concurrent loss of the enzyme of pI 6.65, no resistance plasmid was transferred. Plasmids were isolated but the physical loss of a plasmid in the cured strain could not be demonstrated. The enzyme hydrolysed penicillin, ampicillin and cephaloridine slowly during enzyme assay but inactivation of carbapenems could only be demonstrated by microbiological means. The enzyme was thus designated ARI 1 (Acinetobacter resistant to imipenem). The molecule size of the ARI 1 enzyme was 23 kDa. It was inhibited by BRL 42715 indicating that it was a serine active site β-lactamase. It was not inhibited by EDTA.
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Ebling, Geoffrey Andrew. "The biochemical and antibiogram characteristics of aerobic gram negative enteric bacilli from Llamas (Lama glama)." Scholarly Commons, 1991. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2207.

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A search of the literature revealed few references to the normal enteric flora of non-human vertebrates in general and the llama, Lama glama, in particular. The bacteriologic flora of the llama as a research project was suggested by my major professor, Dr. Fuad M. Nahhas, after it was brought to his attention by one of his assistants in the microbiology department of Dameron Hospital (Stockton, CA) that her pet llama was suffering from diarrhea. Fecal material from the llama was cultured and Yersinia enterocolitica was recovered. At the same time normal bacterial flora resembling those isolated from human material were also found. In seeking a research project I thought a bacteriologic examination of fecal material from llamas would be of some interest. A search of the literature revealed a great deal of information about parasitic infections of the llama, particularly by South American parasitologists and veterinarians,. but little information on the bacteriologic flora. Most of the published reports discuss enteric pathogens and enteric diseases (Fowler, 1989). Equally scarce are reports on the antibiotic pattern of such isolates; most reports on antimicrobial activity are limited to determining which drugs are effective in the treatment of a particular infection (Timoney et al, 1988). In contrast with this, Gram negative isolates from human intestinal material are well known and their antibiograms well documented in the literature as well as in unpublished hospital records. The use of antibiotics, discriminately or indiscriminately, in the treatment of human infections and the addition of antibiotics, especially tetracycline, to animal feeds to promote growth have led to the emergence··of resistant strains among these bacteria. To what extent such resistance exists in, has crossed over to, or has been exchanged among the intestinal isolates of humans and other vertebrates is not known. The objective of this study is, therefore, twofold: 1) to conduct a survey of the Gram negative aerobic intestinal bacterial flora of llamas to determine what species are present and their relative abundance; 2) to compare their biochemical (biotypes) and antibiotic patterns (antibiogram) with isolates from other animals and humans where information is available.
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Adrian, Peter V. "Trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase genes in South African isolates of aerobic Gram-negative commensal faecal flora." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26335.

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A survey was conducted in South Africa to determine the incidence of resistance in aerobic Gram-negative commensal faecal flora. Faecal specimens from 272 out of 362 (75%) healthy volunteers carried trimethoprim-resistant strains, from which 357 trimethoprim-resistant organisms were isolated. Trimethoprim resistance was transferable by conjugation in 55% of the isolates. The majority of the isolates were resistant to other antimicrobial agents including ampicillin 71.4% and tetracycline 88%. Most of these resistance phenotypes co-transferred with trimethoprim resistance. Analysis of 148 plamids revealed 79 different restriction profiles which indicated that there is a large gene pool of trimethoprim-resistant organisms in the faecal flora. High-level resistance to trimethoprim (MIC ≥ 1024mg/l) occurred in 98.6% of the isolates suggesting that resistance in these isolates was mediated by the production of additional trimethoprim resistant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) genes. To determine the epidemiology of these genes, oligonucleotide probes were designed from the nucleotide sequence of a heterogeneous region which occurs within all trimethoprim resistant DHFR genes. Hybridisation experiments revealed that contrary to all previous data, the most prevalent DHFR of the transferable genes which hybridised was the type Ib (30%), followed by the type VIII (23%), V (13%), Ia (6%), VII (3%) and XII (0.5%). On the other hand the type VII, (38%) was the most prevalent dihydrofolate reductase gene in the 161 (45%) isolates which did not transfer their resistance factors, followed by type Ia (25%), type Ib (12%), type V (2%) and type VIII (0.5%).
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Serpa, Lori Etta. "The biochemical and antibiogram characteristics of aerobic gram negative enteric bacilli, with special reference to Escherichia coli, from macaws." Scholarly Commons, 1999. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/520.

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This study describes the biochemical activity and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns (antibiograms) of 104 gram-negative bacteria, represented by six species of bacilli, isolated from ten macaws of the genus Ara. Bacterial samples were acquired from fecal matter of six different species of macaws, ages one to three years, housed in a variety of locations. Bacteria from these samples were cultured onto selective media for classification. Identification and biochemical characterization were accomplished with the API 20E system. Escherichia (E.) coli accounted for 78% (81/1 04) of the total number of isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer method. Biotype and antimicrobial susceptibility data gathered in this study correspond with data of studies done on pigeons and llamas. These data show specific E. coli biotypes as members of the microflora of macaws.
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Schurr, Michael J. (Michael John). "Molecular and Kinetic Characterization of the Aspartate Transcarbamoylase Dihydroorotase Complex in Pseudomonas putida." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277575/.

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Aerobic Gram negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas putida were reported to possess class A ATCases and to have a M.W. of 360 kD. The nucleotide sequence of the P. putida pyrBC was determined to answer this question once and for all. The expected regulatory gene was not found. It is shown that the P. putida pyrB gene is overlapped by pyrC by 4 bp. The P.putida pyrB is 1005 bp (335 aa) in length and the pyrC is 1275 bp (425 aa) long. Both of these genes complement E. coli mutants with their respective genotypes. Another finding borne out from the sequence is an effector binding site at the N-terminus of pyrB of P. putIda. The binding site shows that effectors compete with carbamoylphosphate for the active site. In this dissertation, it is shown that the ATCase of P.putida is a trimer of M.W. of 109 kD (3 x 36.4 kD) and that the gene encoding pyrB is overlapped by the pyrC gene which encodes DHOase. It is also shown that the pyrBC encoded enzymes copurify as a dodecameric complex with a M.W. of 484 kD.
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Silva, Josefa Bezerra da. "Papel das citocinas e quimiocinas na resposta imunológica murina na infecção por Leptospira interrogans sorovar Copenhageni." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-18062012-095355/.

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A leptospirose é uma zoonose causada por bactérias do gênero Leptospira. A patogênese da doença em humanos é observada principalmente no pulmão, fígado e rins. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o papel da resposta imune inata na proteção contra a leptospirose usando camundongos como modelo experimental. Os animais foram infectados com L. interrogans e o desenvolvimento da doença foi acompanhado, observando-se a morte de animais C3H/HeJ, enquanto C3H/HePas apresentou icterícia e BALB/c não apresentou sintomas. O perfil de mRNA foi medido por qPCR nas amostras de rim, fígado e pulmão e as concentrações de proteinas TNF-α, TGF-b, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2 e IL-8 foram analisadas por ELISA em extratos dos tecidos e no soro. Os resultados demonstraram que L. interrogans estimula a expressão prematura de TNF-α, TGF-b, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2 e IL-8 na linhagem BALB/c resistente à infecção. A análise histológica indica que estes mediadores podem estar relacionados com o influxo de diferentes células do sistema imune desempenhando importantes funções na proteção contra leptospirose.
Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Leptospira. The pathogenesis in humans is mainly observed in lungs, livers and kidneys. In this work the role of innate immune response in protection against leptospirosis is being studied using different mice models. The animals were infected intraperitoneally with virulent cells of L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni and the development of the disease was followed, being observed mortality of C3H/HeJ mice, whereas C3H/HePas presented jaundice and BALB/c mice remained asymptomatic. Samples of liver, kidney, lungs and sera were analyzed following the profiles of mRNA and protein of the cytokines TNF-α and TGF-b and chemokine MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2 and CXCL1/IL-8. We showed that Leptospira infection stimulates early expression of cytokine TNF-α and TGF-b and chemokine MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2 and IL-8 in the resistant mice strain BALB/c. Histological analysis indicates that the expression of those molecules can be related to the influx of distinct immune cells, which play a role in the naturally acquired protective immunity.
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Hadley, Katherine M. "An investigation of cefotaxime resistance in aerobic Gram-negative bacilli isolated from surveillance flora of patients undergoing a selective parenteral and enteral antisepsis regimen in the intensive therapy unit." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22281.

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Disenchanted by the failure of conventional approaches to infection in a Dutch team developed a preventative approach stressing the importance of endogenously-derived infection and the protective role of the anaerobic flora in colonization resistance. They applied selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) to the novel setting of the intensive therapy unit (ITU) with impressive results. SDD was part of a triple regimen which included systemic cefotaxime and intensive microbiological surveillance. Intrigued by the Dutch findings a Scottish team applied a similar selective parental and enteral antisepsis regimen (SPEAR) to patients in a local medical-surgical ITU with encouraging results. Such use of cefotaxime might result in 1) the selection in certain species of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli (AGNB) of stably derepressed mutants which hyperproduce AmpC b-lactamases or 2) the selection and dissemination of extended-spectrum b-lactamases. Both types of enzymes attack multiple b-lactam antibiotics. The objective was to investigate those AGNB from surveillance flora showing resistance to cefotaxime with reference to plasmid-mediation and b-lactamase characterization using molecular biology techniques. One hundred and seventy-five of 200 isolates collected over a period of two years and ten months fulfilled the criteria for the study. Plasmids were detected in 78 of 175 isolates by agarose gel electrophoresis with sizes ranging from 2 kb to 214 kb. Transconjugation experiments were carried out on all isolates. Both test and control systems were used. b-Lactamases were detected in 144 of 175 isolates by isoelectric focusing. All isolates were tested for susceptibility to a battery of b-lactam antibiotics chosen to facilitate the recognition of the resistance patterns associated with particular b-lactamase types. Disk diffusion and agar dilution methods were used. All isolates were tested for the production of extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs). Potential ESBLs were found in four isolates and their relevance is discussed. There was evidence of chromosomal b-lactamase derepression in 65 of the 175 isolates examined.
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Wolf, Paulo Silva. "Clonagem, expressão e avaliação da imunogenicidade e do potencial adjuvante induzidos pela proteína \"heat-shock\" Cpn60 da Bordetella pertussis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-26082010-163625/.

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A proteína Cpn60 faz parte de um grupo de proteínas altamente conservadas que estão envolvidas em funções celulares essenciais. camundongos BALB\\c foram imunizados com 5 ou 10 µg da proteína recombinante (Cpn60r) sozinha ou adicionada à vacina DTP sem hidróxido de alumínio (NADTP). A vacina DTP do Instituto Butantan (DTP) foi usada como controle. Foi avaliada a produção de citocinas por células esplênicas após reestímulo in vitro com a Cpn60r. Os animais foram desafiados após o protocolo de imunização. A Cpn60r sozinha ou misturada à vacina NADTP foi capaz de induzir níveis de anticorpos contra pertussis mais altos do que os induzidos pela DTP. Os níveis de IgG1 e IgG2a foram similares para todos os grupos. Pôde-se observar a produção de de IL-6 e IFN-γ nos grupos imunizados com Cpn60r. Os grupos imunizados com Cpn60r+NADTP apresentaram um índice de proteção entre 60 e 80% contra o desafio pela bactéria virulenta, semelhante ao grupo imunizado com DTP. A proteína Cpn60r é bastante promissora não somente como imunógeno, mas também como adjuvante.
The Cpn60 protein is a member of a group of higly conserved proteins linked to essencial cell functions. The Cpn60 was cloned, expressed and its immune response has been evaluated. BALB\\c mice were immunized with 5 or 10 µg of the recombinant protein (Cpn60r) alone or mixed with DPT vaccine without aluminum hidroxyde (NADPT). The DPT vaccine from Instituto Butantan was used as control. We evaluated the cytokines production by spleen cells after they have been reestimulated in vitro with Cpn60r. The animals were challenged after the immunization protocol. The Cpn60r alone or mixed with NADPT vaccine was able to induce higher antibodies levels than DPT. IgG1 and IgG2a levels were similar in all groups. We could detect levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ on groups immunized with Cpn60r. The groups immunized with Cpn60r+NADTP showed a 60 and 80% protection rate against the challenge with the live bacteria, similar to the group immunized with DPT. These results show the immune response of the recombinant protein that could be included in immunization protocols for pertussis.
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Yara, Ricardo. "Localização in situ e caracterização molecular da bactéria endossimbionte de Pleurotus ostreatus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-21082006-150238/.

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O fungo Pleurotus ostreatus pertence ao grupo de basidiomicetos que degradam madeira. Este cogumelo cultivado em todo mundo apresenta grande rusticidade e produtividade, e pode ainda ser usado em processos de biorremediação e biopolpação. Devido a seu potencial biotecnológico, torna-se interessante a compreensão da interação deste com outros microrganismos. Neste sentido, recentemente foi observada a presença de bactérias associadas a P. ostreatus em culturas in vitro, que apresentavam grande pleomorfismo. A partir desta observação foram elaborados ensaios que visaram a confirmação da presença de bactérias. Para tanto, foi utilizada a estratégia do “Ciclo Completo de Análise do rRNA” (full-cycle rRNA analysis) empregada em microrganismos não cultiváveis ou de crescimento fastidioso, além do emprego de técnicas de microbiologia básica, e de estudos de ultraestrutura. Os estudos de microbiologia básica indicaram que se tratava de um microrganismo fastidioso e que se desenvolvia melhor na presença do fungo em sistema de co-cultivo em meios contendo Tween 80 ou Tween 20. Por sua vez, a análise de ultraestrutura demonstrou a presença de estruturas pleomórficas, tanto internamente como externamente à hifa. Em relação ao “Ciclo completo de Análise do rRNA” este se iniciou pela amplificação e seqüenciamento de parte do rDNA bacteriano, que revelou a proximidade desta bactéria com o Complexo Burkholderia cepacia (CBC). A partir desta seqüência, foi realizado um estudo de bioinformática que indicou sondas específicas para este grupo de bactérias. Completando o Ciclo completo de Análise do rRNA, foram realizados ensaios de hibridização in situ fluorescente (FISH) para a confirmar a relação entre as estruturas bacterianas e a seqüência obtida. Este método comprovou a presença das bactérias no interior das hifas de P. ostreatus. Este trabalho constitui o primeiro relato de bactérias pleomórficas pertencente ao complexo B. cepacia associados a P. ostreatus.
The fungus Pleurotus ostreatus, which belongs to white rot basidiomycete group, is a widely cultivated mushroom; this species has high productivity and rusticity, besides its use in biobleaching and bioremediation processes. This biotechnological potential justifies microbial interaction studies between this fungi and others microorganisms. In P. ostreatus mycelia, it has been observed pleomorphic bacteria growing on agar media. This research describes several assays to confirm bacterial presence in this sample. Therefore, the full-cycle rRNA analysis (described for unculturable or fastidious microorganism), ultrastructure and basic microbiology approaches were employed. Basic microbiology approaches indicated slow growing bacteria, which grown faster near to fungi colonies in solid media amended with Tween 80 or Tween 20 (co-culture system). Ultrastructure studies confirm the presence of intracellular and extracellular pleomorphic bacteria. The full-cycle rRNA analysis started with 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing. This approach demonstrated a relation between these bacteria with Burkholderia cepacia complex. By bioinformatics analysis was determinate which DNA probes can be use to identified this bacterial group. The last step for full-cycle rRNA analysis was applying fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). This technique confirmed the relationship between 16S rDNA bacterial sequence and bacterial forms. This is the first time that a pleomorphic bacteria from B. cepacia complex is found associated with P. ostreatus.
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Moreira, Leandro Marcio. "Análise comparativa entre os genomas dos fitopatógenos Xylella fastidiosa e Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-01102018-164651/.

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Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) e Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) são gama proteobactérias gram negativas, responsáveis por grandes perdas econômicas no setor citrícola brasileiro. Com seus genomas seqüenciados e anotados, fizemos uma análise comparativa entre suas composições gênicas e seus ambientes de vida. Xac apresenta um genoma de 5.2Mb contra 2.7Mb de Xf Isto reflete no número de genes (4432 contra 2838) que acabam refletindo em uma maior complexidade metabólica de Xac, caracterizada por: uma extensa gama de genes de degradação de parede celular (44), biossíntese de proteases (92), genes de funções regulatórias (296), um completo metabolismo energético (209), quimiotático (inexistente em Xf) e secretório (presença dos tipos I, II, III e IV , sendo o II em duplicata), além de um grande número de genes envolvidos com captação de ferro (65), fazem de Xac um patógeno de alto poder invasivo e de rápida propagação e virulência Em contrapartida, Xf por não possuir a complexidade supracitada, parece ter seus recursos adaptados ao ambiente em que vive, como por exemplo um alto número de genes envolvidos com biossíntese de pili, que associado à biossíntese de goma, favorecem sua adesão nas glândulas salivares do vetor (cigarrinha) e a formação de aglomerados celulares responsáveis pelo entupimento dos vasos que levam às patologias decorrentes do evento.
Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri Xac are gram negative gamma proteobacteria, responsible for great economical losses in the Brazilian citrus sector. With their sequenced and annotated genomes, we have done a comparative analysis between their genetic composition and life habitat. Xac displays a genome of 5.2Mb against 2. 7Mb of Xf. This reflects the number of genes (4432 against 2838) which results in a greater metabolic complexity of Xac, characterized by: a wide range of genes of cell wall degradation (44), biosynthesis of proteases (92), many genes of regulatory functions (296), a complex energy metabolism (209), chemotatic (absent in Xf) and secretory systerns (presence of types I, II, III and IV, type II in duplicate), besides a great number of genes involved in iron acquisition (65), make of Xac a pathogen of high invasive power and of quick spreading and virulence. In the other hand Xf, due to the lack of the complexity just cited, seems to have its resources adapted to the habitat in which it lives, as for example a large number of genes involved in pili biosynthesis, that associated with gum biosynthesis, favor its adhesion to the salivary glands of the vector (sharpshooter) and the formation of cellular agglomerations responsible for the blockage of the vessels which leads to the pathologies resulted from this event.
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Books on the topic "Aerobic gram-negative"

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S, Weyant Robin, ed. Identification of unusual pathogenic gram-negative aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.

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A, Clark William, and Centers for Disease Control (U.S.), eds. Identification of unusual pathogenic gram-negative aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Atlanta, Ga: U.S. DHHS, PHS, Centers for Disease Control ; Washington, D.C. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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3

American Society for Microbiology. Committee on Continuing Education., ed. Identification of aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative cocci: An American Society for Microbiology traveling workshop program. [Washington, D.C.]: American Society for Microbiology, 1986.

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Oostdijk, Evelien, and Marc Bonten. Oral, nasopharyngeal, and gut decontamination in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0287.

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Many infections are caused by enteric bacilli, presumably from endogenous origin. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) was developed to selectively eliminate the aerobic Gram-negative bacilli from the digestive tract, leaving the anaerobic flora unaffected. As an alternative to SDD, investigators have evaluated the effects of selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOpD) alone. Most detailed data on the effects of SDD and SOpD in ICU-patients come from two studies performed in Dutch ICUs. The Dutch studies provide strong evidence that SDD and SOpD reduce ICUmortality, ICU-acquired bacteraemia with Gram-negative bacteria, and systemic antibiotic use. Although successful application has been reported from several solitary ICUs across Europe, it is currently unknown to what extent these effects can be achieved in settings with different bacterial ecology. More studies are needed on the use of SDD or SOpD as a measure to control outbreaks with multidrug resistant bacteria.
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Book chapters on the topic "Aerobic gram-negative"

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Stanier, Roger Y., John L. Ingraham, Mark L. Wheelis, and Page R. Painter. "Gram-Negative Aerobic Eubacteria." In General Microbiology, 402–26. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08754-9_17.

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Stanier, Roger Y., John L. Ingraham, Mark L. Wheelis, and Page R. Painter. "Gram-Negative Aerobic Eubacteria." In General Microbiology, 402–26. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15028-1_17.

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Murray, Patrick R. "Infections Caused by Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria." In Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases, 285–93. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3898-0_29.

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Wauters, Georges, and Mario Vaneechoutte. "Approaches to the Identification of Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacteria." In Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 613–34. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817381.ch33.

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Rolston, Kenneth V. I., David E. Greenberg, and Amar Safdar. "Infections Caused by Aerobic and Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli." In Principles and Practice of Cancer Infectious Diseases, 423–33. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-644-3_36.

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Christensen, Jens Jørgen, and Kathryn L. Ruoff. "Aerococcus, Abiotrophia , and Other Aerobic Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci." In Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 422–36. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817381.ch24.

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Dijkhuizen, L., P. R. Levering, and G. E. de Vries. "The Physiology and Biochemistry of Aerobic Methanol-Utilizing Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria." In Methane and Methanol Utilizers, 149–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2338-7_5.

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Taylor, N., L. Silvestri, and H. K. F. van Saene. "Pathophysiology of Resistance amongst Aerobic Gram-negative Bacilli in Particular Acinetobacter Species." In Anaesthesia, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine A.P.I.C.E., 207–18. Milano: Springer Milan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2014-6_17.

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Mandell, L. A., and M. Afnan. "Interactions Among Subinhibitory Antibiotics, Aerobic Gram-negative Rods, and Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils." In The Influence of Antibiotics on the Host-Parasite Relationship III, 133–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73653-7_19.

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Degli Esposti, Mauro. "Bioenergetic Function of Gram Negative Bacteria—rom Anaerobes to Aerobes." In Phylogeny and Evolution of Bacteria and Mitochondria, 26–50. Boca raton, FL : CRC Press, [2018] | "A science publishers book.": CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22399-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Aerobic gram-negative"

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Hassanpourfard, Mahtab, Amin Valiei, Thomas Thundat, Yang Liu, and Aloke Kumar. "Biofilm Streamer Formation in a Microfluidic Porous Media Mimic." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38956.

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Several bacterial species possess the ability to attach to surfaces and colonize themselves in thin films called biofilms. Biofilms that grow in porous media are relevant to several industrial and environmental processes such as wastewater treatment and CO2 sequestration. We used Pseudomonas fluorescens, a gram negative aerobic biofilm forming bacteria, to investigate biofilm formation in a microfluidic porous media mimic device. The microfluidic device consists of an array of micro-posts, which were fabricated using soft-lithography. Subsequently, biofilm formation in this device was investigated as a function of time and the formation of filamentous biofilms known as streamers was observed. Furthermore, we used computational fluid mechanics simulation to better understanding of the streamer formation.
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Reports on the topic "Aerobic gram-negative"

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Fuller, M. E., and J. F. Jr Manning. Differential sensitivity of aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) leads to dissimilar growth and TNT transformation: Results of soil and pure culture studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/434457.

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