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Journal articles on the topic 'Aerobic gram-negative'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Parodi, Stephen, and Matthew Bidwell Goetz. "Aerobic gram-negative bacillary pneumonia." Current Infectious Disease Reports 4, no. 3 (May 2002): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11908-002-0088-x.

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2

Monteil, H., and C. Harf-Monteil. "Aerobic gram-negative bacilli: newer nosocomial pathogens." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 8, no. 4 (May 1997): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8579(97)00013-7.

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3

Mokaddas, E. M., and S. C. Sanyal. "Imipenem Resistance in Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacteria." Journal of Chemotherapy 10, no. 2 (January 1998): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/joc.1998.10.2.97.

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4

Bzdil, J., O. Holy, and J. Toporcak. "Gram-negative aerobic and microaerophilic microorganisms isolated from pathological processes and lesions of horses." Veterinární Medicína 63, No. 2 (February 22, 2018): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/117/2017-vetmed.

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The pathogenicity of bacterial strains isolated from pathological processes and lesions of horses, strategies for their treatment and the choice of appropriate antimicrobials are frequently a challenging problem for private veterinarians who seek help in our laboratory. Therefore, the aim of this study was to map genera and species of Gram-negative aerobic and microaerophilic microorganisms isolated from pathological processes in horses and to identify the most effective antimicrobial agents for therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility. Between 2009 and 2014 a total of 449 clinical samples (n = 449) were examined; 229 (51%) of them were obtained from the respiratory tract, 121 (27%) from the skin, 40 (8.9%) from the digestive tract, 40 (8.9%) from the eyes, eight (1.8%) from the urinary system, six (1.3%) from the musculoskeletal system, four (0.9%) from the lymphatic system and one (0.2%) from milk. The examination was performed using conventional microbiological culture methods. The identification of isolates was confirmed using MALDI-TOF molecular phenotyping (Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Bremen, Germany). From the 276 Gram-negative isolates (prevalence of 61.5%), the most frequently detected strains were Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Actinobacillus spp. with prevalence rates of 7.6%, 6.7%, 6.7%, 6.0% and 5.8%. In addition, another 20 genera of microorganisms were detected. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined using the disc diffusion method. The most effective agents were gentamicin (94.1%), enrofloxacin (91.7%), colistin (87.0%), florfenicol (86.2%), neomycin (85.5%), streptomycin (82.4%) and tetracycline (78.5%). A good knowledge of the spectrum of bacterial species participating in pathological processes and lesions in horses and their antimicrobial susceptibility may be of great importance not only in treatment but also in deciding which prophylactic antibiotics to administer after surgical interventions.

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Raj, Harkisan D., and Stanley R. Maloy. "Family Spirosomaceae: Gram-Negative Ring-Forming Aerobic Bacteria." Critical Reviews in Microbiology 17, no. 5 (January 1990): 329–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10408419009114761.

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6

Harvey, C. E., C. Thornsberry, B. R. Miller, and F. S. Shofer. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Subgingival Bacterial Flora in Dogs with Gingivitis." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 12, no. 4 (December 1995): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649501200407.

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The aerobic and anaerobic flora from gingival pockets of 49 dogs with severe gingivitis and periodontitis were cultured. The susceptibility of each isolate to four antimicrobial agents currently approved for veterinary use in the USA (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; clindamycin; cefadroxil; and enrofloxacin) was determined. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (Clavamox® Pfizer Animal Health) had the highest in-vitro susceptibility against all isolates (96%), all aerobes (94%) and all anaerobes (100%) tested. For gram-negative aerobes, enrofloxacin (Baytril®, Bayer Corp.) had the highest in-vitro susceptibility activity. For bacteria associated with treatment of gingivitis, which typically are mixed aerobic/anaerobic and gram-positive/gram-negative organisms, the antimicrobial of choice for clinical use based on these susceptibility tests is amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.

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7

ALLEN, K. D., and H. T. GREEN. "Aztreonam in infections due to aerobic Gram-negative bacteria." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 23, no. 2 (1989): 290–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/23.2.290.

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8

Manafi, M., and W. Kneifel. "Rapid methods for differentiating Gram-positive from Gram-negative aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria." Journal of Applied Bacteriology 69, no. 6 (December 1990): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01579.x.

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9

Egli, Thomas, Hans-Ulrich Weilenmann, Tarek El-Banna, and Georg Auling. "Gram-Negative, Aerobic, Nitrilotriacetate-Utilizing Bacteria from Wastewater and Soil." Systematic and Applied Microbiology 10, no. 3 (August 1988): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0723-2020(88)80016-x.

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10

Donaldson, Scott G., S. Q. Azizi, and Anthony R. Dal Nogare. "Characteristics of Aerobic Gram-negative Bacteria Colonizing Critically III Patients." American Review of Respiratory Disease 144, no. 1 (July 1991): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/144.1.202.

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11

Ling, J. M., L. C. Zhang, Y. W. Hui, and G. L. French. "Evaluation of Cathra system for identifying gram negative aerobic bacteria." Journal of Clinical Pathology 43, no. 7 (July 1, 1990): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.43.7.587.

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12

Kunz, Anjali N., and Itzhak Brook. "Emerging Resistant Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacilli in Hospital-Acquired Infections." Chemotherapy 56, no. 6 (2010): 492–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000321018.

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13

Goff, Debra A., and Julie E. Mangino. "Ertapenem: No effect on aerobic gram-negative susceptibilities to imipenem." Journal of Infection 57, no. 2 (August 2008): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2008.06.001.

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14

Enoch, David A., Andrew JH Simpson, and Christopher C. Kibbler. "Predictive value of isolating Pseudomonas aeruginosa from aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles." Journal of Medical Microbiology 53, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 1151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.45727-0.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a particularly virulent pathogen when it causes bacteraemia and early diagnosis is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. It is an aerobe and is thought by many to be almost exclusively isolated from the aerobic blood culture bottle in cases of bacteraemia. This study analysed 277 Gram-negative bacteraemic episodes over 1 year at a single institution in order to assess the predictive value of this finding. In 39 of 44 episodes of P. aeruginosa bacteraemia, the organism was isolated from the aerobic bottle only, which gave a sensitivity of 88.6 % for this ‘test’ and a specificity of 73.8 %. However, for all episodes of Gram-negative bacteraemia, the likelihood of a Gram-negative bacillus occurring in the aerobic bottle first being P. aeruginosa was only 39 %. The converse finding of a Gram-negative bacillus isolated first in the anaerobic bottle or from both bottles together was clinically helpful, having a negative predictive value of 97.2 % (i.e. that the organism was not P. aeruginosa).

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15

Harvey, C. E., C. Thornsberry, and B. R. Miller. "Subgingival Bacteria - Comparison of Culture Results in Dogs and Cats with Gingivitis." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 12, no. 4 (December 1995): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649501200405.

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Aerobic and anaerobic subgingival bacteria were cultured and identified from 49 dogs and 40 cats with spontaneous gingivitis. The most common organisms were gram-negative anaerobes (37% of canine isolates and 39% of feline isolates) and gram-positive aerobes (36% of canine isolates and 29% of feline isolates). No major differences were found between the subgingival floras of dogs and cats with gingivitis.

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16

Giacometti, A., O. Cirioni, G. Greganti, M. Quarta, and G. Scalise. "In Vitro Activities of Membrane-Active Peptides against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 3320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.42.12.3320.

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ABSTRACT Four peptides, cecropin P1, magainin II, indolicidin, and ranalexin, were evaluated against 202 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic bacteria by a microbroth dilution method. The gram-negative isolates were more susceptible to cecropin P1. Ranalexin was the most active compound against the gram-positive strains. The bactericidal activity of each peptide was equivalent to, or 1 dilution above, the MIC. In conclusion, the four peptides exhibited different in vitro activities and rapid time-dependent killing.

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17

Megalamani, S. B., G. Suria, U. Manickam, D. Balasubramanian, and S. Jothimahalingam. "Changing trends in bacteriology of peritonsillar abscess." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 122, no. 9 (November 27, 2007): 928–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107001144.

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AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the type of aerobic bacteria commonly isolated from peritonsillar abscesses.Study design:A retrospective study involving 60 patients presenting with peritonsillar abscess treated between 2003 and 2006.Setting:The patients were treated in a tertiary care, teaching hospital. The records of the patients were reviewed and analysed.Results:Gram-positive organisms were commonly isolated from the abscesses. However, an increasing trend towards Gram-negative bacterial isolates was noted. The antibiogram showed changing patterns of sensitivity, with a resistance to penicillin.Conclusion:There is an increasing incidence of Gram-negative aerobic bacteria causing peritonsillar abscess. Appropriate antibiotics for Gram-negative bacteria should be included in the regimen if such bacteria are isolated in culture and sensitivity studies.Significance:Empirical antibiotics with Gram-negative cover will be appropriate as adjunctive therapy.

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18

Auling, Georg, Jürgen Busse, Matthias Hahn, Hauke Hennecke, Reiner-Michael Kroppenstedt, Andreas Probst, and Erko Stackebrandt. "Phylogenetic Heterogeneity and Chemotaxonomic Properties of Certain Gram-negative Aerobic Carboxydobacteria." Systematic and Applied Microbiology 10, no. 3 (August 1988): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0723-2020(88)80011-0.

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19

Fallik, E., Y. K. Chan, and R. L. Robson. "Detection of alternative nitrogenases in aerobic gram-negative nitrogen-fixing bacteria." Journal of Bacteriology 173, no. 1 (1991): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.1.365-371.1991.

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20

Baron, E. J., and S. Antonson. "Identification of Unusual Pathogenic Gram-Negative Aerobic and Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria." Clinical Infectious Diseases 24, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/24.3.537.

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21

Gibbs, Ronald S., Jorge D. Blanco, and Steven Bernstein. "Role of Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli in Endometritis After Cesarean Section." Clinical Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_4 (November 1, 1985): S690—S695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/7.supplement_4.s690.

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22

&NA;. "??? and selective flora suppression reduced colonisation of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 799 (August 1991): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199107990-00029.

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23

Bach, M. C., and D. M. Cocchetto. "Ceftazidime as single-agent therapy for gram-negative aerobic bacillary osteomyelitis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 31, no. 10 (October 1, 1987): 1605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.31.10.1605.

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24

Skoutelis, Athanasios, Costas Chrysanthopoulos, John Starakis, George Dimitrakopoulos, and Harry Bassaris. "Treatment Of Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteremia with Sequential Intravenous to OralCiprofloxacin." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 3, no. 5 (September 1994): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019048-199409000-00005.

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25

Finegold, Sydney M., Denise Molitoris, Marja-Liisa Vaisanen, Yuli Song, Chengxu Liu, and Mauricio Bolaños. "In Vitro Activities of OPT-80 and Comparator Drugs against Intestinal Bacteria." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 12 (December 2004): 4898–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.12.4898-4902.2004.

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ABSTRACT The activities of OPT-80 against 453 intestinal bacteria were compared with those of seven other drugs. OPT-80 showed good activity against most clostridia, staphylococci, and enterococci, but streptococci, aerobic and facultative gram-negative rods, anaerobic gram-negative rods, and Clostridium ramosum were resistant. Poor activity against anaerobic gram-negative rods may maintain colonization resistance.

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26

García-Armesto, María-Rosario, Miguel Prieto, Carlos Alonso, María-Luisa GarcíLópez, María-Camino García-Fernández, and Andrés Otero. "Numerical taxonomy of psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from raw ewes' milk." Journal of Dairy Research 60, no. 3 (August 1993): 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900027710.

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SummaryA total of 204 psychrotrophic isolates from raw ewes' milk (hand and machine milked) were identified by conventional methods. In addition, a numerical taxonomic study was conducted on 180 of these isolates and 19 reference strains. Three of the isolates were yeasts. Using identification schemes, 54 isolates were assigned to genera of Gram-negative aerobic rods (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium, MoraxellaandPsychrobacter), 48 were Enterobacteriaceae (Entero-bacter, Hafnia, Klebsiella, CitrobacterandSerratia) and one was identified asAeromonas hydrophila. The 98 Gram-positive isolates were identified asEnterococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactococcus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Aureobacterium, KurthiaandMicrobacterium. At the 82% similarity level (SSM), 18 clusters were formed. Cluster I included 34 strainsof Lactococcus, StreptococcusandLeuconostoc. Most of the 35 strains in cluster II wereEnterococcus. Clusters III and IV were identified asKurthiaandMicrobacteriumrespectively. Cluster V was identified asAureobacteriumand cluster VI consisted of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Gram-negative isolates formed 12 clusters:Aeromonas(one cluster), Enterobacteriaceae (two clusters),Flavobacterium(two clusters),PseudomonasandPsychrobacter immobilis(three clusters) andAcinetobacter(four clusters). Non-motile variants ofPs. fragiwere found.Enterococcusand Enterobacteriaceae did not have significant spoilage properties. As expected, Gram-negative aerobic rods were proteolytic and/or lipolytic even at low temperature. Contamination with certain types of psychrotrophs (Gram-negative aerobic rods and enterococci) seemed to be associated with the milking method. The isolate ofAes. hydrophilahad properties associated with virulence.

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27

Hennet, Philippe R., and Colin E. Harvey. "Aerobes in Periodontal Disease in the Dog: A Review." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 8, no. 1 (March 1991): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649100800103.

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Periodontal disease has been shown to be caused by bacteria. Periodontal inflammation results as the plaque bacteria change from a predominantly non-motile, Gram-positive, aerobic coccoid microbiotal flora to a more motile, Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped flora. A review of the literature related to aerobic flora is included. The important effects of aerobic flora as well as their importance in contributing to periodontal disease development is reported.

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Deri, Connor, Whitney Nesbitt, George Nelson, and Jessica Keefe. "194. Description of Positive Blood Culture Results not Identified by Verigene Informs Empiric Antibiotic Selection." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S116—S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.269.

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Abstract Background Bloodstream infections are a leading cause of mortality amongst hospitalized patients. Optimizing time to pathogen identification and receipt of appropriate antibiotic therapy significantly decreases mortality, morbidity, and length of hospitalization. Rapid diagnostic tests, such as Verigene, assist in the early identification of bacteria and resistance determinants from positive blood cultures; however, Verigene assays are limited to the detection of 13 gram-positive and 9 gram-negative bacteria. Methods The purpose of this study was to describe gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic bacteria identified from positive blood cultures with no Verigene target detected and to use the susceptibilities to create an antibiogram to assist in empiric antibiotic selection. A total of 2325 positive blood cultures resulted between January 2017 and October 2018 underwent Verigene testing. Results Of the 2325 isolates, 383 (16.5%), had no Verigene organism or resistance mechanism detected. Of these, there were 239 (62.4%) gram-positive isolates, 141 (36.8%) gram-negative isolates, and 3 yeast isolates with 96 unique organisms. Seventy-six (19.8%) of the organisms identified by standard culture, but not Verigene testing, are included on Verigene panel. We analyzed nine common antibiotics active against gram-negative organisms to determine percent susceptibilities against the isolated aerobic pathogens: amikacin (92.1%), cefepime (93.5%), ceftazidime (94.0%), ceftriaxone (79.7%), ciprofloxacin (88.5%), gentamicin (91.9%), levofloxacin (86.9%), piperacillin–tazobactam (83.8%), and tobramycin (85.5%). Additionally, four antibiotics active against gram-positive organisms were analyzed for gram-positive susceptibilities: cefotaxime (91.8%), ceftriaxone (98.1%), levofloxacin (82.5%), and vancomycin (91.8%). Conclusion The results of this study provide clinicians with antibiotic susceptibilities against organisms that were not identified through Verigene to better guide timely and appropriate antibiotic therapy against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic bacteria. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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29

Citron, Diane M., Yumi A. Warren, Kerin L. Tyrrell, and Ellie J. C. Goldstein. "Activity of Ceftaroline against Aerobic Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Pathogens: Effect of Test Method Variability." ISRN Microbiology 2011 (November 17, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/787290.

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Ceftaroline is a new cephalosporin with bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as well as gram-negative pathogens. Variations of in vitro test conditions were found to affect ceftaroline activity, with 5% NaCl inhibiting growth and/or reducing the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for E. coli, K. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae, and streptococci, while an inoculum of 106 CFU/mL raised MICs of some E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and M. catarrhalis strains.

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Weber, Randal S. "Wound Infection in Head and Neck Surgery: Implications for Perioperative Antibiotic Treatment." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 76, no. 11 (November 1997): 790–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556139707601107.

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Perioperative antibiotic treatment significantly reduces the risk of postoperative wound infection and is cost-effective in clean-contaminated head and neck operations. A clear consensus on the most suitable single agent or combination is, however, lacking. Most surgical wound infections involve both gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes; some organisms may exhibit antibiotic resistance through beta-lactamase production. Comparative trials have indicated that combinations with both aerobic and anaerobic activity provide protection superior to that achieved with single agents active against only aerobic pathogens. Recent results suggest that the beta-lactam/beta-lactamase-inhibitor combination ampi-cillin/sulbactam is cost-effective for perioperative treatment of patients undergoing head and neck surgery.

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31

Singh, Sheo B., Priya Dayananth, Carl J. Balibar, Charles G. Garlisi, Jun Lu, Ryuta Kishii, Masaya Takei, Yasumichi Fukuda, Sookhee Ha, and Katherine Young. "Kibdelomycin Is a Bactericidal Broad-Spectrum Aerobic Antibacterial Agent." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 6 (April 6, 2015): 3474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00382-15.

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ABSTRACTBacterial resistance to antibiotics continues to grow and pose serious challenges, while the discovery rate for new antibiotics declines. Kibdelomycin is a recently discovered natural-product antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting the bacterial DNA replication enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. It was reported to be a broad-spectrum aerobic Gram-positive agent with selective inhibition of the anaerobic bacteriumClostridium difficile. We have extended the profiling of kibdelomycin by using over 196 strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic pathogens recovered from worldwide patient populations. We report the MIC50s, MIC90s, and bactericidal activities of kibdelomycin. We confirm the Gram-positive spectrum and report for the first time that kibdelomycin shows strong activity (MIC90, 0.125 μg/ml) against clinical strains of the Gram-negative nonfermenterAcinetobacter baumanniibut only weak activity againstPseudomonas aeruginosa. We confirm that well-characterized resistant strains ofStaphylococcus aureusandStreptococcus pneumoniaeshow no cross-resistance to kibdelomycin and quinolones and coumarin antibiotics. We also show that kibdelomycin is not subject to efflux inPseudomonas, though it is inEscherichia coli, and it is generally affected by the outer membrane permeability entry barrier in the nonfermentersP. aeruginosaandA. baumannii, which may be addressable by structure-based chemical modification.

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32

Mengistu, Yohannes, and Messele Gedebou. "Aerobic Gram-negative pharyngeal bacilli of adult Ethiopians: carrier rates and antibiograms." Journal of Hygiene 97, no. 2 (October 1986): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400065335.

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SummaryOne thousand pharyngeal swab specimens were processed for aerobic culture to determine the carriage rate of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). The isolates were identified and their sensitivity determined to 11 antibacterial drugs following standard techniques.Similar pharyngeal carriage rates of GNB were found among the various groups of healthy subjects. Patients had higher colonization rates (27%) than healthy subjects (16%). The increase in prevalence of GNB seemed to be associated with underlying diseases and duration of hospitalization.Klebsiella (36%) was the most frequent genus amongst the 215 isolates of GNB followed by pseudomonas (13%), enterobacter (13%) and acinetobacter (10%). Others were less frequently isolated.Over 70% of all isolates were resistant to ampicillin (79%) and carbenicillin (72%); 55, 45 and 43% were resistant to cephalothin, tetracycline and streptomycin, respectively. The great majority of the strains were sensitive to the remaining six drugs.The hospital isolates were more resistant than the non-hospital isolates to most drugs tested. The hospital strains were also more often multiply resistant (89%) than the non-hospital strains (60%). Sixty-five different resistance antibiograms of 1—10 drugs were observed among 191 strains. More varied types of antibiograms were observed among hospital strains.The high frequency of multiple drug resistance of the isolates is an indication of the extensive use of antibacterial drugs, indicating the need for a policy for judicious use of drugs.

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33

Baltimore, R. S., R. L. Duncan, E. D. Shapiro, and S. C. Edberg. "Epidemiology of pharyngeal colonization of infants with aerobic gram-negative rod bacteria." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 27, no. 1 (1989): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.27.1.91-95.1989.

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34

Tsubokura, Akira, Hisashi Yoneda, and Haruyoshi Mizuta. "Paracoccus carotinifaciens sp. nov., a new aerobic Gram-negative astaxanthin-producing bacterium." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 49, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-49-1-277.

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35

Sunna, Anwar, and Fuad Hashwa. "Thermostable amylase from an aerobic, gram-negative, non-spore forming thermophilic bacterium." Biotechnology Letters 12, no. 6 (June 1990): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01024399.

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36

Adrian, P. V., H. J. Koornhof, and B. A. Wylie. "Trimethoprim resistance in south african isolates of aerobic gram-negative faecal flora." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 12, no. 12 (December 1993): 916–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01992165.

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37

Chow, V. T. K., B. Ho, G. S. Hong, and T. C. Liu. "Bacterial and mycotic otological infections in Singapore." Journal of Hygiene 97, no. 2 (October 1986): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400065475.

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SummaryThis paper describes a microbiological study of 84 young adult men with clinical otitic infections. Gram-negative aerobic bacilli were frequently isolated from these patients diagnosed as having otitis externa or chronic suppurative otitis media, of which Pseudomonasspecies predominated.Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and aerobic Corynebacterium species (diphtheroids) were also found. About 40% of ear infections were attributed to otomycoses, chiefly from Aspergillus species and Candida parapsilosis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the bacterial isolates revealed that Pseudomonas species were generally resistant to antibiotics commonly employed in general practice: ampicillin, erythromycin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline and cephaloridine. However, polymjwin B, gentamicin and neomycin were active against some Pseudomonas isolates. Other Gram-negative bacilli were also mainly sensitiveto gentamicin, neomycin as well as co-trimoxazole. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitor concentration studies demonstrated good activity of ceftazidime, cefoperazone, tobramycin and carbenicillin against strains of Pseudomonas species and other Gram-negative rods. Cefotaxime and cefoxitin were active against Gram-negative bacilli other than Pseudomonas species. Beta-lactamase production did not appear to be the main mechanism of resistance in these communityacquired Gram-negative bacillary isolates. The antimicrobial therapy of otological infections is reviewed.

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Fuller, Mark E., and John F. Manning, Jr. "Aerobic Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Exhibit Differential Sensitivity to and Transformation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT)." Current Microbiology 35, no. 2 (August 1, 1997): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900216.

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39

Haas, Wolfgang, Chris M. Pillar, Gary E. Zurenko, Jacqueline C. Lee, Lynne S. Brunner, and Timothy W. Morris. "Besifloxacin, a Novel Fluoroquinolone, Has Broad-Spectrum In Vitro Activity against Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 8 (June 8, 2009): 3552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00418-09.

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ABSTRACT The antibacterial spectrum of besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone recently approved for treatment of ocular infections, was studied using 2,690 clinical isolates representing 40 species. Overall, besifloxacin was the most potent agent tested against gram-positive pathogens and anaerobes and was generally equivalent to comparator fluoroquinolones in activity against most gram-negative pathogens. Besifloxacin demonstrated potent, broad-spectrum activity, which was particularly notable against gram-positive and gram-negative isolates that were resistant to other fluoroquinolones and classes of antibacterial agents.

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Ringø, Einar. "The effect of chromic oxide (Cr2O3) on aerobic bacterial populations associated with the intestinal epithelial mucosa of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.)." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 1169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-177.

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Populations of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria present in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), were estimated using the dilution plate technique. The gastrointestinal bacterial flora of fish fed an unsupplemented diet was dominated by Gram-negative bacteria of the genera Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Agrobacterium, Alcaligenes, Cytophaga, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio, and Gram-positive bacteria of the genera Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Kurthia, Lactobacillus, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus. The composition of the indigenous aerobic bacterial flora in the digestive tract, and especially the microorganisms isolated from the midgut and hindgut regions, was affected by inclusion of 1% chromic oxide (Cr2O3) in the diet. Many of the Gram-negative bacterial genera and some of the Gram-positive bacterial genera were not detectable in the Cr2O3-fed fish. The midgut and hindgut regions in the Cr2O3-fed fish were dominated by Gram-positive microorganisms of the genera Lactobacillus and Streptococcus. It is suggested that the increased accumulation of Cr2O3 in the alimentary tract, as dietary compounds are removed, affects the attachment sites for the gastrointestinal microflora or affects the gut epithelium directly.Key words: chromic oxide, aerobic bacterial flora, Arctic charr.

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Źródłowski, Tomasz, Joanna Sobońska, Dominika Salamon, Isabel M. McFarlane, Mirosław Ziętkiewicz, and Tomasz Gosiewski. "Classical Microbiological Diagnostics of Bacteremia: Are the Negative Results Really Negative? What is the Laboratory Result Telling Us About the “Gold Standard”?" Microorganisms 8, no. 3 (February 29, 2020): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030346.

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Standard blood cultures require at least 24–120 h to be reported as preliminary positive. The objective of this study was to compare the reliability of Gram staining and fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) for detecting bacteria in otherwise negative blood culture bottles. Ninety-six sets were taken from patients with a diagnosis of sepsis. Six incomplete blood culture sets and eight blood cultures sets demonstrating positive growth were excluded. We performed Gram stain and FISH on 82 sets taken from post-operative septic patients: 82 negative aerobic blood cultures, 82 anaerobic blood cultures, and 82 blood samples, as well as 57 blood samples taken from healthy volunteers. From the eighty-two blood sets analyzed from the septic patients, Gram stain visualized bacteria in 62.2% of blood samples, 35.4% of the negative aerobic bottles, and in 31.7% of the negative anaerobic bottles. Utilizing FISH, we detected bacteria in 75.6%, 56.1%, and 64.6% respectively. Among the blood samples from healthy volunteers, FISH detected bacteria in 64.9%, while Gram stain detected bacteria in only 38.6%. The time needed to obtain the study results using Gram stain was 1 h, for FISH 4 h, and for the culture method, considering the duration of growth, 5 days. Gram stain and FISH allow quick detection of bacteria in the blood taken directly from a patient. Finding phagocytosed bacteria, which were also detected among healthy individuals, confirms the hypothesis that blood microbiome exists.

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Lee, Jae Hyung, Yun Sook Kim, Tae-Jin Choi, Won Jae Lee, and Young Tae Kim. "Paracoccus haeundaensis sp. nov., a Gram-negative, halophilic, astaxanthin-producing bacterium." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 1699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63146-0.

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An aerobic, non-motile, Gram-negative, orange-pigmented, rod-shaped, astaxanthin-producing marine bacterium was isolated from the Haeundae Coast, Korea. This strain, BC74171T, produced carotenoids, mainly astaxanthin. All the type strains of the genus Paracoccus were compared with strain BC74171T using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, fatty acid patterns and physiological reaction profiles. Based on the results of these analyses, it is proposed that strain BC74171T represents a novel species, Paracoccus haeundaensis sp. nov. The type strain is BC74171T (=KCCM 10460T=LMG P-21903T).

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Bitew, Adane, Yeshiwork Abebaw, Delayehu Bekele, and Amete Mihret. "Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis and Associated Risk Factors among Women Complaining of Genital Tract Infection." International Journal of Microbiology 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4919404.

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Background. Bacterial vaginosis is a global concern due to the increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections.Objectives. To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and bacteria causing aerobic vaginitis.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 patients between September 2015 and July 2016 at St. Paul’s Hospital. Gram-stained vaginal swabs were examined microscopically and graded as per Nugent’s procedure. Bacteria causing aerobic vaginitis were characterized, and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined.Results. The overall prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 48.6%. Bacterial vaginosis was significantly associated with number of pants used per day (p=0.001) and frequency of vaginal bathing (p=0.045). Of 151 bacterial isolates, 69.5% were Gram-negative and 30.5% were Gram-positive bacteria. The overall drug resistance level of Gram-positive bacteria was high against penicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Cefoxitin and tobramycin were the most active drugs against Gram-positive bacteria. The overall drug resistance level of Gram-negative bacteria was high against tetracycline, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Amikacin and tobramycin were the most active drugs against Gram-negative bacteria.Conclusions. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was high and was affected by individual hygiene. Routine culture of vaginal samples should be performed on patients with vaginitis and the drug susceptibility pattern of each isolate should be determined.

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NICOLLE, LINDSAY E., JUDY MCLEOD, MARGARET MclNTYRE, and J. A. MacDONELL. "SIGNIFICANCE OF PHARYNGEAL COLONIZATION WITH AEROBIC GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI IN ELDERLY INSTITUTIONALIZED MEN." Age and Ageing 15, no. 1 (1986): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/15.1.47.

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Leistevuo, T., P. Toivonen, M. Osterblad, M. Kuistila, A. Kahra, A. Lehtonen, and P. Huovinen. "Problem of antimicrobial resistance of fecal aerobic gram-negative bacilli in the elderly." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 10 (October 1996): 2399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.10.2399.

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In this study, we assessed the magnitude of risk (odds ratio [OR]) of patients being colonized with fecal aerobic gram-negative bacilli in two geriatric hospitals compared with the community, and we associated the use of antimicrobial agents with bacterial resistance. One fecal sample was collected from each of 341 patients, aged 60 years or older, during the hospital stay or when visiting the outpatient service. Samples were collected in 1988 and 1993 to 1994. The aerobic gram-negative bacilli from all samples were examined for resistance to seven antimicrobials by a replica plating method. The long-term-hospitalized patients had a significantly higher risk of being colonized with bacilli resistant to ampicillin (OR, 14.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 6.0 to 34.1), cefuroxime (OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 2.7 to 20.8), trimethoprim (ORs, 22.3; 95% CI, 8.6 to 57.8), and tetracycline (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 2.4 to 10.9) than the outpatients. The respective ORs among the short-term-hospitalized patients compared with the outpatients were 4.0 (95% CI, 1.9 to 8.4), 7.5 (95% CI, 2.7 to 20.8), 5.5 (95% CI, 2 to 14), and 2.0 (95% CI, 1 to 4). In 1993 to 1994 compared with 1988, in both hospitals there was a significantly increased risk of colonization by bacilli resistant to ampicillin (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.9 to 5.1), cefuroxime (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.1 to 6.7), and tetracycline (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.5). However, the total use of antimicrobial agents increased only among the patients of the short-term-care hospital.

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Lobos, J. H., T. K. Leib, and T. M. Su. "Biodegradation of bisphenol A and other bisphenols by a gram-negative aerobic bacterium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58, no. 6 (1992): 1823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.6.1823-1831.1992.

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Ishii, Hiroshi, Miyuki Nishijima, and Toshihiko Abe. "Characterization of degradation process of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins by a gram-negative aerobic bacterium." Water Research 38, no. 11 (June 2004): 2667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.03.014.

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Silvestri, Luciano, Hendrick K. F. van Saene, and Pier Camillo Parodi. "Decolonization Strategies To Control Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacillary Infections in Breast Implant Surgery." Surgical Infections 14, no. 4 (August 2013): 424–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/sur.2012.162.

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Rau, Cheng-Shyuan, Wen-Neng Chang, Ying-Chao Lin, Cheng-Hsien Lu, Po-Chou Liliang, Thung-Ming Su, Yu-Duan Tsai, et al. "Brain abscess caused by aerobic Gram-negative bacilli: clinical features and therapeutic outcomes." Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 105, no. 1 (December 2002): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0303-8467(02)00103-8.

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Trujillo, Hugo, Norman Harry, Arcangel Arango, Guillermo Benitez, Felipe Restrepo, Gloria Isabel Mejia de R., and Ana Lucia Castrillón de P. "Aztreonam in the Treatment of Aerobic, Gram-Negative Bacillary Infections in Pediatric Patients." Chemotherapy 35, no. 1 (1989): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000238717.

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