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Journal articles on the topic 'Aerodynamic interference'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Wang, Jie, and Jian Xin Liu. "Test Research on Aerodynamic Interference Effect on Aerostatic Coefficients of Main Beam in Parallel Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 2131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.2131.

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Against the problem of the aerodynamic interference effects on aerostatic coefficients between parallel continuous rigid frame bridges with high-pier and long-span, the aerodynamic interference effects on aerostatic coefficients of main beam in the parallel long-span continuous rigid frame bridges were investigated in details by means of wind tunnel test. The space between the two main beams and wind attack angles were changed during the wind tunnel test to study the effects on aerodynamic interferences of aerostatic coefficients of main beam. The test got aerostatic coefficients of 10 conditions. The research results have shown that the aerodynamic interference effects on aerostatic coefficients of main beam in parallel bridges can not be ignored. The aerodynamic interference effects on parallel bridge main beam is shown mainly as follows: The drag coefficient of main beam downstream dropped and the drag coefficient of main beam upstream changed but not change significantly. There are also the aerodynamic interference effects of lateral force coefficient and torque coefficient between the main beams upstream and downstream. The effects upstream are smaller and the effects downstream are larger.

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2

Wang, Jie, Jin Yun Zhao, and Jian Xin Liu. "Experimental Study of Aerodynamic Interference Effects on Double Thin-Walled Hollow Pier in Tandem Arrangement." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 1517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1517.

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Against the problem of the aerodynamic interference effects on aerostatic coefficients between parallel continuous rigid frame bridges with high-pier and long-span, the aerodynamic interference effects on aerostatic coefficients of double thin-walled hollow pier in the parallel long-span continuous rigid frame bridges were investigated in details by means of wind tunnel test．The space between the two piers and wind direction angles were changed during the wind tunnel test to study the effects on aerodynamic interferences of aerostatic coefficients of twin piers. The test got aerostatic coefficients of 8 conditions. The research results have shown that the aerodynamic interference effects on aerostatic coefficients of double thin-walled hollow pier in parallel bridges can not be ignored. The aerodynamic interference effects on parallel bridge pier is shown mainly as follows: The tandem interval and wind direction angles are important factors affecting interference effects. The drag coefficient of pier downstream dropped and the drag coefficient of pier upstream changed but Not change significantly. There are also the aerodynamic interference effects of lateral force coefficient and torque coefficient between the piers upstream and downstream. The effects upstream are smaller and the effects downstream are larger.

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3

Wang, Jie, and Jian Xin Liu. "Study of Aerodynamic Interference Effects on Staggered Double Thin-Walled Hollow Pier." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 1414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.1414.

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In order to investigate the aerodynamic interference effects between parallel bridges, the aerodynamic interference effects on aerostatic coefficients of double thin-walled hollow pier in the parallel continuous rigid frame bridges with high-pier and long-span were investigated in details by means of wind tunnel test. The tandem interval and side-by-side interval between the two piers and wind direction angles were changed during the wind tunnel test to study the effects on aerodynamic interferences of aerostatic coefficients of twin piers. The test got aerostatic coefficients of 10 conditions. The research results have shown that the aerodynamic interference effects on aerostatic coefficients of double thin-walled hollow pier in parallel bridges can not be ignored. The tandem interval and side-by-side interval between the two piers and wind direction angles are important factors affecting interference effects. The drag coefficient, lateral force coefficient and torque coefficient are affected by these factors.

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4

Czyż, Zbigniew, and Mirosław Wendeker. "Measurements of Aerodynamic Interference of a Hybrid Aircraft with Multirotor Propulsion." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 13, 2020): 3360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123360.

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This article deals with the phenomenon of aerodynamic interference occurring in the innovative hybrid system of multirotor aircraft propulsion. The approach to aerodynamics requires a determination of the impact of active sources of lift and thrust upon the aircraft aerodynamic characteristics. The hybrid propulsion unit, composed of a conventional multirotor source of thrust as well as lift in the form of the main rotor and a pusher, was equipped with an additional propeller drive unit. The tests were conducted in a continuous-flow low speed wind tunnel with an open measuring space, 1.5 m in diameter and 2.0 m long. Force testing made it possible to develop aerodynamic characteristics as well as defining aerodynamic characteristics and defining the field of speed for the considered design configurations. Our investigations enabled us to analyze the results in terms of a mutual impact of particular components of the research object and the area of impact of active elements present in a common flow.

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5

Chaplin, Ross, David MacManus, Friedrich Leopold, Bastien Martinez, Thibaut Gauthier, and Trevor Birch. "Aerodynamic Interference on Finned Slender Body." AIAA Journal 54, no. 7 (July 2016): 2017–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.j054704.

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6

Sahu, Jubaraj, Karen R. Heavey, and Earl N. Ferry. "Computational modeling of multibody aerodynamic interference." Advances in Engineering Software 29, no. 3-6 (April 1998): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-9978(98)00004-0.

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7

Yahyai, Mahmood, Krishen Kumar, Prem Krishna, and P. K. Pande. "Aerodynamic interference in tall rectangular buildings." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 41, no. 1-3 (October 1992): 859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90506-6.

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8

Vrdoljak, Milan. "Contribution to the propeller aerodynamic interference." PAMM 2, no. 1 (March 2003): 308–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200310138.

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9

Zhang, Jingyu, Mingjin Zhang, Yongle Li, Xu Huang, and Zhong Zheng. "Aerodynamics of High-Sided Vehicles on Truss Girder Considering Sheltering Effect by Wind Tunnel Tests." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 15, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 66–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2020-15.473.

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Aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles are directly related to their running safety, especially for the high-sided vehicles. In order to study the aerodynamic characteristics under multiple sheltering conditions, a complex large scale (1:20.4) truss model and three high-sided vehicles including articulated lorry, travelling bus and commercial van models with the same scale were built. The aerodynamic coefficients under various sheltering effects of wind barriers with different heights and porosities, bridge tower and the vehicle on the adjacent lane were measured. According to the results, wind barriers can effectively reduce wind speed behind them, thus decreasing the wind load acting on the vehicle, which causes the decrease of the aerodynamic response of all three vehicles. However, the influence at the leeward side is limited due to installation of central stabilizers. When the vehicle passes through the bridge tower, a sudden change occurs, the aerodynamic coefficients decrease and fluctuate in varying degrees, especially for the commercial van. When the vehicle moves in different lanes behind the bridge tower, the sheltering effect of the tower on the aerodynamic coefficient in Lane 1 is much greater than that in Lane 2. With regard to the interference between two vehicles on the adjacent lanes, the relative windward area between the test vehicle and the interference vehicle greatly affects the aerodynamics of the test vehicle.

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10

Han, Y., and Steve C. S. Cai. "Aerodynamic Forces of Vehicles on the Bridge under Crosswinds." Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (January 2013): 1206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.1206.

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In the present study, an experimental setup was made to measure the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles on the bridge for different cases in a wind tunnel considering the aerodynamic interference. The influence of the wind turbulence, the vehicle interference, and the distance of vehicle from the windward edge of the deck on the aerodynamic coefficients of vehicles were investigated based on the experimental results. The measured results showed that the wind turbulence, the vehicle interference, and the vehicle distance from the windward edge significantly affected the aerodynamic coefficients of vehicles.

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11

Zhou, Rui, Yongxin Yang, Lihai Zhang, and Yaojun Ge. "Interference Effect on Stationary Aerodynamic Performance between Parallel Bridges." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, no. 02 (March 2017): 1750017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455417500171.

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During the operation stage, parallel bridges may become nonparallel as a result of unequal load distribution between two parallel bridges and other special conditions. Aerodynamic performance could change significantly under nonparallel positions and become different from that under parallel positions. In this paper, the stationary aerodynamic performance of two parallel bridges under various nonparallel positions during operation stage is studied through a series of wind tunnel tests. This includes the investigation of two horizontal gap distances (HGDs), five relative vertical displacements (RVD) and five relative torsional displacements (RTD). First, sectional models of two closed box girders were tested in smooth flow for stationary aerodynamic force coefficients. An optimum iteration method was then used to calculate the structural displacements and torsional divergence critical wind velocities ([Formula: see text]) of two assumed suspension bridges under stationary aerodynamic force. The research outcomes demonstrated that the changes of stationary aerodynamic force coefficients are dependent on the relative displacements of two girders and wind attack angles. In addition, it was revealed that interference effects are detrimental to stationary aerodynamic instability of two bridges with a larger gap-width ratio (i.e. D/B [Formula: see text] 1), which is related to the aerodynamic shape of girders and bridge structures. Further, the [Formula: see text] of the leeward bridge significantly decline when the vertical position of the leeward bridge become higher that of the windward bridge. Most importantly, it showed that the combination of RVD and RTD (e.g. RVD [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm and RTD [Formula: see text]) could potentially lead to the worst stationary aerodynamic performance by decreasing [Formula: see text] of the windward and leeward bridge with 12.03% and 7.89%, respectively.

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12

Nicolosi, Fabrizio, Pierluigi Della Vecchia, and Danilo Ciliberti. "Aerodynamic Interference Issues in Aircraft Directional Control." Journal of Aerospace Engineering 28, no. 1 (January 2015): 04014048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0000379.

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13

Rajagopalan, R. Ganesh, Ted L. Rickerl, and Paul C. Klimas. "Aerodynamic interference of vertical axis wind turbines." Journal of Propulsion and Power 6, no. 5 (September 1990): 645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.23266.

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14

Chaplin, R. A., David G. MacManus, and T. J. Birch. "Aerodynamic interference between high-speed slender bodies." Shock Waves 20, no. 2 (February 2, 2010): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00193-009-0241-7.

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15

Macháček, Michael, Shota Urushadze, Stanislav Pospíšil, Arsenii Trush, and Miroš Pirner. "Aerodynamic interference of wind flow around three cylindrical bodies with surface roughness." MATEC Web of Conferences 313 (2020): 00051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031300051.

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The aerodynamic interference effect is an important and complex phenomenon that can modified wind flow around structures in a group and wind loading on structures can significantly increase. Three cylindrical buildings in one row with a rough surface and surrounding lower minor buildings were studied by experimental measurement in wind tunnel with a turbulent boundary layer. The experimental study was focused on aerodynamical forces, local dynamic pressure on a facade of the buildings, and visualization of wind flow around buildings.

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16

He, Xuhui, Fanrong Xue, Yunfeng Zou, Suren Chen, Yan Han, Bing Du, Xiangdong Xu, and Baihu Ma. "Wind tunnel tests on the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles on highway bridges." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 13 (June 5, 2020): 2882–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433220924791.

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Accurately quantifying the aerodynamic forces acting on vehicles and long-span bridges is critical for assessing the safety of moving vehicles on bridges which are subjected to strong wind. It is necessary to consider the aerodynamic interference between vehicles and the bridge, especially for this with the bluff body section and wind barriers. However, very few investigations have been carried out to find aerodynamic coefficients of vehicles on a bridge with the bluff body section and considering the effect of wind barrier. This article therefore carried out wind tunnel tests to determine aerodynamic coefficients of container truck on a bridge with a π-cross section and wind barriers. The influence of vehicle position in different road lanes of the bridge deck and the aerodynamic interference between vehicles on the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle and the bridge are investigated. Different heights and ventilation ratios of wind barrier are taken into consideration to examine variations of aerodynamic coefficients with different wind barriers. Furthermore, the change mechanism in the aerodynamic coefficients of the vehicles is observed by analyzing the wind pressure distribution on the surface of the vehicles. The test results show that the different lane locations of the vehicle affect the aerodynamic coefficients significantly, as well as the aerodynamic interference between vehicles with transverse arrangement or longitudinal arrangement, especially for the side force coefficient. The existence of wind barrier reduces the side force coefficients of the vehicle remarkably. Such effects also vary with the ventilation ratio and height of wind barrier.

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17

Wiriadidjaja, Surjatin, Azmin Shakrine Mohd Rafie, Fairuz Izzuddin Romli, and Omar Kassim Ariff. "Aerodynamic Interference Correction Methods Case: Subsonic Closed Wind Tunnels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (November 2012): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.60.

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The approach to problems of wall interference in wind tunnel testing is generally based on the so-called classical method, which covers the wall interference experienced by a simple small model or the neo-classical method that contains some improvements as such that it can be applied to larger models. Both methods are analytical techniques offering solutions of the subsonic potential equation of the wall interference flow field. Since an accurate description of wind tunnel test data is only possible if the wall interference phenomena are fully understood, uncounted subsequent efforts have been spent by many researchers to improve the limitation of the classical methods by applying new techniques and advanced methods. However, the problem of wall interference has remained a lasting concern to aerodynamicists and it continues to be a field of active research until the present. The main objective of this paper is to present an improved classical method of the wall interference assessment in rectangular subsonic wind tunnel with solid-walls.

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18

Li, Shouying, Chunyun Xiao, Teng Wu, and Zhengqing Chen. "Aerodynamic interference between the cables of the suspension bridge hanger." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 7 (January 14, 2019): 1657–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218820623.

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The hangers of long-span suspension bridges are significantly prone to wind-induced vibrations due to their light mass, low frequency, and small structural damping. However, the underlying mechanism of the hanger vibration is not clearly clarified yet. To study the aerodynamic interference between the cables of the hanger, which is a possible mechanism for the hanger vibration, a series of wind tunnel tests were carried out to measure the mean aerodynamic drag and lift coefficients of a leeward cylinder. Then, the motion equations governing the vibration of leeward cable were derived based on the quasi-steady assumption. The numerical results show that large-amplitude vibrations of the leeward cable will occur in the region of 1 ≤ | Y| ≤ 3, where Y is a non-dimensional vertical coordinate normalized with the diameter of the cylinder. It appears that the stable trajectory of the leeward cable is ellipse, and trajectory is clockwise above the center line of the wake, whereas anti-clockwise below the center line of the wake. An important finding is that the frequency of the stable vibration of the leeward cable is slightly smaller than its natural frequency, which implies that a negative aerodynamic stiffness might arise. The time histories of the aerodynamic stiffness and damping forces on the leeward cable were identified from the numerical results. It seems that there is always a positive work done within a period by the aerodynamic stiffness force, whereas a negative work by the aerodynamic damping force. The response characteristics of the leeward cable of the hanger of suspension bridge obtained in this study are identical with those of the wake-induced flutter widely discussed for the power transmission line. This implies that wake-induced flutter theory could well illustrate the underlying mechanism of the aerodynamic interference effects on the hangers of a suspension bridge.

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19

Sasaki, Daisuke, and Kazuhiro Nakahashi. "Aerodynamic Optimization of an Over-the-Wing-Nacelle-Mount Configuration." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/293078.

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An over-the-wing-nacelle-mount airplane configuration is known to prevent the noise propagation from jet engines toward ground. However, the configuration is assumed to have low aerodynamic efficiency due to the aerodynamic interference effect between a wing and a nacelle. In this paper, aerodynamic design optimization is conducted to improve aerodynamic efficiency to be equivalent to conventional under-the-wing-nacelle-mount configuration. The nacelle and wing geometry are modified to achieve high lift-to-drag ratio, and the optimal geometry is compared with a conventional configuration. Pylon shape is also modified to reduce aerodynamic interference effect. The final wing-fuselage-nacelle model is compared with the DLR F6 model to discuss the potential of Over-the-Wing-Nacelle-Mount geometry for an environmental-friendly future aircraft.

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20

Kryvokhatko, Illia. "Aerodynamic moment characteristics of tandem-scheme aircraft." MATEC Web of Conferences 304 (2019): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930402015.

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Aerodynamic interference between forward and back wings of tandem-scheme aircraft significantly affects its pitch and roll moments. The interference increases roll stability in a narrow range of sideslip angles; there is a kink on the dependence of roll moment coefficient versus sideslip angle (that is not observed for conventional-scheme aircraft). Directional stability is decreased by a dihedral angle of forward wings and winglets on them but is increased by the same factors for back wings. If back wings’ bending is significant, then aerodynamic interference may affect directional stability as well. The vortex system of tandem-wings at a sideslip angle was modeled incorrectly by the used CFD method (solving RANS), and further research is needed. The analytical and experimental methods show a good agreement concerning moment characteristics.

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21

Wen, JianHua, ChangMao Qin, and Xin Zhang. "ADRC Attitude Controller Design for Hypersonic Vehicle based on MIMO-ESO." MATEC Web of Conferences 214 (2018): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821403003.

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For the hypersonic vehicle nonlinear attitude mode in reentry process with a strong coupling, aerodynamic parameter perturbations and non-deterministic, combine extended state observer and nonlinear law state error feedback, design the hypersonic vehicle MIMO-ESO ADRC attitude controller. Put interference such as uncertainty, coupling and parameter perturbations as “the sum of interference” ,use the extended state observer to estimate and dynamic feedback compensation, use nonlinear law state error feedback to inhibit residual of compensation. ADRC controller is charged without a precise model of vehicle , and without precise perturbation boundaries of aerodynamic parameters.Simulation results show that the MIMO-ESO ADRC attitude controller can overcome the impact of large-scale perturbations of interference and aerodynamic parameters, have good dynamic qualities and tracking capabilities, also have strong robustness.

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22

Nelson, H. F., and Brent W. Bossi. "Aerodynamic interference for supersonic low-aspect-ratio missiles." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 32, no. 2 (March 1995): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.26606.

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23

Chaplin, Ross, David MacManus, Friedrich Leopold, Batien Martinez, Thibaut Gauthier, and Trevor Birch. "Correction: Aerodynamic interference on a finned slender body." AIAA Journal 54, no. 7 (July 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.j054704.c1.

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24

Han, Dong, and George N. Barakos. "Aerodynamic Interference Model for Multirotors in Forward Flight." Journal of Aircraft 57, no. 6 (November 2020): 1220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.c035978.

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25

Cottrell, Charles J., and Lawrence E. Lijewski. "Finned, multibody aerodynamic interference at transonic Mach numbers." Journal of Aircraft 25, no. 9 (September 1988): 827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.45666.

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26

Korobkov, S., A. Gnyrya, and V. Terekhov. "Aerodynamic and thermal interference between two building models." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 775 (April 18, 2020): 012140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/775/1/012140.

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27

Xiao, Hou Di, Pan Pan Mi, Long Bin Liu, and Shuai Cao. "A New Method of Strengthening Longitudinal Static Stability of Airship in Ascent." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.212.

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To improve the controllability and maneuverability, airship is usually designed as static instability. But the airship is vulnerable to sudden wind interference in its ascent, resulting in divergent pitching motion. A new aerodynamic shape was put forward which added a inflatable aerodynamic-lift wing at backward of the airship hull. With the method of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), aerodynamic characteristics and longitudinal static stability of the conventional airship and new winged airship were comparative investigated. It can be concluded that the new winged airship was longitudinal stable whereas the conventional airship was instable. It can be applied for restraining the sudden wind interference for airship in ascent.

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28

Lei, Yao, and Hengda Wang. "Aerodynamic Optimization of a Micro Quadrotor Aircraft with Different Rotor Spacings in Hover." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 13, 2020): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041272.

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In order to study the aerodynamic performance of the quadrotor with different rotor spacings in hover, experiments were performed together with numerical simulations. For experimental study, an experimental platform was designed to measure the thrust and power consumption of the quadrotor with different rotor spacings (L/R = 2.2, 2.6, 3.0, 3.2, 3.6, and 4.0), and to attempt to find out the optimal rotor configuration which makes the quadrotor have the best aerodynamic performance. In addition, the pressure distribution, vorticity of the blade tip, and velocity vector of quadrotor in the flow field were obtained by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method to visually analyze the aerodynamic interference between adjacent rotors. By the comparison of experimental results and numerical simulations, the final results show that the aerodynamic performance of the quadrotor varies obviously with the change of rotor spacing, and it has a negative impact on hover efficiency if rotor spacing is too much small or large. The rotors pacing at L/R = 3.6 with larger thrust and smaller power is considered to be the best aerodynamic configuration for the quadrotor with better aerodynamic characteristics. Furthermore, compared with the isolated rotor, moderate aerodynamic interference is proved to help improve the aerodynamic performance of the quadrotor with a larger thrust, especially for a rotor spacing at L/R = 3.6.

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29

Cottrell, Charles J., Agusto Martinez, and Gary T. Chapman. "Study of multibody aerodynamic interference at transonic Mach numbers." AIAA Journal 26, no. 5 (May 1988): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.9933.

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30

Wang, Yunpeng, Hiroshi Ozawa, Hiroto Koyama, and Yoshiaki Nakamura. "Abort Separation of Launch Escape System Using Aerodynamic Interference." AIAA Journal 51, no. 1 (January 2013): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.j051627.

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31

Karkehabadi, Reza. "Aerodynamic Interference of a Large and a Small Aircraft." Journal of Aircraft 41, no. 6 (November 2004): 1424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.4570.

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32

Kim, Wonsul, Yukio Tamura, and Akihito Yoshida. "Interference effects on aerodynamic wind forces between two buildings." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 147 (December 2015): 186–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.10.009.

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33

Lin, San-Yih, Yan-Shin Chin, and Yuh-Ying Wang. "Numerical investigations on two-dimensional canard-wing aerodynamic interference." Journal of Aircraft 31, no. 3 (May 1994): 672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.46547.

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34

Porter, David B., and Richard M. Howard. "Aerodynamic interference of dissimilar aircraft flying in close proximity." Journal of Aircraft 33, no. 2 (March 1996): 440–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.46958.

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35

Karkehabadi, Reza. "Aerodynamic Interference of a Large and a Small Aircraft." Journal of Aircraft 42, no. 2 (March 2005): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.c10416e.

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36

Lobanovsky, Yury Ioasafovich. "INTERFERENCE CONCEPT OF AERODYNAMIC DESIGN OF EFFECTIVE HYPERSONIC CONFIGURATIONS." TsAGI Science Journal 45, no. 7 (2014): 599–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/tsagiscij.2014012528.

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37

Norris, S. E., P. J. Richards, C. Durand, and L. Galley. "Aerodynamic interference of yachts sailing upwind on opposite tacks." Ocean Engineering 188 (September 2019): 106286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106286.

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38

Sun, Hao, Evangelos Karadimitriou, Xue Min Li, and Dimitrios Mathioulakis. "Aerodynamic Interference between Two Road Vehicle Models during Overtaking." Journal of Energy Engineering 145, no. 2 (April 2019): 04019002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000601.

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39

Lee, Hee-Dong, Dong-Ok Yu, Oh-Joon Kwon, and Hee-Jung Kang. "Numerical Investigation of Aerodynamic Interference in Complete Helicopter Configurations." International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/ijass.2011.12.2.190.

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40

Huo, Xin, Sizhao Feng, Xiaokun Liu, Qing Zhao, and Hui Zhao. "Modelling of aerodynamic interference of three-DOF GyroWheel rotor." International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 29, no. 1 (2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2018.089622.

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41

Zhao, Hui, Qing Zhao, Xiaokun Liu, Sizhao Feng, and Xin Huo. "Modelling of aerodynamic interference of three-DOF GyroWheel rotor." International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 29, no. 1 (2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2018.10010544.

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42

Lombardi, G., and A. Vicini. "Induced drag prediction for wing-tail and canard configurations through numerical optimisation." Aeronautical Journal 98, no. 976 (July 1994): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000049733.

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Abstract A computational procedure has been developed in order to predict aerodynamic interference between lifting surfaces, and to devise configurations which best meet given aerodynamic requirements. The procedure, which couples an aerodynamic solver with a numerical optimisation routine, is useful in the preliminary design of aircraft. The essential features of the aerodynamic code and of the optimisation routine are described, along with the coupling criteria. Some of the most significant predictions obtained in induced-drag minimisation for wing-tail and canard configurations are described and discussed.

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43

Syal, Monica, and J. Gordon Leishman. "Aerodynamic Optimization Study of a Coaxial Rotor in Hovering Flight." Journal of the American Helicopter Society 57, no. 4 (October 1, 2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/jahs.57.042003.

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A primary design goal with a coaxial rotor is to minimize the combined sources of losses on the upper and lower rotors that have their source in aerodynamic interference. To this end, parametric studies were conducted using a free-vortex wake method to study the aerodynamic interference effects of changing interrotor spacing, blade twist rates, and blade planform on the interdependent loads produced on the upper and lower rotors, respectively. A formal, multistep optimization process was then conducted by coupling the aerodynamic method to an optimization approach based on the method of feasible directions, the goal being to expeditiously find the individual blade geometries that would give the highest levels of efficiency from the coaxial as a system. Because of the inherent aerodynamic differences between the upper and lower rotors of a coaxial, it is shown that the best performing coaxial rotors may require the use of different blade shapes on each rotor, but substantially different blade designs may also achieve similar values of aerodynamic efficiency. It is also shown that the nonconvexity of the design problem for a coaxial rotor may limit the usefulness of formal optimization methods, and extensive parametric studies may still be required in the process of design.

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Cheng, Hao, Hua Wang, Qingli Shi, and Mengying Zhang. "Unsteady aerodynamics investigation of deploying tandem-wing with different methods." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 10 (October 26, 2018): 3714–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410018804737.

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In the rapidly deploying process of the unmanned aerial vehicle with folding wings, the aerodynamic characteristics could be largely different owing to the effects of deformation rate and the aerodynamic interference. The investigation on the unsteady aerodynamics is of great significance for the stability analysis and control design. The lifting-line method and the vortex-lattice method are improved to calculate the unsteady aerodynamics in the morphing stage. It is validated that the vortex-lattice method predicts the unsteady lift coefficient more appropriately than the lifting-line method. Different tandem wing configurations with deployable wings are simulated with different deformation rates during the morphing stage by the vortex-lattice method. As results indicated, the unsteady lift coefficient and the induced drag of the fore wing rise with the deformation rate increasing, but it is reversed for the hind wing. Additionally, the unsteady lift coefficient of the tandem wing configuration performs well with a larger stagger, a larger magnitude of the gap and a larger wingspan of the fore wing; however, the total induced drag has a larger value for the configuration that the two lifting surfaces with the same wingspans are closer to each other.

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Zou, Yunfeng, Zhipeng Liu, Kang Shi, Shuangmei Ou, Xuhui He, Honggui Deng, and Shuai Zhou. "Experimental Study of Aerodynamic Interference Effects for a Suspended Monorail Vehicle–Bridge System Using a Wireless Acquisition System." Sensors 21, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 5841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175841.

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The suspended monorail (SM) vehicle–bridge system has been considered a promising modern transit mode due to its clear advantages: low pollution, high safety, convenient construction, and low cost. The wind-induced response can significantly affect the running safety and comfort of this type of vehicle due to its special suspended position from a fixed track. This study is the first to systematically investigate its aerodynamic characteristics and interference effects under various spacing ratios using wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations. A high level of agreement between the wind tunnel test and CFD (computational fluid dynamics) results was obtained, and the aerodynamic interference mechanism can be well explained using the CFD technique from a flow field perspective. A wireless wind pressure acquisition system is proposed to achieve synchronization acquisition for multi wind pressure test taps. The paper confirms that (1) the proposed wireless wind pressure acquisition system performed well; (2) the aerodynamic coefficients of the upstream vehicle and bridge were nearly unchanged for vehicle–bridge combinations with varying spacing ratios; (3) the aerodynamic interference effects were amplified when two vehicles meet, but the effects decrease as the spacing ratio increases; (4) the aerodynamic force coefficients, mean, and root mean square (RMS) wind pressure coefficients for the downstream vehicle and bridge are readily affected by the upstream vehicle; (5) the vortex shedding frequencies of vehicles and bridges can be readily obtained from the lift force spectra, and they decrease as the spacing ratio increases; and (6) a spacing ratio of 3.5 is suggested in the field applications to ensure the running safety and stability of the SM vehicle–bridge system under exposure to crosswinds.

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Lei, Yao, and Jinli Wang. "Aerodynamic Performance of Quadrotor UAV with Non-Planar Rotors." Applied Sciences 9, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 2779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9142779.

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The mobility of a quadrotor UAV is significantly affected by its aerodynamics, especially when the closely spaced rotors are applied in the multi-rotor system. This paper addresses the aerodynamic modeling of non-planar quadrotor UAV with various rotor spacing (1 d–2 d) and disk plane angle (0–50 deg). The inter-rotor interference and the power models are also proposed in this paper. In order to validate the non-planar model, a series of CFD analyses and experiments were conducted. The obtained results demonstrate that the flow field of the non-planar quadrotor is extremely complicated when the unsteady flow is involved. The pulsation of partial angle of attack and pressure distribution is formed when the blade passes through the vortex. The thrust is increasing significantly along with the tilt angle, resulting from the stronger outflow of the non-planar rotors, which is also leading the power increment. However, the thrust increment is not that obvious when the spacing is larger than 1.4 d. The experiments and the numerical simulation results provide consistent trends and demonstrate the effectiveness of the aerodynamic model of the non-planar quadrotor. The comparison with the traditional planar quadrotor validates that the proposed non-planar quadrotor has better aerodynamic and control performances with a larger power loading.

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Nelson, H. F., and Derek G. Hillstrom. "Aerodynamic Interference for Hypersonic Missiles at Low Angle of Attack." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 35, no. 6 (November 1998): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.3411.

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Nelson, H. F., and Derek G. Hillstrom. "Aerodynamic Interference for Hypersonic Missiles at Low Angle of Attack." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 36, no. 6 (November 1999): 924–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.3516.

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IKEDA, Mitsuru, and Takeshi MITSUMOJI. "Numerical Estimation of Aerodynamic Interference between Panhead and Articulated Frame." Quarterly Report of RTRI 50, no. 4 (2009): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.50.227.

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Lo, Yuan-Lung, Yong Chul Kim, and Akihito Yoshida. "Effects of aerodynamic modification mechanisms on interference from neighboring buildings." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 168 (September 2017): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.06.018.

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