Journal articles: 'Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board'

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Lindner, H. Greig. "Human Factors Support of Nasa's Safety Directorate on the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) Kennedy Space Center, FL." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 13 (October 1992): 945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203601305.

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A Human Factors Engineering (HFE) pilot project was undertaken by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida in 1991. It is to demonstrate the use of Human Factors in supporting the role of NASA Safety in achieving their objective of reducing the causes of accidents by helping to eliminate error producing situations. The initial phase of this endeavor consisted of a review of the design drawings for the SSPF, identifying all human factors concerns with special emphases on those which affected personnel safety, operational efficiency and hazards which might produce damage to expensive payloads. Where drawings did not completely disclose the characteristics of the intended operations, other facilities at the Kennedy Space Center were visited to obtain “Lessons Learned” insights that could be applied to the drawing critique. As Human Factors concerns and/or Safety issues were identified, they were discussed with the appropriate engineering personnel to effect a workable solution. During the lecture presentation, examples of identified HF & Safety deficiencies will be presented by the use of drawings, photographs in viewgraph form and a video of an accident to the Magellan Spacecraft. Discussion of the findings of the Magellan Spacecraft Mishap Review Board will elaborate on their conclusion that the lack of Human Factors Engineering was a major Contributor to this incident. A video segment showing an advanced and innovative Human Factors (HF) modeling technique will graphically demonstrate the potential application of conducting Human Engineering (HE) evaluations in conjunction with Engineering Prototyping in a Computer Aided Design (CAD) environment.

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Sztejnberg, Manuel, Shanjie Xiao, Nader Satvat, Felisa Limón, John Hopkins, and Tatjana Jevremovic. "Radiation shielding aspects for long manned mission to space: Criteria, survey study, and preliminary model." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 21, no. 2 (2006): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0602047s.

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The prospect of manned space missions outside Earth's orbit is limited by the travel time and shielding against cosmic radiation. The chemical rockets currently used in the space program have no hope of propelling a manned vehicle to a far away location such as Mars due to the enormous mass of fuel that would be required. The specific energy available from nuclear fuel is a factor of 106 higher than chemical fuel; it is therefore obvious that nuclear power production in space is a must. On the other hand, recent considerations to send a man to the Moon for a long stay would require a stable, secured and safe source of energy (there is hardly anything beyond nuclear power that would provide a useful and reliably safe sustainable supply of energy). National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) anticipates that the mass of a shielding material required for long travel to Mars is the next major design driver. In 2006 NASA identified a need to assess and evaluate potential gaps in existing knowledge and understanding of the level and types of radiation critical to astronauts' health during the long travel to Mars and to start a comprehensive study related to the shielding design of a spacecraft finding the conditions for the mitigation of radiation components contributing to the doses beyond accepted limits. In order to reduce the overall space craft mass, NASA is looking for the novel, multi-purpose and multi-functional materials that will provide effective shielding of the crew and electronics on board. The Laboratory for Neutronics and Geometry Computation in the School of Nuclear Engineering at Purdue University led by Prof. Tatjana Jevremovic began in 2004 the analytical evaluations of different lightweight materials. The preliminary results of the design survey study are presented in this paper.

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Kim, Yeanjae, Jieun Baek, and Yosoon Choi. "Smart Helmet-Based Personnel Proximity Warning System for Improving Underground Mine Safety." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 4342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104342.

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A smart helmet-based wearable personnel proximity warning system was developed to prevent collisions between equipment and pedestrians in mines. The smart helmet worn by pedestrians receives signals transmitted by Bluetooth beacons attached to heavy equipment, light vehicles, or dangerous zones, and provides visual LED warnings to the pedestrians and operators simultaneously. A performance test of the proposed system was conducted in an underground limestone mine. It was confirmed that as the transmission power of the Bluetooth beacon increased, the Bluetooth low energy (BLE) signal detection distance of the system also increased. The average BLE signal detection distance was at least 10 m, regardless of the facing angle between the smart helmet and Bluetooth beacon. The subjective workload for the smartphone-, smart glasses-, and smart helmet-based proximity warning system (PWS) was evaluated using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration task load index. All six workload parameters were the lowest when using the smart helmet-based PWS. The smart helmet-based PWS can provide visual proximity warning alerts to both the equipment operator and the pedestrian, and it can be expanded to provide worker health monitoring and hazard awareness functions by adding sensors to the Arduino board.

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Hirakata, Maki, Hajime Okamoto, Yuichiro Hagihara, Tadahiro Hayasaka, and Riko Oki. "Comparison of Global and Seasonal Characteristics of Cloud Phase and Horizontal Ice Plates Derived from CALIPSO with MODIS and ECMWF." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 31, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 2114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-13-00245.1.

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Abstract This study analyzed the global and seasonal characteristics of cloud phase and ice crystal orientation (CTYPE-lidar) by using the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on board the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). A dataset from September 2006 to August 2007 was used to derive the seasonal characteristics. The discrimination scheme was originally developed by Yoshida et al., who classified clouds mainly into warm water, supercooled water, and randomly oriented ice crystals or horizontally oriented ice plates. This study used the following products for the comparison with CTYPE-lidar: (i) the vertical feature mask (VFM) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), (ii) the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and (iii) European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Overall, the results showed that the CTYPE-lidar discrimination scheme was consistent with the outputs from VFM, MODIS, and ECMWF. The zonal mean water cloud cover in daytime from this study showed good agreement with that derived from MODIS; the slope of the linear regression was 1.06 and the offset was 0.002. The CTYPE-lidar ice cloud occurrence frequency and the ECMWF ice supersaturation occurrence frequency were also in good agreement; the slope of the linear regression of the two products was 1.02 in the temperature range −60°C ≤ T ≤ −30°C. The maximum occurrence frequencies in this study and ECMWF were recognized around −60°C of the equator, with their peak shifted from several degrees north (~9°N) in September–November (SON) to south (~9°S) in December–February (DJF) and back to north (~7°N) in March–May (MAM) and June–August (JJA).

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Fusaro, Roberta, Nicole Viola, Marco Fioriti, Davide Ferretto, and Sara Cresto Aleina. "Preliminary design of a cabin escape system for a suborbital vehicle aimed at parabolic flights." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 231, no. 12 (August 2, 2017): 2179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410017723671.

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The paper deals with the conceptual design and sizing of a cabin escape system to be applied to a trans-atmospheric transportation system. At first, the role of suborbital vehicles towards the development of a hypersonic transportation system is presented. From this analysis, it has been clear that one of the key points in enhancing the public consensus is to demonstrate a higher level of safety and reliability with respect to the current space vehicles. Since the time of the Space Shuttle enterprise, the development of a proper escape system has been considered crucial to diminish the risk of loss of lives per mission, moving from space-like reliability characteristics to values closer to the aeronautical case. In particular, this paper presents the conceptual design of an escape system for a single stage vehicle aimed at parabolic flights. The proposed design methodology starts with the identification of the major requirements that will lead the design and sizing activities. Then, special attention is devoted to the identification of the required capabilities of a Cabin Escape System and to the selection of the proper subsystems able to guarantee these functionalities. Indeed, considering the high-level of complexity of such a system, during the design process, specific attention should be paid to the impact of on-board systems integration on the overall transportation system architecture and layout. At this purpose, a proper utilization of CAD models can ease the integration process allowing fast verification of mass and volume budgets as well as integrated simulation techniques could be useful. Furthermore, the possibility of exploiting this system during the different phases of the mission should be properly evaluated and, eventually, a preliminary impact risk analysis is reported.

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Salvi Sakamoto, João Marcos, and Gefeson Mendes Pacheco. "Laser ultrasonics in Brazil for aeronautics and space engineering." Physics Procedia 3, no. 1 (January 2010): 1081–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2010.01.140.

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Rycroft, M. J. "Concise encyclopedia of aeronautics & space systems,." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 57, no. 2 (February 1995): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(95)90003-9.

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Jackson, Karen E., Yvonne T. Fuchs, and Sotiris Kellas. "Overview of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Subsonic Rotary Wing Aeronautics Research Program in Rotorcraft Crashworthiness." Journal of Aerospace Engineering 22, no. 3 (July 2009): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0893-1321(2009)22:3(229).

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Simanjuntak, Erni Br, and Gede Harja Wasistha. "VALUATION OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY AT LAPAN." AFEBI Economic and Finance Review 4, no. 01 (September 12, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47312/aefr.v4i01.212.

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New challenges arises for government institutions engaged in research and engineering to continuously innovate and develop technologies that have competitive advantages and provide income for the country through royalty from licensed technology. This research carried out to valuate the aeronautics and space technology. The objective of the study is to develop appropriate intellectual property valuation methods. This research is a case study utilizing sequential mix method which is the combination of quantitative and qualitative research. By using intellectual capital theory, this research-broaden the literatures on the technology valuation in the field of aeronautics and space. This study fills research gap on the existing technology valuation method that is still partially conducted by government research and development. This study discusses the value of intangible assets and licenses from intellectual property that are calculated through three valuation approaches, such as cost-based approach, income-based approach, and market-based approach. The results of the study show that the most appropriate intellectual property valuation method are the cost-based approach and income-based approach.JEL Classification: O30, O31, O33Keywords: Cost Based Approach, Income Based Approach, Intellectual Property, Market Based Approach, Sequential Mix Method

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Bradshaw, T. W., and A. H. Orlowska. "Mechanical Cooling Systems for use in Space." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 207, no. 1 (January 1993): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_242_02.

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This paper describes the development of long-life cooling systems for use in spacecraft. The original single-stage coolers were developed by the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) and Oxford University for the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (ISAMS), an Oxford University instrument that will be part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (US) (NASA's) Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. Since then RAL has continued development of these coolers to produce lower temperatures and the technology has been transferred to industry via the British Technology Group (BTG). This has been possible by the award of contracts from the European Space Agency (ESA) and internal funding. The coolers are now available from industry and have been baselined for a variety of future instruments both in Europe and the United States.

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Shields, Nicholas. "Human Engineering Design Standards for Extravehicular Activity in Advanced Space Programs." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 4 (September 1986): 374–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000415.

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The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is currently developing the Man/Systems Integration Standard which will detail the human factors engineering design requirements for future spacecraft. Several existing standards and guidelines from the Johnson Space Center and the Marshall Space Flight Center, along with human engineering standards from the Department of Defense will be superseded by this NASA wide standard. One chapter to be included in this human engineering standard, which is not usually included in general standards, will deal with extravehicular activity (EVA) where the human wears a pressurized life support system and operates in the microgravity environment. This paper details the development and contents of the EVA portion of the new NASA Man/System Integration Standard.

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Melis, Matthew, Mike Pereira, Duane Revilock, and Kelly Carney. "Columbia Accident Investigation and Return-to-Flight Effort." Journal of the IEST 49, no. 1 (June 20, 2006): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.49.1.8g353u65031l1p72.

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On February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle Columbia broke apart during reentry, resulting in the loss of seven crewmembers. For the next several months an extensive investigation of the accident involved a nationwide team of experts from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), industry, and academia, spanning dozens of technical disciplines.

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Uchiyama, Masaru. "Space Robotics Research at Space Machines Laboratory, Department of Aeronautics and Space Engineering, Tohoku University - Research on Space Machines Aiming at the 21st Century -." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 6, no. 5 (October 20, 1994): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1994.p0346.

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Bering, E. A., L. Bacon, K. K. Copper, L. J. Hansen, and M. J. Sanchez. "The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics pre-college outreach program." Advances in Space Research 42, no. 11 (December 2008): 1869–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.009.

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Dilhac, Jean-Marie, and Marise Bafleur. "Energy harvesting in aeronautics for battery-free wireless sensor networks." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 29, no. 8 (August 2014): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/maes.2014.130002.

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Bennett, Betsy K. "Now & Then: Ann Wagner, Mechanical Engineer: A Brief History of Mechanical Engineering." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 2, no. 1 (September 1996): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.2.1.0022.

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Now … Ann Wagner is a Mechanical Engineer in the Facility Management Division of the Facilities Engineering and Technical Services at the 1121-acre Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. She designs, improves, repairs, and replaces systems that deliver utilities-heat, light, cooling, water, and power-to the fifty buildings there. Goddard was established as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's first space-flight center in 1959. Its mission, “to expand knowledge of the Earth and its environment, the solar system and the universe through observations from space,” tells the significance of the work here, which is to research and to support communication of all kinds throughout the world. The Hubble Space Telescope Control Center; the Flight Dynamics Facility, which supports space-shuttle operations; and vast communication networks are among the many resources at Goddard that simply cannot be shut down for some period of time for repairs to a utility cable, pipe, or pump.

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Miller, L. Scott. "Book Review: Aerodynamics, Aeronautics, and Flight Mechanics, Second Edition." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 19, no. 6 (November 1996): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.56716.

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Souza, Maria Nathalya Costa, Irineu Ferreira Da Silva Neto, Isadora Ellen Feitoza Ricardino, and Ana Emilia Formiga Marques. "Limitações na Previsão de Instabilidades de Produtos Farmacêuticos Induzidos Por Radiação Durante Voos Espaciais de Longa Duração." Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 24, no. 3 (October 26, 2020): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2020v24n3p250-254.

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Com as evoluções nos voos espaciais de humanos fora da Terra, a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) e seus parceiros internacionais encontram obstáculos relacionados à garantia da segurança dos astronautas, destacando-se a capacidade de fornecer um meio seguro e medicamentos eficazes, que possam de maneira suficiente gerenciar tanto condições médicas planejadas, quanto as imprevistas durante uma viagem espacial. Objetivou-se apresentar o entendimento atual sobre a estabilidade farmacêutica no ambiente de radiação espacial. Foi realizado um levantamento nas bases de dados científicos Nacional Center for Biotechnology Information, PubMed, SciELO e Science Direct, utilizando artigos datados entre os anos de 2016 a 2019, por meio dos descritores: Cosmic Radiation, Space Flight, Drug Stability, United States National Aeronautics e Space Administration. Foram incluídas publicações que envolvessem pesquisas na área de instabilidade de medicamentos, dentro do período delimitado, que apresentassem no idioma inglês, e que incluíssem pelo menos um dos descritores citados. Os produtos farmacêuticos podem se tornar instáveis através das alterações de qualquer uma das suas propriedades físicas ou químicas. Os estudos sobre voos espaciais são limitados, por isso, os desafios na tradução de evidências analógicas terrestres para voos espaciais acabam por impedir a capacidade em tirar conclusões significativas sobre a estabilidade dos produtos farmacêuticos durante a exploração espacial. Assim é necessário novos esforços em pesquisas que forneçam os dados dos voos e produtos farmacêuticos a bordo das plataformas de pesquisa disponíveis a fim de garantir a integridade da saúde da tripulação. Palavras-chave: Fármacos. Instabilidade. Radiação. Voo Espacial. Abstract With the evolution in space flights of humans outside the Earth, NASA and its international partners related to ensuring the safety of astronauts, highlighting the ability to provide insurance and previous medicines, that sufficiently manage to manage both the planned medical conditions, as the unforeseen during a space trip. The objective was to present the current understanding of pharmaceutical stability in the space radiation environment. A survey was carried out in the scientific databases National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubMed, SciELO and Science Direct, using articles dated between 2016 and 2019, using the descriptors: Cosmic Radiation, Space Flight, Drug Stability, United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Publications involving research in the area of drug instability, within the defined period, published in the English language, and including at least one of the mentioned descriptors were published. Pharmaceutical products can become unstable by changing any of their physical or physical properties. Studies on space flights are invited, therefore, the challenges in translating analogue terrestrial evidence to space flights end up preventing the ability to take necessary to take away on the stability of pharmaceutical products during space exploration. Thus, new research efforts are needed to provide flight and pharmaceutical data on board the available research platforms to ensure the integrity of the crew's health. Keywords: Drugs, Instability, Radiation, Space Flight.

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Stusnick, Eric, Richard L. Thompson, Terence R. Thompson, Bryan A. Evans, and John DiFelici. "Aircraft Community Noise Impact Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1626, no. 1 (January 1998): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1626-07.

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The Aircraft Community Noise Impact Model (ACNIM) is a computer software system being developed by Wyle Laboratories and Metron, Inc., for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration–Langley Research Center. It is intended to provide a user-friendly tool for analysis of the impact of the noise from aircraft operations on communities near airports. The history of the development of ACNIM and some of its unique features are outlined and the optimization algorithms that are used by ACNIM to produce minimally impacting flight trajectories are discussed in some detail.

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Brozowski, L. A., T. V. Ferguson, and L. Rojas. "Impeller Flow Field Laser Velocimeter Measurements." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2, no. 3 (1996): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x96000024.

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Development of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) computer codes for complex turbomachinery affords a complete three-dimensional (3-D) flow field description. While significant improvements in CFD have been made due to improvements in computers, numerical algorithms, and physical modeling, a limited experimental database for pump CFD code validation exists.Under contract (NAS8-38864) to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) a test program was undertaken at Rocketdyne to obtain benchmark data for typical rocket engine pump geometry. Nonintrusive velocity data were obtained with a laser two-focus velocimeter. Extensive laser surveys at the inlet and discharge of a Rocketdyne-designed impeller were performed. Static pressures were measured at key locations to provide boundary conditions for CFD code validation.

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Tao, Charling. "Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics and the Dark Universe." Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter 03, no. 02 (August 2014): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251158x14000368.

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The Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics (THCA) was founded in 2001 by Prof. Li Tipei and Shang Rencheng. A distinguishing characteristic of THCA's astrophysics program is its emphasis on space X-ray and gamma-ray instrumentation, by taking advantage of Tsinghua's strong programs on nuclear physics, nuclear engineering, space and aeronautics engineering, as well as electronics and information technology. The main research directions in THCA include high energy astrophysics and cosmology with space and ground observations in X-rays and gamma-rays, and more recently in optical wavelengths, radio-astronomy, gravitational waves, dark matter and dark energy analyses and projects.

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Varrasi, John. "Reach for the Sky." Mechanical Engineering 127, no. 09 (September 1, 2005): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2005-sep-5.

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This article highlights that for centuries although space was the realm of wonder and fascination, of fiction and children’s bedtime stories, of shooting balls of fire and faraway heavenly bodies; still it was less than 50 years ago that things began to change in earnest. Enormous engineering resources were invested in the US space program during the 1960s. By the end of the decade, engineers had gained a sufficient level of knowledge about chemical rockets and storable propellants and turned their attention to other technologies, such as noise control and advanced computer systems. In its tradition of recognizing technological achievement, ASME has bestowed honors and awards on numerous engineers and scientists associated with the nation's space program. ASME’s publications and conferences have been important vehicles for disseminating technical information on aerospace and aeronautics technology. The Society’s Aerospace Division, which predates the lunar program, has been one of the most active sectors of ASME's technical divisions.

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Jansen, Ralph H., Cheryl L. Bowman, Sean Clarke, David Avanesian, Paula J. Dempsey, and Rodger W. Dyson. "NASA electrified aircraft propulsion efforts." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 5 (December 6, 2019): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-05-2019-0098.

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Purpose This paper aims to review national aeronautics and space administration (NASA’s) broad investments in electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP). NASA investments are guided by an assessment of potential market impacts, technical key performance parameters, and technology readiness attained through a combination of studies, enabling fundamental research and flight research. Design/methodology/approach The impact of EAP varies by market and NASA is considering three markets as follows: national/international, on-demand mobility and short-haul regional air transport. Technical advances in key areas have been made that indicate EAP is a viable technology. Flight research is underway to demonstrate integrated solutions and inform standards and certification processes. Findings A key finding is that sufficient technical advances in key areas have been made, which indicate EAP is a viable technology for aircraft. Significant progress has been made to reduce EAP adoption barriers and further work is needed to transition the technology to a commercial product and improve the technology, so it is applicable to large transonic aircraft. Practical implications Significant progress has been made to reduce EAP adoption barriers and further work is needed to transition the technology to a commercial product and improve the technology, so it is applicable to large transonic aircraft. Originality/value This paper will review the activities of the hybrid gas-electric subproject of the Advanced Air Transport Technology Project, the Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology Project and the X-57 Flight Demonstration Project, and discuss the potential EAP benefits for commercial and military applications. This paper focuses on the vehicle-related activities, however, there are related NASA activities in air space management and vehicle autonomy activities, as well as a breakthrough technology project called the Convergent Aeronautics Solutions Project. The target audience is people interested in EAP.

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Liu, Ling, Kevin Garrett, Eric S. Maddy, and Sid-Ahmed Boukabara. "Impact Assessment of Assimilating NASA’s RapidScat Surface Wind Retrievals in the NOAA Global Data Assimilation System." Monthly Weather Review 146, no. 4 (April 2018): 929–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0179.1.

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The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) RapidScat scatterometer on board the International Space Station (ISS) provides observations of surface winds that can be assimilated into numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecast models. In this study, the authors assess the data quality of the RapidScat Level 2B surface wind vector retrievals and the impact of those observations on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Forecast System (GFS). The RapidScat is found to provide quality measurements of surface wind speed and direction in nonprecipitating conditions and to provide observations that add both information and robustness to the global satellite observing system used in NWP models. The authors find that with an assumed uncertainty in wind speed of around 2 m s−1, the RapidScat has neutral impact on the short-range forecast of surface wind vectors in the tropics but improves both the analysis and background field of surface wind vectors. However, the deployment of RapidScat on the ISS presents some challenges for use of these wind vector observations in operational NWP, including frequent maneuvers of the spacecraft that could alter instrument performance.

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Song, Young-Joo, Young-Rok Kim, Jonghee Bae, Jae-ik Park, Seungbum Hong, Donghun Lee, and Dae-Kwan Kim. "Overview of the Flight Dynamics Subsystem for Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter Mission." Aerospace 8, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8080222.

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Korea’s first lunar mission, the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO), aims to launch in mid-2022 via the Space-X Falcon-9 launch vehicle. For the successful flight operation of KPLO, the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) has designed and developed the Flight Dynamics Subsystem (FDS). FDS is one of the subsystems in the KPLO Deep-Space Ground System (KDGS), which is responsible for the overall flight dynamics-related operation. FDS is currently successfully implemented and meets all of the requirements derived from the critical design phases. The current work addresses the design and implementation results for the KPLO FDS. Starting from overviews on KPLO payloads, bus systems, and mission trajectory characteristics, a review on KDGS is also treated briefly. Details on the design philosophy, unique characteristics, and functionalities of all six different modules nested inside the FDS with its Graphical User Interface (GUI) design are discussed. Moreover, efforts currently devoted to the flight operation preparation of the KPLO are summarized, including many collaborative works between KARI and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) teams.

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Albarado, Tesia L., William A. Hollerman, David Edwards, Whitney Hubbs, and Charles Semmel. "Electron Exposure Measurements of Candidate Solar Sail Materials." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1823495.

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Solar sailing is a unique form of propulsion where a spacecraft gains momentum from incident photons. Since sails are not limited by reaction mass, they provide continual acceleration, reduced only by the lifetime of the lightweight film in the space environment and the distance to the Sun. Practical solar sails can expand the number of possible missions that are difficult by conventional means. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is concentrating research into the utilization of ultra lightweight materials for spacecraft propulsion. Solar sails are generally composed of a highly reflective metallic front layer, a thin polymeric substrate, and occasionally a highly emissive back surface. The Space Environmental Effects Team at MSFC is actively characterizing candidate sails to evaluate the thermo-optical and mechanical properties after exposure to electrons. This paper will discuss the preliminary results of this research.

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Simons, Sherri Lee. "Using CUS Words in the NICU." Neonatal Network 27, no. 6 (November 2008): 423–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.27.6.423.

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THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND Space Administration (NASA) has been known for having some of the best employees in various engineering and science disciplines over the years. NASA’s collective accomplishments and cutting-edge technology made it possible for humankind to explore the moon and outer space, a feat once thought impossible. Yet, despite all of NASA’s accomplishments, on February 1, 2003, seven astronauts died when the Columbia incinerated on reentry into Earth’s atmosphere. A key contributor to that tragedy was a culture that fostered ineffective communication of critical safety information and stifled professional differences of opinion.1,2

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Taylor, J. D., and D. F. Hunsaker. "Low-fidelity method for rapid aerostructural optimisation and design-space exploration of planar wings." Aeronautical Journal 125, no. 1289 (April 30, 2021): 1209–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2021.14.

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ABSTRACTDuring early phases of wing design, analytic and low-fidelity methods are often used to identify promising design concepts. In many cases, solutions obtained using these methods provide intuition about the design space that is not easily obtained using higher-fidelity methods. This is especially true for aerostructural design. However, many analytic and low-fidelity aerostructural solutions are limited in application to wings with specific planforms and weight distributions. Here, a numerical method for minimising induced drag with structural constraints is presented that uses approximations that apply to unswept planar wings with arbitrary planforms and weight distributions. The method is applied to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ikhana airframe to show how it can be used for rapid aerostructural optimisation and design-space exploration. The design space around the optimum solution is visualised, and the sensitivity of the optimum solution to changes in weight distribution, structural properties, wing loading and taper ratio is shown. The optimum lift distribution and wing-structure weight for the Ikhana airframe are shown to be in good agreement with analytic solutions. Whereas most modern high-fidelity solvers obtain solutions in a matter of hours, all of the solutions shown here can be obtained in a matter of seconds.

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Abel, Phillip. "Up Close: Materials Division of NASA-Lewis Research Center." MRS Bulletin 12, no. 2 (March 1987): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400068512.

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The Materials Division in the Aerospace Technology Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-Lewis Research Center has a distinguished history of contributions to advanced materials research and development. Located in Cleveland, Ohio, the Lewis Research Center was originally built for aircraft piston engine research during World War II as a part of NASA's predecessor, the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics. After the war, with its need for immediate engineering solutions ended, attention at Lewis turned to a variety of more fundamental research problems. As early as the 1950s, a portion of the experimental effort at Lewis sought new materials to withstand the extremely high temperatures within turbojet engines. The needs for materials to withstand ever more severe temperature/environment extremes continue, and recognition of these needs, in part, motivates the current materials research effort at NASA-Lewis. The Materials Division structure reflects the strengths as well as the diversity of research areas being investigated. Each of the eight branches making up the Materials Division is briefly sketched below.The Microgravity Materials Science Laboratory is a unique facility with the purpose of allowing industry, university, and government researchers to prepare for materials processing experiments to be done in the “microgravity” environment aboard the Space Shuttle.

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Weisbin, C., and D. Perillard. "R & D Profile Jet Propulsion Laboratory Robotic Facilities and Associated Research." Robotica 9, no. 1 (January 1991): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700015526.

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SUMMARYThis paper describes the robotics facilities and associated research program of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, lead center in telerobotics for the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Emphasis is placed on evolution from teleoperation to remote System automation. Research is described in manipulator modelling and control, real-time planning and monitoring, navigation in outdoor terrain, real-time sensing and perception, human-machine interface, and overall System architectures. Applications to NASA missions emphasize robotic spacecraft for solar System exploration, satellite servicing and retrieval, assembly of structures, and surveillance. Applications to military missions include battlefield navigation, surveillance, logistics, command and control.

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Jones, R. I. "The more electric aircraft—assessing the benefits." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 216, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095441002321028775.

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The concept of the more electric aircraft (MEA), where electrical power is used for at least some of the on-board functions at present powered by hydraulics and pneumatics, has many claimed benefits and is far from new. However, almost all larger aircraft retain hydraulics and pneumatics. Over recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the MEA concept, with developments in relevant technologies and their adoption in other areas of engineering. In support of UK efforts on this and related concepts, the College of Aeronautics has been performing studies since the mid 1980s to assess the benefits of changes. This paper describes the background to these studies and the relationships between them as well as some of their findings, concluding that it is important that such assessment work should be continued in the future.

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Pitt, R. E., S. E. Clark, and B. Steets. "Development of treatment media for advanced stormwater treatment at an industrial site." Water Practice and Technology 14, no. 1 (December 8, 2018): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2018.111.

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Abstract The Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL) occupies about 2,850 acres and is located in Ventura County, California. The site is jointly owned by the Boeing Company and the federal government (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration administers the federal portion of the property). Much of the site was historically used as a rocket engine testing and energy research facility from 1949 to 1998. The site stormwater discharges are permitted by the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board through an individual industrial NPDES permit that includes numeric effluent limits for a wide range of constituents, including dioxins and metals. A large portion of the site uses distributed source stormwater controls with natural treatment systems utilizing chemically active media. As part of this approach, extensive research was conducted to develop a robust media for use in these controls to meet the discharge objectives. This paper describes the development of the media and its characteristics.

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Cunningham, John D., Don Chambers, Curtiss O. Davis, Andrew Gerber, Rosalind Helz, James P. McGuire, and William Pichel. "Ocean Observer Study: A Proposed National Asset to Augment the Future U.S. Operational Satellite System." Marine Technology Society Journal 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533203787537302.

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The next generation of U.S. polar orbiting environmental satellites, are now under development. These satellites, jointly developed by the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of Commerce (DOC), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), will be known as the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). It is expected that the first of these satellites will be launched in 2010. NPOESS has been designed to meet the operational needs of the U.S. civilian meteorological, environmental, climatic, and space environmental remote sensing programs, and the Global Military Space and Geophysical Environmental remote sensing programs. This system, however, did not meet all the needs of the user community interested in operational oceanography (particularly in coastal regions). Beginning in the fall of 2000, the Integrated Program Office (IPO), a joint DoD, DOC, and NASA office responsible for the NPOESS development, initiated the Ocean Observer Study (OOS). The purpose of this study was to assess and recommend how best to measure the missing or inadequately sampled ocean parameters. This paper summarizes the ocean measurement requirements documented in the OOS, describes the national need to measure these parameters, and describes the satellite instrumentation required to make those measurements.

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Trani, Antonio A., Hojong Baik, Howard Swingle, and Senanu Ashiabor. "Integrated Model for Studying Small Aircraft Transportation System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1850, no. 1 (January 2003): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1850-01.

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A systems engineering methodology was used to study the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) concept as a feasible mode of transportation. The proposed approach employs a multistep intercity transportation planning process executed inside a Systems Dynamics model. Doing so permits a better understanding of SATS impacts to society over time. The approach is viewed as an extension to traditional intercity transport models through the introduction of explicit demand–supply causal links of the proposed SATS over the complete life cycle of the program. The modeling framework discussed is currently being used by the Virginia SATS Alliance to quantify possible impacts of the SATS program for NASA’s Langley Research Center. There is discussion of some of the modeling efforts carried out so far and of some of the transportation modeling challenges facing the SATS program ahead.

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Himelblau, H., D. Kern, and G. Davis. "Summary of Cassini Acoustic Criteria Development Using Titan IV Flight Data." Journal of the IEST 36, no. 5 (September 1, 1993): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.36.5.c408vvk263q216u5.

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The Cassini spacecraft is being developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to orbit and explore the planet Saturn, its rings, and satellites. Cassini will be launched on a Titan IV and boosted out of Earth orbit by a Centaur. This paper discusses the development of Cassini acoustic criteria using Titan IV flight data. Factors affecting the development of Cassini acoustic criteria using corrected Titan IV flight data1 include the statistical methods used to account for spatial and flight-to-flight variations, the use of maximax spectra, data corrections for acoustic pressure increases near the payload fairing surfaces, and corrections for payload fill factor effects. Separate acoustic criteria were developed for the two launch sites.

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Marshall, Craig P., and Alison Olcott Marshall. "Raman spectroscopy as a screening tool for ancient life detection on Mars." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2030 (December 13, 2014): 20140195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0195.

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The search for sp 2 -bonded carbonaceous material is one of the major life detection strategies of the astrobiological exploration programmes of National Aeronautics and Space Administration and European Space Agency (ESA). The ESA ExoMars rover scheduled for launch in 2018 will include a Raman spectrometer with the goal of detecting sp 2 -bonded carbonaceous material as potential evidence of ancient life. However, sp 2 -bonded carbonaceous material will yield the same Raman spectra of well-developed G and D bands whether they are synthesized biologically or non-biologically. Therefore, the origin and source of sp 2 -bonded carbonaceous material cannot be elucidated by Raman spectroscopy alone. Here, we report the combined approach of Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry biomarker analysis to Precambrian sedimentary rocks, which taken together, provides a promising new methodology for readily detecting and rapidly screening samples for immature organic material amenable to successful biomarker analysis.

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Norton, Lord Kings. "The beginnings of jet propulsion." Aeronautical Journal 103, no. 1022 (April 1999): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000096494.

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The chairman: I know that everyone here shares with me our pleasure in welcoming as our lecturer one of the most distinguished and one of the most erudite and delightful people of all those who over the years have made their mark on British aeronautics. Lord Kings Norton has been Chancellor of Cranfield Institute of Technology since 1969. He began his career in aviation sixty-one years ago at Cardington, as a young engineer working on the design and construction of that much maligned major project, the airship R101, and then subsequently as Dr. Harold Roxbee Cox (as many of us still remember him) he was the head of the Air Defence Department of the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough. Next he was Chief Technical Officer of the newly formed Air Registration Board before he returned to the RAE in 1939 as Superintendent of Scientific Research.

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Rink, Tom, W. Paul Menzel, Liam Gumley, and Kathy Strabala. "HYDRA2: A Multispectral Data Analysis Toolkit for Sensors on Suomi-NPP and Other Current Satellite Platforms." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 97, no. 7 (July 1, 2016): 1283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00285.1.

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Abstract The Hyperspectral Data Viewer for Development of Research Applications, version 2 (HYDRA2), is a freeware-based multispectral analysis toolkit for satellite data that assists scientists in research and development, as well as education and training of remote sensing applications. HYDRA2 users can explore and visualize relationships between sensor measurements (brightness temperatures for infrared and reflectances for visible/near-infrared wavelengths) using spectral diagrams, cross sections, scatterplots, multiband combinations, and color enhancements on a pixel-by-pixel basis. HYDRA2 can be used with direct broadcast and archived data from sensors on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Suomi–National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP), NASA Aqua/Terra, European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Meteorological Operational (MetOp), and Chinese Fengyun-3 platforms. This paper describes HYDRA2 and presents some examples using data retrievals from the Suomi-NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), and Terra/Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments.

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Ridwan, M. A., N. A. M. Radzi, W. S. H. M. W. Ahmad, I. S. Mustafa, N. M. Din, Y. E. Jalil, A. M. Isa, N. S. Othman, and W. M. D. W. Zaki. "Applications of Landsat-8 Data: a Survey." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22858.

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Landsat 8 was launched in 2013 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). On board of the Landsat 8 is the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). Data for visible, panchromatic band, short-wave infrared spectral bands are collected by the OLI while TIRS collect images in the thermal region. As data for Landsat 8 is available to be used for public, researchers have utilized the data for numerous applications. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is yet a review paper on the various applications of Landsat 8 data. Hence, this paper presented an innovative survey on Landsat 8 data in the application of agriculture and forestry, land use and mapping, geology, hydrology, coastal resources and environmental monitoring. The potential of utilizing Landsat 8 data for power utility companies is also discussed in this paper. As Landsat 8 data is predicted to be available for more years to come, this paper provides insight for researchers to utilize the data better for their research.

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McNoldy, Brian, Bachir Annane, Sharanya Majumdar, Javier Delgado, Lisa Bucci, and Robert Atlas. "Impact of Assimilating CYGNSS Data on Tropical Cyclone Analyses and Forecasts in a Regional OSSE Framework." Marine Technology Society Journal 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.51.1.1.

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AbstractThe impact of assimilating ocean surface wind observations from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) is examined in a high-resolution Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) framework for tropical cyclones (TCs). CYGNSS is a planned National Aeronautics and Space Administration constellation of microsatellites that utilizes existing GNSS satellites to retrieve surface wind speed. In the OSSE, CYGNSS wind speed data are simulated using output from a “nature run” as truth. In a case study using the regional Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting modeling system and the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation data assimilation scheme, analyses of TC position, structure, and intensity, together with large-scale variables, are improved due to the assimilation of the additional surface wind data. These results indicate the potential importance of CYGNSS ocean surface wind speed data and furthermore that the assimilation of directional information would add further value to TC analyses and forecasts.

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Di Bella, Marcella, Franco Pirajno, Giuseppe Sabatino, Simona Quartieri, Roberto Barbieri, Barbara Cavalazzi, Annalisa Ferretti, et al. "Rolling Ironstones from Earth and Mars: Terrestrial Hydrothermal Ooids as a Potential Analogue of Martian Spherules." Minerals 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11050460.

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High-resolution images of Mars from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) rovers revealed mm-size loose haematite spherulitic deposits (nicknamed “blueberries”) similar to terrestrial iron-ooids, for which both abiotic and biotic genetic hypotheses have been proposed. Understanding the formation mechanism of these haematite spherules can thus improve our knowledge on the possible geologic evolution and links to life development on Mars. Here, we show that shape, size, fabric and mineralogical composition of the Martian spherules share similarities with corresponding iron spherules currently forming on the Earth over an active submarine hydrothermal system located off Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, Mediterranean Sea). Hydrothermal fluids associated with volcanic activity enable these terrestrial spheroidal grains to form and grow. The recent exceptional discovery of a still working iron-ooid source on the Earth provides indications that past hydrothermal activity on the Red Planet is a possible scenario to be considered as the cause of formation of these enigmatic iron grains.

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Bheekhun, Nadiir, Abd Rahim Abu Talib, and Mohd Roshdi Hassan. "Aerogels in Aerospace: An Overview." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/406065.

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Aerogels are highly porous structures prepared via a sol-gel process and supercritical drying technology. Among the classes of aerogels, silica aerogel exhibits the most remarkable physical properties, possessing lower density, thermal conductivity, refractive index, and dielectric constant than any solids. Its acoustical property is such that it can absorb the sound waves reducing speed to 100 m/s compared to 332 m/s for air. However, when it comes to commercialization, the result is not as expected. It seems that mass production, particularly in the aerospace industry, has dawdled behind. This paper highlights the evolution of aerogels in general and discusses the functions and significances of silica aerogel in previous astronautical applications. Future outer-space applications have been proposed as per the current research trend. Finally, the implementation of conventional silica aerogel in aeronautics is argued with an alternative known as Maerogel.

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Sullivan, John T., Thomas J. McGee, Russell DeYoung, Laurence W. Twigg, Grant K. Sumnicht, Denis Pliutau, Travis Knepp, and William Carrion. "Results from the NASA GSFC and LaRC Ozone Lidar Intercomparison: New Mobile Tools for Atmospheric Research." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 32, no. 10 (October 2015): 1779–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-14-00193.1.

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AbstractDuring a 2-week period in May 2014, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center Tropospheric Ozone Differential Absorption Lidar (GSFC TROPOZ DIAL) was situated near the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) Mobile Ozone Lidar (LMOL) and made simultaneous measurements for a continuous 15-h observation period in which six separate ozonesondes were launched to provide reference ozone profiles. Although each of these campaign-ready lidars has very different transmitter and receiver components, they produced very similar ozone profiles, which were mostly within 10% of each other and the ozonesondes. The observed column averages as compared to the ozonesondes also agree well and are within 8% of each other. A robust uncertainty analysis was performed, and the results indicate that there is no statistically significant systematic bias between the TROPOZ and LMOL instruments. With the extended measurements and ozonesonde launches, this intercomparison has yielded an in-depth evaluation of the precision and accuracy of the two new lidars. This intercomparison is also the first (to the best of the authors’ knowledge) reported measurement intercomparison of two ground-based tropospheric ozone lidar systems within the United States.

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Marshak, Alexander, Jay Herman, Szabo Adam, Blank Karin, Simon Carn, Alexander Cede, Igor Geogdzhayev, et al. "Earth Observations from DSCOVR EPIC Instrument." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, no. 9 (September 2018): 1829–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-17-0223.1.

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AbstractThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft was launched on 11 February 2015 and in June 2015 achieved its orbit at the first Lagrange point (L1), 1.5 million km from Earth toward the sun. There are two National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth-observing instruments on board: the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Advanced Radiometer (NISTAR). The purpose of this paper is to describe various capabilities of the DSCOVR EPIC instrument. EPIC views the entire sunlit Earth from sunrise to sunset at the backscattering direction (scattering angles between 168.5° and 175.5°) with 10 narrowband filters: 317, 325, 340, 388, 443, 552, 680, 688, 764, and 779 nm. We discuss a number of preprocessing steps necessary for EPIC calibration including the geolocation algorithm and the radiometric calibration for each wavelength channel in terms of EPIC counts per second for conversion to reflectance units. The principal EPIC products are total ozone (O3) amount, scene reflectivity, erythemal irradiance, ultraviolet (UV) aerosol properties, sulfur dioxide (SO2) for volcanic eruptions, surface spectral reflectance, vegetation properties, and cloud products including cloud height. Finally, we describe the observation of horizontally oriented ice crystals in clouds and the unexpected use of the O2 B-band absorption for vegetation properties.

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Li, Xingxing, and Ke Yang. "Parametric exploration on the airfoil design space by numerical design of experiment methodology and multiple regression model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 234, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650919850426.

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Robust airfoil design is crucial to efficient, stable, and safe operation for modern wind turbines. However, even for deterministic wind turbine airfoil design, the problem is complex regarding to aerodynamic, acoustic, and structural requirements of wind turbine blades. Therefore, this study aims to assess the design variable impact, identify significant variables, and obtain the correlation with the airfoil responses, to reduce the cost of the airfoil robust optimization. In this paper, the optimal hypercube design method was applied to an airfoil designed by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, NACA 63-421, which is commonly employed in the outboard modern wind turbine blade, to perform the numerical design of experiments. Then, a parametric exploration on the characteristics of airfoil design space by the multiple regression model and statistical analysis method were conducted. It was identified that in regular design space, the variations of aerodynamic and structural parameters are dominated by the airfoil camber and radius of leading edge. Meanwhile, the chord-wise position of the maximum thickness also has strong impacts on the airfoil performance. In further, the overall design spaces are explored to be highly nonlinear in aerodynamic and acoustic responses because of the nonlinear effects of the airfoil chord-wise position of the maximum camber and radius of leading edge. Strong but undesirable correlations were demonstrated between the maximum lift-to-drag ratio and the total sound pressure level. These findings could serve as a valuable guidance for wind turbine airfoil robust design to screen the stochastic design variables, simplify the design space, and reduce the cost.

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"Ethical Standards for Publication of Aeronautics and Astronautics Research." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 51, no. 1 (January 2014): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.a32912.

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"Ethical Standards for Publication of Aeronautics and Astronautics Research." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 50, no. 1 (January 2013): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.62197.

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"Ethical Standards for Publication of Aeronautics and Astronautics Research." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 41, no. 1 (January 2004): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.10211.

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"Ethical Standards for Publication of Aeronautics and Astronautics Research." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 42, no. 1 (January 2005): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.15420.

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"Ethical Standards for Publication of Aeronautics and Astronautics Research." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 27, no. 1 (January 1990): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.55608.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board'

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