Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aéronautique – systèmes de communication'
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Asselin, Eric. "Système de détection d'intrusion adapté au système de communication aéronautique ACARS." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0058.
Full textModern civil aviation is increasingly dependent on the interconnection of all players, be it aircraft manufacturers, air traffic controllers, pilots, crew members or airlines. In recent years, much work has been done to propose methods to simplify the task of pilots, to better control and optimize airspace, to facilitate the management of flights by airlines and to optimize the maintenance tasks between flights. In addition, airlines are seeking not only to provide more demanding passengers with entertainment, messaging and web browsing services, but also Internet connection services for their own devices. This omnipresence of connectivity in the aeronautical field has paved the way for a new set of cyber threats. The industry must therefore be able to deploy security mechanisms inline with safety requirements while allowing the many functional needs of all actors. Despite this, there are few solutions for intrusion detection and analysis on avionics systems. The complexity of updates on such a system makes it difficult to use strictly signature-based mechanisms, so it is desirable that more "smart" mechanisms, threats evolution proof, be developed and deployed. This thesis is part of an approach to put in place security mechanisms for communications between the ground and the airplane, and more particularly an intrusion detection system for the aeronautical communication system ACARS to protect the Air Traffic Control (ATC) and Aeronautical Operational Control (AOC) functions. Based on anomaly detection technique, a first proposed model makes it possible to discriminate the abnormal ACARS messages using a technique borrowed from the text classification, n-grams. A second proposed model, also based on anomaly detection technique, allows to model a sequence of messages, using Markov chains, exchanged between the ground and the airplane during a flight, allowing to detect messages not taking part of a normal communication. The last contribution consists of an alternative to the ROC curve to evaluate the performance of an intrusion detection system when the available data set contains only normal instances
Neji, Najett. "Etude de la compatibilité radioélectrique du futur système de communication aéronautique en bande L." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825251.
Full textDezalay, Thierry. "Systèmes d'information et réactivité dans une unité de l'aéronautique." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUEL263.
Full textThis thesis is based on a survey in an aeronautics plant. It attempts to answer two questions : - why do firms often have difficulties in getting efficient information systems? - what are the bases of an information systems theory that could help firms to become more competitive in an unstable environment? The main hypothesis is that social principles of it professionals are not relevant today to found flexible information systems
Benejean, Marie. "Informatisation des productions d'information et des activités de communication dans les relations pilotes-contrôleurs : contradictions et reconfigurations entre technologies en projet et mises en pratiques." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2111/.
Full textThe aviation industry has encountered numerous socio-technical transformations that have multiplied due to the contemporary climate of globalisation of economies. Pilots' and air-traffic controllers' information production and communication activities, which are essential to the air navigation activity, are particularly affected. In this paper, the theory of activity (Engeström, 1987) will be used to study the technology-organisation-system articulation. This should provide a deeper understanding of the interweaving of technical systems that are continuously more standardized and standardizing, established by international and national authorities, and that have to be implemented locally. Using the architext approach (Jeanneret, 1999), this research questions the communication model as it is registered and prescribed in the technical systems of pilots' and air-traffic controllers' exchanges. Moreover, it identifies, in light of observable practices, some resulting key questions at the level of piloting and air traffic control activities
Badarou, Aminath. "Etude et développement d'une architecture radio numérique innovante dans le contexte des communications aéronautiques." Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=ff1c4015-9326-4850-a7cd-eacee52850cc.
Full textAir traffic evolution around the word result in high air navigation equipments needs. This PhD study focuses on a new digital architecture for UHF (225 MHz – 400 MHz) and VHF (118 MHz -144 MHz) transmitter in aeronautical communications context. New architecture for both current systems and futures systems (which is presently being specified) like LDACS-1 and LDACS-2 systems has to be proposed. The best architecture choice is related to the amplification stage linearization techniques used. This work was carried out in three main steps. First, the best architecture choice suited to our application is made. The second step of the study is dedicated to the architecture digital implementation. Last but no least step is devoted to the experimental validation which allow to assess the system performances
Grieu, Jérôme. "Analyse et évaluation de techniques de commutation Ethernet pour l'interconnexion des systèmes avioniques." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7385/1/grieu.pdf.
Full textVey, Quentin. "Méthode d'accès et routage dans un réseau ad hoc aéronautique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30014/document.
Full textThe communication systems used in civil aviation are subject to an ever increasing capacity demand because of the air traffic growth and the development of new services. In this context, the AANETs (Aeronautical Ad-hoc NETworks) are studied as an innovative communication solution that would complement existing systems. An AANET is an ad hoc network in which the nodes are aircraft. It makes use of direct inter-aircraft communications to transmit data beyond the radio range by using a chain of relays. The objective of this thesis is to propose a solution to two complex problematics present in AANETs : the channel access management and the routing. Previous studies have shown the feasibility of such networks, and a communication architecture based on CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) has been proposed in the literature. The CDMA allows concurrent receptions between users. However, no spreading code assignment method have been specified. In order to solve this problem on large scale networks such as AANETs, we propose to improve an existing method : the RP-CDMA (Random Packet CDMA). We then describe the innovative routing protocol that we have designed: NoDe-TBR (Node Density TBR). In the TBR (Trajectory Based Routing) paradigm, the packets are forwarded along a geographical path (geopath), specified by the sender. We specify through NoDe-TBR a method to compute these paths. In this protocol, the geopaths are computed as geodesics which take into account the actual node density. This approach has been selected because it should have the benefits of geographic routing (very low overhead) while being robust to the specific conditions encountered in AANETs (mobility, uneven aircraft density). To assess the performances of our propositions, we have developed models for the simulator Omnet++. We have used an approach based on the replay of actual aircraft trajectories in order to take into account the variety of constraints applied to the movements of the aircraft. The simulated data traffic represents bidirectional communications between aircraft and ground stations. Our simulations shows that the modification we propose for RP-CDMA improve the overall performances of the system. The simulations results also shows that NoDe-TBR outperforms more classical routing methods in terms of reachability and delay, while generating less overhead
Oulmahdi, Mohamed. "Architecture Autonome et Extensible pour une Couche de Transport Évolutive. Application aux Communications Aéronautique par Satellites." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAT0015/document.
Full textThe recent decades are characterized by an important evolution of the Internet at all planes, covering applications and network technologies. This evolution results on new applications requirements and new networks constraints making classical protocols (TCP and UDP typically) less and less suitable. Consequently, many new more efficient protocols have been proposed. However, due to several limitations of the actual Transport layer, these new protocols have not been deployed.From this statement, the work presented in this thesis is about the proposition and the realization of an architecture for the Transport layer, including extensibility and auto-adaptability capabilities regarding the evolution of application and network context. The proposed solution is based on low-coupling between, in a part, the Transport layer and the external actors (applications and systems), and in the other part between the internal component of the architecture. In parallel, the architecture is based on models and algorithms for detecting and taking into account the evolution of networks and applications, and adapt it behavior consequently. A complete implementation of the solution is proposed and evaluated in the context of aeronautical communications by satellite. The aim is the management of the transition phase of the aeronautical network to the Internet protocols suite, and the management of the heterogeneity of the different physical links. The tests demonstrated the feasibility of such extensible and autonomic architecture, the performances gains which can be obtained, and the resulting cost
Ben, Mahmoud Mohamed Slim. "Addressing Security Challenges in Emerging Data-based Aeronautical Communications." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0006/document.
Full textThis research work deals with the information and network security in the aeronautical communication domain. Three fundamental research axes are explored. First, a quantitative network security risk assessment methodology is proposed. Our approach is based on the risk propagation within the network nodes. As study cases, the algorithm has been validated in the scope of the European industrial project entitled SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research) and the Aerospace Valley FAST (Fibrelike Aircraft Satellite Communications). Particularly, experimental results relative to the case study devoted to the FAST project shown that the global network risk in the non secured system architecture is relatively high, meaning the system needs more consideration from a security point of view. To cope with this issue, an adaptive security management framework for a satellite-based aeronauticalcommunication architecture has been proposed as a second contribution. A security manager module has been designed, implemented, then tested in the scope of the FAST project. Finally, as the security primitives used in the adaptive security management framework need to be efficiently exchanged, the last contribution consists in a scalable PKI adapted for the upcoming network-enabled aircraft. The idea is to minimize the air-ground additional overhead induced by the security procedures (keys, digital certificates, revocation/verification procedures). The PKI model we propose is a cross-certified multirooted hierarchical model
Raddadi, Bilel. "Récepteurs avancés et nouvelles formes d'ondes pour les communications aéronautiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0057/document.
Full textNowadays, several studies are launched for the design of reliable and safe communications systems that introduce Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), this paves the way for UAV communication systems to play an important role in a lot of applications for non-segregated military and civil airspaces. Until today, rules for integrating commercial UAVs in airspace still need to be defined, the design of secure, highly reliable and cost effective communications systems still a challenging task. This thesis is part of this communication context. Motivated by the rapid growth of UAV quantities and by the new generations of UAVs controlled by satellite, the thesis aims to study the various possible UAV links which connect UAV/aircraft to other communication system components (satellite, terrestrial networks, etc.). Three main links are considered: the Forward link, the Return link and the Mission link. Due to spectrum scarcity and higher concentration in aircraft density, spectral efficiency becomes a crucial parameter for largescale deployment of UAVs. In order to set up a spectrally efficient UAV communication system, a good understanding of transmission channel for each link is indispensable, as well as a judicious choice of the waveform. This thesis begins to study propagation channels for each link: a mutipath channels through radio Line-of-Sight (LOS) links, in a context of using Meduim Altitude Long drones Endurance (MALE) UAVs. The objective of this thesis is to maximize the solutions and the algorithms used for signal reception such as channel estimation and channel equalization. These algorithms will be used to estimate and to equalize the existing muti-path propagation channels. Furthermore, the proposed methods depend on the choosen waveform. Because of the presence of satellite link, in this thesis, we consider two low-papr linear waveforms: classical Single-Carrier (SC) waveform and Extented Weighted Single-Carrier Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (EW-SC-OFDM) waveform. channel estimation and channel equalization are performed in the time-domain (SC) or in the frequency-domain (EW-SC-OFDM). UAV architecture envisages the implantation of two antennas placed at wings. These two antennas can be used to increase diversity gain (channel matrix gain). In order to reduce channel equalization complexity, the EWSC- OFDM waveform is proposed and studied in a muti-antennas context, also for the purpose of enhancing UAV endurance and also increasing spectral efficiency, a new modulation technique is considered: Spatial Modulation (SM). In SM, transmit antennas are activated in an alternating manner. The use of EW-SC-OFDM waveform combined to SM technique allows us to propose new modified structures which exploit exces bandwidth to improve antenna bit protection and thus enhancing system performances
Itabu, Issa Sadiki Michel. "La sécurité aérienne en Afrique : la communication autistique au sein du collectif sécuritaire de l'aéronautique civile congolaise." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H205/document.
Full textThe Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was one of the best models of aeronautical exploitation in Africa during colonization and over a couple of decades after independence to the extent of being congratulated by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Today, in contrast, this huge central African country (DRC) is the bad student in world civil aviation in terms of security and the worst in terms of air accidents and disasters since the sector was liberalized in 1978. The consequence is that ORC has been blacklisted by the European Union since 2005. In the collective memory and the media, DRC is associated with crashes and air disasters so that every lime there is a plane crash anywhere in the world, reference is made to ORC. This research questions the issue of communication within organizations. New paradigms of air accidents are questioned with the aim of their prevention upstream in air transport. The main research question is about communication in civil aeronautics. As a matter of tact, even though registered occurrences in ORC have been attributed either to human error or to technology, or to the environment, or sometimes to the combination of these three factors, results of this study conducted in a genealogic-process, socio-anthropological and macro aeronautical technically-systemic approach indicate that the avalanche of air accidents and disasters in ORC is due to "autistic communication", that is, "the normalization of the abnormal, dysfunction, deviances and infringement of standards", thus 'the abnormal standardized" or through communication that proceeds by discrepancies to standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in a highly regulated and standardized field. The study depicts the evolution of Congolese civil aeronautics since its colonial origins until the present, it immerses itself in the organizations or structures of its "security sector", and outlines the types of communications, interactions, relations and interrelations that occur in there including paradoxical, ambiguous, confusing, incompatible, absurd communications, non-communications, communicational blindness or denial of communication, dialog of the deaf, transpersonal defense communication, silence as waffle. Finally, the research analyzes air accidents and disasters that occurred in DRC between 1990 and 2011 without leniency to demonstrate this and suggests a systemic theory of civil aeronautics security sector as "a brake" to autistic communicational practices in civil aviation
Gaudan, Stéphanie. "Management des risques de fautes de conception liées aux technologies orientées objet pour leur utilisation dans les applications avioniques critiques." Toulouse, INSA, 2007. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000187/.
Full textObject-Oriented technologies could significantly reduce the development costs of software applications. Consequently, the suppliers of critical avionics applications are interested in using these technologies. For that purpose, they beforehand have to demonstrate their control of these technologies to the certification authorities. A set of intrinsic risks of these technologies was intuitively identified by feedback. In our works, we propose a risk management process allowing to control the design faults risks induced by the Object-Oriented technologies. We begin by identifying the risk and their sources. We propose in this way two specific models of risk identification. Then, we define a set of specific metrics in order to estimate these risks and their factors. We have particularly developed metrics allowing the integration of a key risk factor: the designer understanding of the elements of code contained in an object-oriented program. We estimate globally the fault risks by means of Bayesian Networks filled up with static analysis of the code. Finally, the networks analysis can provide flexible, adapted and justified guidelines, bringing necessary guarantees of the technologies control for the certification
Joumessi, Demeffo Steve. "Dispositif communicant par optique sans fil pour les transmissions audio à l’intérieur du cockpit d’un avion." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0065.
Full textThe work developed in this thesis is part of the European project H2020 Clean Sky 2 entitled ALC (« Aircraft Light Communication ») which aims to provide a proof of concept of the integration of optical wireless technology in the aircraft cockpit, as an alternative to radio frequency and wired solutions, having several limitations like safety and comfort. The work carried out in this thesis concerns the development of a headset communicating in infrared in a bidirectional network made of an access point located at the cockpit ceiling and four helmets worn by the crewmembers. We started by presenting the digital communication techniques that can be used in the context to motivate the choice of the study of OOK (« on-off keying»), PPM (« pulse-position modulation») modulations and DCF («distributed coordination function») with RTS/CTS (« request to send/clear to send »). Then, the transceiver main characteristics have been identified and the optical channel was modeled using the RaPSor simulation software, developed at XLIM/SYCOMOR and based on raytracing method associated with a Monte-Carlo technique. This modelling, based on a 3D model of the cockpit and the bodies of the crewmembers, allowed determining the optimal half-power angles of the sources located on the access point and on the headsets, taking into account the robustness against the random movements of the crew members during the flight. The static gains from the channel modelling were then used in a joint study of the performance of the physical and data link layers. This study highlighted the trade-off between the emitted power level and latency for a targeted quality of service. We have shown that it is possible to design an optical wireless network in an AIRBUS A350 cockpit compliant with the IEEE802.11 standard with: 4-PPM modulation, DCF with RTS/CTS channel access method, a packet error rate of 10-4 and a successful communication delay of 2.5ms. This is possible if the contention window parameter defined in the IEEE802.11 standard specifications is adapted according to the network probability collision, packets size and the data rate. Finally, we designed a modular test bench based on software defined radio. We chose the GNU Radio environment associated with USRP (« universal software radio peripheral »). Specific optical front-ends have been developed for this aim. We have experimentally shown the influence of the source parameters on the packet error rate. The work carried out in this thesis opens several perspectives in terms of simulation and experimentation
Royer, Mickaël. "Routage basé sur le contenu dans les réseaux ad-hoc aéronautiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30047/document.
Full textIn a context of growing needs of communication means to increase ight safety and meet the expectations of companies and passengers, the world of civil aviation seeks new communication systems that can meet these objectives. The Aeronautical Ad-Hoc Networks, AANETs represent an innovative approach to address this problem. It is self-configured networks, using no fixed infrastructure where the nodes are commercial aircraft. The AANETs can be seen as a subset of the VANET (Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks) since they share many features as the constraints imposed on the trajectories. In order to use these mobile networks more eficiently while meeting the needs of new applications, such as the transmission of weather information in real time, requiring air to air communications. , we propose in this thesis to use the paradigm of content based routing above AANET. In this kind of routing, it is not a destination address that is used to identify the recipients, but the message content itself. In this paradigm, a transmitter sends a message having attributes and the message is then transmitted by the network to nodes interested by the content of the message. Applied to weather information update, this approach allows an aircraft detecting a dangerous phenomenon such as a thunderstorm to only prevent interested nodes, ie those whose the trajectorycome close to the storm during the lifetime of the event. In this thesis, we have chosen to rely on the popular Publish / Subscribe (P/S) paradigm to provide a content based routing service. In this approach, publishers publish events. On the other side, nodes send subscriptions to declare their interest and the system is then in charge of forward events to nodes that match their needs. After a state of the art about existing P / S systems, particularly those adapted to VANETs, we choose to test the solutions seemed interesting in a AANET context. To accomplish this, we have developed as a Omnet ++ mobility model using real position reports to replay a full day of trafic of aircraft and several aeronautical applications based on a P / S system to generate realistic data. The results show that these solutions are not completely suitable for AANET context. Therefore, in a second step, we proposed a new P / S system which is more eficient on a AANET. This solution is based on an overlay network built thanks to a new of 1-hopping clustering algorithm suitable for AANET. In order to increase the stability of the overlay architecture, this algorithm is based on the number of neighbors and the relative mobility between the nodes to define groups. The tests show that the P/S system based on this overlay provides better results than the previously tested solutions, whether in terms of network load or percentage of transmitted events
Varet, Antoine. "Conception, mise en oeuvre et évaluation d'un routeur embarqué pour l'avionique de nouvelle génération." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932283.
Full textBiannic, Jean-Marc. "Commande robuste des systèmes à paramètres variables : applications en aéronautique." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ESAE0015.
Full textMangonneaux, Audrey. "Autonomous system for submetric positioning of aircraft on airport surface." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0069.
Full textImportant effort is being undertaken to design new A-SMGCS (Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System) architecture and functions that will enable an efficient and safe management of the traffic on the surface of the airport, in all weather conditions. The state of the art in airport navigation, with the current functions available to assist pilots, and also the additional applications envisaged to improve the airport navigation in low visibility condition is introduced. To develop new airport navigation functionalities, the heart of the problem is to provide an aircraft position estimate with a high level of accuracy and integrity. This position is often provided by GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and sometimes it is hybridize with inertia. The current aircraft position estimate accuracy is about dozen meters and the integrity is characterized by a protection level about hundred meters at 10-7/h. This current accuracy and integrity are not sufficient no navigate safely on the airport surface in low visibility conditions. A submetric accuracy with a high integrity level is required (see chapter II), particularly at the gate to park the aircraft. First of all, needs to navigate safely on the airport surface have been analyzed to be able to derive requirements about navigation system. It is important to note that a good knowledge of the context (airport environment) is required to develop an appropriate application. After this analysis of needs and context, a solution has been developed in this thesis. The proposed solution has been validated by simulation
Bonnet, Jean-Paul. "Commande multivariable et robustesse : application en aéronautique." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112303.
Full textSautreuil, Matthieu. "La Robustesse : Une nouvelle approche pour l'intégration des systèmes de génération aéronautique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431340.
Full textUninski, Hélène. "Une ingénierie participative des exigences pour les systèmes interactifs complexes en aéronautique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30321/document.
Full textRequirements Engineering plays a crucial role in coordinating the different stakeholders needed for safe aeronautics systems engineering. The notion of requirement is a key concept in system definition and represents the cornerstone of communication among stakeholders: customer, user, systems engineers, suppliers. The certification process in critical systems requires traceability documents as a means of demonstrating safety, showing links between the several artifacts (high-level requirements, refined requirements, components and interfaces). We conducted a qualitative study, using interviews and mockups, with fifteen industrial practitioners from four aeronautics companies, to investigate which tasks are actually performed by requirements engineers and how current tools support these tasks. We found that RE-specific tools constrain engineers to a rigid workflow, which conflicts with the adaptive exploration of the problem. Engineers often start by using general-purpose tools to foster exploration and collaborative work with suppliers, at the expense of traceability. When engineers shift to requirements refinement and verification, they must use RE-specific tools to grant traceability. But the lack of tool usability yields significant time loss and dissatisfaction. Based on observed RE practices, we devise a situated vision of Requirements Engineering, rendering its role in between the operational context and the engineering context of the system. Based on scenarios and prototypes, we formulate usability insights for RE-specific tools. In particular, we propose interactive coordinated visualizations of structured text, allowing engineers to decorelate rigor from rigidity throughout the RE process, by providing flexibility during the process while gradually tackling approximation to the end of the process. The requirements engineer takes advantage of structured visualizations of requirements, from which he can communicate with stakeholders, search for text, get the progress status of requirements, detect and fill missing information thanks to interactive navigation and filtering. Beyond interactive tools supporting a situated vision of RE, we propose a new approach to RE: participatory requirements engineering (PRE). Its purpose is the production of mature requirements specifying in the future system the coverage of unforeseen situations in the current system, yet managed by users. The approach is based on the combined use of participatory design techniques to involve the users, with a continuous effort of abstraction and requirements statement to inform the system definition. We apply the approach on four projects in aeronautics: collaboration and air traffic control, cockpit of an electric training aircraft, analysis of accident report and new flight instrument. We present the engineering artifacts resulting from the application of the approach in order to evaluate its benefits
Claudepierre, Ludovic. "Simulateur électromagnétique d'erreur VOR par méthodes déterministes : Application aux parcs éoliens." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15090/1/LCLAUDEPIERRE.pdf.
Full textSagaspe, Laurent. "Allocation sûre dans les systèmes aéronautiques : modélisation, vérification et génération." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13707/document.
Full textAbstract
Sebbani, Mohammed. "Contrôle actif des couplages aéroacoustiques à l'aide de systèmes autoadaptatif." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1991. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1406_msebbani.pdf.
Full textBourlart, Rémi. "Optimisation aéraulique, thermique et acoustique des systèmes aéronautiques de distribution d’air basse pression : amélioration du confort des passagers et réduction d’encombrement." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2053.
Full textTrautmann, Caroline. "Prévisions à long terme de la demande d' avions : modélisation économétrique et dynamique des systèmes." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10078.
Full textThe aeronautical world is a complex system, where temporal phenomena, anticipation and feedback contribute to the dynamic behaviour of the analysed system. Hence, the purpose of this dissertation is to build a long term forecasting tool for the aircraft demand. We will first analyse the historical behaviour of the actors who are leading the aeronautical transport system. A first forecasting tool based on the system dynamics methodology will be presented. This method wil enable users to highlight interaction and anticipation phenomena and to reproduce the order and delivery cycles which have taken place in the past. A second forecasting tool is suggested through the realisation of an econometric model utilising the simultaneous equations system. This tool will enable an enhancement of the system dynamic model using more efficient validity tests. For each of these proposed tools, sensitivity and scenario analysis will be performed (standard and economic growth scenarios)
Milleret, Cédric. "Convertisseurs d'électronique de puissance et systèmes numériques en aéronautique : application au radar météo." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00379410.
Full textLes normes aéronautiques imposent que tous les dispositifs utilisés dans un avion répondent à des contraintes sévères quant à leur fiabilité et leur sécurité de fonctionnement. Dans le cas précis des convertisseurs statiques qui pilotent les actionneurs, on est confronté aux normes de fonctionnement des réseaux électriques, aux normes C.E.M., aux normes environnementales (au sens du contexte du dispositif), et aux normes liés aux systèmes de contrôle.
Le marché de l'aéronautique, bien que très spécifique, est très concurrentiel au niveau mondial. Les multiples objectifs de matériels très performants, très fiables, très sûrs, mais les moins chers possibles sont donc de véritables problématiques.
Dans le cadre des convertisseurs statiques, un moyen pour réduire les coûts est l'utilisation de DSP (Digital Signal Processors) pour maximiser l'intégration de la commande et pour réduire les coûts, mais ce composant n'est pas conçu pour le milieu aéronautique.
L'ensemble de cette étude porte sur la conception d'un nouveau type de radar marqué par plusieurs ruptures technologiques. Le prototype réalisé comporte un convertisseur statique piloté par un DSP, mais ayant des fonctionnalités qui vont largement au-delà du convertisseur basique d'électronique de puissance. L'aspect « système » est largement pris en compte. Le convertisseur mis en oeuvre est un dispositif autonome de pilotage de moteurs.
Chater, Meriem. "L'évaluation contextualisée et sa documentation vers un outil de conception centrée sur l'homme : application au domaine aéronautique." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10024.
Full textEnée, Gilles. "Systèmes de Classeurs et Communication dans les Systèmes Multi-Agents." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00192372.
Full textNous avons choisi de travailler avec des systèmes de classeurs à algorithme génétique pour représenter les agents. Nous avons introduit un nouveau type de système de classeurs à base de connaissance de taille fixe, les systèmes de classeurs de type Pittsburgh simplifié, dont nous avons étudié les propriétés dans un contexte multi-agents de coordination spontanée.
Nous avons ensuite proposé avec succès aux agents "homogènes" de communiquer pour échanger leur "connaissance" à l'aide de l'élitisme distribué.
Enfin, les agents "hétérogènes" ont échangé efficacement des informations grâce à un modèle minimal de communication que nous avons ancré dans la réalité puis étendu.
Morand, Sébastien. "Étude des effets des neutrons atmosphériques sur les nouveaux systèmes de puissance embarqués en aéronautique." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2591/.
Full textThe natural radiation environment is a source of catastrophic failures for power electronic components. The phenomenon of single event failure, related to the neutron and proton environment in atmosphere, is taken into account in aeronautics mission profile. New technologies are becoming available and new applications are being designed which needs to adapt our existing methodologies and tools. Expected new power electronic developments are taken benefit from high temperature capabilities of new power electronics which shall lead to coupled effect from temperature on radiation sensitivity. Multiple axis of improvement are described in this work. First of all, a detailed methodology to assess the radiation sensitivity is proposed with specific parameters related to power electronic applications. New test protocols are also proposed to study non-destructively power electronic components and to evaluate wide band gap power devices sensitivity. The development of these protocols is based mainly on the use of laser facilities, TCAD simulations tools and test campaign at particle accelerator facilities. The use of such methodology and protocols benefits to the assessment of the radiation failure rate which is described for aircraft mission profile
Chauvin, Rémi. "Un modèle unifié pour les phénomènes de givrage en aéronautique et les systèmes de protection thermiques." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0036/document.
Full textIcing has been identified as a serious issue since the start of aeronautics. Ice accretion onwings, due to supercooled droplets inside clouds, leads to severe degradation of aerodynamicperformances, among other undesirable effects. Therefore, aircraft manufacturers have sincea long time developed ice protection systems. As flight tests or wind tunnel experimentsare often complicated to implement and expensive, numerical modeling is an effective andcomplementary tool to design those systems. This thesis concerns the modeling of ice accretion, runback and thermal ice protectionsystems. It consists of seven chapters. The first one is dedicated to the presentation of theconcerns and the context. Then a three layer approach allowing to model in an unsteadyway ice accretion and runback is presented. Following three chapters deal with this modeldiscretization as well as a method to couple it with a thermal ice protection system model.Two last chapters are dedicated to numerical simulations showing the sake of the approachand the feasibility of a whole simulation of ice accretion on a heated or unheated surface
Er-Rafai, Mohamed Mouhieddine. "Télécommande asservie robotisée d'hélicoptère." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112206.
Full textDuvillard-Monternier, Solange. "Analyse du socle de compétences d’un nouveau métier : le cas des Opérateurs de Systèmes de Drones (OSD)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3100.
Full textThe development of this new technology causes the creation of RPA operator's jobs and the mergence of new and specific abilities. The main objective of the thesis is thus to allow a selection to be proposed. We ran job analysis 1) to identify the optimal profile for success with twice job analysis's methods, 2 ) to assess the real profile of the current RPA operators, 3) to compare the RPA operators profile with a profile of a cadet population, and then 4) we proposed directions for future researches and perspectives needed for RPA operators. Our explorational approach had be adapted using ground material data collected in the unique MALE RPA's squadron of French Air France. We adapted the Fleishman Job Analysis Survey and then we defined the optimal profile in terms of crucial and main abilities. The real profile in terms of crucial abilities was assessed with visuospatial tests and personality inventory. Results showed that the optimal profile required high level of attentional resources's abilitities in the visuospatial field, and also in interactive-social sdomain. From a scientific perspective, this thesis focuses on the specificities of new jobs for which they are few studies towards the qualitative requirements for recruitment and training, both in the civilian and the military domain. Il will offer a better understanding of the skills required to perform the tasks of RPAs operator, and the methodology we used, could be applied on other job's in aeronautics. By exemple, fighter and airlift pilots could be the next studied populations
Arnoux, Frédéric. "Modéliser et organiser la conception innovante : le cas de l’innovation radicale dans les systèmes d'énergie aéronautiques." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0005/document.
Full textThe purpose of the thesis is to study the implementation of radical innovation capabilities within established firms. The work is based on the longitudinal in-depth study of the innovative design processes of an aircraft manufacturer: Turbomeca. While previous research works have recognized that preparing for the future requires distinctive capabilities for radical innovation, the processes of integration of these capabilities still lacks an empirically grounded understanding. Building on recent research works on the management of innovative design processes, our study aims at modeling the innovative design activities that have to be organized to integrate radical innovation capabilities within established firms. Three research questions are investigated: how can radical innovation situations be characterized? How organizational transitions can be managed to integrate radical innovation capabilities? What are the organizational settings that may sustain these radical innovation capabilities over time? Drawing on an analytical framework to study radical innovation capabilities that relates Design (D), Incubation (I) and Mutation (M) of the ecosystem, three main results are presented:1/ the genealogy of Turbomeca design capabilities;2/ the concept of design organizational transition to characterize the integration process of radical innovation capabilities based on collaborative innovative design methods;3/ a generic model of six types of activities to operationalize radical innovation capabilities within established firms and organize design-oriented organizations (D2O)
Verries, Jean. "Approche pour la conception de systèmes aéronautiques innovants en vue d'optimiser l'architecture : application au systèmes portes passagers." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/805/.
Full textThis thesis lies at the crossroads of systems engineering and model-driven engineering. A set of requirements engineering and architectural design processes have been defined. We adapted MDA approach concepts to derive design and validation methods and define an information model. This information model has been implemented as a SysML profile, and allow formal verification of methodological rules and system properties. VHDL-AMS models have been used as a complementary mean for system validation purpose. A metamodel-based transformation between SysML model and VHDL-AMS has been defined and implemented
Dieng, Mouhamadou. "Etude de systèmes d’auto-adaptation pour les systèmes de Communication en Champ Proche dits NFC (Near Field Communication)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20010/document.
Full textNear Field Communication (NFC) is a standardized communication technology derived from Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). NFC uses magnetic induction between two antennas in order to transfer data and/or energy between two electronic devices. NFC operating frequency is 13.56 MHz.Due to the wide range of devices and applications, a predefinition of antenna geometry and corresponding electrical parameters is difficult. In fact, each device shows different antennaphysical characteristics ; On the Other hand, the NFC control integrated circuit (IC) is generic and does not depend on antenna nor a device. Therefore, each integrator associates the NFC IC with a specific antenna for each device. Current NFC transmission modules require the antenna circuitry to be matched with the integrated circuit. Nowadays, the matching is performed manually using a time consuming iterative procedure for each device. Moreover, the matchingcan be done only once at the device design level, regardless of the communication mode (reader, card or peer-to-peer) and regardless of the secondary device influence on the primary antenna characteristics.In this manuscript, we propose a detailed description of the electrical performances of NFC Systems. Then an accurate and complete analytical electrical model of NFC antennas is proposed.Finally, we develop a new technic of automatic adaptation of the matching network in order to optimize the electrical performances in the transmission phase in terms of energy transfer from the reader to the transponder
Ariaudo, Myriam. "Dirty RF pour les Systèmes de Communication." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555445.
Full textRoca, Vincent. "Architecture hautes performances pour systèmes de communication." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005013.
Full textHamza, Noomen. "Outil de communication pour les systèmes multiagents." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0033/MQ67280.pdf.
Full textBen, Jemaa Inès. "Communication multicast pour les systèmes véhiculaires coopératifs." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0065/document.
Full textVehicular communications allow emerging new multicast applications such as fleet management and point of interest (POI). Both applications require Internet-to-vehicle multicasting. These approaches could not be applied to vehicular networks (VANET) due to their dynamic and distributed nature. In order to enable such multicasting, our work deals with two aspects. First, reachability of the moving vehicles to the multicast service and second, multicast message dissemination in VANET. We introduce first a self-configuring multicast addressing scheme that allows the vehicles to auto-configure a dynamic multicast address without a need to exchange signalling messages with the Internet. Second, we propose a simplified approach that extends Mobile IP and Proxy Mobile IP. This approach aims at optimizing message exchange between vehicles and entities responsible for managing their mobility in Internet. To study the dissemination mechanisms that are suitable for fleet management applications, we propose to revisit traditional multicast routing techniques that rely on a tree structure. For this purpose, we study their application to vehicular networks. In particular, as vehicular networks are known to have changing topology, we present a theoretical study of the link lifetime between vehicles in urban environments. Then, using simulations, we study the application of Multicast Adhoc On Demand Vector, MAODV. We propose then Motion-MAODV, an improved version of MAODV that aims at enhancing routes built by MAODV in vehicular networks and guarantee longer route lifetime. Finally, to enable geographic dissemination as required by POI applications, we propose a routing protocol Melody that provides a geocast dissemination in urban environments. Through simulations, Melody ensures more reliable and efficient packet delivery to a given geographic area compared to traditional geo-brodcasting schemes in highly dense scenarios
Boudot, Mickael. "Elaboration et caractérisation d'un vernis antireflet sol-gel innovant pour application dans les systèmes d'écrans embarqués en aéronautique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066387/document.
Full textLow refractive index hydrophobic antireflective coatings were synthetized as mesoporous nanometric thin silica films by use of sol gel chemistry coupled with the dip coating process on thermo sensitive polymeric substrates such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and cellulose triacetate (TAC). Thin films of pure and hybrid silica were stiffened by ammonia vapor treatment (AVT) at room temperature. Optical, mechanical and chemical stability of those coatings were optimized and the AVT-induced mechanisms of structuration depending on the chemical composition of silica films were proposed after the study of the influence of the ammonia treatment conditions and duration. Alcohol-assisted water vapor condensation and stabilization in hydrophobic mesoporous silica thin films were displayed at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Study of the influence of surface chemistry and pore size, as well as partial vapor pressure of water and alcoholic co-adsorbant, and chemical nature of the alcohol allowed us to determine the mechanisms of water adsorption and confinement in hydrophobic nano-cavities. Water diffusion into millimetric scaled silica xerogel monoliths was reported using in situ environmental ellipsometry for the first time. Other subject as different as the production of graded functional films, fabrication of inorganic thin films based humidity sensitive actuators, synthesis of BaTiO3 mesostructured thin films and shaping of 3D quartz films are also discussed
Barbot, Jean-Pierre. "Méthodes de calcul appliquées aux systèmes non linéaires sous échantillonnage." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112113.
Full textYehia, Mohamad Hassan. "Module de communication systèmes de contrôle pneumatiques-électroniques." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2003. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/780/1/YEHIA_Mohamed_Hassan.pdf.
Full textScheer, Marcel. "Acteurs, systèmes, communication dans l'oeuvre de Jurgen Habermas." Paris, EHESS, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EHES0030.
Full textAs some paradigms in contemporary sociological theory are showing more and more symptoms of exhaustion, it is of very importance to explore new projects of new conceptual frames on the interparadigmatic level i. E. On the level of fundamental categories. The communication theory proposed by jurgen habermas is such a project and we have tried to situate it in the theoretical context of some traditions that had prepared the concept of "intersubjectivity", a fundamental and constitutive category of commonly shared world ("lebenswelt") assumption of which, by the collectif actors as well as individual actors, leads to general structures of culture, society and personality. If this structures are reformulated in terms of communicative praxis in ordinary language, and grounded in a formal-pragmatic reconstruction (inspirated by autors such as wiitgenstein and austin, heidegger and gadamer) the reproduction of social life worlds is operated actual action situation that is to transform in a coordinated way. In this praxis we may speak of communicative rationality : reasonable conditions and openess to dianoetic appraisal. Current sociological concepts of action have different implications of rationality and are reconstructable in terms of communicative speech act mediated use of natural language. On the analytical level, the distinction of the systemic order from the social order, the performatif actor perspective and the objective system perspective, can be operated in order to consider the complex dynamics of the economic subsystem, regulated by money, the administratif subsystem regulated by power; media growing self-supported regarding to their institutional anchorage in the society-structure of life world. If this language free medias are substituted to speech-acts in the life-world, they can provoque a deformation of intersubjectivity and social conflicts
Lehée, Guillaume. "Capteur de pression résonant à nanojauges pour application aéronautique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS020/document.
Full textThe market of pressure sensors for aeronautics is mature but still strongly growing, defined by a strong added value and a large innovation need. Bringing pressure sensors closer to hot parts of the plane, requires, for example, to re-consider the sensor architecture, including the sensitive element.In order to comply with these requirements, we have developed a resonant pressure sensor with motion detection by Si piezoresistive nanowires. A simplified version of the resonator without these nanogauges has been modelled, fabricated and characterized to confirm its good operation. In parallel, electro-thermo-mechanical and noise characteristics of nanogauges coupled to M&NEMS resonators arising from previous works have been studied. We have notably demonstrated that the damped-spring behavior of an harmonically longitudinally stressed nanowire at low frequency could govern the MEMS resonator response, despite its tiny dimensions. Moreover, we have shown for the first time that the resonator response could be tuned “in situ” owing to the piezoresistive back action phenomenon only by acting on the nanowire biasing.Eventually, the theoretical performances of the resonant pressure sensor have been estimated from experimental data on different kind of M&NEMS resonator. These theoretical performances satisfy the sensor specifications; nevertheless they need to be confirmed experimentally
Di, Cioccio Alexandre. "Articuler sécurité et performance : les décisions d'arbitrage dans le risque en aéronautique." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CNAM0784/document.
Full textThis research is in the field of reliability of complex socio-technical systems and aims to develop a new approach to allow trade-offs between performance and safety: engineering resilience. The ability of systems to cope with disturbances ultimately depends on the operators of these systems. They must make trade-offs between criteria that may conflict: immediate economic criteria (i.e. to ensure business performance), safety criteria (i.e. give up to meet the immediate production objective). The thesis focuses on the activity of an airline’s operators, in charge of assistance via telephone for aircrew who report a technical complaint. It can be treated immediately; is it benign, or conversely should it lead to the cancellation of the flight?The thesis assumes that in an ultra-safe and ultra rule-based system, conflicts between safety and performance occur when the "rule-based safety" conflicts with "adaptative safety". To defend this thesis, three empirical studies have been implemented. Thus, several methods were used in combination: observation and activity analysis, simulation of activities, questionnaires and auto-confrontation.The results obtained allowed at first to objectify the trade-offs between performance and safety, then in a second instance to identify the criteria governing such trade-offs and explain the processes that underlie them.These results permit, on one hand, to propose acceptable solutions such as the feedback by comparing the practices and assimilate the “adaptative safety” as a subset of “rule-based safety”, and on the other hand to overcome our negative view of violations by treating them as a form of operators’ intelligence in action
Granger, Thierry. "Allocation des ressources avec communication limitée." Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090008.
Full textThe object of this thesis is the endogeneisation of communication systems in the economy. The first part is devoted to the measures and costs of communication. The "revelation principle" of games with complete or incomplete informations is developed critically in the second part where different classical organizations are examined communication-wise
Nguyen, Le-Duy-Lai. "Contrôle distribué multi-couche des systèmes complexes avec contraintes de communication : application aux systèmes d'irrigation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT108/document.
Full textThis thesis presents control problems of irrigation network with communication constraints and a multi-layer approach to solve these problems in a distributed manner. Detailed discussions of each layer with analytical and simulation results are described throughout several chapters. They emphasize the potential interest of the multi-layer approach, more precisely its efficiency and reliability for supervision, multi-objective optimization and distributed cooperative control of complex water transport systems. Conventionally, the first layer to be considered is the hydraulic network composed of free-surface channels, hydraulic structures and mesh subnetwork of pressurized pipes. By coupling the Saint-Venant equations for describing the physics of free-surface fluid and the Lattice Boltzmann method for the fluid simulation, a discrete-time nonlinear model is obtained for channel reaches. The hydraulic structures are usually treated as internal boundaries of reaches and modeled by algebraic relationships between the flow and pressure variables. To enable the exchange of information among the control system’s components, a communication network is considered in the second layer. Solving challenging problems of heterogeneous devices and communication issues (e.g., network delay, packet loss, energy consumption) is investigated in this thesis by introducing a hybrid network architecture and a dynamic routing design based on Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of control applications. For network routing, a weighted composition of some standard metrics is proposed so that the routing protocol using the composite metric achieves convergence, loop-freeness and path-optimality properties. Through extensive simulation scenarios, different network performance criteria are evaluated. The comparison of simulation results can validate the interest of this composition approach for dynamic routing. Finally, the third layer introduces an optimal reactive control system developed for the regulatory control of large-scale irrigation network under a Distributed Cooperative Model Predictive Control (DCMPC) framework. This part discusses the implementation of different control strategies (e.g., centralized, decentralized, and distributed strategies) and how the cooperative communication among local MPC controllers can be included to improve the performance of the overall system. Managing divergent (or outdated) information exchange among controllers is considered in this thesis as a consensus problem and solved by an asynchronous consensus protocol. This approach based on the multi-agent system paradigm to distributed control requires each controller to agree with its neighbors on some data values needed during action computation. For simulations, a particular benchmark of an irrigation channel is considered. The comparison of simulation results validate the benefits of the distributed cooperative control approach over other control strategies
Mariyasagayam, Nestor. "Communication Véhiculaires par géolocalisation pour Systèmes de Transports Intelligents." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00613174.
Full textCantillo, Juan. "Codage multi-couches pour systèmes de communication par satellites." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005209.
Full textComtet, Kouloumdjian Isabelle. "Systèmes collaboratifs et acteurs professionnels en réseau de communication." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020085.
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