Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aéronefs – Entretien et réparations'
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Sciau, Jean-Baptiste. "Optimisation des opérations et groupes d'opérations dans le cadre de la planification dynamique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025EMAC0003.
Full textMaintenance plays a significant role in the running of an aircraft operator. Its primary aim is to ensure passenger safety and a well-maintained aircraft. Aircraft maintenance takes several forms: corrective (repairing the system after a failure), systematic preventive (following a pre-established maintenance program), and increasingly conditional preventive (consisting of observing the state of health of a system and intervening when a condition is triggered). Maintenance accounts for between 10% and 20% of an operator's budget, and mismanaged maintenance can lead to flight delays or cancellations and heavy financial losses. In this context, accurate and reliable planning is essential to prevent failures as far as possible and limit the costs of safe maintenance. This thesis focuses on line maintenance, managing short and medium-term task deadlines (from one week to several months). This type of maintenance management consists of spreading periodic inspection tasks over the slots between two flights while the aircraft is on the ground, thus avoiding the need to ground the aircraft for several hours to perform these tasks all at once. As a result, the aircraft's airworthiness is enhanced. However, the feasibility of planning is paramount to avoid disrupting flight schedules by ensuring that the necessary time and resources are available to complete the tasks. Scheduling can be complex and time-consuming for a human, and exploring all scheduling options makes optimizing difficult. Therefore, a scheduling assistant can help operators quickly simulate optimized maintenance scenarios. This thesis formalizes the line maintenance optimization problem as an extended Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) with additional maintenance-related constraints and considers multi-skilled resources. The multi-objective optimization of this problem is managed by a lexicographic ordering of the industrial priorities. The study of exact solution methods is proposed through a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model and a Constraint Programming (CP) model. A comparative study justifies the choice of CP to solve this industrial problem. A search strategy inspired by business knowledge is used to return a first reproducible solution within a solving time acceptable to an expert. A practical use case on real maintenance data highlights the advantages of the proposed approach by comparing it with a heuristic industrial approach. Finally, decomposition methods are under investigation in the hope of solving large instances. Column generation (CG) models are proposed for application to different types of RCPSP to study their resolution quality. These preliminary studies outline the future work needed to model the industrial problem using these advanced solving methods
Radji, Gérard. "Le dommage survenu dans l'année suivant la réception des travaux : Contribution à l'étude de la responsabilité des vendeurs et des constructeurs." Paris12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA122003.
Full textYahoui, Hamed. "Contribution à la surveillance et au diagnostic des machines électriques." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10179.
Full textNakhla, Mohamed. "Déterminismes cachés et mécanismes de choix dans le système politico-administratif local : cas de la programmation des routes départementales." Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0170.
Full textGigot, Sébastien. "Contribution à la conception d’une base de données de maintenabilité opérationnelle dynamique : Proposition de prise en compte des facteurs pénalisants dans l’estimation du MTTR [Mean Time To Repair]." Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENISE021.
Full textThis thesis is intended to describe a methodology for assessment of the risk of not satisfying the requirements of maintainability for industrial equipment complex in operation. It allows you to better understand the problematic of the overrun of the duration of repair linked to the activities of operational serviceability. Few of the studies are at the present time, devoted to this topic made complex by the multitude of different activities and a level of requirement always growing. The requirements of maintainability and availability appear more and more. Our proposal focuses on the evaluation of the criteria of maintainability criticisms involved in a process of maintainability in order to optimize the sequence of actions since the fault up to the rehabilitation service. The analysis of these inhibiting factors led us to develop a model for estimating of the MTTR to minimize the delta of derivatives linked to the overrun of the repair time. The results illustrated by specific examples allow to assess the maintainability of the system in relation to the objectives set and to propose, if necessary, actions to decrease of risks to optimize the system unavailability. This work is interested in the development of an approach to the modeling of complex systems for the assessment of maintenance strategies. Its culmination is a tool to help in the decision to build and meet the maintenance programs by performing the choice best suited. Our works have focused on the operational maintainability and on the importance of the estimation of repair times taking into account the context in which evolved the system in order to identify the events penally. These works have stressed the importance to be given to the methodology of treatment of a failure, by proposing to reconsider the concept of maintainability operational in order to better control the uncertainties related to the excedance of repair times
Gardelle, Vincent. "Mécanique des assemblages et renforts collés en construction bois." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13073.
Full textBouillaut, Laurent. "Approches cyclostationnaire et non linéaire pour l'analyse vibratoire de machines tournantes : aspects théoriques et applications au diagnostic." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1296.
Full textKhemmoudj, Mohand Ou Idir. "Modélisation et résolution de systèmes de contraintes : application au problème de placement des arrêts et de la production des réacteurs nucléaires d'EDF." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA132010.
Full textChampy-Remoussenard, Patricia. "L'analyse à caractère sociologique des situations de travail et ses utilisations potentielles en formation professionnelle : le cas de la fonction Entretien Routier au Ministère de l'Equipement." Nancy 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN21029.
Full textThis research has been commissioned by an interregional professional training body of the French ministry of equipment. This analysis, sociological in nature, of the working situations relative to the function of road maintenance, was instigated in order to define training objectives better adapted to the real nature of the function. The emphasis is placed upon the analysis of mutations which affect this function and his context, and also on the surreptitious dimensions of working situations as well as on the stakes and risks of their disclosure. This work equally endeavours to devise forms of translation form the research into educational terms by the practicing educationalists. It also explores the relationship between the pedagogical objectives and the finalities of training. It characterises the strategic role of the training of the internal instructors and the forms of acquisition of knowledge in a working situation. The conception of the analysis of work implemented, occasioned an analysis of the commission. Furthermore, the immersion for two years into the commissioning organisation had led the researcher to question her modes of involvement from an ethnological approach
Kesteloot, Stephan. "Réhabilitation des ouvrages d'assainissement par matériaux composites : étude expérimentale et dimensionnement par calculs numériques." Artois, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ARTO0202.
Full textThe sewerage systems represent a significant inheritance of works. In France, 10% of the linear total is considered by the building owners like requiring work of reorganization. After having listed the causes and consequences of existing pathologies in the field of the drainage systems of the type man-entry, the current techniques of rehabilitation will be detailed. These techniques are applied to the totality of the periphery of the work generating a high cost of rehabilitation. So it is proposed to transpose the techniques of repair and reinforcement by joining of composite dishes containing carbon fibre (CFRP) to the sewerage systems of the type worth visiting. In the second part of our work, a vast experimental study on materials is undertaken. This study makes it possible to validate the use of the CFRP in environment saturated with water concerning the field with the cleansing. These tests highlighted the utility of a its environment and safety coefficient adapted to the moisture of the facings. Within sight of the results of the tests, a coefficient of about 1,40 must be taken into account during the application of the process on wet facing. Tests, on scale 1, are then carried out on ovoid reinforced concrete T180 not reinforced, to determine their mechanism of ruin. Then, basing itself on the results of modelling in non-linear elasticity by finite elements realized using software URUS, of the tests are carried out on the ovoid ones reinforced by CFRP continuously out of keystone of the ovoid ones. Within sight of the results and to limit the costs of reinforcement, the number of dishes stuck is fallen by carrying out numerical calculations into three dimensions (3d). A reduction of 1/3 of the reinforcements is then possible, with a provision of the plates with spacing. This provision of the composite dishes is then validated by tests on scale 1. To check the application of the process in-situ, of the tests of joining were carried out on a work damaged in service
Malki, Zouheir. "Contributions au développement de politiques de remplacement préventif pour des sytèmes multi-composants." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27754.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to develop preventive replacement policies for multi-component systems. Systems are composed of several components connected under a known configuration and subject to random failures. Each replacement policy defines the actions to be taken according to the state of the system or its components and it is intended to delay the occurrence of failures and extend the lifetime of the system. From the theoretical point of view, the extension of replacement models from single-component systems to multi-component systems is not obvious. The difficulty is due primarily to the interaction or dependence between the different components of the system. In this thesis the focus has been put on the stochastic and economic dependencies between components. For stochastic dependence the propagation of the failure is modeled by the domino effect for a two-component parallel system, and two age replacement policies are investigated. In the first policy, we assumed that the cost structure is constant whereas in the second policy a variable cost structure is assumed. We proposed also a bi-objective replacement model that optimizes both expected replacement cost rate and system availability. For economic dependence, we proposed a failure counting replacement policy for a parallel system and we integrated it in a redundancy allocation model for a serie-parallel system. The mathematical model has been built taking account of this policy and Simulated Annealing algorithm has been used as resolution approach.
Thomassin, Mailhot Mathieu. "Propriétés mécaniques et comportement des réparations structurales en béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27044/27044.pdf.
Full textBelaud, Gilles. "Modélisation des processus de sédimentation en canal d'irrigation : application à la gestion et la conception des réseaux." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10025.
Full textMorency, Maxim. "Cracking sensitivity of cementitious repair materials : assessments and development of test methods." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24592.
Full textThe premature deterioration of concrete repairs in service is a result of a variety of physico-chemical and electrochemical processes. Among the most serious causes of repair failures is cracking of the repair. Cracking may result in the reduction of an effective cross-sectional area of the repaired structure and increase the effective permeability of the concrete cover, thus promoting corrosion of the reinforcement and further deterioration. The main objective of this project was to contribute to the development and assessment of a reliable test method for evaluating the sensitivity to cracking of repair materials. A performance test was developed and used to establish correlations with existing indirect test methods (ring test, beam deflexion test, drying shrinkage test, etc.). The performance test method uses of a reference slab containing a cavity on the top surface to be filled with the repair material to be tested. The reference test slab, which offers a degree of restraint comparable to what is found in reality, allows simulating the behavior of the material in real concrete repair conditions. In order to better evaluate the test methods, experimental repairs have also been made on existing structures exposed to service conditions.
Mosser, André Michel. "Outil d'aide à la gestion des interventions sur les barrages en béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21730/21730.pdf.
Full textHydro-Québec is amongst Canada’s largest hydroelectric companies. It is responsible for maintaining an acceptable level of performance of many concrete dams. In order to do so efficiently, from cost and durability standpoints, the different stages of the condition survey required in the evaluation of the structure must be homogeneized and integrated in a tool capable of assisting the engineer in his choices. These stages are the diagnosis of the causes of concrete distresses, the evaluation of the need of repair or maintenance actions and the selection of the appropriate materials and repair procedures. This document describes the methodologies developed and later incorporated in a computer program, which is able to guide the engineer in a systematic and rational way.
Chatain, Jean-Noël. "Maintenance corrective par système expert : application au métro de Lyon." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10159.
Full textTazi, Dounia. "Externalisation de la maintenance et ses impacts sur la sécurité dans les industries de procédés." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7792/1/tazi.pdf.
Full textAntoine, Jean-Luc. "Diagnostic en entretien routier : le système-expert coopérant ERASME." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05SA18.
Full textBen, Zakour Asma. "Extraction des utilisations typiques à partir de données hétérogènes en vue d'optimiser la maintenance d'une flotte de véhicules." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14539/document.
Full textThe present work is part of an industrial project driven by 2MoRO Solutions company.It aims to develop a high value service enabling aircraft operators to optimize their maintenance actions.Given the large amount of data available around aircraft exploitation, we aim to analyse the historical events recorded with each aircraft in order to extract maintenance forecasting. Theresults are used to integrate and consolidate maintenance tasks in order to minimize aircraft downtime and risk of failure. The proposed method involves three steps : (i) streamlining information in order to combinethem, (ii) organizing this data for easy analysis and (iii) an extraction step of useful knowledgein the form of interesting sequences. [...]
Benzerzour, Mahfoud. "Étude expérimentale et numérique du renforcement des tabliers de ponts en béton armé par des rechargements adhérents." Artois, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ARTO0208.
Full textThe work developed in this report is part of research programme of the University of Sherbrooke, the purpose of which is to make technical recommendations for the durable repair of slabs of bridge deck. Following a bibliographical synthesis, we led a study in laboratory to analyze the structural behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs repaired using an adherent overlaying. The experimentation rested on a pilot slab and four slabs overlay according to different configurations (thickness of concrete, reinforcemen steel, anchorings). These slabs underwent several cycles of static and cyclic loading in pure bending in order to follow their behaviors in time. The experimental results made it possible to appreciate the good performance of three of the four configurations on the debonding of repair and the structural behavior of the slabs. To consolidate the noted were used two computer codes by finite elements (MSC. , MARC/MENTAT, ABAQUS 6. 4. 1) for, on the one hand, reproducing and to validate structural slabs repaired and for, on the other hand, analysing comprise it the constraints generated on the interface support-overlaying. The whole of the work realised within the framework of this thesis makes it possible to propose new techniques of repair of slabs of reinforced concrete bridge decks
Fortin, Jean-Sébastien. "Optimisation des investissements sur les ponts par la méthode coûts-avantages : valorisation des revenus et du modèle de détérioration." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28153.
Full textThis study extends the existing literature on Bridge Management Systems (BMS) by developing a decision-making program to optimize bridge rehabilitations. This decision-making tool analyses the net present value to consider the optimal moment to repair a bridge. It highlights wealth creation by the maintenance of an efficient road network. Moreover, it allows the study of uncertainty on several parameters, such as financial values of inflation and interest rates as well as the evolution of traffic flow. The ability of the decision-making tool to verify the impact of several variables and the deterioration model currently used by the ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports is compared to two other models; a Markovian model and a stochastic model developed under this study. This project breaks new ground by considering the revenue generated by the bridge’s efficiency. It also considers uncertainty on several parameters, such as financial values of inflation and interest rate, and the evolution of traffic flow. Considering the recent establishment of the management system used by the ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports, this study is based on several assumptions. The life span of the bridge is limited to 100 years, degradation and repairs can only be done every 5 years, a single repair can be made over the bridge lifespan and the bridge condition is represented by only a few bridge components (elements). The study highlights the importance of considering variability on the deterioration of an element/bridge, interest rates and, to a lesser extent, inflation based on the ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports data and using a probabilistic analysis of 20,000 simulations. Thus, when the bridge is only represented by its reinforced concrete deck and using the deterministic deterioration approach, a repair between 25 and 30 years is appropriate. A rather low interest rate can even push this choice to 35 years. This choice is very broad with the Markovian approach considering the high probabilities of keeping the bridge in good condition. Finally, the stochastic approach favors repair between 20 and 35 years depending on the speed of deterioration. This choice may again change slightly with the addition of both a variable interest rate and a variable inflation rate. When a reinforced concrete deck and steel beams are considered to represent the entire bridge, the deterministic approach suggests a 25-year repair for the reinforced concrete deck and a 30-year repair for the steel beams. Stochastic financial parameters can affect this choice, making an optimal repair of 25 to 35 years possible for both elements. The optimal moments of repair are very spread out for the Markovian approach considering the high probabilities of maintaining the elements in good condition. Finally, the stochastic approach proposes a repair between 20 and 35 years for the reinforced concrete deck and between 15 and 40 years for the steel beams. These repairs are slightly affected by the addition of a variable interest rate and inflation rate as well. An in-depth analysis shows the impact that several parameters have on the model considered. These parameters include: the transition matrix, the state penalty, the variability of the matrix for stochastic deterioration, and the addition of a simultaneous repair advantage. A change in the transition matrix mainly has an impact on the volatility of the results, whereas a modification on the state penalty shifts the optimal repair time distribution for Markovian and stochastic deteriorations. The variability of the matrix for stochastic deterioration directly affects the volatility of the optimal repair time. For example, the lower the percentage of variation of the matrix, the more the optimal repair moments will be concentrated (or fixed). Finally, the implementation of a simultaneous repair benefit mainly has an impact when the optimal repair time is within 10 years of a simultaneous repair. For a deterministic deterioration, a reduction in costs of 3.72% is sufficient to reconcile repair dates to 30 years, the bridge being repair at 25 years without this benefit. However, this advantage has little impact on Markovian deterioration due to the wide distribution of optimal repair times but a considerable impact on stochastic deterioration, with the majority of repairs occurring within a range of 15 to 40 years.
Cette étude a pour but de contribuer à l’avancement des connaissances dans le domaine des systèmes de gestion de ponts (Bridge Management System (BMS)) par le développement d’un outil décisionnel pour optimiser les réparations sur les ponts. Cet outil décisionnel se base sur la valeur actualisée nette pour considérer le moment optimal de réparation. Il met ainsi à l’avant-plan la création de richesse permise par un réseau routier efficace. De plus, il permet d’étudier l’incertitude sur plusieurs variables, soit les valeurs financières d’inflation et d’actualisation, ainsi que l’évolution du débit routier. La flexibilité de l’outil décisionnel permet de vérifier l’impact de plusieurs variables. Ainsi, le modèle de détérioration présentement utilisée par le ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports du Québec est comparé à deux autres modèles, soit un modèle markovien basé sur la théorie des chaînes de Markov et un modèle stochastique développé dans le cadre de cette étude. Le projet innove en considérant les revenus générés par un pont et l’incertitude sur les variables futures de détérioration d’éléments de ponts, d’inflation et d’actualisation, ainsi que celles relatives à l’évolution du débit routier. Considérant la récente implantation du système de gestion du ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports, cette étude se base sur plusieurs hypothèses. Pour cette étude, la durée de vie maximale du pont est établie à 100 ans, la dégradation et la réparation d’un ouvrage est analysée aux 5 ans et une seule réparation majeure peut être effectuée sur la durée de vie. De plus, cette réparation permet de remettre le pont dans son état initial (neuf) et la détérioration de quelques éléments principaux (la dalle en béton armé et les poutres d’acier) du pont représente la détérioration globale de la structure. En se basant sur les données du ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports et à l’aide d’une analyse probabiliste de 20 000 simulations, l’étude met en évidence l’importance de considérer la variabilité sur la détérioration d’un élément/pont, sur le taux d’intérêt et dans une moindre mesure, l’inflation. Ainsi, lorsque seul l’état de la dalle représente l’état global du pont et en utilisant l’approche déterministe, une réparation entre 25 et 30 ans est appropriée. Un taux d’intérêt plutôt faible peut même repousser ce choix à 35 ans. Le choix de date optimale de réparation est très étalé avec l’approche markovienne considérant les probabilités élevées de maintien du pont en bon état. Finalement, l’approche stochastique favorise une réparation entre 20 et 35 ans selon la rapidité de la détérioration. Ce choix peut encore une fois changer légèrement avec l’ajout de taux d’intérêt et d’inflation variables. Lorsque seul l’état de la dalle et des poutres est considéré représenter l’état de l’ensemble du pont, l’approche déterministe propose une réparation à 25 ans pour le dalle en béton armé et une réparation à 30 ans pour les poutres en acier. Les paramètres financiers stochastiques peuvent affecter ce choix rendant possible une réparation optimale de 25 à 35 ans pour les deux types d’éléments. Les moments optimaux de réparation sont très étalés pour l’approche markovienne considérant les probabilités élevées de maintien des éléments en bon état. Finalement, l’approche stochastique propose une réparation entre 20 et 35 ans pour le dalle en béton armé et entre 15 et 40 ans pour les poutres en acier. Ces moments de réparations sont aussi affectés légèrement par l’ajout d’un taux d’intérêt et d’inflation variables. Une analyse de sensibilité permet de considérer l’impact de plusieurs paramètres du modèle considéré, soit la matrice de transition, la pénalité d’état, la variabilité de la matrice pour une détérioration stochastique et l’ajout d’un avantage de réparation simultanée à deux éléments. Une modification de la matrice de transition a surtout un impact sur la volatilité des résultats, alors qu’une modification sur la pénalité d’état crée une translation sur la distribution du moment optimal de réparation pour une détérioration de type markovienne et stochastique. La variabilité de la matrice pour une détérioration stochastique a directement un impact sur la volatilité du moment optimal de réparation. Plus le pourcentage de variation de la matrice est faible, plus les moments optimaux de réparation seront concentrés (plage moins étendue). Finalement, s’il est considéré que la réparation simultanée de deux éléments coûte moins cher que lorsque ces deux éléments sont réparés à des dates différentes (avantage de réparation simultanée de deux éléments plutôt que deux réparations distinctes), il y alors un impact sur le moment optimal de réparation. Cet effet est principalement perceptible lorsque les dates de réparation optimales sont séparées de moins de 10 ans. Pour une détérioration déterministe, il suffit que la réparation simultanée coûte de 3,72% de moins que deux réparations distinctes pour favoriser de réparer les deux éléments simultanément à 30 ans, la dalle étant réparée à 25 ans sans avantage (réduction des coût) de réparation simultanée. Cependant, un avantage de réparation simultanée a peu d’impact sur le moment optimal de réparation lorsque la détérioration se base sur un modèle markovien en raison de la grande répartition des moments optimaux de réparation. Enfin, l’avantage de réparation simultanée a un impact considérable pour une détérioration stochastique, la majorité des réparations se produisant entre 15 et 40 ans.
Cette étude a pour but de contribuer à l’avancement des connaissances dans le domaine des systèmes de gestion de ponts (Bridge Management System (BMS)) par le développement d’un outil décisionnel pour optimiser les réparations sur les ponts. Cet outil décisionnel se base sur la valeur actualisée nette pour considérer le moment optimal de réparation. Il met ainsi à l’avant-plan la création de richesse permise par un réseau routier efficace. De plus, il permet d’étudier l’incertitude sur plusieurs variables, soit les valeurs financières d’inflation et d’actualisation, ainsi que l’évolution du débit routier. La flexibilité de l’outil décisionnel permet de vérifier l’impact de plusieurs variables. Ainsi, le modèle de détérioration présentement utilisée par le ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports du Québec est comparé à deux autres modèles, soit un modèle markovien basé sur la théorie des chaînes de Markov et un modèle stochastique développé dans le cadre de cette étude. Le projet innove en considérant les revenus générés par un pont et l’incertitude sur les variables futures de détérioration d’éléments de ponts, d’inflation et d’actualisation, ainsi que celles relatives à l’évolution du débit routier. Considérant la récente implantation du système de gestion du ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports, cette étude se base sur plusieurs hypothèses. Pour cette étude, la durée de vie maximale du pont est établie à 100 ans, la dégradation et la réparation d’un ouvrage est analysée aux 5 ans et une seule réparation majeure peut être effectuée sur la durée de vie. De plus, cette réparation permet de remettre le pont dans son état initial (neuf) et la détérioration de quelques éléments principaux (la dalle en béton armé et les poutres d’acier) du pont représente la détérioration globale de la structure. En se basant sur les données du ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports et à l’aide d’une analyse probabiliste de 20 000 simulations, l’étude met en évidence l’importance de considérer la variabilité sur la détérioration d’un élément/pont, sur le taux d’intérêt et dans une moindre mesure, l’inflation. Ainsi, lorsque seul l’état de la dalle représente l’état global du pont et en utilisant l’approche déterministe, une réparation entre 25 et 30 ans est appropriée. Un taux d’intérêt plutôt faible peut même repousser ce choix à 35 ans. Le choix de date optimale de réparation est très étalé avec l’approche markovienne considérant les probabilités élevées de maintien du pont en bon état. Finalement, l’approche stochastique favorise une réparation entre 20 et 35 ans selon la rapidité de la détérioration. Ce choix peut encore une fois changer légèrement avec l’ajout de taux d’intérêt et d’inflation variables. Lorsque seul l’état de la dalle et des poutres est considéré représenter l’état de l’ensemble du pont, l’approche déterministe propose une réparation à 25 ans pour le dalle en béton armé et une réparation à 30 ans pour les poutres en acier. Les paramètres financiers stochastiques peuvent affecter ce choix rendant possible une réparation optimale de 25 à 35 ans pour les deux types d’éléments. Les moments optimaux de réparation sont très étalés pour l’approche markovienne considérant les probabilités élevées de maintien des éléments en bon état. Finalement, l’approche stochastique propose une réparation entre 20 et 35 ans pour le dalle en béton armé et entre 15 et 40 ans pour les poutres en acier. Ces moments de réparations sont aussi affectés légèrement par l’ajout d’un taux d’intérêt et d’inflation variables. Une analyse de sensibilité permet de considérer l’impact de plusieurs paramètres du modèle considéré, soit la matrice de transition, la pénalité d’état, la variabilité de la matrice pour une détérioration stochastique et l’ajout d’un avantage de réparation simultanée à deux éléments. Une modification de la matrice de transition a surtout un impact sur la volatilité des résultats, alors qu’une modification sur la pénalité d’état crée une translation sur la distribution du moment optimal de réparation pour une détérioration de type markovienne et stochastique. La variabilité de la matrice pour une détérioration stochastique a directement un impact sur la volatilité du moment optimal de réparation. Plus le pourcentage de variation de la matrice est faible, plus les moments optimaux de réparation seront concentrés (plage moins étendue). Finalement, s’il est considéré que la réparation simultanée de deux éléments coûte moins cher que lorsque ces deux éléments sont réparés à des dates différentes (avantage de réparation simultanée de deux éléments plutôt que deux réparations distinctes), il y alors un impact sur le moment optimal de réparation. Cet effet est principalement perceptible lorsque les dates de réparation optimales sont séparées de moins de 10 ans. Pour une détérioration déterministe, il suffit que la réparation simultanée coûte de 3,72% de moins que deux réparations distinctes pour favoriser de réparer les deux éléments simultanément à 30 ans, la dalle étant réparée à 25 ans sans avantage (réduction des coût) de réparation simultanée. Cependant, un avantage de réparation simultanée a peu d’impact sur le moment optimal de réparation lorsque la détérioration se base sur un modèle markovien en raison de la grande répartition des moments optimaux de réparation. Enfin, l’avantage de réparation simultanée a un impact considérable pour une détérioration stochastique, la majorité des réparations se produisant entre 15 et 40 ans.
Michelin-Brachet, Hugues. "L'entretien des personnes et des biens essai sur une catégorie juridique : essai sur une catégorie juridique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2017. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247191765.
Full textNo English summary available
Khoufache, Nabil. "Contribution à la restructuration des ouvrages d'assainissement en maçonnerie au moyen de matériaux composites." Artois, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ARTO0209.
Full textOf all the cities in the world, it is curently Paris which has the largest network of sewers. Many date from 19th century and are still in use. Although most of these sewerages continue to operate, their general condition is deteriorating inexorably. This study is part of the RESAME project. A reduction in rehabilitation costs of about 20% efficiency equivalent is the principal objective of this project while reducing time on-site. The aim of this thesis, largely literature, is to propose an experimental program that willl develop a process of reinforcement or repair works adapted to visited sewerages with ovoid shape in masonry millstone. The first part of this thesis enables to recount history, to give the various stages of construction of sewers of Paris and to take stock of the pathologies, the repair techniques and of the auscultation of these structures. A bibliographical summary on the application of this technique to repair masonry structures complete this part. The second part, from an experimental aspect, aims to characterize materials and in particular the interface coating/glue/composite. The structure without reinforcements were modelled to predict the mechanisms of ruins (kneecaps). Indded , given the complexity of ovoid in millstone, the tests are conducted for this experimental program on vaults in millstone reinforced or not. The characterization tests performed on millstone have identified the difficulty of characterizing these stones because of the heterogeneity of the material. The bonding composite fabric-based carbon fibers (Freyssinet) on a masonry vault has been coated adapted to strengthen it. The presence of fabric, helped delay the opening of cracks and reduce the displacement of. For a load of 250 kN, the keystone is 2. 8 mm for a non-reinforced vault and 1 mm for a reinforced vault
Aufauvre, Claire. "Contribution du secteur de l'entretien-réparation à la productivité du camionnage en Afrique subsaharienne." Lyon 2, 1995. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1995/aufauvre_c.
Full textRoad transport in subsaharan Africa is not very performant. It is highly expensive and not very reliable. Now, the maintenance and repair of the lorries represents 20% minimum of the haulage costs. They also cause many malfonctions : accidents, vehicles immobilisations, delate deliveries. What can be done in the maintenance and repair field to contribute to an amelioration of haulage in subsaharan Africa ? To palliate the lack of preliminary information, it is necessary to performe an analysis of how the field is run. Thus, an evaluation of the truthfulness of the commonly admitted empirical ideas is made possible. Small carriers usually have their vehicles repaired in small garages whereas more structured ones have their own garage. Then, the study concentrates on the maintenance and repair practices : diagnosis of failure, choice and supply of spare parts, location of repair, equipment used, personnel training. After these have been analysed, hypotheses are made to find source of productivity. In conclusion, scenarios are presented to evaluate the effect of different measures in the medium term, and actions are proposed for the actors in the field as well as the public authorities
Bationo, Frédéric. "Prise en compte du réseau sociotechnique de maintenance dans la conception d'équipements : cas des petites unités de transformation agroalimentaire des pays d'Afrique de l'ouest." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0026.
Full textTo provide equipment to the agro alimentary transformers of the West African Countries (WAC), it is essential to take into account their maintenance since the phases of design taking into account specificities of the sociotechnique context and economic of these countries. For this objective, we propose three tools and an approach. The tools are : a model of analysis and representation of maintenance existing network, a specification document giving a capitalization of technical data and a set of directed ruIes of design maintenance as DFX tools. The proposaI was elaborated on the basis of the traditional practices of maintenance in the small units of Burkina Faso agro alimentary transformation. The approach of directed design maintenance in the WAC allows the placement of these three tools by a multi-competences team. The experimentation in Benin by a design a local team showed its applicability
Mathon-Dufour, Valérie. "Caractérisation du pergélisol en vue de la réfection et de l'adaptation aux changements climatiques de l'aéroport d'Iqaluit, Nunavut." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30802/30802.pdf.
Full textMonnin, Maxime. "Approche unifiée défaillance-dommage dans la sûreté de fonctionnement pour la régénération des matériels au combat : Application aux systèmes d'armes terrestres." Valenciennes, 2007. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b0f9c26e-8ca7-4e1f-a4da-154e0fc91cb5.
Full textThe French Procurement Agency (DGA) aims at defining the needs of French Army and actually works to define the BOA (airland operational bubble). In this particular operational context military systems have to integrate regeneration facilities defined has system’s ability to return damaged or disabled component to temporary service in order to fulfil its mission. Nexter group which designs and manufactures armoured vehicles to meet the needs of Army has to guarantee the operational availability of the systems they sell. Thus, operational availability assessment has to integrate failure damage and regeneration in the same modelling process. Although failure are considered in dependability framework and damage are studied in the survivability framework, taking into account regeneration remains difficult due to the lack of modelling methods and tools that incorporate failure damage and regeneration in a unified way. In that way, our contribution is related to a modelling method based on system engineering that allows defining a generic modelling atom for the system behaviour representation. A dynamic model based on the modelling atoms aggregation has been developed by means of Stochastic Activity Networks that allow simulations to be completed for the availability assessment. The feasibility and the added value of the approach are experimented on a system architecture jointly defined by the DGA and Nexter Group
Khraibani, Hussein. "Modélisation statistique de données longitudinales sur un réseau routier entretenu." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDN0040.
Full textRoad transportation has a direct impact on a country's economy. Infrastructures, particularly pavements, deteriorate under the effect of traffic and climate. As a result, they most constantly undergo maintenance which often requires expensive works. The optimization of maintenance strategies and the scheduling of works necessarily pass by a study that makes use of deterioration evolution laws and accounts for the effect of maintenance on these laws. In this respect, numerous theoretical and experimental works ranging linear and nonlinear regressions to more sophisticated methods such as Markov chain have been conducted. The thesis presents a survey of models and methods and focuses on the analysis of survival data (MADS), an analysis which constituted the objective of important works at LCPC. In order to acount for the fact that current databases contain repeated measurements of each pavement section, the thesis proposes a different approach based on the use of nonlinear mixed-effects models (NLME). First, it carries out a comparison between the NLME and MADS models on different databases in terms of the goodness of fit and prediction capability. The comparison then allows to draw conclusions about the applicability of the two models
Khaldi, Hatem. "Stratégie d'implantation d'un système de gestion de la maintenance pour les entrepreneurs forestiers de récolte." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27598.
Full textThibault, Agnès. "Analyse d'un élement déterminant de la gestion de patrimoine physique : l'entretien rénovation. Application économétrique au logement." Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090075.
Full textLemonnier, Patrick. "Application de la méthode variationnelle au problème de l'analyse de la stabilité des talus renforces par des nappes géosynthétiques." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0004.
Full textThe variational limit equilibrium method, formulated by BAKER and GARBER (1977) in the case of unreinforced slopes, has been used in the case of geotextile reinforced slopes. We have shown that the shape of the failure surface's trace of the reinforced slopes is a log-spiral of angle Ør (reduced angle of internal friction of the sail). To evaluate the contribution of the reinforcements in the analysis of the stability, a theoretical model, based on a variational approach, has been elaborated. It allows ta determinate the tension mobilized at the intersection with the failure surface, for each layer' of reinforcement. This has been done owing ta the local equilibrium coupled with the geotextile and the interface (soil-geotextile) stress-strain relationships. Furthermore, it allows ta determinate the distributions of stresses and soil-geotextile displacements, for each point of the geotextiles. The originality of this approach is to permit the determination of the optimum position of the layer, sa that we obtain an extrema! tension at the intersection geotextile-failure surface. This modelization is based on arbitrary hypothesis concerning the stress distribution which action the above face of the membranes. Nevertheless, the numerical results indicate that the influence of these hypothesis is very little. A computer program has been developed. It allows evaluate the global stability of the reinforced slope, after having analyzed the local equilibrium of each layer of reinforcement
Perez, Romero Sergio Alejandro. "Approche experimentale et numérique de la fissuration réflective des chaussées : de la chaussée instrumentée au laboratoire en passant par la modélisation." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/8a632270-ccc9-4e1d-b0d9-864a330063c7/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4070.pdf.
Full textIn the domain of pavement maintenance, a major problem observed is the frequent incidence of reflective cracking over the top asphalted new layer. The object of this work is to determine the internal efforts in this layer in order to define the loading protocols for the reflective cracking testing machine called MEFISTO at the Laboratoire Regional d'Autun (LRA). In a first stage, the phenomenon of reflective cracking was studied on a small track in a full scale test using the Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT) machines FABAC of the LCPC. The experimental results have been compared with numerical calculations made with the CESAR-LCPC FEA software. This comparison has lead into a validation of the calculation hypothesis and into a better comprehension of the reflective cracking failure mechanism reproduced with the LCPC APT equipment. In a second stage, the FEA calculation method was used to define the loading protocols of the MEFISTO equipement
Efaga, Eugène-Désiré. "Analyse des données du retour d'expérience pour l'organisation de la maintenance des équipements de production des PME/PMI dans le cadre de la MBF (Maintenance Basée sur la Fiabilité)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/EFAGA_Eugene-Desire_2004.pdf.
Full textBlais, Simon. "Étude sur l'utilisation des bétons à retrait compensé dans le domaine de réparations minces de béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27521/27521.pdf.
Full textGodbout, Daniel, and Daniel Godbout. "Conversion de programmes de l'impératif au déclaratif." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19076.
Full textHabituellement, plus le développement d'un logiciel est avancé plus il est dispen- dieux de le modifier. Par conséquent, une approche permettant de simplifier l'étape de maintenance permettrait de réduire considérablement le coût lié au développement de programmes. Le langage déclaratif de la méthodologie Lyee permet justement de simplifier la maintenance de programmes. Cependant, les programmes existants écrits dans un langage impératif doivent être traduits pour être utilisés par celle-ci. Ainsi, dans ce travail, nous proposons une fonction de conversion de programmes écrits dans un langage impératif avec des tableaux et entrées/sorties vers un langage déclaratif. Il s'agit d'une extension de langages L1 et L2 existants qui supportaient déjà les expres- sions arithmétiques et booléennes ainsi que les affectations, les boucles et les instructions conditionnelles. Le travail effectué a donc été d'ajouter les tableaux et les entrées/sorties dans ces langages et d'ajuster la fonction de traduction en conséquent. Aussi, une im- plantation d'une interface de développement permettant de spécifier des programmes dans un langage déclaratif simple à utiliser a été produite.
Pekpe, Komi Midzodzi. "Identification par les techniques des sous-espaces : application au diagnostic." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL111N.
Full textThis thesis focus on MIMa system identification and sensor fault detection and isolation with subspace methods. At the beginning, linear system identification is tackled. First, a presentation of classical subspace methods based on the estimation of the observability matrix and/or state sequence matrix is presented; then a new approach based on a FIR modelling is proposed. This approach is based on the estimation of the Markov parameters which allows the determination of a minimal and balanced realisation using algorithm ERA. Three methods for identification of linear dynamic systems with coloured noises are proposed. Ln the context of switching systems identification, a multiple model modelling with binary weighting functions are used. Two methods are proposed to cope with this unsupervised learning problem: the first carries out a classification withtlchange detection methods, but the second performs this classification by finding hyperplanes which represent the local models in the inputs and outputs space. Both methods estimate a minimal and balanced realisation of each local model by least squares method with the knowledge of the weighting functions obtained by classification. A multiple model approach is used to deal with nonlinear system identification. The weights of the local models are supposed to be known and a method giving a minimal and balanced realisation of each local model is proposed. Finally, sensor fault detection and isolation in linear systems is performed without the knowledge of a model. A method only based on the knowledge of the inputs and outputs is proposed. Since no estimated mode! is used, the proposed method does not suffer from parametric uncertainties. By weighting the state with the high power of the state matrix which is supposed to be stable, the state influence is removed and the input influence is suppressed by orthogonal projection, then, we obtained a structured residual. This residual allows the detection and the isolation of the sensor faults
Mahmoud, Tawfik. "Etude de matériaux minéraux renforcés par des fibres organiques en vue de leur utilisation dans le renforcement et la réparation des ouvrages tels que les ponts." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0047/these.pdf.
Full textUntil now, wood was added to the cement to achieve lighter materials or materials suitable for phonic insulation. However the aspects of reinforcement in terms of mechanical properties of final cement-wood composite are still very badly known. The principal objective of the present work is to explore the potential and the problems put by the usage of the wood as reinforcement in a cement matrix. In this work, poplar wood was used. Some of them underwent cross-linking treatment. This thermal treatment, set up and realized in the SPIN centre, allows limiting the water retake of the wood, and thus to decrease its dimensional variations. This treatment decreases the average resistance of the wood as well as the humidification of wood (fracture strength measured in 3 points bending test). Tests carried out with various lengths between supports show an affect of the sample volume which is not conform with the modal of Weibul: the ultimate stress due to the bending moment is all the more high that the distance between loading points is high. This result will be analysed and discuss taking into account the shear stresses. In order to characterise in end the effect of the reinforcement in the case of a composite one to short oriented fibers randomly, we developed an extraction test where the rods obliquely are oriented, in comparison with the traction effort. At the time of the extraction, the rods undergo a bending, that conditions their rupture probability. On a analytical model will be analyzed the bridging and the validity on metallic glasses
Séfiane, Hakim. "Aide au choix d'une méthode de diagnostic pour l'amélioration des performances en maintenance des systèmes de production." Valenciennes, 2008. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d3a8c77b-8f94-4ce3-abbf-ed2c5aa11d63.
Full textThe maintenance devotion to prevent and solve production systems malfunctions represents a major factor in enterprises performance. Baring in mind diagnostic important role in maintenance, the selection of the most suitable diagnostic systems influences maintenance the system performance. Given the numerous available diagnostic methods (the choice of the most relevant diagnostic method with respect to the problem), the choice of the best method is a tedious procedure. This research tries to solve this complex problem. The proposed methodology ensures that the chosen diagnostic method is taken in a consistent, clear and rational way to help decision maker to justify their choices
Durand, Vanessa. "Performance et robustesse des matériaux de réparation à prise rapide et/ou à haute résistance initiale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29228/29228.pdf.
Full textBrisepierre, Gaëtan. "Les conditions sociales et organisationnelles du changement des pratiques de consommation d’énergie dans l’habitat collectif." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H023.
Full textThis thesis is a sociological examination of concrete problems that result from energy savings in group housing. It is based on inductive research conducted by means of field surveys involving residents as well as housing and heating professionals. The central idea is to show how, beyond technical and economical factors, energy consumption in housing is a social and organizational construction. From an ethnographic description of practices in the home that involve energy consumption — particularly heating practices — it shows that many constraints limit the leeway that people have in the domestic sphere. The organizational analysis of heating management in public housing and energy renovation in co-ownership shows conflicts of interest among the professionals in the field of energy savings. A real reduction in energy consumption is possible when residents are able to participate in collective decisions concerning their building
Bernier, Geneviève. "Stratégie de mise en oeuvre de la maintenance à domicile des aides techniques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29278/29278.pdf.
Full textVillamil, Galvis Gloria Elizabeth. "Outils d'aide à la décision pour le renouvellement d'une flotte de véhicules." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/29951/29951.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the issues related to the vehicles fleet renewal. It presents de context, motivations and factors to consider in the renewal process. Decisions-making tools to support the development of the renewal plan, the selection of new vehicles and fleet maintenance management are proposed. The thesis also refers to the cost to consider throughout the life cycle of each vehicle. The contents of this thesis should prove useful to both fleet managers and researches interested in costs analysis with regard to the life cycle of vehicles within a perspective of sustainable development.
Marie-Joseph, Isabelle. "Méthodologie de diagnostic appliquée à la maintenance préventive d'unités de production d'électricité en sites isolés." Antilles-Guyane, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AGUY0093.
Full textToday, the Overseas departments have more than 25% of photovoltaic systems of the French territory. French Guiana is itself equipped with a park of more than 600 kWc, 75% being located in isolated areas. This leads to the problem of the installation of a suitable maintenance policy related mainly to the difficulties of provisioning raw materials and spare parts, to the lack of qualified local manpower and to the complexity to give a fast diagnosis of the installation. Aiming to reach a quality of the provided service, it proves to be crucial to develop a diagnosis tool of the different breakdowns and defects which can occur on the production chain. On the basis of research element of the Thesis of Miss Sidonie SALVAT, illustrating in detail the philosophy of the preventive maintenance, the work of this memory presents the development of a tool for functional simulation to validate these first results. By the realization of models for the simulation of each system subset, including a statistical modelling of the solar resource and load, we present a detailed analysis of the dysfunctions. This tool, which proves to be a key element of the diagnosis development, allows the use of detection methods based on the principle of the pattern recognition. The supervised training realize a classification by the search for a parametric discriminating function minimizing the quadratic error on the basis. The algorithms carrying out the real time monitoring of the system in presence of defects are established in an experimental kit representing with reduced scale the production of an individual generator. The experimental detection procedures are then tested on production and regulation defects, and compared with those obtained by simulations under the same operating conditions
Schmitzberger, Erwin. "Planification globale de trajectoires en milieux industriels : application à la maintenance et au démantèlement de centrales nucléaires." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_SCHMITZBERGER_E.pdf.
Full textThe problem of motion planning has been addressed for several decades in robotics. Pre-computed probabilistic roadmaps have been recognized as an efficient method to generate rapid collision free motions between any pair of initial and final configurations of the robot. Inside EDF R&D and the European MoLog project, we contribute to adapt and integrate these methods in the context of the maintenance and the dismantling of nuclear power plants. Such applications require the motion of objects, deviees or even robots within cluttered environments. Furthermore, we propose a way to enrich the pre-computed roadmaps so that they can generate ali the non homotopie paths for any pair of configurations. Hence any further geometrical, kinematical or dynamical constraints specified after the Roadmap pre-computation, can be applied on a single homotopy class which is selected by the user. This leads to a gain of time and interactivity between engineers and motion planning tools
Mallard, Alexandre. "Les instruments dans la coordination de l'action : pratique technique, métrologie, instrument scientifique." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0601.
Full textInstruments (measuring instruments, visualisation and optical devices, usual technical tools. . . ) play a role in the definition and coordination of practices. The aim of the PHD thesis is to relate three different aspects of the coordination through instruments : the practices involved in their use, the associated forms of action and the techno-economic networks of conception, distribution and use. This question is at the cross-road of different disciplines of the social sciences : sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK), cognitive science, pragmatics of the regimes of adjustments, psychology, ethnology of technology, sociology of innovation. The first part of the thesis studies the various forms of coordination associated with different kind of instruments. The inquiry focuses on car repairing activity and combines two complementary approaches : an ethnographical approach of the technical practices in a garage investigates the various form of competences involved in the use of instruments (perception, bodily knowledge, cognition, social abilities, know how …), an analysis of the industrial networks of car repairing shows that instruments take part actively in the techno-economic coordination of these networks. The second part of the thesis is centered on measuring instruments. It shows that metrology is a modality of coordination of the practices of assessment and control. The inquiry bears on two fieldworks : the extensive analysis of the systems of legal metrology and standardisation of an instrument of car pollution measurement, the study of a scientific instrument of atmospheric pollution measurement, from its conception in a research center up to its final practical use. This study tackles the following stages : construction and settling of an instrument in a scientific laboratory, assessment of prototype in metrology laboratory, construction of a commercial network for the diffusion of the product, intercomparison of several similar instruments
Duriez, Sylvain. "Contribution à l'étude de l'impact de modifications structuro-fonctionnelles sur les performances de sécurité d'un système socio-technique : application au domaine ferroviaire." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL027N.
Full textGlobalisation and increased competition entail more and more economical and legislative constraints. Companies have to struggle to face these constraints' complex nature by adapting and modifying the structural and functional aspects oftheir organisation. However, analyses oflarge-scale industrial disasters have shown that these "organisational adaptations" may weaken the systems' proficiency in terrns of safety. Thus, regarding hazardous industries, researchers and entrepreneurs call for methodologies and organisational criteria which would enable them to manage the interactions between "organisational aspects" and "safety". The point ofthis study of infrastructure of the French Railways was to: - Identify the links between "organisation" and "safety" in the field of railway transportation, drawing on internaI documents and semi-directive interviews with members of units in charge of "procedure design", "safety management" and "production/maintenance", - Develop standards and concepts providing managers with a global and generic picture enabling them to understand and characterize the way organisational aspects may influence their system's proficiency as regards safety. - Pinpoint the "organisational factors" and "mechanisms that generate organisational constraints" to drawa list of organisational criteria, those aspects beingcrucial to the introduction of the notion of "safety" into an organisation's reconception process. The framework of explanations and descriptions provided herein illustrates how organisational aspects may influence security capabilities. This line of attack offers bases for a methodology seeking to anticipate and prevent impacts of organisational changes on a system' s proficiency in terms of safety
Estocq, Philippe. "Une approche méthodologique numérique et expérimentale d'aide à la détection et au suivi vibratoire de défauts d'écaillage de roulements à billes." Reims, 2004. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000129.pdf.
Full textThis study deals with conditional maintenance by vibratory analysis. This activity constitutes an increasingly important part of the tools used to keep industrial plants in continuous service. This work proposes a numerical and experimental methodology of assistance to the detection and the vibratory follow-up of spalling defects in ball bearings. The objective of this work is to use a measurement point located on the casing of a revolving machine to carry out an effective vibratory monitoring. Two steps can be distinguished in this work. The first one consists in the conception of an optimized structural component, called resonator, to channel the vibrations if placed on the casing of the machine. The second step is a numerical determination of the optimum measurement point for defects detection, which can also be used for the follow-up of the evolution of severity of the spalling
Alahmad, Sam. "Traitement des fissurations dans les ouvrages hydrauliques." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000310/.
Full textThe cracks of different origins in hydraulic structures provide preferential paths for the penetration of various aggressive agents (such as liquid, gas, ions), which leads to decreased performance of these works (leakage, deterioration, loss of mechanical strength). The aim of the thesis is to study the consequences of cracking of hydraulic structures on mechanical and water sealing properties, and to study different possibilities to treat these cracks to improve and regain sufficient sealing. Moreover, recover partially the mechanical cohesion. Therefore, two aspects will be studied. The first aspect is to study the effect of crack opening on the penetration of carbon dioxide in a mortar. The second aspect is to study the capacity of healing of cracks from the point of view of mechanical (stiffness, bearing capacity), this study will be supplemented by chemical analysis and microscopic observations to characterize the nature of new crystals that precipitated in the crack
Soucy, Jean-François. "Propriétés mécaniques et comportement des éléments fléchis ayant subi des réparations structurales en béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29838/29838.pdf.
Full textA two-phase research program has been undertaken. In the first phase, computer simulations using a finite-element analysis (FEM) software have been performed to highlight the most sensitive. In the second phase, a series of 12 real-size reinforced concrete beams (3,4 m long) has been cast, air-conditioned and repaired at midspan to different extents, using two formulations of repair self-compacting concrete (high-stiffness and low-stiffness SCC’s), 10 of the 12 beams are repaired beam. The last 2 beams are monolithic beams and used as references. After the installation of the instrumentation, the beams are tested on a 4-point bending setup using two servo-hydraulic actuators, for the measurement of the instantaneous and long-term load deformation. The analysis that follows illustrates the correlation between laboratory results and numerical simulations. The main findings of the study show that using a repair material with a higher stiffness than that of the substrate results in a behavior similar to the monolithic beam. However the use of a material with a lower stiffness tends to negatively affect the behavior of the repaired beam. This trend is more pronounced when considering a sustained load, because the materials with lower stiffness tend to deform more than the rigid materials, it follows that the creep at the young age of the material also affects the behavior of the repaired beams, and that the use of a more rigid material allows the repaired beam to behave like a monolithic beam. Keywords: Beam, concrete, compression, creep, FEM, mechanical repair, structural capacity
Al, Fazari Hamdan. "Fuzzy quality function deployment for aircraft maintenance organizations." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000283/.
Full textDans cette thèse, le déploiement de la fonction de la qualité pour l'organisation de l'entretien des avions est considérée. L'évaluation de la gestion de la qualité dans les organismes de maintenance des avions est la clé pour garantir la sécurité, la fiabilité et l'assurance de la qualité. De nos jours, les entreprises partout dans le monde ont un besoin absolu de systèmes, gestion de la qualité afin de les aider à développer et à mieux gérer leurs activités. La façon dont les organisations gèrent leurs gestions de l'organisation joue un rôle majeur dans l'amélioration du niveau de la qualité du produit ou la qualité du service qu'elles fournissent. Le défi de la mise en œuvre de la démarche qualité dans la gestion de la maintenance des avions est important car il doit conduire à des économies de temps et d'argent. La gestion de la qualité est, par conséquent, une fonction essentielle pour maintenir et améliorer la qualité des services et produits offerts par les organismes de maintenance des avions. Dans cette thèse les prés requis et connaissances théoriques sur l'organisation de la maintenance et la gestion de la qualité sont présentés en détail. Ceci est réalisé en effectuant une analyse des besoins et des moyens pour améliorer la qualité dans les activités d'entretien. L'approche d'analyse proposée est une combinaison du déploiement de la fonction de la qualité et de la Logique Floue. Le déploiement de la fonction de la qualité est utilisé comme un outil d'analyse pour traduire les besoins des clients et les besoins en qualité des services. Le déploiement de la fonction de la qualité comprend la construction d'une structure matricielle permettant d’évaluer et de comparer les différents plans d’action. Puisque de nombreuses opinions d'experts sont exprimées en termes linguistiques, il semble que la Logique Floue pourrait améliorer ce processus d'analyse. La dernière partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'élaboration du déploiement de la fonction de la qualité dans le cadre de la Logique Floue. L'approche d'analyse proposée est ensuite illustrée dans le cas de l'organisation de l'entretien d’une flotte d’avions. L'objectif est d'augmenter la disponibilité de la flotte, de maintenir sa fiabilité, de diminuer le temps du service de maintenance, de limiter les coûts d'investissement