Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aerosoler

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Aerosoler'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Aerosoler"

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Morozova, A. L., and I. A. Mironova. "Aerosols over Continental Portugal (1978–1993): their sources and an impact on the regional climate." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 22 (2014): 31009–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-31009-2014.

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Abstract. Understanding of aerosol sources which affect climate is an important problem open in front of scientists as well as policymakers. The role of aerosols in local climate variability depends on a~balance between aerosol absorbing and scattering particles as well as on variability of environmental conditions. In this paper we investigate variability of aerosol content (both absorbing and scattering UV radiation) over Continental Portugal in dependence on aerosol sources (volcanic eruptions, dust events, wildfires and anthropogenic pollution). The effect of the aerosol on the climate is studied analyzing their contribution to variations of temperature, sunshine duration and precipitation over Portuguese regions. The present analysis is based on a developed modern multiple regression technique allowing us to build the statistical correlation models to determine both the main local aerosol sources and aerosol's influence on the climate of the Continental Portugal during 1978–1993 time period. The analysis allows us to conclude that the main sources driving the variations of the aerosol content over studied locations are wildfires, mineral dust intrusions and anthropogenic pollution. The relations between the aerosol content variations and the atmospheric parameters depend on the level of urbanization of the studied region, the type of aerosol and the season. The most significant finding is the decrease of the daily temperature (and diurnal temperature range) related to the decrease of sunshine duration observed during the summer periods of increased content of the absorbing aerosols in the atmosphere.
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Bréon, F. M. "Aerosol extinction to backscatter ratio derived from passive satellite measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 1 (2013): 2351–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-2351-2013.

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Abstract. Spaceborne reflectance measurements from the POLDER instrument are used to study the specific directional signature close to the backscatter direction. The data analysis makes it possible to derive the extinction to backscatter ratio (EBR) which is the invert of the scattering phase function for an angle of 180° and is needed for a quantitative interpretation of lidar observations (active measurements). In addition, the multi-directional measurements are used to quantify the scattering phase function variations close to backscatter, which also provide some indication of the aerosol particle size and shape. The spatial distributions of both parameters show consistent patterns that are consistent with the aerosol type distributions. Pollution aerosols have an EBR close to 70, desert dust values are on the order of 50, while marine aerosol's is close to 25. The scattering phase function shows an increase with the scattering angle close to backscatter. The relative increase ∂lnP/∂ γ is close to 0.01 for dust and pollution type aerosols and 0.06 for marine type aerosols. These values are consistent with those retrieved from Mie simulations.
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Morozova, A. L., and I. A. Mironova. "Aerosols over continental Portugal (1978–1993): their sources and an impact on the regional climate." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 11 (2015): 6407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6407-2015.

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Abstract. Understanding of aerosol sources that affect climate is an ongoing problem facing scientists as well as policymakers. The role of aerosols in local climate variability depends on a balance between light absorbing and scattering particles as well as on variability of environmental conditions. In this paper we investigate variability of aerosol content (both absorbing and scattering ultraviolet radiation) over continental Portugal in connection with aerosol sources (volcanic eruptions, dust events, wildfires and anthropogenic pollution). The effect of the aerosol on the climate is studied analyzing their contribution to variations of temperature, pressure, sunshine duration and precipitation over Portuguese regions. The present analysis is based on a developed modern multiple regression technique allowing us to build the statistical correlation models to determine both the main local aerosol sources and aerosol's influence on the climate of continental Portugal during 1978–1993. The analysis allows us to conclude that the main sources driving the variations of the aerosol content over studied locations are wildfires, mineral dust intrusions and anthropogenic pollution. The relations between the aerosol content variations and the atmospheric parameters depend on the level of urbanization of the studied region, the type of aerosol and the season. The most significant finding is the decrease of the daily maximum temperature (and diurnal temperature range) related to the decrease of sunshine duration observed during the summer periods of increased content of the absorbing aerosols in the atmosphere.
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Persad, Geeta G., David J. Paynter, Yi Ming, and V. Ramaswamy. "Competing Atmospheric and Surface-Driven Impacts of Absorbing Aerosols on the East Asian Summertime Climate." Journal of Climate 30, no. 22 (2017): 8929–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0860.1.

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East Asia has some of the largest concentrations of absorbing aerosols globally, and these, along with the region’s scattering aerosols, have both reduced the amount of solar radiation reaching Earth’s surface regionally (solar dimming) and increased shortwave absorption within the atmosphere, particularly during the peak months of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). This study analyzes how atmospheric absorption and surface solar dimming compete in driving the response of regional summertime climate to anthropogenic aerosols, which dominates, and why—issues of particular importance for predicting how East Asian climate will respond to projected changes in absorbing and scattering aerosol emissions in the future. These questions are probed in a state-of-the-art general circulation model using a combination of realistic and novel idealized aerosol perturbations that allow analysis of the relative influence of absorbing aerosols’ atmospheric and surface-driven impacts on regional circulation and climate. Results show that even purely absorption-driven dimming decreases EASM precipitation by cooling the land surface, counteracting climatological land–sea contrast and reducing ascending atmospheric motion and onshore winds, despite the associated positive top-of-the-atmosphere regional radiative forcing. Absorption-driven atmospheric heating does partially offset the precipitation and surface evaporation reduction from surface dimming, but the overall response to aerosol absorption more closely resembles the response to its surface dimming than to its atmospheric heating. These findings provide a novel decomposition of absorbing aerosol’s impacts on regional climate and demonstrate that the response cannot be expected to follow the sign of absorption’s top-of-the-atmosphere or even atmospheric radiative perturbation.
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Alston, Erica, and Irina Sokolik. "Assessment of Aerosol Radiative Forcing with 1-D Radiative Transfer Modeling in the U. S. South-East." Atmosphere 9, no. 7 (2018): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9070271.

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Aerosols and their radiative properties play an integral part in understanding Earth’s climate. It is becoming increasingly common to examine aerosol’s radiative impacts on a regional scale. The primary goal of this research is to explore the impacts of regional aerosol’s forcing at the surface and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) in the south-eastern U.S. by using a 1-D radiative transfer model. By using test cases that are representative of conditions common to this region, an estimate of aerosol forcing can be compared to other results. Speciation data and aerosol layer analysis provide the basis for the modeling. Results indicate that the region experiences TOA cooling year-round, where the winter has TOA forcings between −2.8 and −5 W/m2, and the summer has forcings between −5 and −15 W/m2 for typical atmospheric conditions. Surface level forcing efficiencies are greater than those estimated for the TOA for all cases considered i.e., urban and non-urban background conditions. One potential implication of this research is that regional aerosol mixtures have effects that are not well captured in global climate model estimates, which has implications for a warming climate where all radiative inputs are not well characterized, thus increasing the ambiguity in determining regional climate impacts.
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Choi, Wonei, Hyeongwoo Kang, Dongho Shin, and Hanlim Lee. "Satellite-Based Aerosol Classification for Capital Cities in Asia Using a Random Forest Model." Remote Sensing 13, no. 13 (2021): 2464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132464.

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Aerosol types in Asian capital cities were classified using a random forest (RF) satellite-based aerosol classification model during 2018–2020 in an investigation of the contributions of aerosol types, with or without Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observations. In this study, we used the recently developed RF aerosol classification model to detect and classify aerosols into four types: pure dust, dust-dominated aerosols, strongly absorbing aerosols, and non-absorbing aerosols. Aerosol optical and microphysical properties for each aerosol type detected by the RF model were found to be reasonably consistent with those for typical aerosol types. In Asian capital cities, pollution-sourced aerosols, especially non-absorbing aerosols, were found to predominate, although Asian cities also tend to be seasonally affected by natural dust aerosols, particularly in East Asia (March–May) and South Asia (March–August). No specific seasonal effects on aerosol type were detected in Southeast Asia, where there was a predominance of non-absorbing aerosols. The aerosol types detected by the RF model were compared with those identified by other aerosol classification models. This study indicates that the satellite-based RF model may be used as an alternative in the absence of AERONET sites or observations.
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Chen, Qi-Xiang, Chun-Lin Huang, Yuan Yuan, Qian-Jun Mao, and He-Ping Tan. "Spatiotemporal Distribution of Major Aerosol Types over China Based on MODIS Products between 2008 and 2017." Atmosphere 11, no. 7 (2020): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070703.

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Knowledge of aerosol-type distribution is critical to the evaluation of aerosol–climate effects. However, research on aerosol-type distribution covering all is limited. This study characterized the spatiotemporal distribution of major aerosol types over China by using MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products from 2008 to 2017. Two aerosol-type classification methods were combined to achieve this goal. One was for relatively high aerosol load (AOD ≥ 0.2) using aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol relative optical depth (AROD) and the other was for low aerosol load (AOD < 0.2) using land use and population density information, which assumed that aerosols are closely related to local emissions. Results showed that the dominant aerosol-type distribution has a distinct spatial and temporal pattern. In western China, background aerosols (mainly dust/desert dust and continent aerosol) dominate with a combined occurrence ratio over 70% and they have slight variations on seasonal scale. While in eastern China, the dominant aerosols show strong seasonal variations. Spatially, mixed aerosols dominate most parts of eastern China in spring due to the influence of long-range transported dust from Taklamakan and Gobi desert and urban/industry aerosols take place in summer due to strong photochemical reactions. Temporally, mixed and urban/industry aerosols co-dominate eastern China.
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Girado-Polo, Carlos, and Leonardo Gónima-Gónima. "Algoritmo teórico para la estimación de la radiación solar global para una atmósfera despejada." Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 42, no. 162 (2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.610.

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En este trabajo se desarrolló un algoritmo para la estimación de la radiación solar global, para una atmósfera despejada, mediante el modelamiento de las ecuaciones teóricas de transferencia radiativa de onda corta (0,3 µm - 2,8 µm). Se determinaron las transmitancias espectrales de la radiación solar directa, debidas a la dispersión de Rayleigh y Mie. Mediante el software Propiedades Ópticas de Aerosoles y Nubes (Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds, OPAC) se calculó la Profundidad Óptica de los Aerosoles (Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD) para cuatro diferentes tipos de atmósferas, indispensable para la determinación del índice de turbidez de Ångström. Así mismo, se calcularon la transmitancias espectrales por absorción de la radiación solar directa, incluyendo aerosoles, vapor de agua, ozono y aire seco (mezcla de gases). El contenido de O3 se obtuvo de los datos diarios existentes en base de datos de la NASA. Para la componente difusa de la radiación solar, se dedujo una nueva expresión para el cálculo de la fracción de la radiación solar dispersada por los aerosoles hacia la superficie terrestre. La comparación estadística entre los resultados obtenidos con el algoritmo desarrollado, los datos medidos de la radiación global (estación Potsdam - Alemania) y los resultados de otros tres modelos radiativos, entre 2012 y 2014, muestra que el nuevo modelo permite calcular los valores horarios de la radiación solar global con suficiente precisión. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
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Li, Z., X. Zhao, R. Kahn, et al. "Uncertainties in satellite remote sensing of aerosols and impact on monitoring its long-term trend: a review and perspective." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 7 (2009): 2755–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2755-2009.

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Abstract. As a result of increasing attention paid to aerosols in climate studies, numerous global satellite aerosol products have been generated. Aerosol parameters and underlining physical processes are now incorporated in many general circulation models (GCMs) in order to account for their direct and indirect effects on the earth's climate, through their interactions with the energy and water cycles. There exists, however, an outstanding problem that these satellite products have substantial discrepancies, that must be lowered substantially for narrowing the range of the estimates of aerosol's climate effects. In this paper, numerous key uncertain factors in the retrieval of aerosol optical depth (AOD) are articulated for some widely used and relatively long satellite aerosol products including the AVHRR, TOMS, MODIS, MISR, and SeaWiFS. We systematically review the algorithms developed for these sensors in terms of four key elements that influence the quality of passive satellite aerosol retrieval: calibration, cloud screening, classification of aerosol types, and surface effects. To gain further insights into these uncertain factors, the NOAA AVHRR data are employed to conduct various tests, which help estimate the ranges of uncertainties incurred by each of the factors. At the end, recommendations are made to cope with these issues and to produce a consistent and unified aerosol database of high quality for both environment monitoring and climate studies.
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Abd Jalal, Khairunnisa, Arnis Asmat, and Noordin Ahmad. "Retrievals of Aerosol Optical Depth and Angstrom Exponent for Identification of Aerosols at Kuching, Sarawak." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5734–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5734.

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Anthropogenic and natural aerosols are important atmospheric constituents that significantly contribute to the Earth’s radiation budget but remain uncertainties due to the poor understanding of aerosol properties and its direct effects on scattering and absoprtion of solar radiation and the ability of aerosols to stay in atmosphere for a very short time. Different types of aerosols, representing biomass burning, urban or continental aerosols, maritime aerosols and dust particles will give different characterization and classification of aerosol properties. The data used in this study was obtained from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET).Two parameters were used for aerosol analysis which are Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at four wavelengths (440, 500, 675 and 870nm) and Angstrom exponent (α) derived from a multispectral log linear.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aerosoler"

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Schneider, Friedhelm. "Charakterisierung von Aerosolpartikeln aus der Landwirtschaft /." Hohenheim : Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Agrartechnik, Fachgebiet Verfahrenstechnik der Tierhaltungssysteme, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015489138&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Lundgren, Lennart. "Large organic aerosols in a human exposure chamber : applications in occupational dermatology and lung medicine /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-731-6/.

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Gullström, Cecilia. "Use of Satellite Data for Prediction of Weather Impact on EO-Systems." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-152284.

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To predict the performance of an electro-optical sensor system (EO-system) requires taking the weather situation into consideration. The possibility to use weather data from satellites instead of ground – and flight stations has been investigated. Nearly 170 satellites (about 10% of the functional satellites in orbit) were found to have atmosphere and weather monitoring. A method to select satellite data has been created based on three criteria: (1) the satellite should have a least one payload that measure a weather parameter for EO-system, (2) it should be possible to download data, free of charge, from the specified payload and (3) the satellite should cover geographical areas of interest for a potential user. The investigated performance property is the range, which is affected by many weather parameters, and focus has been on aerosols. The mean value for the aerosol extinction coefficient, for day- and nighttime conditions in December 2016, from the satellite CALIPSO’s lidar instrument Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) has been downloaded from www.earthdata.nasa.gov and implemented in a new developed application to predict the range for an EO-system. In the satellite data, from December 2016, it could be seen that the presence of aerosols, on a global scale, appears below 5 km and that the concentration of aerosols for nighttime condition is higher in local areas. For the test wavelength band of 0.9–2.5 µm, the application showed that the aerosol impact reduced the range by nearly 87%, if the EO-system was in a layer with aerosols. The application for the range prediction of EO-systems is on an early stage and need further development, especially its weather and scene parameters, to become a successful tool for a potential user in the future.<br>Att förutsäga prestandan hos ett elektro-optiskt sensorsystem (EO-system) kräver att man tar hänsyn till bland annat förhållandet i atmosfären. Möjligheten att använda väderdata från satelliter istället för mark- och flygstationer har undersökts. Det hittades nästan 170 satelliter (cirka 10% av de fungerande satelliterna i omloppsbana) med inriktning på atmosfär- och väderövervakning. En metod för att välja ut satellitdata har skapats som baseras på tre kriterier: (1) satelliten ska ha minst ett instrument som mäter en väderparameter för EO-system, (2) man ska, från internet, kunna ladda ner mätdata från det specifika instrumentet och (3) satelliten ska passera över ett område som är av intresse för en potentiell användare. Den prestandaegenskap som har undersökts är räckvidden, som påverkas av flera väderparametrar, där fokus har legat på inverkan från aerosoler. Medelvärdet för extinktionskoefficienten av aerosoler, för dag och natt i december 2016, från satelliten CALIPSO’s lidarinstrument Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) laddades ner från www.earthdata.nasa.gov och användes i en nyutvecklad applikation för att förutsäga räckvidden hos ett EO-system. Från satellitens mätningar i december 2016 kunde man se att förekomsten av aerosoler mestadels befann sig, globalt sett, uppdelat i olika lager under 5 km höjd och att koncentrationen av aerosoler är högre på natten i lokala områden. Applikationens beräkningar visade att förekomsten av aerosoler påverkade räckvidden för exempel våglängdsbandet 0.9–2.5 µm med en försämring upp till 87% när EO-systemet befann sig i ett skikt av aerosoler. Applikationen för att förutsäga räckvidden hos EO-system är i dess begynnelse och kräver vidareutveckling av både väder- och scenparametrar för att det ska bli ett framgångsrikt verktyg.
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Hofman, Birgitta, and Tina Plejert. "Studier av direkt solinstrålning i Sverige 1983-2003 : en statistisk analys." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2493.

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<p>I denna studie görs ett försök att öka förståelsen kring hur den inkommande direkta solinstrålningen blir påverkad av de gaser och partiklar som finns i atmosfären. Studiens syfte är att se om det statistiskt går att detektera någon trend i SMHI s mätningar av direkt solinstrålning vid elva mätstationer i Sverige mellan åren 1983-2003. Här undersöks även om partikelhalten i luften har förändrats samt om en eventuell trend i direkt solinstrålning kan kopplas ihop med förändrade partikelhalter i luften under samma tidsperiod. Solens cykler och ett förändrat ozonskikt kopplas också samman med resultaten. </p><p>Det finns säsongsvariation i datamaterialet av den direkta solinstrålningen och därför appliceras månadssummerade värden i Seasonal Mann Kendall test for trend som är fördelningsoberoende. För att se hur partiklar och direkt solinstrålning samvarierar görs korrelationstestet Kendall’s Tau i SPSS 11,5. Valet av de variabler som undersöks gentemot direkt solinstrålning är baserat på tidigare forskning av vilka ämnen i atmosfären som kan ha en inverkan på den mängd solinstrålning som når jorden. De aerosoler och partiklar som används som jämförelsematerial (årsmedelvärden) är SO2, SO4, Sot, NO2 och PM10. Mätdata av aerosoler och partiklar har hämtats från IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB vilka jämförs med solinstrålningsdata från SMHI. </p><p>Resultatet från trendtestet för direkt solinstrålning visar att det finns en positiv trend vid 9 av 11 undersökta stationer, solinstrålningen har ökat med 0,5 - 1,2 % år-1. Korrelationstesten mellan direkt solinstrålning och de olika undersökta partiklarna visar att då partikelhalten sjunker ökar den direkta solinstrålningen. Av de undersökta variablerna kan ökningen av solinstrålning till största delen förklaras med en minskad mängd sulfat- och sotpartiklar i atmosfären. Kvävedioxid uppges också som en bidragande faktor, dock liten då minskningen av kvävedioxid inte är så stor. Solens cykler och uttunning av ozonskiktet förklarar endast en mycket liten del av den ökade direkta solinstrålningen.</p>
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Zeng, Qing-Yin. "Development of molecular techniques for fungal diagnostic research." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå universitet : Arbetslivsinstitutet, 2005. http://kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-656.

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Gallavardin, Stéphane. "Analysis concepts of aerosols by on-line aerosol mass spectrometry." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/603768/document.pdf.

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Alfarra, Mohammedrami. "Insights into atmospheric organic aerosols using an aerosol mass spectrometer." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577471.

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Wurl, Daniela. "Optimal Estimation Retrieval of Aerosol Microphysical Properties in the Lower Stratosphere from SAGE II Satellite Observations." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1533.

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A new retrieval algorithm has been developed based on the Optimal Estimation (OE) approach, which retrieves lognormal aerosol size distribution parameters from multiwavelength aerosol extinction data, as measured by the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II in the lower stratosphere. Retrieving these aerosol properties becomes increasingly more difficult under aerosol background conditions, when tiny particles (« 0.1 µm) prevail, to which the experiment is nearly or entirely insensitive. A successful retrieval algorithm must then be able (a) to fill the 'blind spot' with suitable information about the practically invisible particles, and (b) to identify 'the best' of many possible solutions. The OE approach differs from other previously used aerosol retrieval techniques by taking a statistical approach to the multiple solution problem, in which the entire range of possible solutions are considered (including the smallest particles) and characterized by probability density functions. The three main parts of this thesis are (1) the development of the new OE retrieval algorithm, (2) the validation of this algorithm on the basis of synthetic extinction data, and (3) application of the new algorithm to SAGE II measurements of stratospheric background aerosol. The validation results indicate that the new method is able to retrieve the particle size of typical background aerosols reasonably well, and that the retrieved uncertainties are a good estimate of the true errors. The derived surface area densities (A), and volume densities (V ) tend to be closer to the correct solutions than the directly retrieved number density (N), median radius (R), and lognormal distribution width (S). Aerosol properties as retrieved from SAGE II measurements (recorded in 1999) are observed to be close to correlative in situ data. In many cases the OE and in situ data agree within the (OE and/or the in situ ) uncertainties. The retrieved error estimates are of the order of 69% (σN), 33% (σR), 14% (σS), 23% (σA), 12% (σV), and 13% (σReff ). The OE number densities are generally larger, and the OE median particle sizes are generally smaller than those N and R retrieved by Bingen et al. (2004a), who suggest that their results underestimate (N) or overestimate (R) correlative in situ data due to the 'small particle problem'. The OE surface area estimates are generally closer to correlative in situ profiles (courtesy of T. Deshler, University of Wyoming), and larger than Principal Component Analysis (PCA) retrieval solutions of A (courtesy of L. W. Thomason, NASA LaRC) that have been observed to underestimate correlative in situ data by 40-50%. These observations suggest that the new OE retrieval algorithm is a successful approach to the aerosol retrieval problem, which is able to add to the current knowledge by improving current estimates of aerosol properties in the lower stratosphere under low aerosol loading conditions.
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Li, Xihao. "Characterization of Perphenazine and Scopolamine Aerosols Generated Using the Capillary Aerosol Generator." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/901.

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The characterization of perphenazine and scopolamine aerosols generated using the capillary aerosol generator (CAG) was reported. Variables including steady state power, the formulation vehicle, the drug concentration and the formulation flow rate were studied for their effects on the chemical stability and particle size of these drug aerosols.Stability-indicating HPLC and LC-MS assays were developed and validated for perphenazine and scopolamine, respectively. The chemical stability of each compound was investigated under a variety of stress conditions and the structure of degradation products was proposed.Perphenazine aerosols were generated from propylene glycol (PG) formulations with concentrations of 9, 48 and 90mM at formulation flow rates of 2.5 and 5.0µL/s at a series of steady state powers. At higher aerosolization powers, the low concentration formulation (9mM) degraded with dehalogenation being the major pathway. The size of perphenazine aerosols was between 0.4 to 0.6µm. Changing the solute concentration produced only small changes (~0.2µm) in perphenazine aerosol particle size. The formulation flow rate did not significantly affect the aerosol size.Scopolamine degraded significantly when aerosolized in PG formulations. It was possible to generate chemically stable scopolamine aerosols from ethanol formulations. Significant amounts of degradation products were formed only at or above 4.6W at 5.0µL/s. Hydrolysis and dehydration appeared to be the major degradation pathways at higher powers and low formulation flow rate. The MMAD of scopolamine aerosols was between 0.5 and 2.0µm from 8, 20 and 40mM formulations at 5.0 and 10.0µL/s. The size of scopolamine aerosols increased as a function of increasing the solute concentration. Increasing the formulation flow rate increased the linear velocity of the spray, thus the Reynolds number was increased and smaller particles were generated.
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Posselt, Julia Rebekka. "Influence of giant sea salt aerosols on global precipitation and aerosol indirect effect /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17467.

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Books on the topic "Aerosoler"

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Anzengakari, Tokyo (Japan) Shōhisabu Keikaku Chōseishitsu Shōhin. Eazōru seihin no anzensei ni kansuru chōsa: Heisei 6-nendo itaku chōsa hōkokusho. Tōkyō-to Seikatsu Bunkakyoku Shōhishabu, 1995.

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Nagel, Dagmar. Analyse der optischen Eigenschaften des arktischen Aerosols =: Analysis of optical properties of Arctic aerosol. Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1999.

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Fortmann, Martin. Zum Einfluss troposphärischer Aerosole auf das Klima der Arktis =: Influence of tropospheric aerosols on the Arctic climate. Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2004.

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Chrubasik, Joachim, and Thomas Pasch, eds. Zur Therapie mit Aerosolen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74327-6.

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Sonderforschungsbereich 209--"Stoff- und Energietransport in Aerosolen". Workshop. Ultrafine aerosols, properties and behaviour: Proceedings of the First Workshop of the Sonderforchungsbereich 209 "Stoff- und Energietransport in Aerosolen" ("Mass and Energy Transfer in Aerosols"), September 29, 1986. Universität Duisburg, Sonderforschungsbereich 209, 1986.

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Ltd, Marketing Strategies for Industry (UK). Aerosols, UK. MSI, 1986.

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Radioactive aerosols. Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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Chamberlain, A. C. Radioactive aerosols. Cambridge University Press, 2004.

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Boucher, Olivier. Atmospheric Aerosols. Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9649-1.

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Valsaraj, Kalliat T., and Raghava R. Kommalapati, eds. Atmospheric Aerosols. American Chemical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aerosoler"

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Dajuma, Alima, Siélé Silué, Kehinde O. Ogunjobi, et al. "Biomass Burning Effects on the Climate over Southern West Africa During the Summer Monsoon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_86.

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AbstractBiomass Burning (BB) aerosol has attracted considerable attention due to its detrimental effects on climate through its radiative properties. In Africa, fire patterns are anticorrelated with the southward-northward movement of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Each year between June and September, BB occurs in the southern hemisphere of Africa, and aerosols are carried westward by the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and advected at an altitude of between 2 and 4 km. Observations made during a field campaign of Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) (Knippertz et al., Bull Am Meteorol Soc 96:1451–1460, 2015) during the West African Monsoon (WAM) of June–July 2016 have revealed large quantities of BB aerosols in the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) over southern West Africa (SWA).This chapter examines the effects of the long-range transport of BB aerosols on the climate over SWA by means of a modeling study, and proposes several adaptation and mitigation strategies for policy makers regarding this phenomenon. A high-resolution regional climate model, known as the Consortium for Small-scale Modelling – Aerosols and Reactive Traces (COSMO-ART) gases, was used to conduct two set of experiments, with and without BB emissions, to quantify their impacts on the SWA atmosphere. Results revealed a reduction in surface shortwave (SW) radiation of up to about 6.5 W m−2 and an 11% increase of Cloud Droplets Number Concentration (CDNC) over the SWA domain. Also, an increase of 12.45% in Particulate Matter (PM25) surface concentration was observed in Abidjan (9.75 μg m−3), Accra (10.7 μg m−3), Cotonou (10.7 μg m−3), and Lagos (8 μg m−3), while the carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratio increased by 90 ppb in Abidjan and Accra due to BB. Moreover, BB aerosols were found to contribute to a 70% increase of organic carbon (OC) below 1 km in the PBL, followed by black carbon (BC) with 24.5%. This work highlights the contribution of the long-range transport of BB pollutants to pollution levels in SWA and their effects on the climate. It focuses on a case study of 3 days (5–7 July 2016). However, more research on a longer time period is necessary to inform decision making properly.This study emphasizes the need to implement a long-term air quality monitoring system in SWA as a method of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
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Roedel, Walter. "Aerosole." In Physik unserer Umwelt: Die Atmosphäre. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09324-5_9.

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Roedel, Walter. "Aerosole." In Physik unserer Umwelt: Die Atmosphäre. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09325-2_9.

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Roedel, Walter. "Aerosole." In Physik unserer Umwelt: Die Atmosphäre. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12696-7_9.

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Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. "Aerosole." In MAK- und BAT-Werte-Liste 2015. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527694983.ch5.

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Roedel, Walter, and Thomas Wagner. "Aerosole." In Physik unserer Umwelt: Die Atmosphäre. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15729-5_9.

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Roedel, Walter, and Thomas Wagner. "Aerosole." In Physik unserer Umwelt: Die Atmosphäre. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54258-3_9.

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Krocova, Z., J. Krejci, M. Kroca, and A. Macela. "Measurement of Biological Aerosols in an Aerosol Chamber." In Rapid Methods for Analysis of Biological Materials in the Environment. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9534-6_16.

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Kahn, Ralph. "Aerosols." In Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_4.

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Raulin, François. "Aerosols." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_38-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Aerosoler"

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Ishikawa, Jun, and Yu Maruyama. "Analysis With ART Code for Adsorption of Molecular Iodine Onto Aerosols During Severe Accidents." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30152.

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Two tests performed in the THAI-2 project of the OECD/NEA on the adsorption of molecular iodine onto chemically inactive and active aerosols were analyzed with ART code for analysis of transportation of radioactive materials during a severe accident in order mainly to estimate adsorption velocities of I2 onto the aerosols. The results of the analysis for aerosol characteristics including airborne concentration and size distribution were reasonably agreed with the measured tendencies. The total surface areas of the aerosols, contributing to physisorption and chemisorption of I2, were evaluated to be comparable with the surface area of the THAI test vessel wall. It was found that, giving the adsorption velocity onto aerosol at 10−5 through 10−4 m/s, the decreasing tendency in the airborne concentration of I2 was well reproduced for the test with chemically inactive aerosol. The present analysis also indicated that the adsorption velocity in the test with chemically active aerosol was estimated to be larger than that in the test with chemically inactive aerosol by two orders.
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Zhou, Yanmin, Haifeng Gu, Qiunan Sun, et al. "Research on Deposition of Micro-Nano Aerosols in Rising Bubble Under Pool Scrubbing Condition." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81160.

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Aerosols as the main component of radioactive products in migration performance, which is an important factor that a unclear reactor accident present strong diffusion and affects the distributions of source and dose level in reactor containment, and they are therefore expected to be deposited in liquid phase such as in suspension pool and filtered containment venting device. In this paper, the deposition characteristics of micro-nano aerosols in rising bubble under pool scrubbing condition is studied with experiment, the aerosols size in the research range from 20 nm to 600 nm, and the bubble morphology mainly concern homogeneous bubbly flow. The results show that the deposition efficiency and mechanism of aerosol closely relate to gas flow rate, liquid level, particle size and bubbles size and so on. The aerosol deposition near 85nm is proved most difficult because of the convert of deposition mechanisms. In a high liquid level condition, micro-nano aerosol filtration efficiency is enhanced but gradually gradual. Under different gas flow rate, air bubble residence time and the bubble size distributions affect the filtration efficiency of aerosols.
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Gelain, Thomas, Emmanuel Porcheron, Christophe Chagnot, and Damien Roulet. "CFD Simulations of Aerosol Dispersion and Agglomeration During the Laser Cutting of Fukushima Fuel Debris Simulants." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-82408.

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The general context of this article is related to the development of the laser cutting technique for the fuel debris retrieval on the damaged reactors of Fukushima Daiichi. IRSN is involved in a project led by ONET with CEA, to bring relevant elements to analyze the risk occurred by the dispersion of aerosols emitted by the dismantling operations. In this context, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations of dispersion of aerosols (including the transport, the deposition on the walls and the agglomeration), emitted during laser cutting of non-radioactive fuel debris simulants undertaken on the DELIA cutting laser platform from CEA, have been conducted. Indeed, evaluating the amount of aerosols likely to deposit on the walls and those to be released into the environment is one of the key safety issues in the dismantling actions of reactors of Fukushima Daiichi. The CFD simulations have been carried out with the commercial code ANSYS CFX in which models of aerosol transport and deposition, developed and validated by IRSN, have been implemented. In a first time, airflow simulations have allowed to visualize the flow in the vessel of the DELIA laser cutting facility from CEA by the way of streamlines before injecting aerosols. Aerosol input data (size and morphology) have been acquired by IRSN team on the DELIA facility during the laser cutting of non-radioactive simulants of fuel debris for air and underwater configurations. Those simulants of fuel debris are representative of the fuel debris present in the Fukushima reactors [1]. The simulation results allow to obtain the cartography of the aerosol deposition in the vessel for different aerosol sizes and to evaluate the amount of dispersed aerosols. These simulations also show the time evolution of the aerosols properties with the agglomeration phenomena that can influence their size evolution and therefore their dispersion and deposition. Similar simulations have also been carried out on the geometry of a Fukushima Daiichi reactor pedestal in which laser cutting could be performed. This paper presents the aerosol dispersion simulations, the model implemented for aerosol transport and deposition as well as for agglomeration, and finally a comparison with experimental data presented in a companion paper (ICONE26-81531).
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Zhang, Wei, Fenglei Niu, Houbo Qi, and Zhangpeng Guo. "Numerical Simulation of Radiation Aerosol Collection in Mesoscopic Impactor Filters." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66598.

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Typically, the concentration of natural radioactive aerosols in the containment vessel of nuclear power plant is low and in equilibrium. But when a serious nuclear accident occurred, the massive radioactive aerosols would be rapidly released. In order to ensure the integrality of the containment, the pressure inside the containment must be reduced by reducing the concentration of the aerosol. It can cause a serious damage to the atmospheric environment if such radioactive aerosol directly release. In this paper a new mesoscopic impactor filter has been developed which not only can filtrate and collect the aerosol particles but also can decrease the flowing resistance of gas. This paper intends to make numerical simulation to study the regularity of the deposition of aerosols under the laminar condition at different working condition in mesoscopic impactor filters. The 3D model of the filter was established with the commercial software of ICEM CFD and the meshes were divided accurately. The gas phase uses the laminar model and the particles use DPM (Discrete Phase Model). The detailed modeling method is given and the simulation results are analyzed.
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Sengupta, Manajit, and Michael Wagner. "Estimating Atmospheric Attenuation in Central Receiver Systems." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91229.

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Atmospheric attenuation loss between a heliostat field and receiver has been recognized as a significant source of loss in Central Receiver System. Methods that can improve estimation of attenuation loss using available measurements will be useful in reducing uncertainty in estimation of CSP plant production, particularly in locations and climates that differ in atmospheric composition from typical arid desert locations. In clear sky situations, Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) is primarily impacted by aerosols in the atmosphere. Aerosols extinct direct radiation with the photons either being absorbed or scattered based on the aerosols optical characteristics. As aerosol loading is high close to the surface, the attenuation loss between heliostat and receivers is significantly influenced by amount of aerosols present on a particular day. The purpose of the study is to understand the impact of aerosols on attenuation loss and model this loss as a function of the ratio of measured DNI to a calculated DNI for an “aerosol-free” atmosphere. The assumption here is that the reduction in clear sky DNI due to aerosols when compared to a theoretical “clean environment” value can provide valuable information about aerosol loading at the surface and therefore attenuation loss between heliostat and receiver. Preliminary analysis shows that such an approach is viable. Historically, human observers have measured visibility on a daily basis. While these observations are subject to varying levels of uncertainty they may be a good indicator of atmospheric attenuation between heliostat and receiver. In this paper we will review historical and recent publications to show how visibility observations contain useful information for estimating attenuation loss in central receiver systems. We will also present a simple relationship that uses visibility observations to estimate heliostat to receiver attenuation for varying separation distances.
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Fu, Yaru, Jun Geng, Dawei Sun, Qiliang Mei, Gaofeng Huang, and Nan Pan. "Research on Method and Characteristics of Aerosol Natural Removal in Containment After Accidents." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66558.

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For passive nuclear power plants, the radioactive aerosols in containment are removed by natural processes after accidents. These processes have high reliability. However, it is very complicated to analyze the behaviors of aerosols in natural processes. The dominant processes include coagulation, sedimentation, diffusionphoresis, and themophoresis. The main work of this paper is summarized as follows: (1) To determine methods of analysis radioactive aerosol natural removal coefficient in containment. (2) To complete comparative analysis natural removal processes to AP1000 and CAP1400 after LOCA. (3) A comprehensive sensitivity analysis is carried out for a number of parameters, including containment free volume, sedimentation area, aerosol size, packing fraction, mass ratio of radioactive and nonradioactive aerosol, and steam condensation rate etc, (4) To complete comparative analysis of natural removal processes between core meltdown and non-meltdown accident sequence after LOCA. The results show that, (1) Removal coefficient by sedimentation of CAP1400 is larger than AP1000, removal coefficient by diffusionphoresis and themophoresis of CAP1400 also smaller than AP1000. (2) In general, the greater the containment free containment, the smaller the aerosol natural removal coefficient, and the greater aerosol size, the more the amount of aerosol removed by sedimentation, in the case of other parameters unchanged. (3) The removal coefficients have few differences after core meltdown and non-meltdown accidents.
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Sun, HaoMin, Shinichi Machida, Yasuteru Sibamoto, Yuria Okagaki, and Taisuke Yonomoto. "Experimental Investigation on Dependence of Decontamination Factor on Aerosol Number Concentration in Pool Scrubbing Under Normal Temperature and Pressure." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81638.

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During a severe accident of a nuclear reactor, radioactive aerosols may be released from degraded nuclear fuels. Pool scrubbing is one of the efficient filters with a high aerosol removal efficiency, in other words a high decontamination factor (DF). Because of its high performance, many pool scrubbing experiments have been performed and several pool scrubbing models have been proposed. In the existing pool scrubbing experiments, an experimental condition of aerosol number concentration was seldom taken into account. It is probably because DF is assumed to be independent of aerosol number concentration, at least, in the concentration where aerosol coagulation is limited. The existing pool scrubbing models also follow this assumption. In order to verify this assumption, we performed a pool scrubbing experiment with different aerosol number concentrations under the same boundary conditions. The test section is a transparent polycarbonate pipe with an inner diameter of 0.2 m. 0.5 μm SiO2 particles were used as aerosols. As a result, DF was increasing as decreasing the aerosol number concentration. In order to ensure a reliability of this result, three validation tests were performed with meticulous care. According to the results of these validation tests, it was indicated that DF dependence on the aerosol concentration was not because of our experimental system error including measurement instruments but a real phenomenon of the pool scrubbing.
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Huiyu, Yu, Gu Haifeng, Chen Junyan, and Sun Zhongning. "Development of a Simplified Model for Aerosol Removal by Spray System of Containment." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16353.

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Abstract The containment spray system is of great importance for the nuclear power plant to reduce the pressure and temperature, as well as concentration of radioactive aerosols released from reactor core under the severe accident. The main aim of present study is to develop a simplified model for aerosol removal by spray system, the model is employed to predict the variation of aerosol concentration in containment and reveal the key mechanism influencing aerosol removal. In the present model, the air flow entrained by spraying droplet is considered which is computed by solving simplified one-dimension momentum equations rather than the standard N-S equation. For the validation of the model, a small size sprinkle experiment facility is built. The facility is equipped with non-intrusive instruments such as particle size spectrometer for aerosol spectrum measurement, HELOS/R for measuring the droplet spectrum. The result of aerosol removal of the present model is compared with the result of the full coverage model and the experimental result. In the experiment, polydisperse aerosol is used and the removal rate of aerosols with different sizes is compared against the result of the present model and the full coverage model. The velocity of entrained gas flow and the distribution of droplets are displayed. The computational result reveals the aerosol removal constant distribution along the height.
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Porcheron, Emmanuel, Samuel Peillon, Thomas Gelain, Christophe Chagnot, Christophe Journeau, and Damien Roulet. "Analysis of Aerosol Emission and Dispersion During the Laser Cutting of Fukushima Fuel Debris Simulants." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81531.

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The general context of the article is related to the development of the laser cutting technique for the fuel debris retrieval on the damaged reactors of Fukushima Dai-ichi. IRSN and CEA are involved in a project, led by ONET, to bring relevant elements to analyze the risk occurred by the dispersion of aerosols emitted by the dismantling operations. Results regarding the aerosols source term characterization emitted during laser cutting of non-radioactive fuel debris simulants were acquired during experiments undertaken on the DELIA cutting laser platform from CEA. IRSN realized aerosol sampling, aerosol size distribution measurement and CFD calculation of aerosol transport and wall deposition. The evaluations performed will enable the Japanese teams responsible for extracting corium from the damaged reactors of Fukushima Dai-ichi to define the best strategies to implement containment, and ultimately to limit the dissemination of radionuclides in the environment.
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Hoey, Justin M., Sourin Bhattacharya, Artur Lutfurakhmanov, Michael Robinson, Orven F. Swenson, and Iskander S. Akhatov. "High-Speed Aerosol Flow Through Micro-Nozzles for Direct-Write Processes." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65271.

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Aerosol direct-write printing for mesoscale features has been commercially available since around 2002 from Optomec®. We have developed variances to this process first in Collimated Aerosol Beam-Direct Write (CAB-DW) for printing sub-10 μm features and in Micro Cold Spray for printing with solid metallic aerosols. These deposition tools offer extensive uses, but are still limited in certain applications by either line widths or the amount of overspray. Modeling of aerosol flow through micro-nozzles used in these applications yields a greater understanding of the focusing of these aerosol particles, and may provide a vehicle for new nozzle designs which will further enhance these tools. Recent modeling applied both Stokes and Saffman force to the aerosol particles. Under certain conditions particle rotation and Magnus force may also be necessary to accurately predict the aerosol particles. In this paper we will present our recent results of high-speed flow of 1–10 μm diameter aerosol particles through micro-nozzles in which the model includes all three forces (Stokes, Saffman, Magnus) of fluid-particle interaction, and a comparison of these results to experiments.
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Reports on the topic "Aerosoler"

1

Seinfield, John H. Marine Aerosols: Hygroscopocity and Aerosol-Cloud Relationships. Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada557147.

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Seinfeld, John H. Marine Aerosols: Hygroscopocity and Aerosol-Cloud Relationships. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada574144.

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Uin, J., and S. Smith. Mobile Aerosol Observing System – Aerosols (MAOS-A) Instrument Handbook. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1740015.

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Brockmann, J. E., D. A. Lucero, T. Romero, and G. Pentecost. Calibration of the On-Line Aerosol Monitor (OLAM) with ammonium chloride and sodium chloride aerosols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10119574.

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Moore, Murray E. Radioactive aerosols training. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1435505.

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Hoppel, William A., and James W. Fitzgerald. Coastal Aerosol Characterization. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629257.

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Venzie, J. eDPS Aerosol Collection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1224026.

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Rader, D., and L. Mondy. Aerosol Dynamics Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6971850.

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Cristy, G. A. Emergency Protection from Aerosols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/788898.

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Dubey, Manvendra, Allison Aiken, Larry Berg, Andrew Freedman, and Kyle Gorkowski. Two-Column Aerosol Project: Aerosol Light Extinction Measurements Field Campaign Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1324987.

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