Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aerosols Atmospheric radiation

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Academic literature on the topic 'Aerosols Atmospheric radiation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Aerosols Atmospheric radiation"

1

Huang, J., Q. Fu, J. Su, Q. Tang, P. Minnis, Y. Hu, Y. Yi, and Q. Zhao. "Taklimakan dust aerosol radiative heating derived from CALIPSO observations using the Fu-Liou radiation model with CERES constraints." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 12 (June 18, 2009): 4011–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4011-2009.

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Abstract. The dust aerosol radiative forcing and heating rate over the Taklimakan Desert in Northwestern China in July 2006 are estimated using the Fu-Liou radiative transfer model along with satellite observations. The vertical distributions of the dust aerosol extinction coefficient are derived from the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) lidar measurements. The CERES (Cloud and the Earth's Energy Budget Scanner) measurements of reflected solar radiation are used to constrain the dust aerosol type in the radiative transfer model, which determines the dust aerosol single-scattering albedo and asymmetry factor as well as the aerosol optical properties' spectral dependencies. We find that the dust aerosols have a significant impact on the radiative energy budget over the Taklimakan desert. In the atmospheres containing light, moderate and heavy dust layers, the dust aerosols heat the atmosphere (daily mean) by up to 1, 2, and 3 K day−1, respectively. The maximum daily mean radiative heating rate reaches 5.5 K day−1 at 5 km on 29 July. The averaged daily mean net radiative effect of the dust are 44.4, −41.9, and 86.3 W m−2, respectively, at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), surface, and in the atmosphere. Among these effects about two thirds of the warming effect at the TOA is related to the longwave radiation, while about 90% of the atmospheric warming is contributed by the solar radiation. At the surface, about one third of the dust solar radiative cooling effect is compensated by its longwave warming effect. The large modifications of radiative energy budget by the dust aerosols over Taklimakan Desert should have important implications for the atmospheric circulation and regional climate, topics for future investigations.
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2

Tian, Pengfei, Lei Zhang, Xianjie Cao, Naixiu Sun, Xinyue Mo, Jiening Liang, Xuetao Li, Xingai Gao, Beidou Zhang, and Hongbin Wang. "Enhanced Bottom-of-the-Atmosphere Cooling and Atmosphere Heating Efficiency by Mixed-Type Aerosols: A Classification Based on Aerosol Nonsphericity." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 1 (January 2018): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-17-0019.1.

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The current understanding of the climate effects of mixed-type aerosols is an open question. The optical and radiative properties of the anthropogenic, mixed-type, and dust aerosols were studied using simultaneous observations of a sun photometer and a depolarization lidar over the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL), northwestern China. The aerosol radiative effect was calculated using the Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model and was in good agreement with the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) product. The anthropogenic, mixed-type, and dust aerosols were identified mainly based on the lidar-measured depolarization ratio, which was supported by the airmass back trajectories. The mixed-type aerosols exhibit lower (higher) extinctions below (above) 1.5 km above the ground, indicating anthropogenic pollution from the atmospheric boundary layer and dust aerosols above. The dust aerosols exhibit the highest absolute radiative effect because of the highest aerosol loading. However, the mixed-type aerosols are effective in both scattering and absorbing solar radiation, leading to the highest cooling efficiency at the bottom of the atmosphere (BOA), 7.4% and 6.5% higher than those of the anthropogenic and dust aerosols, respectively. The mixed-type aerosols exhibit the highest warming efficiency in the atmosphere (ATM), 20.8% and 28.2% higher than the anthropogenic and dust aerosols, respectively. The mixed-type aerosols also show the lowest cooling efficiency at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). The results suggest the necessity of carefully characterizing the mixed-type aerosols in atmospheric numerical models to more precisely assess the energy budget of the Earth–atmosphere system.
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3

Persad, Geeta G., David J. Paynter, Yi Ming, and V. Ramaswamy. "Competing Atmospheric and Surface-Driven Impacts of Absorbing Aerosols on the East Asian Summertime Climate." Journal of Climate 30, no. 22 (November 2017): 8929–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0860.1.

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East Asia has some of the largest concentrations of absorbing aerosols globally, and these, along with the region’s scattering aerosols, have both reduced the amount of solar radiation reaching Earth’s surface regionally (solar dimming) and increased shortwave absorption within the atmosphere, particularly during the peak months of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). This study analyzes how atmospheric absorption and surface solar dimming compete in driving the response of regional summertime climate to anthropogenic aerosols, which dominates, and why—issues of particular importance for predicting how East Asian climate will respond to projected changes in absorbing and scattering aerosol emissions in the future. These questions are probed in a state-of-the-art general circulation model using a combination of realistic and novel idealized aerosol perturbations that allow analysis of the relative influence of absorbing aerosols’ atmospheric and surface-driven impacts on regional circulation and climate. Results show that even purely absorption-driven dimming decreases EASM precipitation by cooling the land surface, counteracting climatological land–sea contrast and reducing ascending atmospheric motion and onshore winds, despite the associated positive top-of-the-atmosphere regional radiative forcing. Absorption-driven atmospheric heating does partially offset the precipitation and surface evaporation reduction from surface dimming, but the overall response to aerosol absorption more closely resembles the response to its surface dimming than to its atmospheric heating. These findings provide a novel decomposition of absorbing aerosol’s impacts on regional climate and demonstrate that the response cannot be expected to follow the sign of absorption’s top-of-the-atmosphere or even atmospheric radiative perturbation.
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Hatzianastassiou, N., C. Matsoukas, A. Fotiadi, P. Koepke, K. G. Pavlakis, and I. Vardavas. "Modelling the direct effect of aerosols in the solar near-infrared on a planetary scale." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 12 (June 25, 2007): 3211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3211-2007.

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Abstract. We used a spectral radiative transfer model to compute the direct radiative effect (DRE) of natural plus anthropogenic aerosols in the solar near-infrared (IR), between 0.85–10 μm, namely, their effect on the outgoing near-IR radiation at the top of atmosphere (TOA, ΔFTOA), on the atmospheric absorption of near-IR radiation (ΔFatmab) and on the surface downward and absorbed near-IR radiation (ΔFsurf, and ΔFsurfnet, respectively). The computations were performed on a global scale (over land and ocean) under all-sky conditions, using detailed spectral aerosol optical properties taken from the Global Aerosol Data Set (GADS) supplemented by realistic data for the rest of surface and atmospheric parameters. The computed aerosol DRE, averaged over the 12-year period 1984–1995 for January and July, shows that on a global mean basis aerosols produce a planetary cooling by increasing the scattered near-IR radiation back to space by 0.48 W m−2, they warm the atmosphere by 0.37 W m−2 and cool the surface by decreasing the downward and absorbed near-IR radiation at surface by 1.03 and 0.85 W m−2, respectively. The magnitude of the near-IR aerosol DRE is smaller than that of the combined ultraviolet (UV) and visible DRE, but it is still energetically important, since it contributes to the total shortwave (SW) DRE by 22–31%. The aerosol-produced near-IR surface cooling combined with the atmospheric warming, may affect the thermal dynamics of the Earth-atmosphere system, by increasing the atmospheric stability, decreasing thus cloud formation, and precipitation, especially over desertification threatened regions such as the Mediterranean basin. This, together with the fact that the sign of near-IR aerosol DRE is sometimes opposite to that of UV-visible DRE, demonstrates the importance of performing detailed spectral computations to provide estimates of the climatic role of aerosols for the Earth-atmosphere system. This was demonstrated by sensitivity tests revealing very large differences (up to 300%) between aerosol DREs computed using detailed spectral and spectrally-averaged aerosol optical properties. Our model results indicate thus that the aerosol direct radiative effect on the near-IR radiation is very sensitive to the treatment of the spectral dependence of aerosol optical properties and solar radiation.
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5

Randles, C. A., S. Kinne, G. Myhre, M. Schulz, P. Stier, J. Fischer, L. Doppler, et al. "Intercomparison of shortwave radiative transfer schemes in global aerosol modeling: results from the AeroCom Radiative Transfer Experiment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2013): 2347–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2347-2013.

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Abstract. In this study we examine the performance of 31 global model radiative transfer schemes in cloud-free conditions with prescribed gaseous absorbers and no aerosols (Rayleigh atmosphere), with prescribed scattering-only aerosols, and with more absorbing aerosols. Results are compared to benchmark results from high-resolution, multi-angular line-by-line radiation models. For purely scattering aerosols, model bias relative to the line-by-line models in the top-of-the atmosphere aerosol radiative forcing ranges from roughly −10 to 20%, with over- and underestimates of radiative cooling at lower and higher solar zenith angle, respectively. Inter-model diversity (relative standard deviation) increases from ~10 to 15% as solar zenith angle decreases. Inter-model diversity in atmospheric and surface forcing decreases with increased aerosol absorption, indicating that the treatment of multiple-scattering is more variable than aerosol absorption in the models considered. Aerosol radiative forcing results from multi-stream models are generally in better agreement with the line-by-line results than the simpler two-stream schemes. Considering radiative fluxes, model performance is generally the same or slightly better than results from previous radiation scheme intercomparisons. However, the inter-model diversity in aerosol radiative forcing remains large, primarily as a result of the treatment of multiple-scattering. Results indicate that global models that estimate aerosol radiative forcing with two-stream radiation schemes may be subject to persistent biases introduced by these schemes, particularly for regional aerosol forcing.
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Chung, Chul E., Jung-Eun Chu, Yunha Lee, Twan van Noije, Hwayoung Jeoung, Kyung-Ja Ha, and Marguerite Marks. "Global fine-mode aerosol radiative effect, as constrained by comprehensive observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 13 (July 4, 2016): 8071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8071-2016.

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Abstract. Aerosols directly affect the radiative balance of the Earth through the absorption and scattering of solar radiation. Although the contributions of absorption (heating) and scattering (cooling) of sunlight have proved difficult to quantify, the consensus is that anthropogenic aerosols cool the climate, partially offsetting the warming by rising greenhouse gas concentrations. Recent estimates of global direct anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing (i.e., global radiative forcing due to aerosol–radiation interactions) are −0.35 ± 0.5 W m−2, and these estimates depend heavily on aerosol simulation. Here, we integrate a comprehensive suite of satellite and ground-based observations to constrain total aerosol optical depth (AOD), its fine-mode fraction, the vertical distribution of aerosols and clouds, and the collocation of clouds and overlying aerosols. We find that the direct fine-mode aerosol radiative effect is −0.46 W m−2 (−0.54 to −0.39 W m−2). Fine-mode aerosols include sea salt and dust aerosols, and we find that these natural aerosols result in a very large cooling (−0.44 to −0.26 W m−2) when constrained by observations. When the contribution of these natural aerosols is subtracted from the fine-mode radiative effect, the net becomes −0.11 (−0.28 to +0.05) W m−2. This net arises from total (natural + anthropogenic) carbonaceous, sulfate and nitrate aerosols, which suggests that global direct anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing is less negative than −0.35 W m−2.
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7

Yuan, Yuan, Xing Huang, Yong Shuai, and Qian-Jun Mao. "Study on the Influence of Aerosol Radiation Balance in One-Dimensional Atmospheric Medium UsingPn-Approximation Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/767231.

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A numerical study, used for the influence of aerosol on the atmospheric radiation transfer, is conducted in this paper. Based on the established atmospheric radiation transfer model, we calculated the effect of species, concentration, and height distribution of aerosols on atmosphere radiation. The calculation results show that the aerosol particles affect the atmospheric radiation balance greatly and thus are the important component of the radiation balance of the earth-troposphere system.
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8

Huang, J., Q. Fu, J. Su, Q. Tang, P. Minnis, Y. Hu, Y. Yi, and Q. Zhao. "Taklimakan dust aerosol radiative heating derived from CALIPSO observations using the Fu-Liou radiation model with CERES constraints." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 2 (March 5, 2009): 5967–6001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-5967-2009.

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Abstract. The dust aerosol radiative forcing and heating rate over the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China in July 2006 are estimated using the Fu-Liou radiative transfer model along with satellite observations. The vertical distributions of the dust aerosol extinction coefficient are derived from the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) lidar measurements. The CERES (Cloud and the Earth's Energy Budget Scanner) measurements of reflected solar radiation are used to constrain the dust aerosol type in the radiative transfer model, which determines the dust aerosol single-scattering albedo and asymmetry factor as well as the aerosol optical properties spectral dependencies. We find that the dust aerosol radiative heating and effect have a significant impact on the energy budget over the Taklimakan desert. In the atmospheres containing light, moderate and heavy dust layers, the dust aerosols heat the atmosphere by up to 1, 2, and 3 K day−1, respectively. The maximum daily mean radiative heating rate reaches 5.5 K day−1 at 5 km on 29 July. The averaged daily mean net radiative effect of the dust are 44.4, −41.9, and 86.3 W m−2, respectively, at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), surface, and in the atmosphere. Among these effects about two thirds of the warming effect at the TOA is related to the longwave radiation, while about 90% of the atmospheric warming is contributed by the solar radiation. At the surface, about one third of the dust solar radiative cooling effect is compensated by its longwave warming effect. The large modifications of radiative energy budget by the dust aerosols over Taklimakan Desert should have important implications for the atmospheric circulation and regional climate, topics for future investigations.
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9

Randles, C. A., S. Kinne, G. Myhre, M. Schulz, P. Stier, J. Fischer, L. Doppler, et al. "Intercomparison of shortwave radiative transfer schemes in global aerosol modeling: results from the AeroCom Radiative Transfer Experiment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 12 (December 19, 2012): 32631–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-32631-2012.

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Abstract. In this study we examine the performance of 31 global model radiative transfer schemes in cloud-free conditions with prescribed gaseous absorbers and no aerosols (Rayleigh atmosphere), with prescribed scattering-only aerosols, and with more absorbing aerosols. Results are compared to benchmark results from high-resolution, multi-angular line-by-line radiation models. For purely scattering aerosols, model bias relative to the line-by-line models in the top-of-the atmosphere aerosol radiative forcing ranges from roughly −10 to 20%, with over- and underestimates of radiative cooling at higher and lower sun elevation, respectively. Inter-model diversity (relative standard deviation) increases from ~10 to 15% as sun elevation increases. Inter-model diversity in atmospheric and surface forcing decreases with increased aerosol absorption, indicating that the treatment of multiple-scattering is more variable than aerosol absorption in the models considered. Aerosol radiative forcing results from multi-stream models are generally in better agreement with the line-by-line results than the simpler two-stream schemes. Considering radiative fluxes, model performance is generally the same or slightly better than results from previous radiation scheme intercomparisons. However, the inter-model diversity in aerosol radiative forcing remains large, primarily as a result of the treatment of multiple-scattering. Results indicate that global models that estimate aerosol radiative forcing with two-stream radiation schemes may be subject to persistent biases introduced by these schemes, particularly for regional aerosol forcing.
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10

Wang, H., G. Y. Shi, X. Y. Zhang, S. L. Gong, S. C. Tan, B. Chen, H. Z. Che, and T. Li. "Mesoscale modelling study of the interactions between aerosols and PBL meteorology during a haze episode in China Jing–Jin–Ji and its near surrounding region – Part 2: Aerosols' radiative feedback effects." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 6 (March 23, 2015): 3277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3277-2015.

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Abstract. Two model experiments, namely a control (CTL) experiment without aerosol–radiation feedbacks and a experiment with online aerosol–radiation (RAD) interactions, were designed to study the radiative feedback on regional radiation budgets, planetary boundary layer (PBL) meteorology and haze formation due to aerosols during haze episodes over Jing–Jin–Ji, China, and its near surroundings (3JNS region of China: Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, East Shanxi, West Shandong and North Henan) with a two-way atmospheric chemical transport model. The impact of aerosols on solar radiation reaching Earth's surface, outgoing long-wave emission at the top of the atmosphere, air temperature, PBL turbulence diffusion, PBL height, wind speeds, air pressure pattern and PM2.5 has been studied focusing on a haze episode during the period from 7 to 11 July 2008. The results show that the mean solar radiation flux that reaches the ground decreases by about 15% in 3JNS and 20 to 25%in the region with the highest aerosol optical depth during the haze episode. The fact that aerosol cools the PBL atmosphere but warms the atmosphere above it leads to a more stable atmospheric stratification over the region, which causes a decrease in turbulence diffusion of about 52% and a decrease in the PBL height of about 33%. This consequently forms a positive feedback on the particle concentration within the PBL and the surface as well as the haze formation. Additionally, aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF) increases PBL wind speed by about 9% and weakens the subtropical high by about 14 hPa, which aids the collapse of haze pollution and results in a negative feedback to the haze episode. The synthetic impacts from the two opposite feedbacks result in about a 14% increase in surface PM2.5. However, the persistence time of both high PM2.5 and haze pollution is not affected by the aerosol DRF. On the contrary over offshore China, aerosols heat the PBL atmosphere and cause unstable atmospheric stratification, but the impact and its feedback on the planetary boundary layer height, turbulence diffusion and wind is weak, with the exception of the evident impacts on the subtropical high.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aerosols Atmospheric radiation"

1

Gautam, Ritesh. "Aerosol-radiation-climate interactions over the Gangetic-Himalayan region." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3353.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.
Vita: p. 167. Thesis director: Menas Kafatos. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Earth Systems an GeoInformation Sciences. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-166). Also issued in print.
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2

Estupin, Jeral Garcia. "The Direct Influence of Aerosols on UV Irradiance and the Development of a Synthetic Current UV Index." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11602.

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The extinction of solar radiation by atmospheric aerosols influences the Ultraviolet (UV) flux at the surface, which in turn has implications on both human and environmental health. In this study we present measurements of aerosol optical depth ( and #964;a) in the UV at Boulder, Colorado and Atlanta, Georgia using direct measurements of solar UV radiation. The wavelength dependence of and #964;a and the single scattering albedo ( and #969;o) are determined from the measured values of and #964;a. Daily averages of and #964;a range between 0.09 and 0.52 at Boulder and between 0.23 and 2.09 for Atlanta between the wavelengths of 332 and 340 nm. The average ngstrm exponent ( and #945;) is 0.83 at Boulder and 1.43 in Atlanta. Results clearly show that aerosols have a significant effect on the UV Index. Day-to-day changes in the UV index during the one month measurement period in Atlanta range between 2-3 UV Index units at solar noon. It is estimated that when changes in and #964;a and and #969;o occur simultaneously, the UV Index can change up to 6 units from one day to the next at solar noon in the Atlanta area. The single scattering albedo ( and #969;o) was estimated to range between 0.8 and 0.99 for Atlanta. The results suggest an increasing trend in and #969;o with increases in and #964;a. In addition, a new synthetic current UV Index is developed which expands to nearly 10,000 cities the number of current UV Index reports that can be distributed to the public in the United States. Right now, current UV Index values are limited to specific UV measuring sites, constrained by the difficulties of maintaining accurate calibration within the network of UV instruments. The distribution of UV Index values to more cities will increase the publics awareness of the harmful effects of the sun. This new UV Index can be accessed through The Weather Channel website.
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Crahan, Kathleen Keara. "The thermodynamic and kinetic impacts of organics on marine aerosols /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10095.

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Conant, William Christopher. "Interactions between aerosol, water vapor, and solar radiation /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3025938.

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Xu, Jin. "Direct aerosol radiative forcing based on measurements of aerosol radiative, chemical and physical properties in China." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20173.

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Lathem, Terry Lee. "On the water uptake of atmospheric aerosol particles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50112.

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The feedbacks among aerosols, clouds, and radiation are important components for understanding Earth's climate system and quantifying human-induced climate change, yet the magnitude of these feedbacks remain highly uncertain. Since every cloud droplet in the atmosphere begins with water condensing on a pre-existing aerosol particle, characterizing the ability of aerosols to uptake water vapor and form cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are key to understanding the microphysics behind cloud formation, as well as assess the impact aerosols have on the Earth system. Through a combination of controlled laboratory experiments and field measurements, this thesis characterizes the ability of atmospheric aerosols to uptake water vapor and become CCN at controlled levels of water vapor supersaturation. The origin of the particle water uptake, termed hygroscopicity, is also explored, being from either the presence of deliquescent soluble material and/or adsorption onto insoluble surfaces. The data collected and presented is comprehensive and includes (1) ground samples of volcanic ash, collected from six recent eruptions re-suspended in the laboratory for analysis, (2) laboratory chamber and flow-tube studies on the oxidation and uptake of surface active organic compounds, and (3) in-situ aircraft measurements of aerosols from the Arctic background, Canadian boreal forests, fresh and aged biomass burning, anthropogenic industrial pollution, and from within tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin. Having a more thorough understanding of aerosol water uptake will enable more accurate representation of cloud droplet number concentrations in global models, which can have important implications on reducing the uncertainty of aerosol-cloud-climate interactions, as well as additional uncertainties in aerosol transport, atmospheric lifetime, and impact on storm dynamics.
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Sanchez, Romero Alejandro. "Sunshine duration as a proxy of the atmospheric aerosol content." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/394045.

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One of the most important radiative properties of aerosols is their optical thickness (AOD), which is closely linked to the total burden of atmospheric aerosols. On the contrary, we do avail of long time series of sunshine duration (SD) measurements, which is defined as the total time length of those sub-periods for which the direct solar irradiance exceeds a certain threshold. In the past, the Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder (CSSR) has been the most common instrument for measuring SD. Specifically, SD is obtained measuring the length of the burn produced on a cardboard. The principal goal of the present thesis is to investigate the suitability of sunshine observations, as well as the width of the burn on the cards, for detecting changes in atmospheric aerosol load for both high time resolution and long time scales. The initial hypothesis is that an increase of AOD reduces both SD and the burn width.
Una de les propietats radiatives més importants dels aerosols atmosfèrics és el seu espessor òptic (AOD), que està molt vinculat a la càrrega total d’aerosols en l’atmosfera. Per altra banda, existeixen llargues series temporals d’insolació (SD), que es defineix com la suma de subperíodes en què la irradiància solar directa excedeix un cert llindar. En el passat, l’heliògraf Campbell-Stokes ha estat l’instrument més comú per la mesura de SD, obtinguda a partir de la longitud de la cremada produïda en una banda de cartolina. L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi ha estat investigar la idoneïtat de la utilització de mesures de SD, així com l’amplada de les cremades en les cartolines, per tal de detectar canvis en la càrrega d’aerosols atmosfèrics, tant en alta resolució temporal com en llargues escales temporals, partint de la hipòtesis de que un augment de l’AOD redueix tant la mesura de SD com l’ample de la cremada.
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Boer, Gregory Jon. "Investigation of high spectral resolution signatures and radiative forcing of tropospheric aerosol in the thermal infrared." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34001.

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An investigation of the high spectral resolution signatures and radiative forcing of tropospheric aerosol in the thermal infrared was conducted. To do so and to support advanced modeling of optical properties, a high spectral resolution library of atmospheric aerosol optical constants was developed. This library includes new optical constants of sulfate-nitrate-ammonium aqueous solutions and the collection of a broad range of existing optical constants for aerosol components, particularly mineral optical constants. The mineral optical constants were used to model and study infrared dust optical signatures as a function of composition, size, shape and mixing state. In particular, spherical and non-spherical optical models of dust particles were examined and compared to high spectral resolution laboratory extinction measurements. Then the performance of some of the most common effective medium approximations for internal mixtures was examined by modeling the optical constants of the newly determined sulfate-nitrate-ammonium mixtures. The optical signature analysis was applied to airborne and satellite high spectral resolution thermal infrared radiance data impacted by Saharan dust events. A new technique to retrieve dust microphysical properties from the dust spectral signature was developed and compared to a standard technique. The microphysics retrieved from this new technique and from a standard technique were then used to investigate the effects of dust on radiative forcing and cooling rates in the thermal IR.
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Nascimento, Cristina Rodrigues. "Correção atmosferica de imagens do sensor AVHRR/NOAA utilizando produtos atmosfericos do sensor MODIS/TERRA." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257080.

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Orientador: Jurandir Zullo Junior
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: O sensoriamento remoto nas regiões espectrais do visível e do infravermelho próximo constitui uma das ferramentas mais importantes para o entendimento da biosfera e de suas dinâmicas. Entretanto, estas duas regiões são afetadas pelos efeitos atmosféricos tais como, o espalhamento e a absorção,ocasionados por sua vez pelos aerossóis e gases atmosféricos. Na tentativa de obter o fator de reflectância bi-direcional da superfície terrestre, nos canais 1 e 2 do sensor AVHRR, foi realizada a correção atmosférica, baseada na entrada de dados, tais como espessura óptica dos aerossóis, coluna total de vapor d?água e carga total de ozônio, respectivamente fornecidos pelo sensor MODIS. O intuito da utilização deste sensor está diretamente relacionado à obtenção das informações, necessários para a correção atmosférica, considerando-se a variabilidade dos parâmetros no tempo e no espaço. Para tanto foi utilizado o aplicativo SCORADIS, fundamentado no modelo de transferência radiativa 5S, então adaptado, para possibilitar a correção atmosférica de toda a imagem do AVHRR a partir da entrada das imagens correspondentes aos planos atmosféricos, através da utilização de quatro metodologias distintas de correção atmosférica. As análises realizadas indicaram que as correções realizadas a partir dos dados atmosféricos do sensor MODIS apresentaram resultados coerentes com o esperado após a eliminação dos efeitos de espalhamento e de absorção atmosférica, nos canais 1 e 2 do NOAA-17, nas duas datas consideradas (14/07/2004 e 30/08/2005). Para o NDVI, a diferença percentual entre as imagens com e sem correção chegaram a ser de, aproximadamente, 60%, o que ressalta a importância da correção atmosférica destes canais, principalmente no acompanhamento da vegetação a partir de imagens multitemporais. Não se observou diferença significativa entre as metodologias utilizadas para a entrada dos dados atmosféricos no sistema de correção atmosférica, devido, possivelmente, à magnitude dos valores utilizados e à áreateste escolhida. Os produtos obtidos a partir das imagens do MODIS mostraram potencial para utilização na estimativa dos principais parâmetros atmosféricos necessários para a correção atmosférica (como a espessura óptica dos aerossóis e conteúdo de vapor d'água e ozônio) e que são de grande dificuldade para obtenção em campo
Abstract: Remote sensing in the spectral regions of visible and infrared is one of the most important techniques used for studying the biosphere. However these two spectral regions are affected by atmospheric effects as scattering and absorption, caused by aerosols and atmospheric gases. In the attempt to obtain the real reflectance of ground surface, in channels 1 and 2 of AVHRR sensor, was performed the atmospheric correction of two NOAA images acquired on July/14/2004 and August/30/2005, based on atmospheric data supplied by the MODIS sensor, considering the spatial and temporal variability of these parameters. The system SCORADIS, based on the radiative transfer model called 5S, was adapted to read images having values of aerosols optical thickness, water vapor content and ozone contents corresponding spatially to each pixel of a AVHRR/NOAA image. Four distinct methodologies were used to define the images of atmospheric parameters. Coherent results were obtained using atmospheric data from MODIS, indicating that the scattering and absorption effects were correctly eliminated from the NOAA images in the two dates considered. The difference between the NDVI calculated with corrected and noncorrected images was up to 60%, showing the importance of using corrected images in applications based on multitemporal images. There was not observed significant difference among the four methodologies applied to define the atmospheric data used in the atmospheric correction system due, maybe, to the magnitude of the values and to the atmospheric conditions of test-area. The atmospheric products from MODIS can be used to defining the input data (like aerosol optical thickness, water vapor contents and ozone contents) for the atmospheric correction systems of AVHRR/NOAA images
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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10

Alston, Erica J. "Aerosol characterization in the Southeastern U. S. using satellite data for applications to air quality and climate." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43589.

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Tropospheric aerosol information from NASA satellites in space has reached the milestone of ten years of continuous measurements. These higher resolution satellite aerosol records allow for a broader regional perspective than can be gained using only sparsely located ground based monitoring sites. Decadal satellite aerosol data have the potential to advance knowledge of the climatic impacts of aerosols through better understanding of solar dimming/brightening and radiative forcings on regional scales, as well as aid in air quality applications. The goal of this thesis is to develop and implement methodologies for using satellite remotely sensed data in conjunction with ground based observations and modeling for characterization of regional aerosol variations with applications to air quality and climate studies in the Southeastern U. S. This region is of special interest because of distinct aerosol types, less warming climate trends compared to the rest of U.S., and growing population. To support this primary goal, a technique is developed that exploits the statistical relationship between PM2.5 (particulate matter that has an aerodynamic radius of 2.5 µm or less) and satellite AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) from MODIS (Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) where a probabilistic approach is used for air quality assessments in the metropolitan Atlanta area. The metropolitan Atlanta area experiences the poorest air quality during the warmer seasons. We found that satellite AODs capture a significant portion of PM2.5 concentration variability during the warmer months of the year with correlation values above 0.5 for a majority of co-located (in time and space) ground based PM2.5 monitors, which is significant at the 95% confidence interval. The developed probabilistic approach uses five years of satellite AOD, PM2.5 and their related AQI (Air Quality Index) to predict future AQI based solely on AOD retrievals through the use of AOD thresholds, e.g., 80% of Code Green AQI days have AOD below 0.3. This approach has broad applicability for concerned stakeholders in that it allows for quick dissemination of pertinent air quality data in near-real time around a satellite overpass. Examination of the use of multiple satellite sensors to aid in investigating the impacts of biomass burning in the region is performed. The utility of data fusion is evaluated in understanding the effects of the large wildfire that burned in May 2007. This wildfire caused PM2.5 in the metropolitan Atlanta area to exceed healthy levels with some measurements surpassing 150 µg/m3 during the month. OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) AI (Aerosol Index), which qualitatively measures absorbing aerosols, have high values of more than 1.5 during May 26 - 31, 2007. CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) a space based lidar was used to determine the vertical structure of the atmosphere across the region during the active fire period. CALIPSO was able to identify wildfire aerosols both within the planetary boundary layer (likely affects local air quality) and aloft where aerosol transport occurs. This has important implications for climatic studies specifically aerosol radiative effects. In-depth analysis of the satellite and ground based aerosol data records over the past decade (2000 - 2009) are performed from a climatic perspective. The long temporal scale allowed for better characterization of seasonality, interannual variability, and trends. Spatial analysis of ten years of AOD from both MODIS and MISR (Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer) showed little variability of AOD during the winter with mean AOD below 0.1 for the entire region, while the summer had decidedly more variability with mean AOD around 0.33 for MODIS and 0.3 for MISR. Seasonal analysis of the PM2.5 revealed that summer means are twice as high as winter means for PM2.5. All of the datasets show interannual variability that suggests with time AOD and PM2.5 are decreasing, but seasonal variability obscured the detection of any appreciable trends in AOD; however, once the seasonal influence was removed through the creation of monthly anomalies there were decreasing trends in AOD, but only MODIS had a trend of -0.00434 (per month) that statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Satellite and ground-based data are used to assess the radiative impacts of aerosols in the region. The regional TOA (Top Of the Atmosphere) direct radiative forcing is estimated by utilizing satellite AOD from MODIS and MISR both on Terra, along with satellite derived cloud fraction, surface albedo (both from MODIS), and single scattering albedo (SSA) from MISR data from 2000 - 2009. Estimated TOA forcing varied from between -6 to -3 W/m2 during the winter, and during the warmer months there is more variation with ΔF varying between -28 to -12.6 W/m2 for MODIS and -26 to -11 W/m2 for MISR. The results suggest that when AOD, cloud fraction and surface albedo are all consider they add an additional 6 W/m2 of TOA forcing compared to TOA forcing due to aerosol effects only. Varying SSA can create changes in TOA forcing of about 5 W/m2. With removal of the seasonal variability timeseries anomaly trend analysis revealed that estimated TOA forcing is decreasing (becoming less negative) with MODIS based estimates statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Optical and radiative 1-D radiative transfer modeling is performed to assess the daily mean TOA forcing and forcing at the surface for representative urban and background aerosol mixtures for summer and winter. During the winter, modeled TOA forcing is -2.8 and -5 W/m2 for the WB and WU cases, and the modeled summer TOA forcings (SB = -13.3 W/m2) also generally agree with earlier estimates. While surface forcings varied from -3 to -210 W/m2. The radiative forcing efficiency at the TOA (amount of forcing per unit of AOD at 550 nm) varied from -9 to -72 W/m2 τ-1, and RFE at the surface varied from -50 to -410 W/m2 τ-1. It was found that the forcing efficiency for biomass burning aerosols are similar to the forcing efficiency of background aerosols during the summer that highlights the importance of possible increased biomass burning activity. Ultimately, the methodologies developed in this work can be implemented by the remote sensing community and have direct applicability for society as a whole.
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Books on the topic "Aerosols Atmospheric radiation"

1

Zuev, V. E., A. A. Zemlyanov, Yu D. Kopytin, and A. V. Kuzikovskii. High-Power Laser Radiation in Atmospheric Aerosols. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5219-5.

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International Radiation Symposium. (1992 Tallinn, Estonia). IRS '92: Abstracts : International Radiation Symposium, Tallinn, Estonia, 3-8 August, 1992. [S.l: s.n., 1993.

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Kondratʹev, K. I͡A. Remote sensing of the earth from space: Atmospheric correction. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Gushchin, Gennadiĭ Petrovich. Metody, pribory i rezulʹtaty izmerenii͡a︡ spektralʹnoĭ prozrachnosti atmosfery. Moskva: Gidrometeoizdat, 1988.

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Surkova, Galina. Atmospheric chemistry. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1079840.

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The textbook contains material corresponding to the course of lectures on atmospheric chemistry prepared for students studying meteorology and climatology. The basic concepts of atmospheric chemistry are given, its gaseous components, as well as aerosols and chemical processes related to their life cycles, which are important from the point of view of the formation of the radiation, temperature and dynamic regime of the atmosphere, as well as its pollution, are considered. The main regularities of the transport of impurities in the atmosphere and the role of processes of different spatial and temporal scales in this process are presented. The concept of approaches of varying degrees of complexity used to model the transport of matter in the atmosphere, taking into account its chemical transformations, is presented. The processes in the gaseous and liquid phases that affect the chemical composition and acidity of clouds and precipitation are described. Modern methods of using information about the concentration and state of chemical compounds, including their radioactive and stable isotopes, to obtain information about the meteorological regime of the atmosphere in the present and past are considered. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the field of training "Hydrometeorology".
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Zhao, Jingxia. A model simulation of Pinatubo volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Gei︣nt︠s︡, I︠U︡ Ė. Nelinei︣nai︠a︡ optika atmosfernogo aėrozoli︠a︡. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo SO RAN, 1999.

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Peter, Koepke, and Shettle Eric P, eds. Atmospheric aerosols: Global climatology and radiative characteristics. Hampton, Va., USA: A. Deepak Pub., 1991.

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Modelirovanie poleĭ izluchenii͡a︡ v zadachakh kosmicheskoĭ spektrofotometrii. Leningrad: Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1986.

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Gordon, Howard R. Ocean observations with EOS/MODIS: Algorithm development and post launch studies. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aerosols Atmospheric radiation"

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Boucher, Olivier. "Aerosol–Radiation Interactions." In Atmospheric Aerosols, 173–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9649-1_8.

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Boucher, Olivier. "Interactions of Radiation with Matter and Atmospheric Radiative Transfer." In Atmospheric Aerosols, 83–127. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9649-1_5.

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Hong, Yin, and Han Zhigang. "The Effect of Atmospheric Aerosols on Absorption of Solar Radiation." In Atmospheric Radiation, 623–28. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-18-8_91.

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Nakajima, Teruyuki, Masayuki Tanaka, Tadahiro Hayasaka, Yukiharu Miyake, Yuji Nakanishi, and Kazutoshi Sasamoto. "Airborne Measurements of the Optical Stratification of Aerosols in Turbid Atmospheres." In Atmospheric Radiation, 619–22. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-18-8_90.

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Bolin, Zhao, and Yu Xiaoding. "Investigation of the Asian Dust Storm and Atmospheric Aerosols from Satellite Observations." In Atmospheric Radiation, 291–99. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-18-8_44.

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Schotland, R. M., and T. K. Lea. "Bias in a Solar Constant Determination by the Langley Method Due to Aerosols." In Atmospheric Radiation, 655–62. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-18-8_95.

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Lenoble, J. "Radiative Properties of Aerosols as Deduced from Satellite, Ground-Based and in Situ Observations." In Atmospheric Radiation, 527–35. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-18-8_77.

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Zuev, V. E., A. A. Zemlyanov, Yu D. Kopytin, and A. V. Kuzikovskii. "Microphysical and Optical Characteristics of Atmospheric Aerosols." In High-Power Laser Radiation in Atmospheric Aerosols, 1–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5219-5_1.

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Zuev, V. E., A. A. Zemlyanov, Yu D. Kopytin, and A. V. Kuzikovskii. "Propagation of High-Power Laser Radiation through Hazes." In High-Power Laser Radiation in Atmospheric Aerosols, 165–215. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5219-5_6.

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Zuev, V. E., A. A. Zemlyanov, Yu D. Kopytin, and A. V. Kuzikovskii. "Low Energy (Subexplosive) Effects of Radiation on Individual Particles." In High-Power Laser Radiation in Atmospheric Aerosols, 21–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5219-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Aerosols Atmospheric radiation"

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Sengupta, Manajit, and Michael Wagner. "Estimating Atmospheric Attenuation in Central Receiver Systems." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91229.

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Atmospheric attenuation loss between a heliostat field and receiver has been recognized as a significant source of loss in Central Receiver System. Methods that can improve estimation of attenuation loss using available measurements will be useful in reducing uncertainty in estimation of CSP plant production, particularly in locations and climates that differ in atmospheric composition from typical arid desert locations. In clear sky situations, Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) is primarily impacted by aerosols in the atmosphere. Aerosols extinct direct radiation with the photons either being absorbed or scattered based on the aerosols optical characteristics. As aerosol loading is high close to the surface, the attenuation loss between heliostat and receivers is significantly influenced by amount of aerosols present on a particular day. The purpose of the study is to understand the impact of aerosols on attenuation loss and model this loss as a function of the ratio of measured DNI to a calculated DNI for an “aerosol-free” atmosphere. The assumption here is that the reduction in clear sky DNI due to aerosols when compared to a theoretical “clean environment” value can provide valuable information about aerosol loading at the surface and therefore attenuation loss between heliostat and receiver. Preliminary analysis shows that such an approach is viable. Historically, human observers have measured visibility on a daily basis. While these observations are subject to varying levels of uncertainty they may be a good indicator of atmospheric attenuation between heliostat and receiver. In this paper we will review historical and recent publications to show how visibility observations contain useful information for estimating attenuation loss in central receiver systems. We will also present a simple relationship that uses visibility observations to estimate heliostat to receiver attenuation for varying separation distances.
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Koepke, P. "Aerosol effects on UV radiation." In The 15th international conference on nucleation and atmospheric aerosols. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361934.

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Zhang, Wei, Fenglei Niu, Houbo Qi, and Zhangpeng Guo. "Numerical Simulation of Radiation Aerosol Collection in Mesoscopic Impactor Filters." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66598.

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Typically, the concentration of natural radioactive aerosols in the containment vessel of nuclear power plant is low and in equilibrium. But when a serious nuclear accident occurred, the massive radioactive aerosols would be rapidly released. In order to ensure the integrality of the containment, the pressure inside the containment must be reduced by reducing the concentration of the aerosol. It can cause a serious damage to the atmospheric environment if such radioactive aerosol directly release. In this paper a new mesoscopic impactor filter has been developed which not only can filtrate and collect the aerosol particles but also can decrease the flowing resistance of gas. This paper intends to make numerical simulation to study the regularity of the deposition of aerosols under the laminar condition at different working condition in mesoscopic impactor filters. The 3D model of the filter was established with the commercial software of ICEM CFD and the meshes were divided accurately. The gas phase uses the laminar model and the particles use DPM (Discrete Phase Model). The detailed modeling method is given and the simulation results are analyzed.
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Xie, Shaocheng, Xiaohong Liu, Chuanfeng Zhao, and Yuying Zhang. "Impact of ice nucleation parameterizations on CAM5 simulated arctic clouds and radiation: A sensitivity study." In NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS: 19th International Conference. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803378.

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Orlov, Aleksey O., Alexander A. Gurulev, and Georgy S. Bordonskiy. "Attenuation of microwave radiation at millimeter waves in supercooled water of atmospheric aerosols." In XXIV International Symposium, Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii and Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2504458.

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Singh, D. K., V. K. Ponnulakshami, V. Mukund, G. Subramanian, and K. R. Sreenivas. "Radiation forcing by the atmospheric aerosols in the nocturnal boundary layer." In RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN (IRS2012): Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS). AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4804840.

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Dammann, Knut W. "Aerosol impact on the earth radiation budget with satellite data." In The 15th international conference on nucleation and atmospheric aerosols. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361933.

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Amiranashvili, A. "Aerosol pollution of the atmosphere and its influence on the direct solar radiation in some regions of Georgia." In The 15th international conference on nucleation and atmospheric aerosols. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361940.

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Mishchenko, Michael I. "Polarimetric remote sensing of aerosols and clouds: effects of particle shape and morphology." In CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008): Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS). American Institute of Physics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3116975.

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Varghese, Saji, Robert Flanagan, and Colin D. O’Dowd. "Influence of Marine Aerosols on Cloud Droplet Number Concentration over the North‐East Atlantic." In CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008): Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS). American Institute of Physics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3117071.

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Reports on the topic "Aerosols Atmospheric radiation"

1

Penner, J. E. Carbonaceous aerosols influencing atmospheric radiation: Black and organic carbon. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10118242.

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Ferrare, Richard A. Final Technical Report. Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) Raman Lidar measurement of atmospheric aerosols for the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799175.

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Seinfeld, John H. Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Interactions in Atmospheric Forecast Models. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611945.

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Seinfeld, John H. Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Interactions in Atmospheric Forecast Models. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada532930.

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Seinfeld, John H. Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Interactions in Atmospheric Forecast Models. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541254.

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Seinfeld, John H. Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Interactions in Atmospheric Forecast Models. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada602941.

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Keene, William C., and Michael S. Long. he Impact of Primary Marine Aerosol on Atmospheric Chemistry, Radiation and Climate: A CCSM Model Development Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1079841.

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Tsay, Si-Chee, Q. J. Ji, Santiago Gasso, and Jeffrey S. Reid. Characterization of Dust Aerosols and Atmospheric Parameters from Space-borne and Surface-based Remote Sensing: Application of Community Radiative Transfer Algorithms to Navy Electro-Optical Models. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628826.

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Tsay, Si-Chee, Q. J. Ji, Santiago Gasso, and Jeffrey S. Reid. Characterization of Dust Aerosols and Atmospheric Parameters from Space-borne and Surface-based Remote Sensing: Application of Community Radiative Transfer Algorithms to Navy Electro-Optical Models. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada633993.

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