Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aerosols Atmospheric radiation. Scattering (Physics)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Aerosols Atmospheric radiation. Scattering (Physics)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Aerosols Atmospheric radiation. Scattering (Physics)"

1

Zhuang, Bingliang, Tijian Wang, Jane Liu, Huizheng Che, Yong Han, Yu Fu, Shu Li, et al. "The optical properties, physical properties and direct radiative forcing of urban columnar aerosols in the Yangtze River Delta, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 1419–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1419-2018.

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Abstract. The optical and physical properties as well as the direct radiative forcings (DRFs) of fractionated aerosols in the urban area of the western Yangtze River Delta (YRD) are investigated with measurements from a Cimel sun photometer combined with a radiation transfer model. Ground-based observations of aerosols have much higher temporal resolutions than satellite retrievals. An initial analysis reveals the characteristics of the optical properties of different types of fractionated aerosols in the western YRD. The total aerosols, mostly composed of scattering components (93.8 %), have mean optical depths of 0.65 at 550 nm and refractive index of 1.44 + 0.0084i at 440 nm. The fine aerosols are approximately four times more abundant and have very different compositions from coarse aerosols. The absorbing components account for only ∼ 4.6 % of fine aerosols and 15.5 % of coarse aerosols and have smaller sizes than the scattering aerosols within the same mode. Therefore, fine particles have stronger scattering than coarse ones, simultaneously reflecting the different size distributions between the absorbing and scattering aerosols. The relationships among the optical properties quantify the aerosol mixing and imply that approximately 15 and 27.5 % of the total occurrences result in dust- and black-carbon-dominating mixing aerosols, respectively, in the western YRD. Unlike the optical properties, the size distributions of aerosols in the western YRD are similar to those found at other sites over eastern China on a climatological scale, peaking at radii of 0.148 and 2.94 µm. However, further analysis reveals that the coarse-dominated particles can also lead to severe haze pollution over the YRD. Observation-based estimations indicate that both fine and coarse aerosols in the western YRD exert negative DRFs, and this is especially true for fine aerosols (−11.17 W m−2 at the top of atmosphere, TOA). A higher absorption fraction leads directly to the negative DRF being further offset for coarse aerosols (−0.33 W m−2) at the TOA. Similarly, the coarse-mode DRF contributes to only 13.3 % of the total scattering aerosols but > 33.7 % to the total absorbing aerosols. A sensitivity analysis states that aerosol DRFs are not highly sensitive to their profiles in clear-sky conditions. Most of the aerosol properties and DRFs have substantial seasonality in the western YRD. The results further reveal the contributions of each component of the different size particles to the total aerosol optical depths (AODs) and DRFs. Additionally, these results can be used to improve aerosol modelling performance and the modelling of aerosol effects in the eastern regions of China.
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Gleeson, Emily, Velle Toll, Kristian Pagh Nielsen, Laura Rontu, and Ján Mašek. "Effects of aerosols on clear-sky solar radiation in the ALADIN-HIRLAM NWP system." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 9 (May 17, 2016): 5933–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5933-2016.

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Abstract. The direct shortwave radiative effect of aerosols under clear-sky conditions in the Aire Limitee Adaptation dynamique Developpement InterNational – High Resolution Limited Area Model (ALADIN-HIRLAM) numerical weather prediction system was investigated using three shortwave radiation schemes in diagnostic single-column experiments: the Integrated Forecast System (IFS), acraneb2 and the hlradia radiation schemes. The multi-band IFS scheme was formerly used operationally by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) whereas hlradia and acraneb2 are broadband schemes. The former is a new version of the HIRLAM radiation scheme while acraneb2 is the radiation scheme in the ALARO-1 physics package. The aim was to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the numerical weather prediction (NWP) system regarding aerosols and to prepare it for use of real-time aerosol information. The experiments were run with particular focus on the August 2010 Russian wildfire case. Each of the three radiation schemes accurately (within ±4 % at midday) simulates the direct shortwave aerosol effect when observed aerosol optical properties are used. When the aerosols were excluded from the simulations, errors of more than +15 % in global shortwave irradiance were found at midday, with the error reduced to +10 % when standard climatological aerosols were used. An error of −11 % was seen at midday if only observed aerosol optical depths at 550 nm, and not observation-based spectral dependence of aerosol optical depth, single scattering albedos and asymmetry factors, were included in the simulations. This demonstrates the importance of using the correct aerosol optical properties. The dependency of the direct radiative effect of aerosols on relative humidity was tested and shown to be within ±6 % in this case. By modifying the assumptions about the shape of the IFS climatological vertical aerosol profile, the inherent uncertainties associated with assuming fixed vertical profiles were investigated. The shortwave heating rates in the boundary layer changed by up to a factor of 2 in response to the aerosol vertical distribution without changing the total aerosol optical depth. Finally, we tested the radiative transfer approximations used in the three radiation schemes for typical aerosol optical properties compared to the accurate DISORT model. These approximations are found to be accurate to within ±13 % even for large aerosol loads.
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Pillar-Little, Elizabeth, and Marcelo Guzman. "An Overview of Dynamic Heterogeneous Oxidations in the Troposphere." Environments 5, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments5090104.

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Due to the adverse effect of atmospheric aerosols on public health and their ability to affect climate, extensive research has been undertaken in recent decades to understand their sources and sinks, as well as to study their physical and chemical properties. Atmospheric aerosols are important players in the Earth’s radiative budget, affecting incoming and outgoing solar radiation through absorption and scattering by direct and indirect means. While the cooling properties of pure inorganic aerosols are relatively well understood, the impact of organic aerosols on the radiative budget is unclear. Additionally, organic aerosols are transformed through chemical reactions during atmospheric transport. The resulting complex mixture of organic aerosol has variable physical and chemical properties that contribute further to the uncertainty of these species modifying the radiative budget. Correlations between oxidative processing and increased absorptivity, hygroscopicity, and cloud condensation nuclei activity have been observed, but the mechanisms behind these phenomena have remained unexplored. Herein, we review environmentally relevant heterogeneous mechanisms occurring on interfaces that contribute to the processing of aerosols. Recent laboratory studies exploring processes at the aerosol–air interface are highlighted as capable of generating the complexity observed in the environment. Furthermore, a variety of laboratory methods developed specifically to study these processes under environmentally relevant conditions are introduced. Remarkably, the heterogeneous mechanisms presented might neither be feasible in the gas phase nor in the bulk particle phase of aerosols at the fast rates enabled on interfaces. In conclusion, these surface mechanisms are important to better understand how organic aerosols are transformed in the atmosphere affecting the environment.
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Holland, Marika M., David A. Bailey, Bruce P. Briegleb, Bonnie Light, and Elizabeth Hunke. "Improved Sea Ice Shortwave Radiation Physics in CCSM4: The Impact of Melt Ponds and Aerosols on Arctic Sea Ice." Journal of Climate 25, no. 5 (March 2012): 1413–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00078.1.

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The Community Climate System Model, version 4 has revisions across all components. For sea ice, the most notable improvements are the incorporation of a new shortwave radiative transfer scheme and the capabilities that this enables. This scheme uses inherent optical properties to define scattering and absorption characteristics of snow, ice, and included shortwave absorbers and explicitly allows for melt ponds and aerosols. The deposition and cycling of aerosols in sea ice is now included, and a new parameterization derives ponded water from the surface meltwater flux. Taken together, this provides a more sophisticated, accurate, and complete treatment of sea ice radiative transfer. In preindustrial CO2 simulations, the radiative impact of ponds and aerosols on Arctic sea ice is 1.1 W m−2 annually, with aerosols accounting for up to 8 W m−2 of enhanced June shortwave absorption in the Barents and Kara Seas and with ponds accounting for over 10 W m−2 in shelf regions in July. In double CO2 (2XCO2) simulations with the same aerosol deposition, ponds have a larger effect, whereas aerosol effects are reduced, thereby modifying the surface albedo feedback. Although the direct forcing is modest, because aerosols and ponds influence the albedo, the response is amplified. In simulations with no ponds or aerosols in sea ice, the Arctic ice is over 1 m thicker and retains more summer ice cover. Diagnosis of a twentieth-century simulation indicates an increased radiative forcing from aerosols and melt ponds, which could play a role in twentieth-century Arctic sea ice reductions. In contrast, ponds and aerosol deposition have little effect on Antarctic sea ice for all climates considered.
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Power, Helen C. "The geography and climatology of aerosols." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 27, no. 4 (December 2003): 502–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133303pp393ra.

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Aerosols affect climate by scattering and absorbing radiation and by modifying the physical and radiative properties of clouds. Despite their importance in the climate system, the temporal and spatial variability of aerosols is not well understood. This paper briefly describes the nature of aerosols, their influence on the climate system and methods for quantifying atmospheric turbidity, which is the total column amount of aerosol. The main focus of the paper is a review of turbidity research that serves to document how and why aerosols vary over time and space. This analysis reveals that temporal and spatial variability in aerosol emissions is superimposed by temporal and/or spatial variability in meteorological and climatic factors. These factors include variability in wind speed, humidity, stability, insolation, frontal and cyclonic activity, the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the polar front, rates of precipitation and convection, and the source regions of air masses. This interaction between aerosol emission characteristics and atmospheric processes is manifested in distinct trends in total column aerosol -described herein by geographic region - at a variety of spatial and temporal scales.
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Guyon, P., B. Graham, J. Beck, O. Boucher, E. Gerasopoulos, O. L. Mayol-Bracero, G. C. Roberts, P. Artaxo, and M. O. Andreae. "Physical properties and concentration of aerosol particles over the Amazon tropical forest during background and biomass burning conditions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3, no. 4 (July 8, 2003): 951–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-951-2003.

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Abstract. We investigated the size distribution, scattering and absorption properties of Amazonian aerosols and the optical thickness of the aerosol layer under the pristine background conditions typical of the wet season, as well as during the biomass-burning-influenced dry season. The measurements were made during two campaigns in 1999 as part of the European contribution to the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA-EUSTACH). In moving from the wet to the dry season, median particle numbers were observed to increase from values comparable to those of the remote marine boundary layer (~400 cm-3) to values more commonly associated with urban smog (~4000 cm-3), due to a massive injection of submicron smoke particles. Aerosol optical depths at 500 nm increased from 0.05 to 0.8 on average, reaching a value of 2 during the dry season. Scattering and absorption coefficients, measured at 550 nm, showed a concomitant increase from average values of 6.8 and 0.4 Mm-1 to values of 91 and 10 Mm-1, respectively, corresponding to an estimated decrease in single-scattering albedo from ca. 0.97 to 0.91. The roughly tenfold increase in many of the measured parameters attests to the dramatic effect that extensive seasonal biomass burning (deforestation, pasture cleaning) is having on the composition and properties of aerosols over Amazonia. The potential exists for these changes to impact on regional and global climate through changes to the extinction of solar radiation as well as the alteration of cloud properties.
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Cahill, J. F., K. Suski, J. H. Seinfeld, R. A. Zaveri, and K. A. Prather. "The mixing state of carbonaceous aerosol particles in northern and southern California measured during CARES and CalNex 2010." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 22 (November 21, 2012): 10989–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10989-2012.

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Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosols impact climate directly by scattering and absorbing radiation, and hence play a major, although highly uncertain, role in global radiative forcing. Commonly, ambient carbonaceous aerosols are internally mixed with secondary species such as nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium, which influences their optical properties, hygroscopicity, and atmospheric lifetime, thus impacting climate forcing. Aircraft-aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (A-ATOFMS), which measures single-particle mixing state, was used to determine the fraction of organic and soot aerosols that are internally mixed and the variability of their mixing state in California during the Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) and the Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) field campaigns in the late spring and early summer of 2010. Nearly 88% of all A-ATOFMS measured particles (100–1000 nm in diameter) were internally mixed with secondary species, with 96% and 75% of particles internally mixed with nitrate and/or sulfate in southern and northern California, respectively. Even though atmospheric particle composition in both regions was primarily influenced by urban sources, the mixing state was found to vary greatly, with nitrate and soot being the dominant species in southern California, and sulfate and organic carbon in northern California. Furthermore, mixing state varied temporally in northern California, with soot becoming the prevalent particle type towards the end of the study as regional pollution levels increased. The results from these studies demonstrate that the majority of ambient carbonaceous particles in California are internally mixed and are heavily influenced by secondary species that are most prevalent in the particular region. Based on these findings, considerations of regionally dominant sources and secondary species, as well as temporal variations of aerosol physical and optical properties, will be required to obtain more accurate predictions of the climate impacts of aerosol in California.
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Michel Flores, J., R. Z. Bar-Or, N. Bluvshtein, A. Abo-Riziq, A. Kostinski, S. Borrmann, I. Koren, I. Koren, and Y. Rudich. "Absorbing aerosols at high relative humidity: linking hygroscopic growth to optical properties." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 12 (June 25, 2012): 5511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5511-2012.

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Abstract. One of the major uncertainties in the understanding of Earth's climate system is the interaction between solar radiation and aerosols in the atmosphere. Aerosols exposed to high humidity will change their chemical, physical, and optical properties due to their increased water content. To model hydrated aerosols, atmospheric chemistry and climate models often use the volume weighted mixing rule to predict the complex refractive index (RI) of aerosols when they interact with high relative humidity, and, in general, assume homogeneous mixing. This study explores the validity of these assumptions. A humidified cavity ring down aerosol spectrometer (CRD-AS) and a tandem hygroscopic DMA (differential mobility analyzer) are used to measure the extinction coefficient and hygroscopic growth factors of humidified aerosols, respectively. The measurements are performed at 80% and 90%RH at wavelengths of 532 nm and 355 nm using size-selected aerosols with different degrees of absorption; from purely scattering to highly absorbing particles. The ratio of the humidified to the dry extinction coefficients (fRHext(%RH, Dry)) is measured and compared to theoretical calculations based on Mie theory. Using the measured hygroscopic growth factors and assuming homogeneous mixing, the expected RIs using the volume weighted mixing rule are compared to the RIs derived from the extinction measurements. We found a weak linear dependence or no dependence of fRH(%RH, Dry) with size for hydrated absorbing aerosols in contrast to the non-monotonically decreasing behavior with size for purely scattering aerosols. No discernible difference could be made between the two wavelengths used. Less than 7% differences were found between the real parts of the complex refractive indices derived and those calculated using the volume weighted mixing rule, and the imaginary parts had up to a 20% difference. However, for substances with growth factor less than 1.15 the volume weighted mixing rule assumption needs to be taken with caution as the imaginary part of the complex RI can be underestimated.
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Cahill, J. F., K. Suski, J. H. Seinfeld, R. A. Zaveri, and K. A. Prather. "The mixing state of carbonaceous aerosol particles in Northern and Southern California measured during CARES and CalNex 2010." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 7 (July 27, 2012): 18419–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-18419-2012.

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Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosols impact climate directly by scattering and absorbing radiation, and hence play a major, although highly uncertain, role in global radiative forcing. Commonly, ambient carbonaceous aerosols are internally mixed with secondary species such as nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium, which influences their optical properties, hygroscopicity, and atmospheric lifetime, thus impacting climate forcing. Aircraft-aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (A-ATOFMS), which measures single-particle mixing state, was used to determine the fraction of organic and soot aerosols that are internally mixed and the variability of their mixing state in California during the Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) and the Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) field campaigns in the late spring and early summer of 2010. Nearly 88% of all A-ATOFMS measured particles (100–1000 nm in diameter) were internally mixed with secondary species, with 96% and 75% of particles internally mixed with nitrate and/or sulfate in Southern and Northern California, respectively. Even though atmospheric particle composition in both regions was primarily influenced by urban sources, the mixing state was found to vary greatly, with nitrate and soot being the dominant species in Southern California, and sulfate and organic carbon in Northern California. Furthermore, mixing state varied temporally in Northern California, with soot becoming the prevalent particle type towards the end of the study as regional pollution levels increased. The results from these studies demonstrate that the majority of ambient carbonaceous particles in California are internally mixed and are heavily influenced by secondary species that are most prevalent in the particular region. Based on these findings, considerations of regionally dominant sources and secondary species, as well as temporal variations of aerosol physical and optical properties, will be required to obtain more accurate predictions of the climate impacts of aerosol in California.
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10

Pistone, Kristina, Jens Redemann, Sarah Doherty, Paquita Zuidema, Sharon Burton, Brian Cairns, Sabrina Cochrane, et al. "Intercomparison of biomass burning aerosol optical properties from in situ and remote-sensing instruments in ORACLES-2016." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 9181–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9181-2019.

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Abstract. The total effect of aerosols, both directly and on cloud properties, remains the biggest source of uncertainty in anthropogenic radiative forcing on the climate. Correct characterization of intensive aerosol optical properties, particularly in conditions where absorbing aerosol is present, is a crucial factor in quantifying these effects. The southeast Atlantic Ocean (SEA), with seasonal biomass burning smoke plumes overlying and mixing with a persistent stratocumulus cloud deck, offers an excellent natural laboratory to make the observations necessary to understand the complexities of aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions. The first field deployment of the NASA ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) campaign was conducted in September of 2016 out of Walvis Bay, Namibia. Data collected during ORACLES-2016 are used to derive aerosol properties from an unprecedented number of simultaneous measurement techniques over this region. Here, we present results from six of the eight independent instruments or instrument combinations, all applied to measure or retrieve aerosol absorption and single-scattering albedo. Most but not all of the biomass burning aerosol was located in the free troposphere, in relative humidities typically ranging up to 60 %. We present the single-scattering albedo (SSA), absorbing and total aerosol optical depth (AAOD and AOD), and absorption, scattering, and extinction Ångström exponents (AAE, SAE, and EAE, respectively) for specific case studies looking at near-coincident and near-colocated measurements from multiple instruments, and SSAs for the broader campaign average over the month-long deployment. For the case studies, we find that SSA agrees within the measurement uncertainties between multiple instruments, though, over all cases, there is no strong correlation between values reported by one instrument and another. We also find that agreement between the instruments is more robust at higher aerosol loading (AOD400>0.4). The campaign-wide average and range shows differences in the values measured by each instrument. We find the ORACLES-2016 campaign-average SSA at 500 nm (SSA500) to be between 0.85 and 0.88, depending on the instrument considered (4STAR, AirMSPI, or in situ measurements), with the interquartile ranges for all instruments between 0.83 and 0.89. This is consistent with previous September values reported over the region (between 0.84 and 0.90 for SSA at 550nm). The results suggest that the differences observed in the campaign-average values may be dominated by instrument-specific spatial sampling differences and the natural physical variability in aerosol conditions over the SEA, rather than fundamental methodological differences.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aerosols Atmospheric radiation. Scattering (Physics)"

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Crahan, Kathleen Keara. "The thermodynamic and kinetic impacts of organics on marine aerosols /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10095.

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Lathem, Terry Lee. "On the water uptake of atmospheric aerosol particles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50112.

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The feedbacks among aerosols, clouds, and radiation are important components for understanding Earth's climate system and quantifying human-induced climate change, yet the magnitude of these feedbacks remain highly uncertain. Since every cloud droplet in the atmosphere begins with water condensing on a pre-existing aerosol particle, characterizing the ability of aerosols to uptake water vapor and form cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are key to understanding the microphysics behind cloud formation, as well as assess the impact aerosols have on the Earth system. Through a combination of controlled laboratory experiments and field measurements, this thesis characterizes the ability of atmospheric aerosols to uptake water vapor and become CCN at controlled levels of water vapor supersaturation. The origin of the particle water uptake, termed hygroscopicity, is also explored, being from either the presence of deliquescent soluble material and/or adsorption onto insoluble surfaces. The data collected and presented is comprehensive and includes (1) ground samples of volcanic ash, collected from six recent eruptions re-suspended in the laboratory for analysis, (2) laboratory chamber and flow-tube studies on the oxidation and uptake of surface active organic compounds, and (3) in-situ aircraft measurements of aerosols from the Arctic background, Canadian boreal forests, fresh and aged biomass burning, anthropogenic industrial pollution, and from within tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin. Having a more thorough understanding of aerosol water uptake will enable more accurate representation of cloud droplet number concentrations in global models, which can have important implications on reducing the uncertainty of aerosol-cloud-climate interactions, as well as additional uncertainties in aerosol transport, atmospheric lifetime, and impact on storm dynamics.
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Louedec, Karim. "Atmospheric aerosols at the Pierre Auger Observatory : characterization and effect on the energy estimation for ultra-high energy cosmic rays." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647476.

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Les aérosols atmosphériques à l'Observatoire Pierre Auger : caractérisation et effet sur l'estimation de l'énergie des rayons cosmiques d'ultra-haute énergie.L'Observatoire Pierre Auger, situé dans la province de Mendoza en Argentine, réalise actuellement de grandes avancées dans la connaissance de la nature et de l'origine des rayons cosmiques d'ultra-haute énergie. Utilisant une technique de détection hybride, basée sur des détecteurs de surface et des télescopes de fluorescence, il fournit une large statistique, une bonne résolution en énergie, et un contrôle solide des incertitudes systématiques.L'un des principaux défis pour la technique de détection par fluorescence est la compréhension de l'atmosphère, utilisée comme un calorimètre géant. Afin de réduire autant que possible les incertitudes systématiques sur les mesures par fluorescence, la Collaboration Auger a développé un important programme de suivi de l'atmosphère. Le but de ce travail est d'améliorer notre compréhension sur les aérosols atmosphériques, ainsi que leur effet sur la propagation de la lumière de fluorescence.En utilisant un modèle de rétrotrajectographie des masses d'air, il a été montré que les nuits pauvres en aérosols ont des masses d'air provenant plus directement de l'Océan Pacifique. Pour la première fois, l'effet de la taille des aérosols sur la propagation de la lumière a été estimé. En effet, selon l'approche Ramsauer, les gros aérosols ont le plus grand effet sur la diffusion de la lumière. Ainsi, la dépendance en taille a été ajoutée aux paramétrisations décrivant la diffusion de la lumière et utilisée par la Collaboration Auger. Une surestimation systématique de l'énergie et du maximum de développement de la gerbe Xmax est observé.Enfin, une méthode basée sur les tirs laser très incliné produit par le laser central d'Auger a été développée pour estimer la taille des aérosols. Des tailles d'aérosols jusque là jamais détectées à l'Observatoire Pierre Auger peuvent à présent être contraintes. De premiers résultats montrent une population d'aérosols de grande taille en utilisant des tirs laser effectués dans le passé.
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Shao, Hongfei Liu Guosheng. "Evaluating the aerosol first indirect effect using satellite data." Diss., 2006. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04042006-142407.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2006.
Advisor: Guosheng Liu, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Meteorology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 13, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 84 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "Aerosols Atmospheric radiation. Scattering (Physics)"

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Atmospheric transmission, emission, and scattering. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1993.

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Atmospheric transmission, emission, and scattering. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1991.

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Viĭk, T. Rėleevskoe rassei͡a︡nie v odnorodnoĭ ploskoparallelʹnoĭ atmosfere. Tallinn: "Valgus", 1989.

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International, Laser Radar Conference (19th 1998 Annapolis Md ). Nineteenth International Laser Radar Conference: Abstracts of papers presented at a conference sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. ... [et al.], and held at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, July 6-10, 1998. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.

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Mishchenko, Michael I., Larry D. Travis, and Andrew A. Lacis. Multiple Scattering of Light by Particles: Radiative Transfer and Coherent Backscattering. Cambridge University Press, 2006.

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N, Singh Upendra, Ismail Syed, Schwemmer Geary K, Langley Research Center, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Nineteenth International Laser Radar Conference. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aerosols Atmospheric radiation. Scattering (Physics)"

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Palmer, Paul I. "2. Atmospheric physics." In The Atmosphere: A Very Short Introduction, 20–48. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198722038.003.0002.

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Earth’s atmosphere is tied closely with the Sun. The Sun emits electromagnetic radiation at a wide range of wavelengths. Radiation is transported through the atmosphere by transmission, absorption, and scattering. ‘Atmospheric physics’ outlines the Earth’s radiation budget—the incoming and outgoing radiation, equilibrium between them, and departures from this equilibrium due to increasing levels of clouds, greenhouse gases, and atmospheric aerosols. It then describes the greenhouse gases that absorb and emit radiation and the thermodynamics of the atmosphere. The importance of water, the dominant atmospheric constituent responsible for the loss of radiative energy to space and hence atmospheric cooling, and the electrical energy stored in the atmosphere are also discussed.
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Lelieveld, Jos. "Air Pollution and Climate." In The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199268030.003.0038.

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It has long been known that atmospheric pollutants can be hazardous to human health and ecosystems. This includes effects from episodic peak levels as well as the long-term exposure to relatively moderate concentration enhancements. Environmental issues related to air pollution include acidification, mostly by the strong acids from sulphur and nitrogen oxides, eutrophication by the deposition of reactive nitrogen compounds, the reduction of air quality by photo-oxidants and particulate matter, and the radiative forcing of climate by increasing greenhouse gases and by aerosol particles. Many air pollutants are photochemically formed within the atmosphere from emissions by traffic, energy generation, industry, the burning of wastes, and forest fires. The Mediterranean basin in summer is largely cloudfree, and the relatively intense solar radiation promotes the photochemical formation of ozone (O3) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN); O3 being health hazardous at levels in excess of about 100 μg/m3. Ozone is formed in the lower atmosphere as a by-product in the oxidation of reactive carbon compounds such as carbon monoxide (CO) and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), catalysed by nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2). In summer, notably the period from June to August, transport pathways of air pollution near the earth’s surface are typically dominated by northerly winds, carrying photo-oxidants and aerosol particles from Europe into the Mediterranean basin. Aerosol particles with a diameter of less than ∼10 μm (PM10) can have adverse health effects at a concentration of about 30 μg/m3 or higher. The fine mode particles (<2 μm diameter) are mostly composed of sulphates, nitrates, and particulate organic matter, whereas the coarse mode particles (≥2 μm) often contain substantial amounts of sea salt, Saharan dust (Chapter 14), and other mineral components. The aerosols can form widespread hazes that scatter and absorb solar radiation, thus reducing downward energy transfer and surface heating. Increased aerosol scattering causes a negative radiative forcing of climate (cooling tendency), to be weighted against the positive radiative forcing (warming tendency) by increasing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), halocarbons, and tropospheric ozone (IPCC 2001).
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Goody, R. M., and Y. L. Yung. "Radiation Calculations in a Clear Atmosphere." In Atmospheric Radiation. Oxford University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195051346.003.0008.

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This chapter is concerned with the requirements of numerical weather prediction and general circulation models. These numerical models always assume a stratified atmosphere and utilize a limited number of grid points in the vertical direction. Computations are repeated at many horizontal grid points and at frequent time intervals; a premium is placed on computational economy. The nested integrals involved in radiative flux and heating calculations, particularly the frequency integration, can create an unacceptable computational burden unless approximated. In this chapter we limit attention to clear-sky conditions, i.e., to absorbing constituents and a thermal source function (§2.2). For a Planck function, the formal solution, (2.86), is a definite integral involving measurable quantities, temperatures, and gaseous densities. Scattering problems, on the other hand, involve the intensity in the source function and cannot be solved by a single application of this integral. Scattering calculations will be discussed further in Chapter 8; it will be shown that scattering can be neglected if the volume scattering coefficient is not very much larger than the volume absorption coefficient. This is usually the case for aerosols in the thermal region of the spectrum. As regards boundary conditions, it is usual for clear-sky calculations to assume that the earth’s surface and the upper and lower surfaces of clouds can be treated as black surfaces in the thermal spectrum. Equations (2.86) and (2.87) are stated in terms of general boundary conditions. In the flux and heating integrals, (2.106) and (2.110), these conditions are specialized to a black surface at ground level, but they can be generalized without difficulty to include a black surface at any level or partial reflection from these surfaces, if appropriate. The equations for which efficient algorithms are required are the flux equations, (2.107) and (2.108), the heating equations, (2.110) or (2.111), and the solar flux equations, (2.115). The nested integrals are 1. the vertical integral, (2.92), for the optical depth; 2. the integral, (2.86), along the optical path; 3. the angular integral, (2.102); 4. an integral over all frequencies. We may introduce the issues by considering a restricted example, that of the intensity recorded outside the atmosphere by a downward pointing satellite spectrometer.
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Shao, Shiyong, Yinbo Huang, and Ruizhong Rao. "A Method Analyzing Aerosol Particle Shape and Scattering Based on Imaging." In Atmospheric Aerosols - Regional Characteristics - Chemistry and Physics. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/48314.

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Kumar, Sanat. "Natural vs Anthropogenic Background Aerosol Contribution to the Radiation Budget over Indian Thar Desert." In Atmospheric Aerosols - Regional Characteristics - Chemistry and Physics. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/48722.

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Dolman, Han. "Aerosols and Climate." In Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate, 58–70. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779308.003.0005.

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The chapter describes the important role aerosols may have played in the past and are still playing in today’s climate, discussing aerosol distribution, aerosol–climate interaction, aerosol–radiation interaction, aerosol–cloud interaction and aerosol–surface interaction. The biogeochemical aspects are illustrated using the CLAW hypothesis about feedback of dimethylsulphide on climate, and the role that volatile organic carbons may play in shaping today’s climate. Aerosol sources and sinks are shown and it is clear that a substantial part today originates from humans. The aerosols may interact with radiation through scattering and absorption and with clouds to change the availability of cloud condensation nuclei. The basic physics of these interactions are described. The role of volcanic explosions and dust is elucidated and, particularly, the role of dust and associated iron in glacial–interglacial transitions is discussed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Aerosols Atmospheric radiation. Scattering (Physics)"

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Orlov, Aleksey O., Alexander A. Gurulev, and Georgy S. Bordonskiy. "Attenuation of microwave radiation at millimeter waves in supercooled water of atmospheric aerosols." In XXIV International Symposium, Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii and Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2504458.

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Uzhegov, Victor N., Mikhail V. Panchenko, Vasiliy V. Polkin, Viktor V. Polkin, Yuriy A. Pkhalagov, Aleksandr G. Tumakov, and Vladimir P. Shmargunov. "Extinction and scattering of optical radiation under smoke and clean conditions." In 20th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2075150.

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Kustova, Natalia V., Anatoli G. Borovoi, Alexander V. Konoshonkin, Andrey P. Lyulyakin, Tatiana B. Zhuravleva, and Sergei M. Prigarin. "Scattering matrixes of hexagonal ice crystals of cirrus clouds calculated for problems of radiation balance." In XXIV International Symposium, Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii and Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2504452.

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Konoshonkin, Alexander V., Tatiana B. Zhuravleva, Anatoli G. Borovoi, Natalia V. Kustova, Ilmir M. Nasrtdinov, Victor A. Shishko, and Dmitry N. Timofeev. "Light scattering matrix for quasi-horizontally oriented atmospheric ice crystals for radiation transfer problems." In 26th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Gennadii G. Matvienko and Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2576405.

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Volkov, S. N., I. V. Samokhvalov, H. D. Cheong, and D. Kim. "Investigation of Asian dust from spectral characteristics of solar radiation scattering and absorption in the atmosphere." In XXII International Symposium Atmospheric and Ocean Optics. Atmospheric Physics, edited by Gennadii G. Matvienko and Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2249454.

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Belan, Boris D., Tatyana M. Rasskazchikova, Denis V. Simonenkov, Gennadii N. Tolmachev, and Aleksander V. Fofonov. "Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols over background areas of the southern part of Western Siberia observed during the IAO Complex Atmospheric Radiation Experiment carried out in December 2015." In XXII International Symposium Atmospheric and Ocean Optics. Atmospheric Physics, edited by Gennadii G. Matvienko and Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2249244.

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Satoliya, Anil Kumar, B. M. Vyas, and M. S. Shekhawat. "Long term change in atmospheric dust absorption, dust scattering and black carbon aerosols scattering coefficient parameters over western Indian locations." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONDENSED MATTER AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICC 2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5033251.

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Quan, Mu, Boris A. Kargin, and Evgeniya G. Kablukova. "Calculation by the Monte-Carlo method of optical radiation scattering by cirrus crystals in the geometric optics approximation." In 26th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Gennadii G. Matvienko and Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2576362.

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Prigarin, Sergei M., Kim B. Bazarov, and Ulrich G. Oppel. "The effect of multiple scattering on polarization and angular distributions for radiation reflected by clouds: results of Monte Carlo simulation." In 20th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2074418.

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Gritskevich, Eugenue, Polina Zviagintseva, and Igor Karmanov. "Development of computer simulation model to study the effect of radiation scattering by the atmosphere on the work of the active-pulse imaging systems." In XXV International Symposium, Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Gennadii G. Matvienko and Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2540750.

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