Academic literature on the topic 'Aesthetic values of the greenery'

Smederevo fortress is a fortified medieval town, an area of 10,5 ha. As a city park, belongs to a category of green space of general purpose. Bioecological analysis had the aim to highlight the important parameters for assessing the aesthetic values of the area. Cluster analysis was applied to determine the relatively homogenous groups of tree species. The results showed that the current state of greenery composition is not at a high level. Further improvement of the space should be directed towards highlighting a monumentality of vegetation, in order to justify the space and its history.

Urban wastelands may often be perceived as dysfunctional and unattractive, however they always seem to have environmental and sociological values, which encourage people to act spontaneously in their use. Undeveloped areas are important places in the structure of inhabiting landscape as a substitute for “natural” landscape. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to describe residents’ aesthetical preferences for urban wasteland according to the image (type of scenery) and function of this kind of urban greenery. The survey was carried out on 13 selected case studies of brownfields, neglected greenery and undeveloped areas in Warsaw. The users' aesthetical preferences as well as the behaviour of residents, which have been treated as a neighbourhood greenery, were examined and compared. A basis of the comparison was differences in the image of the visiting landscape, perceived as different types of scenery. The methods used included Visitor Employed Photography and territorial markers and a physical traces inventory. The results show the various recreational uses, thus the great potential of wasteland green areas. It also confirms the growing acceptability of free vegetation aesthetics, while also presenting differences in the choice of a particular scenery by different groups of users.

This executive summary introduces the concept paper on Green Architecture, focusing specifically on the integration of vertical greenery in urban design. Green architecture, characterized by sustainable design principles and environmental consciousness, aims to enhance urban environments by incorporating vegetation into built structures. Vertical greenery, a key component of green architecture, involves the strategic placement of vegetation on vertical surfaces such as walls, facades, and rooftops. This concept paper explores the potential of vertical greenery to mitigate environmental issues in urban areas, improve air quality, reduce the urban heat island effect, and enhance biodiversity. The paper proposes a conceptual framework for conceptualizing vertical greenery in urban design, emphasizing the importance of integrating natural elements into the built environment. It discusses various strategies for implementing vertical greenery, including the selection of suitable plant species, design considerations for irrigation and structural stability, and the incorporation of greenery into urban planning processes. Moreover, the concept paper highlights the social and economic benefits of vertical greenery, such as improved health and well-being for residents, increased property values, and enhanced aesthetics of urban spaces. It also emphasizes the role of stakeholder engagement, interdisciplinary collaboration, and ongoing monitoring and evaluation in the successful implementation of vertical greenery projects. In conclusion, this executive summary outlines the significance of incorporating vertical greenery into urban design practices as a means to promote sustainability, resilience, and livability in cities. By embracing the principles of green architecture and integrating vertical greenery into urban landscapes, cities can create healthier, more vibrant, and environmentally sustainable communities for current and future generations. Keywords: Urban, Design, Green, Architecture, Vertical.

Widelia plant (Wedelia trilobata (L) Hitchc) is a spreading herb from the Asterase family that potentially can be used as a ground cover in the roadside greenery because this plant has a faster growing rate and has aesthetic values in both leaves and flowers. The aim of this study was to observe the microclimate of the roadside greenery and the vegetative growth of widelia at three levels of the tree canopy shades in the collector and local roads of Yogyakarta City. The experiment was carried out using an inter-site design (oversite) consisting of two factors, namely road factors (collector roads and local roads) and levels of shade canopy (full > 50%, moderate 20–50% and no shade 0%). The results of the analysis of variance did not show any significant differences on the microclimate and widelia growth parameters on the collector or local roads. The wind speed, noise, and number of vehicles on the collector road showed the higher number compared to those on the local road. The results of analysis of variance in the three levels of tree canopy shade also showed significant differences in microclimate and widelia growth parameters. The lowest light intensity, air temperature, humidity, soil temperature, soil moisture, stolon length, number of leaves, number of shoots, number of segments, and dry weight plants were found in full shade level (> 50%). All observation variables did not show any significant interaction effect between the two types of roads and the three levels of tree shades.
 Keywords: canopy shade, microclimate, roadside greenery, widelia (Wedelia trilobata (L) Hitchc), Yogyakarta

(1) The research presented in this paper aims to study the value attributed to a landscape composition’s visual elements and their overall influence on how they are perceived. The historical and contemporary visual approaches to a landscape constitute its background, for example, geographical, aesthetic, iconographic, phenomenological. (2) The visual assessment method elaborated by the Polish school of landscape architecture is used in the first part of this study. It is built of three steps with corresponding tools: landscape inventory, composition analysis, and evaluation. Moreover, an expert survey is used to complete the study. The work’s novelty is completing the visual approach with an expert inquiry, which aims to solve the subjectivity issue, an inherent visual evaluation controversy. The study area comprises urban and suburban locations from the agglomeration of Poznań, Poland. (3) The research results indicate the significant contribution of three visual elements to the positive assessment of landscape values: greenery, built heritage, and water. The importance of the composition is also demonstrated. (4) The main research findings show that visual evaluation tools should be implemented as part of sustainable spatial planning. Their implementation permits identifying the essential positive value in the existing landscape and creating guidelines for its preservation or enhancement. The article’s significance is the effect of proposing real and possible guidelines to improve the spatial planning policy, making landscape management more sustainable.

Abstract. Urban mountains shape the spatial and landscape structure of cities. Rapid urbanization and an increase in real estate developments have led to the erosion of unique urban landscape features. However, mountain cities boast distinctive terrain and landscapes, endowing them with a wealth of scenic resources and aesthetic appeal. Residents' growing concern for their living environment's quality and scenic beauty impacts property values during urban development. Mountain landscapes, vital natural elements of mountain cities, are studied less in their effect on housing prices compared to water features and urban greenery, despite their unique appeal to residents. This study integrates various sources of urban data with subjective analysis of human behavior and the multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) to assess the factors affecting housing prices in mountain cities. It examines the spatial distribution and influence of street view elements on property values and uses gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) to analyze visual perception characteristics of street views. Research findings reveal urban street view elements, especially mountain views, significantly affect housing prices with pronounced spatial heterogeneity, this spatial unevenness also shifts with urban development, influencing housing prices.

Urban green areas have multifunctional benefits that may mitigate unfavorable health and ecological effects. Green areas represent important biodiversity hideouts in anthropogenic regions. Lawns are the most common elements of urban greenery, covering a considerable number of green areas in cities. The aim of this analysis was to gain knowledge on urban greenery and elaborate recommendations related to management that favors grass lawn biodiversity. The established working hypothesis is that the limited intensity of management in urban grass areas is reflected in the modification of their species composition, as well as their potential ecological functions. An experiment on the management of city lawns was conducted in 2010 (still ongoing). There are three lawn variants under different management methods: ornamental, city, and permaculture lawns. Vegetation was assessed using the method of phytocoenological relevés. The coverage values of the individual plant species were processed using multidimensional analysis of ecological data. The results showed that human decisions and activities affected the species composition of these grassy areas. There were 46 plant taxa found during the monitoring: 12 in ornamental lawn variants, 24 in city lawn variants, and 31 in permaculture lawn variants. Permaculture lawns with extensive management represent the most environmentally friendly variant with respect to biodiversity and soil moisture content. However, changes in species composition have raised questions regarding the extent to which they may perform other ecosystem functions. Increasing the intensity of lawn management has resulted in lower plant diversity. Extensive management alters the aesthetic value of lawns and creates spaces for species that may spread in urban environments.

Abstract Globally, extreme weather events are occurring more often, with increased intensity due to anthropogenic climate change. For example, in July 2022, monthly average temperature in Spain was 2.7 C above average, and UK has recorded temperatures above 40 degrees for the first time. It has been proven that implementation of green spaces in cities helps to address environmental, social, and even economic problems by providing ecological services, reducing temperature, and attenuating the heat island effect, providing aesthetic enjoyment, recreational opportunities and decreased stress levels. However, green infrastructure is rarely prioritised by developers. It has been argued that, due to space constraints, green infrastructures are an inefficient land use, costly to maintain, and that there is uncertainty if green infrastructures are valued by the market. This paper reports on results from a study examining the attractiveness and the effect of green spaces on housing market customer’ perceptions. To analyse the impact of green spaces, we worked with landscape architects and residential housing developers designing a multi apartment building with a courtyard. The courtyard area was designed accordance to The Green Area Factor resulting in five courtyard designs, each with a different level of greenery. All five designs were presented in dynamic virtual views and embedded in a survey questionnaire. Maintenance costs of all five green spaces were calculated. The findings shows that greenery does effect the perceived attractiveness of residential development. Maintenance costs for the courtyards, with lowest and highest level of greenery, differ by approximately 10 percent of the total maintenance costs. These findings are applicable in the context of new housing construction and renovation projects.

The continuous presence of the landscape concept in planning and design of the Banja Luka area until the end of the 20th century influenced the formation of the identity of Banja Luka as a green city. However, in the last twenty years, there is an absence of the green city concept from planning and designing of Banja Luka's area. In order to improve the state of urban greenery and achieve the satisfactory condition of the endangered landscape elements, this paper re-examines their significance for the city. The green infrastructure has ecological, social and aesthetic functions and it becomes an imperative in defining the strategic goals of a sustainable city. The study showed, that there are possibilities of increasing the size of green areas and improving the quality of green areas in the built city tissue. One of those possibilities is transformation of the existing brownfields into green areas. From the perspective of urban planning, the purpose of this paper is to point out the possibility of implementing the greenways in the city structure for the case study in Banja Luka. In this context, the research focuses on the area of the former Incel factory and the ability to transform the abandoned railways into a greenway. In this research, the sustainable spatial development context of Banja Luka is regarded as a permanent category which includes, among the others, the ambient values, the spirit of the place and the features of a green city are important for the city's inhabitants.

Many individuals and businesses enhance the central design of their homes or offices with living interior plants. While the aesthetic values of interior greenery are obvious, some research has suggested that interior living plants may offer some psychological and restorative values, such as reduced tension, better coping mechanisms, and increased concentration and attention. The main objective of this research was to investigate the impact of plants within a university classroom setting on course performance, course satisfaction, and student perceptions of the instructor. The study was designed to include a minimum of two classes of the same coursework, taught by the same professor in the same room. Three sets of two classes each, and ≈500 students were included within the study. Throughout the semester, the experimental class of students was treated by including an assortment of tropical plants within the classroom. Plants were not present in the control classroom of the study. A survey administered to each classroom of students at the end of the semester asked students to provide demographic data including class rank, gender, and grade point average. The professor for each course provided information on each student's grade for the course, as well as overall quantitative information on how well students were satisfied with the experience they had within the course. The results demonstrate value added to the classroom experience and help to justify consideration of the added expense of interior plants in meeting the goals of instructor and curriculum.

This dissertation defends an answer to the question: to what extent, if any, are aesthetic values in art objective? I defend what I call Moderate Aesthetic Objectivism, which can be summarised as follows. A work of art has a certain aesthetic value if and only if a human critic, in the circumstances ideal for the aesthetic experience of that work, would experience the work as having that aesthetic value. ‘Experience’ here is meant in a broad sense, encompassing imagination and understanding as well as perception. We should regard such a critic as someone who would detect the aesthetic value rather than make it the case that the work had that value. Experiencing a work as being aesthetically valuable in a certain way involves having an aesthetic experience which is itself valuable. Such an experience will be pleasurable, often in complex ways. Although critics in ideal circumstances for the aesthetic experience of a work detect aesthetic values rather than making it the case that the work has certain aesthetic values, the work only has those values because the resultant aesthetic experiences had by such critics are themselves valuable. The aesthetic values of a work are, however, realised by properties of the work which dispose it to cause such valuable aesthetic experiences for humans in the circumstances ideal for the aesthetic experience of the work. Those properties are what is aesthetically valuable in the work, and they are objective in the sense that their existence and character is independent of whether they are detected or responded to. This account therefore retains elements of both subjectivist and objectivist approaches to aesthetic value. It can, I argue, make sense of our conflicting intuitions about the objectivity or subjectivity of aesthetic values in art.

The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty requires parties: 'to identify within a systematic environmental-geographical framework ... areas of outstanding aesthetic and wilderness value' (Annex V, article 3.2). In order to develop these frameworks, procedures and techniques used in environmental planning are considered for their applicability and practicality in the severe Antarctic environment. The phrase in the Protocol is taken as two separate topics. Concepts of wilderness are examined first, and it is concluded that the whole continent should be seen as wilderness, with this designation being modified only for those areas in which human influence is visible. In order to understand 'aesthetic values', interpretations given to landscape are considered, before examining the techniques developed in the United Kingdom for landscape assessment, and those used in the United States which are termed visual resource management. Procedures, primarily based on the most recent practice in the United Kingdom, are developed, before testing by fieldwork on the Peninsula. Landscape assessment is seen as a widescale planning procedure, distinct from, though essential to, the site-specific techniques required for environmental impact assessment (EIA). Objective description and classification of the landscape forms the basis of the methodology, with subjective aspects following in the form of clearly stated criteria so as to identify 'areas of outstanding value'. During evaluation comparisons may only be made on a 'like with like' basis, eg glaciers with glaciers, islands with islands. If desired, areas may then be designated under the procedures given in the Protocol.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2000.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-130).<br>This dissertation examines the epistemological significance of "truth," "rationality," and the "aesthetic" first in the nineteenth-century definitions of the nature of Gothic and, then in more recent twentieth-century debates about objectivity. My study links the Aristotelian notion of practical reasoning to aesthetic cognition, and brings to surface the scientific, moral, and ethical arguments, which have been ignored by contemporary architectural criticism. The theoretical foundation of my argument lies in the work of analytic philosophers and literary theorists such as Hilary Putnam, Nelson Goodman and Satya P. Mohanty. These writers emphasize the rational and affective nature of our aesthetic experience and our aesthetic values and judgments, and propose a sophisticated account of objectivity by reexamining the actual nature of the "hard" sciences, interpreting them as complex, coordinated social practices. By drawing upon this understanding of objectivity, particularly as it relates to politics, I hope to bring to light a theoretical alternative to post-modernism in architecture that can enable us to explain the relationship of architecture to political power without abandoning the values of aesthetics, truth or rationality. My dissertation mediates between the disciplines of philosophy, literary theory, and architecture and tries to create space for inquiry wherein the epistemological, the theoretical, and the historical are interconnected.<br>by Ritu Bhatt.<br>Ph.D.

Literature in art education suggests a link between aesthetic experiences and value awareness. The existence of such a link could have important implications for the role of art education in our schools, answering to the often expressed need to address values within our educational programs. However, most available work on this subject is theoretical, and often based on untested prior assumptions. Therefore claims to knowledge of this link cannot yet be explicitly made.<br>It is my contention that an inquiry into the nature of aesthetic experiences is required before subsequent claims to knowledge of its relation to value awareness can be made. I also believe that phenomenology offers the best suited method for carrying out such an investigation.<br>This thesis is therefore concerned with the rationale for the need of a phenomenological investigation into aesthetic experiences: justifications being provided on the basis of the available literature and the phenomenological method itself.

Thesis (PhD (Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Unless Africans and their leaders make a concerted effort to rid themselves of the harmful legacy of colonial spirituality by adopting new motives for living, entering into new relationships with themselves on the plane of beneficial values, Africa will not be able to escape the social, environmental, political and economic afflictions that currently beset her. The colonial forces that burst into Africa with violence from minds bent on foreign conquest were primarily driven by an ethos of covetousness that has come to characterize the existing international order. Stealing, not only of natural resources has continued side by side with the denuding of the very souls of people – as has happened so successfully in Africa – of their humanity. There is evidence that human existence has been beleaguered and governed by an unviable microphysical framework (mindset and spirituality). In the midst of what appears to be a bewilderingly dynamic, turbulent and complex world, this spirituality looms large, gaining a stronghold resulting in disconnectedness among self-worshipping humans and their environment. We now live in a world governed by a distructive innate iniquity that produces overwhelming inequity among humans and unprecedented damage in the natural environment that sustains us. This study draws from and connects the evidence provided by ancient history with current macro-physical endeavours to demonstrate that this micro-physicality still holds sway, albeit under various manifestations. Having been in a state of war with itself and its living environment, humanity has reached what observers have acknowledged as a crossroads. In the violence that has engulfed all humans since time immemorial, as evidenced in the co-existence of poverty and affluence, pandemics driven by a wide variety of illnesses, huge disparities in wealth within and between national economies, energy and environmental depletion and degradation that have earned us the unprecedented crisis of global warming, this crossroads has made itself very present. A particular kind of mentality and spirituality has taken us to this point. It is a spirituality that is obviously devoid and incapable of producing beauty of harmony and communion among us irrespective of our diversity, whether in race, culture, knowledge discipline or geographic space. The macro-physical condition we are experiencing cannot be viewed in isolation from the spirituality that produced it. We are now in an unsustainable world that must have been the fruit of an unsustainable spirituality. The answers to our global dilemma must fundamentally be sought not in any new technologies that emanate from the same mindset, but in a renewed mind and in a different pattern of spirituality. This study probes the dominant world mindest that directed the globally pervasive Western civilization and reviews some major historical and cultural trends that, it argues, have brought humanity to the zenith of its “world-hunt”-culture. This is a “world- hunt” of self-mutilation that manifested itself in Europe, the near-east, Asia and Africa over more than four millennia ago. The deforestation, land degradation, oppression of the poor, hunger, hatred that drives terrorist attacks, climate changes that drive natural disasters and the loss of species, are all the unmistakable bitter fruit of such a culture. It is a culture characterized and propelled by the absence of what this study coins as “aesthetic relational values”. This dominant mindset has strewn all over our globe various rule-based governance institutions characterized by an ethos of central control, manipulating people’s lives for self-centred gain. Though many of these institutions come in various garbs of apparent benevolence, faith-based, trade-based, knowledge/science-based and political governance bodies, all are adherents of the same worldview that is firmly grounded in a merciless and destructive pantheistic, and nature-worship belief system traceable to ancient Egypt. Many of these institutions, today, publicly claim to be proponents of sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and peace among the nations of the world, yet they are still clinging, esoterically, to a cosmological perspective of nature-worship that glorifies self-worship and disregards the well-being of others. The study contrasts this dominant spirituality with the Afrocentric one based on a knowledge system that propounds a belief in a compassionate and merciful Creator-God who is the source of all nature, including the human family, as illustrated in the daily lives of amaMbo peoples whose geographic origins are traced to ancient Ethiopia. As the former continues to make a nonentity of the Creator-God, Africans, realizing the spiritual bankruptcy of a self-glorification ethic that has polarised the people and ravaged their continent through rule-based institutions, are returning, in large numbers, to this knowledge system of their ancient fathers on which their social institutions of shared and consensus-based decision-making and governance, from the basic social unit as the family, to national political relations, were founded. In several encounters these patterns of spiritualities have produced unsavoury outcomes. In the Cape’s more-than-a-century long, bitter and protracted encounter between a branch of amaMbo called amaXhosa, that began with the seventeenth century arrival of the Western “world-hunt” culture through the Calvinist Dutch East India Company traders, Africa and the entire world have been provided, simultaneously, with indisputable evidence of the destructiveness of self-indulgent living on the one hand and the efficacy, on the other, of a relational aesthetic as a viable alternative out of the humanitarian and environmental crises that confront our globe. Views and principles regarding the harmonious living of life on earth have been advocated by many a great leader since antiquity. They have been vindicated in the lives of ancient Israelite patriarchs such as Abraham and Moses, who led his kinsmen out of the Egyptian bondage that lasted over four centuries; in the life of Tolstoy, who chose to be excommunicated from a society that regarded these principles with disdain; to that of Gandhi, on whom Tolstoy was a tremendous influence, and effectively applied them to unshackle a whole nation from British subjugation; and Dostoevsky, Tolstoy’s compatriot, who first referred to these as “aesthetic views”. These relational principles were embedded in the lifestyle of ancient Israel, lived and advocated later by the Jewish Rabbi called Jesus, whose very own people chose to shamefully murder Him rather that accept His teachings. These principles were taught, practised and handed down to His followers to influence humanity as never before. In their ancient setting these principles clashed with those of the pagan lifestyle of Egypt, Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece and Rome, which culturally shaped the Western civilization that pervades our globe. The results were centuries of enslavements, dispossessions and persecutions. In the course of history pagan beliefs crept in and mingled with orthodox Jewish rites and worship, producing an adulterated Christianity and a plethora of what are known today as nature-based religions, which still uphold and advocate the individual gods to whom honour and worship is due rather than the Creator in the Hebrew and Afrocentric cosmologies. This study traces the effect of the absence of these relational values on the quality of the life of nations and their leaders. A remarkable trend and pattern characterized by self-mutilative living emerged among all such nations and people. Their efficacy and mutual beneficence, on the other hand, was unmistakable in societies such as that of amaXhosa, in their pre-colonial state in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa. As all of nature “groans” under the human self-mutilation caused by the impoverished spirituality in aesthetic relational values, this study argues that salvation lies in ibuyambo, the recalling of these under-appreciated relational values, and in ensuring the re-education of ourselves and our future leaders in them. The focus of the study is what these values are, the effect of their absence, how different they are to what are known as “social capital”, how they have been manifested and preserved in ancient African institutions such as the weekly memorial day of rest – the Sabbath in the creation narrative – in the lives of some individuals and people on our planet, particularly Africans and amaMbo, and the benefits they derived from respecting them. A vital observation in this study is that social systems that are driven by the motive of individual, corporate or national self-exaltation are invariably rooted in strife and discention. The conclusion is drawn that these under-appreciated relational values, aesthetic relational values, are not only a vital ingredient to the quest for and in all known facets of sustainability in development efforts, they hold the key to unlock the door to the mystery of “harmony” that has proven so elusive to individuals, families, communities, societies, nations and their governance systems. The study concludes, with Dostoevsky, that aesthetic relational values contain “a guarantee of tranquility” for all humanity and the natural environment that sustains them. The restoration, not only by all of Africa, of the lost spirituality of aesthetic relational values cherished by their ancient forebears, is key to the renewal of our world.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: under-appreciated relational values, and in ensuring the re-education of ourselves and our future leaders in them. The focus of the study is what these values are, the effect of their absence, how different they are to what are known as “social capital”, how they have been manifested and preserved in ancient African institutions such as the weekly memorial day of rest – the Sabbath in the creation narrative – in the lives of some individuals and people on our planet, particularly Africans and amaMbo, and the benefits they derived from respecting them. A vital observation in this study is that social systems that are driven by the motive of individual, corporate or national self-exaltation are invariably rooted in strife and discention. The conclusion is drawn that these under-appreciated relational values, aesthetic relational values, are not only a vital ingredient to the quest for and in all known facets of sustainability in development efforts, they hold the key to unlock the door to the mystery of “harmony” that has proven so elusive to individuals, families, communities, societies, nations and their governance systems. The study concludes, with Dostoevsky, that aesthetic relational values contain “a guarantee of tranquility” for all humanity and the natural environment that sustains them. The restoration, not only by all of Africa, of the lost spirituality of aesthetic relational values cherished by their ancient forebears, is key to the renewal of our world. op ons globale dilemma moet fundamenteel nie in enige nuwe tegnologieë gesoek word wat uit hierdie selfde geestesingesteldheid voortvloei nie, maar in ’n hernude sienswyse en in ’n ander spiritualiteitspatroon. Hierdie studie ondersoek die dominante wêreldingesteldheid wat die globaal omvattende Westerse beskawing gerig het en hersien ’n aantal belangrike historiese en kulturele neigings wat, volgens die argument, die mensdom tot by die toppunt van sy “wêreld-jag”-kultuur gebring het. Dit is ’n “wêreld-jag” van selfverminking wat sigself meer as vier millennia gelede in Europa, die Nabye Ooste, Asië en Afrika gemanifesteer het. Die ontbossing, grondagteruitgang, onderdrukking van die armes, hongersnood, haat wat terroriste-aanvalle aangedryf het en klimaatsveranderings, wat natuurrampe en die verlies van spesies laat toeneem het, is almal die onmiskenbare bitter vrugte van so ’n kultuur. Dit is ’n kultuur wat gekenmerk en voortgestu is deur die afwesigheid van wat hierdie studie “estetiese relasionele waardes” noem. Hierdie dominante ingesteldheid het verskeie reëlgebaseerde regeringsinstellings wat gekenmerk word deur ’n etos van sentrale beheer en die manipulering van mense se lewens vir selfgesentreerde gewin oor ons hele wêreld versprei. Hoewel baie van hierdie instellings in verskeie gewade van skynbare welwillendheid - geloofgebaseerde, handelsgebaseerde, kennis/wetenskapgebaseerde en politieke bestuursliggame - voordoen, is almal aanhangers van dieselfde wêreldbeskouing wat stewig in ’n genadelose en destruktiewe panteïstiese en natuuraanbidding-geloofstelsel gevestig is wat na antieke Egipte terugvoerbaar is. Baie van hierdie instellings maak vandag in die openbaar daarop aanspraak om voorstanders van volhoubare ontwikkeling, die uitwissing van armoede en vrede onder die nasies van die wêreld te wees, terwyl hulle nog, esoteries, vasklou aan ’n kosmologiese perspektief van natuuraanbidding wat selfverheerliking aanprys en die welsyn van ander verontagsaam. Die studie kontrasteer hierdie dominante spiritualiteit met die Afrosentriese siening wat op ’n kennissisteem gebaseer is, wat ’n geloof in ’n barmhartige en genadige Skeppergod voorstel wat die bron van alle natuur, met inbegrip van die menseras, is, soos blyk uit die daaglikse lewens van amaMbo-mense wie se geografiese oorsprong na antieke Ethiopië teruggevoer kan word. Terwyl die eersvdermelde steeds die niebestaan van die Skeppergod voorstaan, keer Afrikane – met die besef van die spirituele bankrotskap van ’n selfverheerlikende etiek wat mense gepolariseer het en hulle kontinent deur reëlgebaseerde instellings verniel het - in groot getalle terug na hierdie kennissisteem van hul voorvaders waarop hul sosiale instellings van gedeelde en konsensusgebaseerde besluitneming en regering, vanaf die basiese sosiale eenheid as die familie tot by nasionale politieke verhoudings¸ gevestig is. Hierdie patrone van spiritualiteite het in verskeie gevalle tot onaangename uitkomste gelei. In die Kaap se meer as ’n eeu lange, bittere en langdurige botsing tussen ’n tak van amaMbo bekend as amaXhosa, wat met die 17de-eeuse aankoms van die Westerse “wêreld-jag”-kultuur deur die Calvinistiese Nederlandse Oos-Indiese Kompanjie-handelaars begin het, is Afrika en die hele wêreld terselfdertyd voorsien van onbetwisbare bewys van die vernielsug van gemaksugtige lewe aan die een kant en, aan die ander kant, die doeltreffendheid van relasionele estetika as ’n lewensvatbare alternatief uit die humanitêre en omgewingskrisisse wat ons wêreld in die gesig staar. Sienswyses en beginsels omtrent ’n harmonieuse lewenswyse op aarde is al sedert die vroegste tyd deur vele groot leiers bepleit. Dit is gehandhaaf in die lewens van antieke Israelitiese patriage soos Abraham en Moses, wat sy stamverwante uit die Egiptiese slawerny van meer as vier eeue gelei het; in die lewe van Tolstoi, wat verkies het om verban te word uit ’n gemeenskap wat hierdie beginsels met minagting bejeën het; in dié van Gandhi, op wie Tolstoi ’n geweldige invloed gehad het, wat hierdie beginsels effektief toegepas het om ’n hele nasie van Britse onderwerping te bevry; en Dostojewski, Tolstoi se landgenoot, wat die eerste keer daarna as “estetiese sienswyses” verwys het. Hierdie relasionele beginsels is vasgelê in die lewenstyl van antieke Israel, en later uitgeleef en verkondig deur die Joodse Rabbi genaamd Jesus, wie se eie mense verkies het om Hom skandelik te vermoor eerder as om sy leringe te aanvaar. Hierdie beginsels is onderrig, beoefen en aan Sy volgelinge oorgedra om die mensdom te beïnvloed soos nog nooit tevore nie. Hierdie beginsels het in hulle antieke opset gebots met dié van die heidense lewenstyl van Egipte, Babilon, Medo-Persië, Griekeland en Rome, wat die Westerse beskawing wat oor die wêreld versprei is kultureel gevorm het. Die resultate was eeue van slawerny, onteienings en vervolgings. Met verloop van die geskiedenis het heidense gelowe ingesypel en met die Joodse rites en aanbidding vermeng, wat gelei het tot ’n verknoeide Christendom en ’n oorvloed van wat vandag as natuurgebaseerde gelowe bekend staan, wat steeds die individuele gode aanhang en verkondig aan wie eer en aanbidding toekom, eerder as die Skepper in die Hebreeuse en Afrosentriese kosmologieë. Hierdie studie belig die afwesigheid van hierdie relasionele waardes in die gehalte van die lewe van nasies en hulle leiers. ’n Merkwaardige verloop en patroon wat gekenmerk word deur ’n selfverminkende lewenswyse het by al hierdie nasies en mense te voorskyn getree. Hulle doeltreffendheid en wedersydse liefdadigheid is, aan die ander kant, onmiskenbaar in gemeenskappe soos dié van die amaXhosa, in hul voorkoloniale staat in die Oos-Kaapse streek van Suid-Afrika. Terwyl die hele natuur “kreun” onder die menslike selfverminking wat deur die verarmde spiritualiteit in estetiese relasionele waardes veroorsaak word, argumenteer hierdie studie dat die redding lê in ibuyambo, die herroeping van hierdie onderwaardeerde relasionele waardes, en deur seker te maak dat ons onsself en ons toekomstige leiers daarin heropvoed. Die studie konsentreer op wat hierdie waardes is, die uitwerking van die afwesigheid daarvan, hoe dit verskil van wat as “sosiale kapitaal” bekend staan, hoe dit in antieke Afrika-instellings soos die weeklikse gedenkdag van rus – die Sabbat in die skeppingsverhaal - gemanifesteer en bewaar is in die lewens van party individue en mense op ons planeet, veral Afrikane en amaMbo, en die voordele wat hulle trek uit die nakoming daarvan. ’n Belangrike waarneming in hierdie studie is dat sosiale stelsels wat deur die motief van individuele, korporatiewe of nasionale selfverheffing aangedryf word, sonder uitsondering aan onenigheid en verdeeldheid gekoppel is. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat hierdie onderwaardeerde relasionele waardes, estetiese relasionele waardes, nie slegs ’n noodsaaklike onderdeel in die soeke na en in alle bekende fasette van volhoubaarheid in ontwikkelingspogings is nie, maar dat hulle die sleutel is tot die ontsluiting van die misterie van “harmonie” wat so ontwykend vir individue, families, gemeenskappe, samelewings, nasies en hul regeringstelsels geblyk het. Die studie kom, saam met Dostojewski, tot die gevolgtrekking dat estetiese relasionele waardes ’n “waarborg van kalmte” bevat vir die hele mensdom en die natuurlike omgewing wat ons onderhou. Die herstel deur meer as net die hele Afrika van die verlore spiritualiteit van estetiese relasionele waardes wat deur hulle antieke voorgeslagte gekoester is, is die sleutel tot die vernuwing van ons wêreld.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the processes surrounding the assessment of places of cultural significance in Australia, and the extent to which they are achieving some of their key objectives.In the 1970s, Australia challenged the conventions of many other countries by developing a methodology for heritage assessment that aimed at identifying all the qualities that make a place significant. This contrasted with traditional practices that focussed on architectural style, design or historic associations. The Australian paradigm identifies four key evaluative criteria against which to assess the evidence about a place: aesthetic, historic, scientific and social value. This systematic, criterion based approach is now nationally regarded as representing best practice and has been adopted in all state heritage legislation. Internationally, several countries have developed codes of practice substantially on the basis of the Australian model.One consequence of the widespread acceptance of the principles used in Australia is a lack of investigation into their successful application. The methodology has come to function as a ‘primary frame’, a way of thinking that is so widely accepted it is applied without question. The concern with any primary frame is that those working within its parameters can become ‘frame blind’ and fail to recognise any disjunction between the frame’s objectives and the outcomes it achieves. One of the aims of this thesis is to draw attention to the presence and dominant nature of this primary frame and encourage greater critical reflection on the professional practice of cultural heritage.The research program undertaken for this thesis focuses on the particular issue of how the primary frame allows for the identification of cultural heritage values held by past communities. In examining this subject it addresses several key questions: Which places did historic communities value? Can such places be assessed in terms of contemporary heritage values as set out by the primary frame? What other forms of assessment may be valid? To what extent do places identified by today’s society as having heritage values correlate to those valued by historic communities? What implications does the identification of places valued by historic communities have for contemporary land management agencies? Are there other forms of assessment that could be developed to uncover historic community places and values?In addressing these questions, this thesis challenges many of the conventions that have developed around the current assessment methodology; conventions that work to undermine the holistic objective of the primary frame. The study does not, however, seek to develop an alternative model for heritage assessment and the approaches it uses are consistent with the primary frame. Nevertheless, the approaches may be confronting to many practitioners.The research program focussed on the physically and temporally discrete historic community living in what is now the Shire of Augusta-Margaret River in Western Australia between 1832 and 1880. From the extensive collection of letters, journals and diaries written by settlers held in local archives, places that were significant to the historic community were identified. Omissions were then identified by comparing these to places identified on other heritage lists.The findings demonstrate the extent to which the primary frame is being reframed through conventions and unofficial practices, and the degree to which this is overlooked, despite being inconsistent with the broad objectives of the primary frame. Some places that were significant to the historic community have been identified as important, but there is little acknowledgement in these assessments of past cultural associations. Other places have not been identified because they no longer have the same degree of significance that was accorded to them by the historic community.This thesis concludes that the potential for the primary frame to result in more holistic heritage assessments has yet to be realised, and that the assessment process is being constrained by conventions and reframing. In order to effect change, the evaluative criteria need to be more rigorously and expansively applied.In line with the regulations of Curtin University, this thesis is presented as a series of eight papers published in refereed publications. They are supported by four chapters, which introduce the topic, provide a theoretical context, explain the methodological approach and draw together the conclusions of the research. Each paper also has a brief introduction. Together, the papers and supporting material form the thesis.

The Getty Center for Education in the Arts has issued a set of documents containing descriptions of its discipline-based art education program (DBAE). This program has been criticized as promoting a set of aesthetic values based solely in the Western fine art tradition, and hence may be insensitive to the educational needs of a modern democratic pluralistic society. Aesthetic value in this study refers to any criteria by which one visual experience is considered to be of greater import or value than another. Although the documents describing these values have been both attacked by critics and defended by the Getty, no sustained and in-depth analysis has been conducted to determine the nature and larger context of the aesthetic values they promote. This study analyzes the body of documents issued by the Getty in order to discover the nature of the aesthetic values and their larger context and purpose. Content analysis was performed on the publicly available Getty documents and all statements containing references to the nature, function, value, appreciation, criteria, standards, and judgment of art were extracted, analyzed and then classified and explicated insofar as they pertained to the criteria for determining superiority in a visual experience. Six criteria for aesthetic value were identified and characterized. These criteria defined the standard for superiority in terms of the art work, the fine art tradition, the visual code, literacy, and intellectual, cultural, and formal values. It was discovered that these criteria were part of a larger body of values which is based in the humanities tradition. After a discussion concerning the impact these values have in a modern democracy and the implications for Canadian art education, the study concludes that the kinds of aesthetic values promoted by the Getty's DBAE program are monocultural in that they exalt and promote only the values of the Western fine art tradition, and hence, may not be appropriate as the sole basis for art education in a pluralistic society. Curriculum frameworks for discipline-based art education which allow a more culturally democratic approach to the treatment of aesthetic values are available and these, rather than the Getty formulations should be utilized when designing discipline-based art education curricula.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Graduate

Abstract Performance, cost, and safety drive the coatings industry. Safer and environmentally friendly coatings continue to be a hot topic of discussion globally; however, the adoption of greener coating technologies is slow, especially in the US. This could be attributed to many factors, but from the formulator's perspective, performance is key. Waterborne coatings have been used in architectural applications for decades, but typically these coatings are valued mostly for aesthetics, ease of use, and low cost. The use of waterborne coatings in industrial applications, where higher performance is required, is still uncommon. FEVE fluoropolymer resins are known in the industry as having outstanding durability in exterior industrial and architectural applications. The original FEVE fluoropolymers were synthesized in solvent, but are now available in several water based grades, both emulsion and dispersion. This paper will review the performance of several waterbased formulations based on FEVE resins including a 2K waterbased polyurethane system and a 1K system based on a blend of acrylic and FEVE emulsion. Results of long-term weatherability (QUV-A and Xenon Arc) and corrosion resistance (Prohesion) will be reviewed. A comparison of the final results to that of an FEVE-based solventborne 2K coating will also be made. And finally, an overview of the latest grade of FEVE waterbased emulsion will be discussed.

Cities in the Czech Republic and nearby Central Europe usually have a very long tradition. This post shows changes in the long run in the scope and function of green and water areas in selected municipalities. Most of the cities in the region were founded in the Middle Ages, from the 10th to the 13th century. At this time, the issue of water and green cities was directed purely at the utility function of drinking water and food supply. The exception at this time was only the gardens of noble and tin buildings. Over time, the towns focused more on public greenery and water infrastructure for ornamental and recreational purposes. This phenomenon was most significant during the time of the Austria-Hungarian monarchy, from the mid-19th century to the First World War. The post-war period was marked by the return to utilitarian values of public space, and the blue-green infrastructure was again pushed to the edge of interest. Municipalities are resorted to the restoration or creation of new areas of green and water elements in connection with climate change.

In this paper, we analyse graphic and multimedia works that the IT design students of the Zagreb University of Applied Sciences (TVZ) created during the semester as part of a communication strategy aimed at the general public. The students used tools and knowledge in graphic design and, taking into account all the settings for creating a quality design solution, presented their visual solutions under the mentorship of their professors. These works were exhibited during June and July 2024 at the Nikola Tesla Technical Museum in Zagreb in the �Isolation - Creative Studying� exhibition. The task is part of the Croatian Science Foundation and the Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency project �Isolated people and communities in Slovenia and Croatia (ISOLATION)�. The presented works depict isolation in two ways. On the one hand, isolation is interpreted as social disconnection and personal melancholy; on the other hand, it is experienced as a motivating and creative challenge. Revitalising isolation emphasises values crucial to the contemporary understanding of a successful and fulfilling life. The communication segment of the student work is achieved through the aesthetic values of their interpretations.

Is important that architecture is the product of more than the aesthetic concerns of the architect and the practical concerns of the client. It straddles two realms: that of the fine arts and that of the highly practical and utilitarian. In its dual nature, architecture is most often cast as a high art; the outcomes of architectural thinking and making are celebrated, analyzed, and documented for their aesthetic significance as art objects. Architecture’s impact as a service, being practical and useful, are deemed less worthy by both the discipline and profession. Pivotal Constructions of Unseen Events reconstitutes a new reading of American history from 1871-2020, a period marked by tremendous national growth and building, alongside the rise of new shared ideas, practices, and customs that have shaped—and continue to shape—the structures of American society alongside the structures of its built environment.Through the construction of five narratives for five buildings of architectural origin, this research examines the social, technological, material, and economic forces that led to their emergence and construction, as well as the outcomes that arose in society afterward. Pivotal Constructions demonstrates—through the close reading of buildings—how to understand architecture as historical event rather than historical artifact. Whereby architecture’s historical significance is not solely as a static object (or artifact), but rather as something that happened and happens (an event), transforming and shaping history in unexpected and significant ways. This approach gathers and reassembles evidence of architecture’s historical significance, elements hence claimed by other narratives, absorbed by other disciplines, and told by other actors. This method of re-constructing architectural history, is meant to recapture a fuller gamut of architecture’s impact on and in society.For VIBRArch 2022, this author presents one of these narratives: “Building the American Dream”, the history of how the arrival in 1908 of the Gamble House (Greene and Greene Architects) played a part in the genesis of the single-family, detached house, which has become a potent and defining symbol of American values and morals.

The inclusion of greenery in spatial planning has an irreplaceable function. Not only do these areas fulfill an aesthetic function in otherwise monotonous areas of villages and towns, but they also significantly affect the quality of life of local citizens. These are primarily areas that provide a space for people to meet in a pleasant green environment and, thus, an opportunity to relax and recharge their batteries as a result of the positive effect of greenery on the human psyche. At the same time, green areas supplemented by water features provide the necessary shade and a more pleasant climate on hot summer days, when city centers tend to be hot and expose citizens to excessive temperatures and high thermal stress. For this reason, studies on thermal comfort analyses are still being carried out, especially in large cities, to determine the impact of green spaces and accompanying water features on thermal comfort and the health and psyche of residents. In addition to the role of greenery itself on public life in communities and its aesthetic function, blue-green infrastructure has a significant impact on the enrichment of local biodiversity, serving as an interactive element with the surrounding nature and thus providing a refuge for various species, from insects to songbirds and small mammals.

In this work, the author's attention is focused on the design of urban architectural physical structures where green vegetation forms have a key and successful influence on the integrative cultural-artistic and aesthetic harmonization of relations in the cultural-historical inherited space. Examples from different parts of the world are presented, which show the significant importance of vegetation and natural structures in the design and realization of buildings, especially in the exterior part, ground floor, facades, roofs, etc., where organic connection, the combination of green with artifactual urban construction material, brings new changes in the design of the iconographic-ecological character and cultural-building diversity in the environment. The visionary possible strategic directions of the identity-historical development of urban agglomerations in the world are also presented with the intention of reducing the complexity and contradictions in the design of horizontal and vertical urban architectural green dimensions. Indicative examples essential for an approach to non-globalist planning of future green urban architectural physiognomy of useful surfaces in public space were analyzed.

Green walls or vertical greenery represent an innovative approach to the integration of greenery in the urban environment. The paper will explain green walls as a sustainable urban solution. The aim of the work is to highlight the ecological, aesthetic, and functional aspects of green walls, emphasizing their contribution to air quality improvement and the visual appeal of city spaces. The paper will present concrete achievements and benefits of the implementation of green walls worldwide, the percentage of green areas in cities, and legal regulations defining a certain percentage of green areas with the goal of reducing the effects of greenhouse gases. At the recently held COP28 conference in the United Arab Emirates, the focus was on climate change and planetary warming caused by the effects of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels for energy. In addition to reducing fossil fuels and exploring alternative energy sources, minimizing harmful gases can also positively impact the increased presence of green areas in urban spaces, a topic further discussed in the paper itself.

Wetlands in the arid Central Basin and Range (“Central Basin”) ecoregion of Utah are scarce but provide important functions including critical habitat for wildlife including Species of Greatest Conservation Need and migratory birds, water quality improvement, and recreational and aesthetic values. The Utah Geological Survey (UGS) conducted a study in 2019 and 2020 to better understand the location, type, condition, and potential function of wetlands in the ecoregion. This study focused on areas in the Great Salt Lake and Escalante Desert-Sevier Lake (“Sevier Basin”) HUC6 watersheds within the Central Basin to complement previous work by the UGS that focused on other watersheds in the ecoregion.

The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) engages and collaborates with multiple stakeholders—from agency partners, to public, private, and not-for-profit organizations, to community residents—to develop its dredged-sediment long-term management strategy (LTMS) that expands benefi-cial-use (BU) practices. In spring 2019, USACE collaborated with Decision Partners, the USACE–Philadelphia District Operations Division, The Wetlands Institute, and the Engineering With Nature program leadership to adapt, test, and refine the proven behavioral-science-based processes, methods, and tools based on Decision Partners’ Mental Modeling Insight, or MMI, approach for engaging stakeholders, including community members, as part of the Seven Mile Island Innovation Laboratory (SMIIL) initiative in coastal New Jersey. The team identified key community stakeholders and conducted research to better understand their values, interests, priorities, and preferences regarding wetlands and USACE activities in the Seven Mile Island area and those activities’ effects on wetlands, including protecting the environment, wildlife habitat, aesthetic beauty, maintaining navigability, and supporting coastal resilience. Understanding stakeholder needs, values, interests, priorities, and preferences is key to designing effective engagement strategies for diverse communities for SMIIL and provides a foundation for the community engagement framework currently being developed for application across USACE.

This report presents the parks and green walls we visited on our study visit in Paris (15th-19th of August 2022). We aimed to study green spaces, which represent a good or exceptional practice of ecological design. Ecological design, in an urban landscape context, can be described as the integration of aesthetic and ecological aspects in urban green space design. Supporting ecological processes, biodiversity and providing high aesthetical and recreational values are objectives of ecological design. The visited green spaces varied in their degree and focus on how aesthetical and ecological aspects were integrated. All objects were exceptional regarding one or several aspects such as the choice of plant material, structural and vegetation complexity or the degree in which ecological processes and biodiversity were given space. For us it was very interesting to see and discuss these varying approaches and how we perceived to which degree aesthetical and ecological goals were reached.

Sweden’s Environmental Quality Objectives (EQOs) have been adopted to help describe the environment the country wishes to achieve, and are a promise to future generations of clean air, a healthy living environment, and rich opportunities to enjoy nature. Here, we assessed selected socio-economic indicators adapted from the Montréal Process for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests (MP) to examine trends in the Swedish forest sector of direct relevance to the EQOs. We did this with the aim of raising awareness about important socio-economic dimensions related to the EQOs, and to explore the linkages between the EQOs and the forest bioeconomy. We focused on the forest sector because of its central importance to meeting the EQOs, and fundamental social and economic roles it plays in Swedish society. The MP was chosen as our guiding framework because it was developed to assess national-level sustainable forest conservation and management, thus, incorporating critical economic, environmental and social dimensions. We applied a mixed methods approach based on a literature review, analyses of national and multilateral databases, and consultation with experts to identify and interpret selected indicators. We identified forest sector socio-economic indicators relevant to the EQOs related to forest property and ownership, economic value and consumption of wood and wood products, employment, wood energy, access to greenery, per capita forest availability, and cultural values. Interpretation of national-level indicators estimated for the 2000-2020 period point to overall progress toward maintaining forest conservation and production areas and a sector that has added substantial economic value through the processing of wood and wood products. Forests are an importance source of renewable energy and increasingly support the location of non-wood energy sources through the placement of wind power mills across forested lands. Downward trends were observed in fewer forest owners, a shrinking workforce, and per capita forest area which might be explained by processes of bequeathing, higher industry efficiencies and continued population growth. Selected indicators related to production forests, wood energy, per capita protected forests and cultural importance suggest these can directly support relevant EQOs including living forests, limited climate impact, rich plant and animal life. Through exports and hiring foreign workers, the Swedish forest sector has kept a direct linkage with the consumption of wood products abroad and in supporting economic wellbeing in lesser-developed nations through wages from forestry and non-wood seasonal employment, respectively. There is limited current information on cultural aspects such as heritage values and reindeer herding. Available data suggest a declining trend in damages to cultural remains within forest felling areas. We recommend regular and periodic assessment of the cultural and conservation values for Swedish forests to strengthen the ability to assess social and ecological sustainability relevant to the EQOs.

The article investigates the immortality of books, collections, including those, translated into foreign languages, composed of the publications of publications of worldview journalism. It deals with top analytics on simulated training of journalists, the study of events and phenomena at the macro level, which enables the qualitative forecast of world development trends in the appropriate contexts for a long time. Key words: top, analytics, book, worldview journalism, culture, arguments, forecast.The article is characterized intellectual-spiritual, moral-aesthetic and information-educational values of of scientific and journalistic works of Professor Mykola Hryhorchuk “Where are you going, Ukraine?” and “Freedom at the Barricades”. Mykola Ivanovych’s creative informational and educational communication are reviews, reviews, reviews and current works of writers, poets, publicists. Such as Maria Matios, Vira Vovk, Roman Ivanychuk, Dmytro Pavlychko, Yuriy Shcherban, Bohdan Korsak, Hryhoriy Huseynov, Vasyl Ruban, Yaroslav Melnyk, Sofia Andrukhovych. His journalistic reflections are about memorable events of the recent past for Ukrainians and historical figures are connected with them. It is emphasized that in his books Mykola Hryhorchuk convincingly illuminates the way to develop a stable Ukrainian immunity, national identity, development and strengthening of the conciliar independent state in the fight against the eternal Moscow enemy. Among the defining ideological and political realization of the National Idea of Ukrainian statehood, which are mentioned in the scientific and journalistic works of M. Hryhorchuk, the fundamental ones – linguistic and religious – are singled out. Israel and Poland are a clear example for Ukrainians. In these states, language and religion were absolutized and it is thanks to this understanding of the essence of state-building and national identity that it is contrary to many difficulties achieve the desired life-affirming goal. The author emphasizes that any information in the broadest and narrow sense can be perceived without testing for compliance with the moral and spiritual mission of man, the fundamental values of the Ukrainian ethnic group, putting moral and spiritual values in the basis of state building. The outstanding Ukrainian philosopher Hryhoriy Skovoroda emphasized: “Faith is the light that sees in the darkness…” Books by physicist Mykola Hryhorchuk “Where are you going, Ukraine?” and “Freedom at the Barricades” are illuminated by faith in the Victory over the bloody centuries-old Moscow darkness.