Academic literature on the topic 'Afar language'
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Journal articles on the topic "Afar language"
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Korin, Ezequiel. "Inter/Viewing from Afar." Departures in Critical Qualitative Research 10, no. 3 (2021): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/dcqr.2021.10.3.117.
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Since 2003, journalists in Venezuela have been censored by the government, either directly or indirectly, through legal and paralegal means. As such, they have learned to tread carefully between self-censorship and retaliation, greatly impacting the way journalism is practiced there. This evocative autoethnography explores the experience of a recent émigré of Venezuela to the United States interviewing journalists in his former home country. The emergence of elements that rearticulate the sense of belonging in the interviewer are used as touch points to a reality presumably left behind, but ultimately lying dormant, ready to resurface at a moment’s notice.
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Grünke, Jonas, Bistra Andreeva, Christoph Gabriel, and Mitko Sabev. "Vocative Intonation in Language Contact: The Case of Bulgarian Judeo-Spanish." Languages 8, no. 4 (December 8, 2023): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8040284.
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The present study investigates the prosodic realization of calling contours by bilingual speakers of Bulgarian and (Bulgarian) Judeo-Spanish and monolingual speakers of Bulgarian in a discourse completion task across three pragmatic contexts: (i) neutral (routine) context—calling a child from afar to come in for dinner; (ii) positive context—calling a child from afar to get a present; and (iii) negative (or urgent) context—calling a child from afar for a chastising. Through quantitative analyses of the F0 span between tonal landmarks, alignment of pitch peaks, intensity, and durational and prominence patterns, we systematically account for the phonetic characteristics of the contours and determine their tonal composition and meaning, thereby situating them within the intonation systems of Bulgarian Judeo-Spanish and Bulgarian. It is shown that both languages use the same inventory of contours: (1) L+H* !H-% (the so-called “vocative chant”), (2) L+H* H-L%, and (3) L+H* L-%. However, their distribution differs across contexts and varieties. Monolingual and bilingual speakers of Bulgarian, on the one hand, predominantly use (1) and (2) in neutral and positive contexts and clearly prefer (3) in negative contexts. In Bulgarian Judeo-Spanish, the bilinguals also more often recur to (3) in neutral and positive contexts and generally show more variation.
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Greer, Tim. "Scandinavian bilingual and L2 interaction: A view from afar." International Journal of Bilingualism 17, no. 2 (March 26, 2013): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006912441422.
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De Witte, Elke, Vitória Piai, Garret Kurteff, Ruofan Cai, Peter Mariën, Nina Dronkers, Edward Chang, and Mitchel Berger. "A valid alternative for in-person language assessments in brain tumor patients: feasibility and validity measures of the new TeleLanguage test." Neuro-Oncology Practice 6, no. 2 (July 17, 2018): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nop/npy020.
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Abstract Background Although language deficits after awake brain surgery are usually milder than post-stroke, postoperative language assessments are needed to identify these. Follow-up of brain tumor patients in certain geographical regions can be difficult when most patients are not local and come from afar. We developed a short telephone-based test for pre- and postoperative language assessments. Methods The development of the TeleLanguage Test was based on the Dutch Linguistic Intraoperative Protocol and existing standardized English batteries. Two parallel versions were composed and tested in healthy native English speakers. Subsequently, the TeleLanguage Test was administered in a group of 14 tumor patients before surgery and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery. The test includes auditory comprehension, repetition, semantic selection, sentence or story completion, verbal naming, and fluency tests. It takes less than 20 minutes to administer. Results Healthy participants had no difficulty performing any of the language tests via the phone, attesting to the feasibility of a phone assessment. In the patient group, all TeleLanguage test scores significantly declined shortly after surgery with a recovery to preoperative levels at 3 months postsurgery for naming and fluency tasks and a recovery to normal levels for the other language tasks. Analysis of the in-person language assessments (until 1 month) revealed a similar profile. Conclusion The use of the TeleLanguage battery to conduct language assessments from afar can provide convenience, might optimize patient care, and enables longitudinal clinical research. The TeleLanguage is a valid tool for various clinical and scientific purposes.
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Hamann, Silke, and Susanne Fuchs. "How do voiced retroflex stops evolve? Evidence from typology and an articulatory study." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 49 (January 1, 2008): 97–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.49.2008.366.
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The present article illustrates that the specific articulatory and aerodynamic requirements for voiced but not voiceless alveolar or dental stops can cause tongue tip retraction and tongue mid lowering and thus retroflexion of front coronals. This retroflexion is shown to have occurred diachronically in the three typologically unrelated languages Dhao (Malayo-Polynesian), Thulung (Sino-Tibetan), and Afar (East-Cushitic). In addition to the diachronic cases, we provide synchronic data for retroflexion from an articulatory study with four speakers of German, a language usually described as having alveolar stops. With these combined data we supply evidence that voiced retroflex stops (as the only retroflex segments in a language) did not necessarily emerge from implosives, as argued by Haudricourt (1950), Greenberg (1970), Bhat (1973), and Ohala (1983). Instead, we propose that the voiced front coronal plosive /d/ is generally articulated in a way that favours retroflexion, that is, with a smaller and more retracted place of articulation and a lower tongue and jaw position than /t/.
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Ban, Kristina, Matjaž Perc, and Zoran Levnajić. "Robust clustering of languages across Wikipedia growth." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 10 (October 2017): 171217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171217.
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Wikipedia is the largest existing knowledge repository that is growing on a genuine crowdsourcing support. While the English Wikipedia is the most extensive and the most researched one with over 5 million articles, comparatively little is known about the behaviour and growth of the remaining 283 smaller Wikipedias, the smallest of which, Afar, has only one article. Here, we use a subset of these data, consisting of 14 962 different articles, each of which exists in 26 different languages, from Arabic to Ukrainian. We study the growth of Wikipedias in these languages over a time span of 15 years. We show that, while an average article follows a random path from one language to another, there exist six well-defined clusters of Wikipedias that share common growth patterns. The make-up of these clusters is remarkably robust against the method used for their determination, as we verify via four different clustering methods. Interestingly, the identified Wikipedia clusters have little correlation with language families and groups. Rather, the growth of Wikipedia across different languages is governed by different factors, ranging from similarities in culture to information literacy.
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Larson, Pier M. "Malagasy at the Mascarenes: Publishing in a Servile Vernacular before the French Revolution." Comparative Studies in Society and History 49, no. 3 (June 29, 2007): 582–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417507000631.
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European expansion from the fifteenth century produced much writing on, and sometimes in, non-European languages that served a broad array of imperial interests. Most European ventures into what one scholar has termed “colonial linguistics” were based on investigations among speakers of native tongues in the regions in which those speakers normally resided, twining language studies with observed “native” cultural qualities and setting out territories of colonial interest defined by local language and culture. Fewer colonial linguists ventured into plural societies to study the linguae francae of trade and labor that enabled communication across broad cultural and language differences, in part because such zones were considered dangerous and unstable, or lacking in mother tongues. Fewer still elected destinations of forced migration such as slave societies or freedmen's towns and villages to examine the mother tongues of persons who had come coercively from afar, though many such settings in certain periods offered a rich menu of languages for study. Those interested in the linguistic characteristics of slave societies tended to concern themselves more with the emerging European creoles, languages they could more easily understand than the native tongues of slaves or the contact languages of non-European provenance that sometimes coexisted with or preceded widespread use of European creole speeches in such locations. Today, most linguistic studies in the former slave colonies are focused exclusively on European creoles. Even recent monographs on African culture in the Americas only mention the speaking of African languages in passing, though language is a fundamental element of culture and linked in key ways to the continuity of ethnic ideas and practices. Together with the relative paucity of colonial documentation on slaves' lives and languages, the sited and topical hierarchy of colonial linguistics continues to powerfully structure historical studies of language in the former slave colonies.
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Man Kong Lum, Casey. "An Intimate Voice from Afar: A Brief History of New York's Chinese-Language Wireless Radio." Journal of Radio Studies 7, no. 2 (November 2000): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15506843jrs0702_9.
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Hamann, Silke, and Susanne Fuchs. "Retroflexion of Voiced Stops: Data from Dhao, Thulung, Afar and German." Language and Speech 53, no. 2 (May 17, 2010): 181–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830909357159.
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Wirtz, Mason. "Understanding Austria from Afar: Treating Regional Variation in the Virtu-al German as a Foreign Language Classroom." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 33, no. 3 (December 20, 2021): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v33i3.548.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced nearly every aspect of the academic world, and study abroad is no exception. Particularly in the foreign language learning sector, the unprecedented switch from in-class lectures to distance learning brought with it many challenges. Not only were language instructors tasked with creating an interactive language learning atmosphere from afar but continuing to spark student motivation while catering to a broad range of learning goals constituted a seemingly insurmountable obstacle. The following case study therefore seeks to provide an easily adaptable and interactive task-based activity for the German as a foreign language classroom that should support learners in gaining a deeper understanding of the social dimensions and usages of Austrian regional varieties. Furthermore, the activity is designed so as to be applicable in both an online as well as face-to-face classroom and accommodate foreign language instructors with less experience in digital course delivery and/or minimal access to learning management systems.
Abstract in German
Die COVID-19 Pandemie hat nahezu jeden Aspekt der akademischen Welt beeinflusst, und Study Abroad ist keine Ausnahme. Gerade im Bereich des Fremdsprachenerwerbs hat die beispiellose Umstellung von Präsenzunterricht auf Fernlehre viele Herausforderungen mit sich gebracht. Nicht nur wurden Fremdsprachenlehrer:innen mit der Aufgabe konfrontiert, eine interaktive Sprachlernatmosphäre aus der Ferne zu schaffen, sondern auch die Motivation der Schüler:innen trotz der Situation zu wecken, aufrechtzuerhalten und gleichzeitig ein breites Spektrum an Lernzielen zu berücksichtigen. Dies hat eine scheinbar unüberwindbare Hürde dargestellt. In der folgenden Fallstudie handelt es sich daher um die Bereitstellung einer leicht adaptierbaren und interaktiven task-based Aktivität für den Deutsch als Fremdsprachenunterricht, die Lernende dabei unterstützen soll, ein tieferes Verständnis der sozialen Dimensionen und Verwendungen österreichischer Regionalvarietäten zu erlangen. Darüber hinaus ist die Aktivität so konzipiert, dass sie sowohl im Online- wie auch im Präsenzunterricht Einsatz finden und von Fremd-sprachenlehrer:innen mit wenig(er) Erfahrung in der digitalen Abhaltung von Lehrveranstaltungen und/oder minimalem Zugang zu Lernmanagement-systemen umgesetzt werden kann.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Afar language"
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Fulmer, Sandra Lee. "Parallelism and planes in optimality theory: Evidence from afar." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282351.
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In this dissertation I show that the representations in Optimality Theory must be extended to allow multiple planes. The variable-position affixes in Afar occur as either prefixes or suffixes depending on the initial segment of the verb root. If the root begins with (i), (e(e)), (o(o)) or (u), the affix is a prefix (e.g., t-okm-e# (2-eat-perf) 'You (sg.) ate'); if it begins with (a) or a consonant, the affix is a suffix (e.g., rab-t-e# (die-2-perf) 'You died'). Additionally, plural not only appears as a prefix or a suffix, but when a suffix it can either precede or follow aspect (rab-n-e# (die-pl-perf) 'I died' vs. rab-e-n# (die-perf-pl) 'They died'). A parallel model in Optimality Theory is unable to account for the different order of affixes in forms such as rab-n-e# vs. rab-e-n#. The Multiplanar Model, which posits that output representations consist not only of a word plane but also an affix plane is able to account for this data. The representations for the two forms are: (y-e-n), (rab-e-n) and (n-e), (rab-n-e). In the first case, plural is specified as the rightmost morpheme by morphological constraints. Even though /y/, the third person marker, cannot surface on the word plane, it satisfies scONSET on the affix plane. This contrasts with the second case, where scONSET, being higher ranked than scPLURAL (scR), requires that plural occurs to the left of aspect to fill the onset position on the affix plane. I then show a serial monoplanar model can also account for this data. Finally, I compare the serial and multiplanar models, arguing that phonological evidence supports the Multiplanar Model.
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Kamil, Mohamed Hassan. "L'afar : description grammaticale d'une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie )." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INAL0008/document.
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Cette description grammaticale de l’afar s’appuie essentiellement sur des données recueillies sur le terrain auprès de très nombreux locuteurs afarophones, vivant à Djibouti, en Erythrée et en Ethiopie. La richesse des données a permis de prendre en compte les variantes dialectales tout au long de la description. Celle-ci s’organise autour de plusieurs parties : système phonologique et phonétique, système nominal, système verbal, et syntaxe de l’énoncé. Cette étude a permis de mieux évaluer l’originalité de certains traits connus mais aussi de mettre en valeur des traits peu connus voire ignorés jusqu’à présent. Citons entre autres : redéfinition du statut de la rétroflexe ; approfondissement des valeurs sémantiques et syntaxiques attachées aux différents procédés de dérivation nominale et verbale ; illustration du rôle primordial de la relative dans une langue où il n’y a pas de catégorie « adjectif » ; étude détaillée de la polarité de genre et de l’accord du verbe en genre non en nombre (accord au singulier avec un nom marqué comme pluriel) ; distinction entre noms adverbiaux et adverbes sur des critères syntaxiques; mise en valeur de la portée syntaxique et sémantique des quatre postpositions; meilleure définition de la catégorie des idéophones sur le plan morphophonologique, syntaxique et sémantique ; mise en lumière des procédés de topicalisation. En apportant un nouvel éclairage sur l’afar, à l’intérieur du couchitique et de la famille afro-asiatique, cette thèse se veut aussi une contribution à la typologie des languesThis grammatical description of Afar is mostly based on fieldwork data collected from a great number of Afar speakers living in Djibouti, Eritrea and Ethiopia. The wealth of data has allowed us to embrace dialectal variations in the description. This description has been built around several components: the phonological and phonetic system, the nominal system, the verbal system, and the syntax.This study leads us to better assess the originality of some features that are already known, and also to bring out other features that were not well known or unknown until now: redefinition of the status of retroflex consonants ; enhanced understanding of semantic and syntactic values of different processes of nominal and verbal derivation ; illustration of the crucial role of the relative clause in a language without adjectives ; detailed study of gender polarity and verb agreement in gender – and not in number – (agreement in the singular with a name marked in the plural) ; differentiation between adverbial names and adverbs on the basis of syntactic criteria ; highlight of the syntactic and semantic significance of four postpositions ; better definition of ideophones from the morphophonological, syntactic and semantic aspects ; highlight of topicalization processes. By shedding new light on Afar within the Cushitic and Afro-Asian family, this thesis aims also to contribute to language typolog*y
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Rucart, Pierre. "Morphologie gabaritique et interface phonosyntaxique : aspects de la morphologie verbale en afar." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070060.
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Ce travail est consacré à la morphophonologie du système verbal de deux langues couchitiques, principalement l'afar, et secondairement le bedja. Ces deux langues ont la particularité de posséder deux classes verbales : l'une a une flexion exclusivement suffixale, tandis que la flexion de l'autre fait appel à la fois à des préfixes et à des suffixes. La mise au jour d'une distribution du vocalisme des verbes en afar a conduit à donner une représentation des verbes à l'aide d'un unique gabarit. La mise en place d'une interface gabaritique entre phonologie et syntaxe a permis de proposer une structure hiérarchisée des domaines gabaritiques et de rendre compte des interactions entre les différentes composantes de la Grammaire. Ainsi, il a été possible de donner une analyse unifiée de la morphologie verbale pour l'ensemble des verbesThis work is dedicated to the morphophonology of verbal System in two Cushitic languages, mainly Afar, and secondarily Bedja. These two languages possess two verbal classes : one with a strictly suffixal inflection, the other with both prefixes and suffixes. The distribution of the vocalism in Afar verbs allows us to give a underlying representation of verbs with a single template. The proposition of a templatic interface between phonology and syntax gives a hierarchical structure to the templatics domains and allows one to take into account the relationships between the different components of the Grammar. Then, we are able to give a unified analysis of the verbal morphology that predicts the expected forms for all the verbs
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Barillot, Xavier. "Morphophonologie gabaritique et information consonantique latente en Somali et dans les langues Est-couchitiques." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070047.
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Ce travail est consacré à la morphophonologie des langues est-couchitiques, principalement le somali, secondairement l'afar, le rendille et l'oromo. L'analyse des mécanismes "phonologiques", notamment du mécanisme d'alternance voyelle-zéro, nécessité et permet une révision radicale de la conception classique de la "morphologie" de ces langues. Ceci conduit en effet à établir les principes originaux mais rigoureux et très simples selon lesquels "l'information consonantique sous-jacente" est gérée en surface. La récupération correcte de ce matériel sous-jacent permet alors de montrer que la morphologie de ces langues est fondamentalement et essentiellement "gabaritique". Le système verbal, en particulier, se ramène à l'exploitation d'un gabarit unique, CV[CV]CVCV, identique à celui du sémitique et du berbère. La mise en évidence d'un gabarit et de consonnes quiescentes, garanties par le mécanisme d'alternance V/O, permet de comprendre de nombreux faits qui sans cela restent isolés et inexpliquésThe work is dedicated to the morphophonology of East Cushitic languages, mainly Somali and secondarily Afar, Rendille and Oromo. The analysis of "phonological" mechanisms, particularly vowel/zero alternations, requires and allows a complete calling into question of the common conception of the "morphology" of these languages. Indeed it leads to elicit original but very strict and simple principles which rule whether "underlying consonant material" may be instantiated. It appears that the proper retrieval of this underlying material allows to prove that the morphology of these languages is fundamentally and essentially "templatic". In particular the verbal system is shown to operate from a unique template, CV[CV]CVCV, identical to the template found in the Semitic and Berber languages. The elicitation of a "template" and of "latent consonants" allows to understand and unify a series of facts which before were considered as exceptions
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Kritz, Hanna. "Nadrat al-afaq fi jaza'ir al-waqwaq : At the border of knowledge in classical Arabic literature." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för mellanösternstudier, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-42480.
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'Waqwaq' is something that is often attested in classical Arabic literature and that does not always refer to the same thing. In some cases it can be an island or even more than one. Sometimes it is a piece of land, sometimes a tree, sometimes a group of people and sometimes a bird. Waqwaq is for example found in medieval Arabic geographical texts that claims to describe the inhabited world and the end of it, which varied a lot. Today we have a geographical end to the world we live in. We know how far we can travel and we more or less know what we are going to find. But how was it in the Arabic speaking world during the Middle Ages? Where was the end of the world located and what was to be found there? This Magister's Thesis is about finding the characteristics for the Arabic geographical myth through waqwaq as a case study.
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Trott, Daniel. "Tense and aspect in Old Japanese." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:127733e2-fc21-460f-afab-f19f6d4b373a.
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This thesis analyses the nine main tense–aspect constructions in Old Japanese in more detail than ever before, exploiting the research possibilities created by the Oxford Corpus of Old Japanese. The commitment to close textual reading and the interpretation of examples in context that is characteristic of traditional Japanese scholarship is combined with a determination to explain the distributional data revealed by the Corpus. Large samples are used to produce quantitative semantic analyses, allowing a new perspective on multifunctional constructions from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. All findings are placed within the wider perspective of cross-linguistic studies of tense and aspect, an approach often missing in Old Japanese scholarship. This thesis is the most comprehensive analysis of Old Japanese tense and aspect to date. Some traditional conclusions are challenged, and light is shed on many previously unexplained phenomena. Resultative constructions are discovered to be even more pervasive in Japanese than previously thought, with at least five of the nine con-structions I look at hypothesized to have begun as resultative constructions. In most cases these constructions have broadened to also denote ongoing activities, another characteristic of Japanese. This thesis thereby contributes to the cross-linguistic understanding of resultative constructions, and to the question of the validity and nature of the distinction between activities and states. It also shows the potential of an exemplar-based model of linguistic storage, which is seen to be a powerful tool for explaining both the multifunctionality of grammatical constructions and semantic change.
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Martin, Linique. "Analysing the spontaneous speech of children with Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5541.
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Magister Artium - MAFoetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a global problem that affects various communities. FASD denotes a pattern of abnormalities intermittently seen in children born to women who consume huge quantities of alcohol during pregnancy (Church & Kaltenbach, 1997). Church and Kaltenbach (1997) suggest that FAS may be one of the primary causes of hearing, speech and other language problems in children. The two main approaches used to determine the effects of FASD on language are standardised language test (using a statistical approach to test some or all four domains of language, namely, phonology, syntax, morphology and semantics) applied to close-ended questionnaire answers and, to some extent, narrative analysis (in the course of which researchers use wordless picture books to analyse narratives in order to determine the social-communicative characteristics of individuals with FASD). Although the use of standardized measures of language might be helpful to determine problematic areas in relation to the different language domains (Wyper & Rasmussen, 2011), they do not show the difficulty with social-communicative functions which these children might be facing (Coggins, Friet, & Morgan, 1998). On the other hand, while narrative analysis addresses an important level of language (discourse level), it does not foreground the inherently interactive nature of language use and the problems that may be associated with communicative interactions. These shortcomings, in turn, suggest possible limitations in the interventions intended to address the language needs of children with FASD. There is, therefore, a need for complementary approaches that offer a more rounded picture of language impairment in children with FASD. In this study, three approaches are used in identifying features of the speech of children with FASD against the backdrop of comparisons with features in the speech of normally developing children. Firstly, conversational analysis (applied to spontaneous, open-ended speech) is introduced as a means to determine the more social-interactive aspects of speech impairment in children with FASD. Secondly, measures of linguistic aspects of speech (the mean length of utterance, Index of Productive Syntax and the number of different word roots) designed specifically for spontaneous speech are employed (they are applied to the same spontaneous data as the conversational analysis data). Thirdly, the more traditional standardized language test measures applied to non-spontaneous speech are used (covering the four domains of syntax, phonology, semantics, and pragmatics). The study’s objectives are to (1) compare patterns in the interactive speech of FASD children and normally developing children; (2) explore the relationship between FASD children and normally developing children in relation to both spontaneous speech measures and standardized measures of language; and (3) compare the impact of the primary caregiver's level of education on testing through spontaneous measures versus standardised measures. Using data from 14 children in the Bellville suburb of Cape Town, South Africa, the study finds that, on the conversational analysis measures, children with FASD, in contrast to normally developing children, tend to obey fewer rules of turn-taking, to overlap less, to engage less in self-repair and to struggle with management and maintenance of topics. The study also finds that children whose scores on the standardized language tests (with non-spontaneous data) suggest they have no language difficulty, especially in terms of phonology, obtained scores in measures of spontaneous speech that indicated language difficulty. The study also found that the socio-economic status of caregivers was a credible explanation for certain features in the speech of children with FASD is very similar to features in the speech of normally developing children. This finding highlights the role of family setting in mitigating the effects of FASD.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
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Haffar, Bilal Kamel. "La phrase relative chez Terence : étude linguistique et philologique de la phrase relative dans l'œuvre de P. Terentius Afer." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040244.
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L'étude de la relative chez Terence nous montre qu'il est impossible de ramener la relative à un schéma unique, celui qui est adopté par l'écrasante majorité des théoriciens de la langue, à savoir la relative à antécédent. D'autres schémas s'imposent et la distribution casuelle du pronom relatif nous montre qu'il y a au moins trois schémas différents : la schéma binaire qui is, le schéma is. . . Qui et le schéma ternaire : antécédent + pronom relatif + syntagme verbal. L'examen philologique et l'analyse numérique ont renforcé notre hypothèseThe study of the relative clause shows that is impossible to reduce the relative clause to a unique pattern which is adopted by the majority of the linguistic theoreticians: the pattern with antecedent. Others patterns emerge and the casual distribution of the relative pronoun shows that are three patterns fundamentally different : the binary pattern : qui is ; the is. . . Qui pattern and the tripartite pattern: antecedent + relatif pronoun + sv. The philological exam and the numeric analyses had renforced our hypothesis
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Jeilan, Aman Gobana. "Challenges of mother-tongue education in primary schools: the case of Afan Oromo in the East Hararge Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13830.
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The study was aimed at investigating challenges hampering mother-tongue education with special reference to Afan Oromo in the Eastern Hararge Zone, the Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The study mainly explored the available learning materials and the skilled teachers in mother-tongue education, attitudinal factors, the extent of stakeholders’ support for mother-tongue education, parents’ education and their awareness about education through mother tongue and parent school involvements. In the study, the researcher used a mixed method approach in which both quantitative and qualitative research designs were employed to corroborate the data obtained through one method by using other methods to minimise limitations observed in a single design. In the quantitative design, survey questionnaires were employed. Accordingly, 634 primary school teachers and 134 students were randomly selected and asked to fill the questionnaires. These quantitative data were analysed through the SPSS software and responses were analysed using the percentages and the chi-square. Qualitative data obtained through in-depth interviews and observations were analysed using thematic approaches. Documents on education policy, constitutions of the country and reports of the Ministry of Education of Ethiopia were also consulted and integrated with the analyses of the data. The study generally suggests unless strong political and administrative supports are given and public awareness about the mother tongue use in education and development is created, the effort to make Afan Oromo the language of education, intellectuals and development may remain fruitless. In this respect, all the stakeholders, intellectuals and leaders must work together to overcome challenges and dilemmas that impede the implementation of mother-tongue education. The practical works on the ground should match with the language policy of the country. Popular awareness raising activities and mobilization of the communities should be carried out carefully to involve all the communitiesAfrican Languages
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Gobana, Jeilan Aman. "Challenges of mother-tongue education in primary schools: the case of Afan Oromo in the East Hararge Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13830.
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The study was aimed at investigating challenges hampering mother-tongue education with special reference to Afan Oromo in the Eastern Hararge Zone, the Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The study mainly explored the available learning materials and the skilled teachers in mother-tongue education, attitudinal factors, the extent of stakeholders’ support for mother-tongue education, parents’ education and their awareness about education through mother tongue and parent school involvements. In the study, the researcher used a mixed method approach in which both quantitative and qualitative research designs were employed to corroborate the data obtained through one method by using other methods to minimise limitations observed in a single design. In the quantitative design, survey questionnaires were employed. Accordingly, 634 primary school teachers and 134 students were randomly selected and asked to fill the questionnaires. These quantitative data were analysed through the SPSS software and responses were analysed using the percentages and the chi-square. Qualitative data obtained through in-depth interviews and observations were analysed using thematic approaches. Documents on education policy, constitutions of the country and reports of the Ministry of Education of Ethiopia were also consulted and integrated with the analyses of the data. The study generally suggests unless strong political and administrative supports are given and public awareness about the mother tongue use in education and development is created, the effort to make Afan Oromo the language of education, intellectuals and development may remain fruitless. In this respect, all the stakeholders, intellectuals and leaders must work together to overcome challenges and dilemmas that impede the implementation of mother-tongue education. The practical works on the ground should match with the language policy of the country. Popular awareness raising activities and mobilization of the communities should be carried out carefully to involve all the communitiesAfrican Languages
Books on the topic "Afar language"
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Abogn, Alishu Mume Ibrahim. Speak up: Oromiffa, Harari, Somali, Afar languages. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: [s.n.], 2007.
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Habteslassie, Bayiru. [Mezgebeqalat]: ['èngliz - [Afar] - tgrǹa] = Cangor-yafdigi : Ingiliidi - Cafar - Tigrigna = Dictionary : English - Afar - Tigrigna. Asmara, Eritrea]: Atlas Graphic Printers, 2011.
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Kamil, Mohamed Hassan. Baxaaxe qoborta. [Djibouti]: ILD, Gabuutíh afittéh Maqhadá, 2008.
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Robleh, Aïcha Mohamed. Data Yayyáy, manót yoh yaabey! =: Data Yayyá, raconte-moi la vie! Djibouti: Institut des langues de Djibouti, 2006.
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Kamil, Mohamed Hassan. Baxaaxe qoborta. [Djibouti]: ILD, Gabuutíh afittéh Maqhadá, 2008.
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Robleh, Aïcha Mohamed. Data Yayyáy, manót yoh yaabey! =: Data Yayyá, raconte-moi la vie! Djibouti: Institut des langues de Djibouti, 2006.
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māẖbar, YaʼItyop̣yā maṣhaf qedus. Daabur: Migaq le kitaaba. Addis Ababa: Bible Society of Ethiopia, 2006.
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Massa, Solekaye, ed. Dictionnaire démé (Tchad): Precédé de notes grammaticales. Louvain: Peeters, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Afar language"
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Knipping, Jan. "Chapter 8. “They look hostile from afar”." In Culture and Language Use, 202–22. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/clu.23.08kni.
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This contribution analyzes “small stories” with a focus on language ideologies to shed light on underlying beliefs about how “Northernness” is constructed and negotiated as a persistently significant identity category in contemporary Ugandan discourses. While the ideologies revolving around Northernness mainly reflect colonially established attributions, the article introduces colorism as a further ideological base, alongside purported ethnic and linguistic criteria fostering the marginalization of “Northerners” or those perceived as such. Individuals either strategically employ these ideologies or find them ascribed to them, often resulting from negotiations of Otherness and Sameness from multiple and situated social positions. Furthermore, the paper presents a case in point to show how a focus on language ideologies can link small-scale utterances or narrations with socio-political and historical contexts on a larger scale. Finally, it also reflects on the role linguists’ ideologies have played and continue to play in the production of knowledge in (post)colonial African contexts.
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Nishiguchi, Sumiyo. "De Re Indexicals in Afar." In Sound and Meaning in East Cushitic Languages, 97–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6972-2_12.
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Mekonnen, Abebayehu Messele. "Dyslexia in Afan Oromo." In Dyslexia in Many Languages, 34–47. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003408277-3.
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Balcha, Hailu Beshada, and Tesfa Tegegne. "Design and Development of Sentence Parser for Afan Oromo Language." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 341–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26630-1_29.
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Salomaa, K., X. Wu, and S. Yu. "Efficient implementation of regular languages using r-AFA." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 176–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0031391.
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Aouichat, Asma, and Ahmed Guessoum. "Building TALAA-AFAQ, a Corpus of Arabic FActoid Question-Answers for a Question Answering System." In Natural Language Processing and Information Systems, 380–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59569-6_46.
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Fishman, Joshua A. "Greetings from a Viewer from Afar: The Objectives of Israel’s Sociology of Language." In Language & Communication in Israel, 625–32. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351291040-36.
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Kim, D. Brian. "Foreign Interests." In The Whole World in a Book, 17–33. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190913199.003.0002.
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Foreign language dictionaries were produced with increasing frequency during the nineteenth century due to heightened contact between peoples separated by greater distances (physical, linguistic, and cultural). This chapter examines the history of such dictionaries in Russia and Japan, two national contexts characterized at this early stage of globalization by ongoing processes of modernization and changing terms of engagement with the foreign. Literary language in both Russia and Japan was transforming, influenced by translation from foreign languages and broader popular interest in peoples from afar. For their compilers, foreign language dictionaries afforded opportunities not only to explore and explain the correspondences between words among different languages, but also, in some cases, to contemplate the relationship between the status of their own language and others. In assessing various dictionary projects, some driven by interest in the foreign and others by the interests of foreign parties, in both Russia and Japan, Kim argues that there was a rich interplay between the production of foreign language dictionaries and the ground-breaking efforts to produce the first explanatory dictionaries of the native language.
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Banti, Giorgio, and Moreno Vergari. "Saaho." In The Oxford Handbook of Ethiopian Languages, 294—C16P122. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728542.013.16.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on the Saaho language. It emphasizes that Saaho is the term used for the varieties spoken by the Saaho of Eritrea and the Irob of Ethiopia. Saaho and Afar form a dialect continuum, regarded as a subgroup of Lowland East Cushitic. A large number of Saaho are now living in the diaspora where their language is still widely spoken and is also commonly used on the internet and social networks. The three major dialect groups within Saaho are briefly discussed: (i) Northern, mainly spoken by the Tʼaruuʕa and the ʕAsawurta, (ii) Central, mainly spoken by the Minifire and the Dabrimeela, and (iii) Southern, mainly used by the Ħado and the Irob. This chapter then shifts to elaborate on the different aspects of Saaho grammar, dialectology, and lexicography. After identifying the major phonological, grammatical, and lexical isoglosses that distinguish the main Saaho and Afar dialects, the phonology of Saaho is analyzed. This is followed by a discussion of the main word classes of this language and their morphological peculiarities. Finally several aspects of Saaho syntax and pragmatics are outlined, such as the structure of simple sentences, comparison and possession, negation, coordination and subordination, direct and indirect speech, definiteness, focus and topic, as well as allocutives.
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Grosjean, François. "Conclusion." In A Journey in Languages and Cultures, 177–80. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754947.003.0017.
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I started this book by suggesting that seen from afar, my life, both linguistic and cultural, might appear to be very ordinary…and rather French, Parisian even. Having now finished relating it, I think it is fair to say that this is not so. Yes, it did start in Paris and continued in a little French village outside that city, but then it took a number of twists and turns in four different countries and brought me in contact with a number of languages. Two were acquired sequentially and stayed, but changed their dominance at varying times (French and English) and two others were learned, used and then lost (Italian and American Sign Language). As for the four cultures I came into contact with, and lived in, they have found their place in a mosaic of cultures that characterizes me and that I am proud of....
Conference papers on the topic "Afar language"
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Nayef EL SHAMI, Researcher Alissar. "FLOWERS IN SOCIETY ROLE, IMPORTANCE, AND SYMBOLS." In I. International Century Congress for Social Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/soci.con1-21.
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Lebanon is blessed with a rich and diverse flora, and the distance varies between flowers and people in Lebanon. We find some varieties that still adorn the plains and valleys from afar, while others are of interest to the Lebanese and are planted in their gardens either for treatment and food or for aesthetic purposes. Cultural anthropology has been interested in studying the relationship between humans and plants through a special cognitive discipline called ethnobotany. Through this discipline, we can study flowers in society, where special relationships arose between humans and flowers. They adopted them in social life, gave them various symbolic meanings, and exchanged them on various occasions, used them in economy, incorporated them in popular culture, and this gave the flowers a role and function in society. Humans consider flowers to have their language, where each flower has a specific symbol. The red rose is associated with love and the yellow with jealousy, and so on… Symbols are used to link active social elements together, through various means of communication that they put at their disposal. We can say that flowers are one of the means of communication that connect people. A group of people are interested in flowers and knowing their symbolic meanings more than other groups in society. Cultural openness has led to a new distribution of flowers, where their use has varied from the past, the types of flowers used have changed, and the shape of the bouquet has also changed, all in line with the requirements of the era. This research paper aims to demonstrate the meanings, symbols, and effects of flowers in society, how their types change between different occasions and generations, and show the differences between types of flowers among social classes, where the terms as
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Lichtenauer, J. F., G. ten Holt, E. A. Hendriks, M. J. T. Reinders, A. Vanhoutte, I. Kamp, J. Arendsen, et al. "A learning environment for sign language." In Gesture Recognition (FG). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813421.
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Kim, Jonghwa, Johannes Wagner, Matthias Rehm, and Elisabeth Andre. "Bi-channel sensor fusion for automatic sign language recognition." In Gesture Recognition (FG). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813341.
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Kelly, Daniel, John McDonald, and Charles Markham. "A system for teaching sign language using live gesture feedback." In Gesture Recognition (FG). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813350.
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Cherniavsky, Neva, Richard E. Ladner, and Eve A. Riskin. "Activity detection in conversational sign language video for mobile telecommunication." In Gesture Recognition (FG). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813363.
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Kong, W. W., and Surendra Ranganath. "Automatic hand trajectory segmentation and phoneme transcription for sign language." In Gesture Recognition (FG). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813462.
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von Agris, Ulrich, Moritz Knorr, and Karl-Friedrich Kraiss. "The significance of facial features for automatic sign language recognition." In Gesture Recognition (FG). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813472.
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Nguyen, Tan Dat, and Surendra Ranganath. "Tracking facial features under occlusions and recognizing facial expressions in sign language." In Gesture Recognition (FG). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813464.
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Dreuw, Philippe, Jens Forster, Thomas Deselaers, and Hermann Ney. "Efficient approximations to model-based joint tracking and recognition of continuous sign language." In Gesture Recognition (FG). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2008.4813439.
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Fortin, Moira. "Practice as Research a collective form of activism from a South American perspective." In LINK 2023. Tuwhera Open Access, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2022.v4i1.202.
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As a Chilean living in Aotearoa/ New Zealand I am constantly looking to Latin and South America. Living in the diaspora has allowed me to examine and reflect upon the different socio-political issues arising in the region from afar and with perspective. As an actress and researcher, I am on an ongoing exploration considering how to share research projects from a creative activist standpoint, moving beyond traditional academic research publications into forms that are situated and accessed in the exchanges of everyday relationships and resistance. Written academic outputs are primarily intended for reading, although some contain images or photographs that complement and / or enrich the verbal content. These outputs tend to reach a small portion of the population, the highly educated elite with economic means to access books and participate in conferences or symposiums. Practice as research emerges from a rigorous process of research, critical analysis, and embodied distillation of academic texts. Practice as research relates to my aim to share research not only with wider audiences reaching communities with different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. It also relates to my intention to create work that could resonate outwards, across borders and boundaries, transferring content from one format to another, from the academic world to a medium of expression such as theatre, illustration, dance and/or digital. The concept of transposition emphasizes the creative process that operates in the transition from one medium to another, it “designates the idea of transference, but also that of transplantation, of putting something in another place, of removing certain models, but thinking of another register or system” (Wolf, 2001, p. 16). The transposition process creates a new object, precisely from other languages, cultural contexts, and disciplinary formats (Wolf, 2001). The idea of transmedia transformation certainly applies to my way of finding spaces to share research. Working across languages, Spanish, English, German and French has enabled me to work collectively and in collaboration with other artists, researchers, and activists. These collective actions have been produced through different media and artistic languages where each of us bring our specific artistic experiences, aesthetic incarnations, and gender experiences to inform our research practices.