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Academic literature on the topic 'Affections intestinales inflammatoires – Pathogenèse'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Affections intestinales inflammatoires – Pathogenèse"
Salem, Mabrouka. "Rôle de la NTPDase8 et du récepteur P2Y6 dans l'inflammation intestinale." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37194.
Full textInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by a dysfunction of the intestinal epithelium and a dysregulation of the immune system balance. The inflammation underlying IBD could be triggered and/or exacerbated by danger signals such as nucleotides. The nucleotides activate P2 receptors and their level is modulated by ectonucleotidases which include members of the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (E-NTPDases) family. We identified the last member of this family of enzymes, the NTPDase8. We originally found its expression in the intestine at the RNA level. In this work, we demonstrate that NTPDase8 is expressed at the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) in the colon. Our results indicate that NTPDase8 is a key protector of intestinal inflammation by regulating the activation of P2Y6 receptor as the administration of the enzyme protects totally from the intestinal inflammation. In agreement, the deletion of NTPDase8 gene leads to a dramatic increase of inflammation is a murine model of colitis. The second aspect addressed in my thesis is the regulatory role of the P2Y6 receptor in intestinal inflammation. We found that this receptor expressed on IEC is pro-inflammatory and that blocking it pharmacologically prevented the intestinal inflammation triggered in a colitis model. We have also demonstrated that the P2Y6 receptor plays a key role in regulating the activity of other nucleotide receptors in vitro, which influences the homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells. Our work deciphers the importance of nucleotide signaling in the pathogenesis of experimental colitis and highlights properties that could be applied to other gastrointestinal disorders. In extension, these data suggest that NTPDase8-P2Y6 axis could be a therapeutic target in the treatment of IBD.
Tremblay, Anne-Caroline. "Étude généalogique d'individus atteints de maladies inflammatoires chroniques non-spécifiques de l'intestin /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Ste-Foy : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi ;. Université du Québec à Ste-Foy, 2004. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textBenmoussa, Abderrahim. "Diversité des vésicules extracellulaires dans le lait bovin et leurs activités dans les maladies inflammatoires de l'intestin." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36556.
Full textExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are cellular “fragments” actively released in all biological fluids. They are transported through body circulation and transmit their bioactive content to remote recipient cells. Milk is the biological fluid most enriched in EVs and these encapsulate several bioactive elements with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects and reduce the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in vivo. During my thesis, I explored the diversity of EVs present in commercial bovine milk and studied their biological activities in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The results I obtained demonstrate the existence of several EV subsets in commercial bovine milk that I could discriminate using sodium citrate for their isolation. I found these EVs can survive during in-vitro digestion and protect their bioactive content, including microRNAs. After detailing the different microRNAs and proteins encapsulated in these EVs, I found specific markers for certain populations of milk EVs. I also reported the transfer of vesicular bovine miR-223 to human cells in vitro and its biological activity on the expression of a reporter gene. I then explored the biological activities of milk EVs in a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis. The oral intake of milk EVs decreased the symptoms of the disease, restored part of the intestinal microbiota, restored the intestinal barrier and replenished mucin levels. Also, different populations of milk EVs differentially modulated inflammation in the colon, notably by regulating the level of certain IBD-associated microRNAs. Milk therefore contains different EV subsets with different biological activities capable of modulating inflammation and the development of digestive pathologies. Studying the mechanisms underlying their bioactivity could impact the management of inflammatory diseases, improve milk formulations for newborns, and be of importance to public health and industrial milk processing.
Blais, Lecours Pascale. "Le rôle des archées dans l'inflammation et leur impact sur la santé humaine." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25467.
Full textArchaea have recently been recognized as ubiquitous microorganisms found in the digestive tract of human and several animal species. Humans can thus be exposed to archaea through several routes such as their own intestinal microflora, but also via exposure to animal manure which components can be aerosolized and inhaled. Archaeal impact on respiratory and intestinal human health is not known. Bioaerosol’s exact composition must be defined in order to better understand what humans are exposed to. Moreover, the role of Methanosphaera stadtmanae (MSS) and Methanobrevibacter smithii (MBS), two archaeal species found in human gut, on the health of the intestinal tract and potentially in inflammatory bowel diseases is unknown. Studies on dairy barns’ bioaerosol’s biodiversity revealed the presence of high airborne concentrations and various species of bacteria and archaea. Pulmonary inflammatory mechanisms of immune response to archaea were studied using a chronic airway exposure mouse model. MSS showed a higher immunogenic potential than MBS, with more severe hitopathological alterations and higher numbers of inflammatory cells and activated myeloid dendritic cells in exposed mice lungs than MBS. The inflammatory potential of MSS and MBS was also confirmed with a human cell model. Finally, to study the role of archaea in bowel inflammation, the presence of MBS and MSS was evaluated in stool samples from inflammatory bowel diseases’ patients and control subjects. A higher prevalence of the inflammatory archaea MSS was detected in stool samples from patients. MSS-specific antibodies were also found in higher concentration in this group. These results show that archaea are present in bioaerosols and human gut and that they can have an impact on respiratory and intestinal inflammation. We are just beginning to explore the presence of archaea in human environment and our response to these unheralded agents. Their role as protective, proinflammatory or tolerated agents awaits further studied.
Renaud, Valentine. "Impacts du retrait des acides organiques du jus de canneberge, par électrodialyse avec membranes bipolaires, sur sa digestion, l'apparition de l'inflammation intestinale et le microbiote intestinal." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69518.
Full textCranberry is a typical fruit from North America and its consumption increased due toits beneficial effects on human health. Cranberry juice is also recognized for its health benefits due to its richness in anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PACs). However, its high content of citric, malic and quinic acids could induce intestinal side effects when daily consumed. In addition, the composition of such a type of juice could also induce changes in the gut microbiota. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis was to demonstrate the potential effects of the removal of organic acids by electrodialysis with bipolar membrane(EDBM) in cranberry juice, on the apparition of intestinal inflammation in vitro and in vivo,as well as on the gut microbiota, while identifying the organic acid(s) responsible for this inflammation and their evolution during digestion. Firstly, an in vitro study demonstrated, for the first time, the evolution of composition of cranberry juice at each step of the digestion. Results indicated a loss in anthocyanins and PACs mainly at the gastric step while the content in organic acids was stable at the end of the digestion. Further more, it was evidenced that the content in citric acid of cranberry juice was responsible for the loss of integrity of the epithelial cells and, thereby, could induce intestinal inflammation. Secondly, a first in vivo study has shown the effect of the organic acid content of cranberry juice on the apparition of intestinal inflammation in mice. Results indicated a relation between the concentration in organic acids and the severity of the intestinal inflammation observed. Furthermore, the protective action of polyphenols, at the concentration of the juice, was decreased by the high content in organic acids. Thirdly, a second in vivo study, demonstrated the significance of the concentrations of polyphenols of cranberry juice in protecting the intestine from the occurrence of the inflammation. Experiments conducted in mice could not evidence intestinal inflammation modulated by the content in organic acids of cranberry juice, due to its high content in polyphenols. Therefore, the effect of EDBM on improving intestinal inflammation by removing the organic acid content of cranberry juice, could not be demonstrated. However, it was observed that the removal of organic acids, at different levels, induced a modulation of the composition and the functions of the gut microbiota. Finally, this thesis demonstrated the importance of the compositional aspect of cranberry juice for the apparition of intestinal inflammation and the modulation of gut microbiota when daily consumed. This thesis has also contributed to the understanding of the impact of EDBM applied to cranberry juice and its following health effects.
Books on the topic "Affections intestinales inflammatoires – Pathogenèse"
N, Williams C., Canadian Association of Gastroenterology, and Interfalk Canada Inc, eds. Trends in inflammatory bowel disease therapy. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.
N, Baldassano Robert, Markowitz Jonathan E, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2008.
(Editor), Richard Blumberg, and Markus F. Neurath (Editor), eds. Immune Mechanisms in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology). Springer, 2006.
Mamula, Petar, Jonathan E. Markowitz, and Robert N. Baldassano. Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Springer, 2015.
Mamula, Petar, Jonathan E. Markowitz, Andrew B. Grossman, Robert N. Baldassano, and Judith R. Kelsen. Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Springer, 2017.
Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Springer, 2012.