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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Affective arousal'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Woodward, Halley Elizabeth. "Valenced and arousal-based affective evaluations of foods." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2167.

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Objective: To examine nutrient-specific and individual-specific correlates of valenced and arousal-based affective evaluations of foods across the spectrum of disordered eating, as well as to examine the validity of automatic and controlled processes of affective evaluation. Methods: 283 undergraduate women provided implicit and explicit valence and arousal-based evaluations of 120 food photos with known nutritional information (i.e., high or low added fat, high or low added sugar). Participants completed structurally similar indirect and direct affect misattribution procedures (AMP; Payne et al., 2005; 2008). These AMPs were paired with novel arousal-based AMPs to investigate both fundamental dimensions of affective evaluations of foods: valence and arousal. Participants completed questionnaires assessing body mass index, hunger, eating restriction, and binge eating. Results: Nomothetically, added fat and added sugar enhance the pleasantness and arousal of affective evaluations of foods. Idiographically, hunger and binge eating are associated with higher arousal, whereas BMI and restriction enhance pleasantness ratings. Added fat enhances the pleasantness ratings of women who are hungrier, or who endorse greater restriction, and enhances both the pleasantness and the arousal ratings of heavier women. In contrast, added sugar is especially influential on the pleasantness and arousal ratings of less hungry women. Restriction was related only to valenced affective evaluations, whereas binge eating related only to arousal affective evaluations. Finally, patterns of findings are largely similar across implicit and explicit affective evaluations, albeit stronger for explicit. Conclusions: Findings support the utility of distinguishing nutrients in future work, underscore the importance of examining both the valence and the arousal dimensions of affective evaluations, and provide modest support for the validity of dual-process models of affective evaluation of foods.
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2

Merzlyak, Irina Y. "The Role of the basolateral amygdala in affective associative learning, arousal and adaptation." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3205363.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed April 4, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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3

Cosme, Danielle. "Self-Reported Trait Mindfulness and Affective Reactivity: A Comprehensive Investigation of Valence, Arousal, and Attention to Emotional Pictures." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-104475.

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Mindful attention is qualitatively receptive and non-reactive, and is thought to facilitate adaptive emotional responding. Using a multi-method approach, I studied the relationship between individual differences in self-reported trait mindfulness and electrocortical, electromyographic, electrodermal, and self-reported responses to emotional pictures. Specifically, while subjects passively viewed IAPS pictures, electrocortical data, skin conductance, and also electromyographic data were recorded. Afterwards, subjects rated their subjective valence and arousal while viewing the pictures again. If trait mindfulness reduces general emotional responding, then responses from individuals with high mindfulness would be associated with decreased late positive potential amplitudes, decreased skin conductance response, and decreased subjective ratings of valence and arousal to emotional pictures. High mindfulness would also be associated with a decreased emotional modulation of startle eyeblink amplitudes and of startle P3 amplitudes during emotional pictures. Although analysis showed clear effects of emotion on dependent measures, in general, mindfulness did not moderate these effects.
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4

Almufleh, Auroabah S. "Exploring the Impact of Affective Processing on Visual Perception of Large-Scale Spatial Environments." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1598844947508134.

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5

Jacobs, David. "The dextroamphetamine response in human subjects : a psychological, psychophysiological and neuroendocrine study /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdj17.pdf.

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6

Smith, Ashley Rose. "Development of the Anterior Insula: Implications for Adolescent Risk-Taking." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/326673.

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Psychology
Ph.D.
Current neurobiological models of adolescent decision-making suggest that heightened risk taking during adolescence is a result of the asynchronous development of neural regions underlying cognitive control and reward processing, particularly during periods of heightened social and affective arousal (e.g., Casey, Getz, & Galván, 2008; Steinberg, 2008). Despite the emphasis on the interplay of cognitive and emotional processes during adolescence, the developmental literature has largely overlooked the potential importance of maturational changes in the anterior insular cortex (AIC), a region known for its role as a cognitive-emotional hub. In a recent review we proposed a theory of adolescent risk-taking in which development of the AIC, and its connectivity to other regions, biases adolescents towards engagement in risky behaviors (Smith, Steinberg, & Chein, 2014b). The current studies provide a test of the proposed model through an examination of specific aspects of AIC development and functioning, including the trajectory of structural development within the AIC, the role of AIC engagement in adolescents' risky decision-making, and the impacts of affective arousal on AIC recruitment. Results from Study 1 suggest that the AIC exhibits continued developmental changes during adolescence that likely affect its involvement in cognitive processes. Using a risk-taking task, Study 2 demonstrates the flexible role of the AIC during adolescent decision-making and explores how affective arousal biases the AIC towards engagement in risky behaviors. Implications for both the proposed model and the developmental literature are discussed.
Temple University--Theses
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7

Gavazzeni, Joachim. "Age differences in arousal, perception of affective pictures, and emotional memory enhancement : Appraisal, Electrodermal activity, and Imaging data." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7346.

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In contrast to effortful cognitive functions, emotional functioning may remain stable or even be enhanced in older adults. It is unclear how affective functions in aging correspond to subjective experiences and physiological changes. In Study I, ratings of emotional intensity and neural activity to facial expressions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were analyzed in younger and older adults. Negative expressions resulted in increased neural activity in the right amygdala and hippocampus in younger adults, and increased activation in the right insular cortex in older adults. There were no age differences in subjective ratings. In Study II, subjective ratings of, and skin conductance response (SCR) to, neutral and negative pictures were studied. The ratings of negative pictures were higher for older adults compared to younger adults. SCRs increased in both age groups for the negative pictures, but magnitude of SCRs was significantly larger in younger adults. Finally, in Study III, emotional memory after a one-year retention interval was tested. The memory performance of both age groups was higher in response to negative pictures compared to neutral ones, although the performance was generally higher for younger adults. SCR at encoding was the better arousal predictor for memory, but only in younger adults. The results indicate age-related changes in affective processing. Age differences may involve a gradual shift from bottom-up processes, to more top-down processes. The results are discussed in a wider lifespan perspective taking into consideration the accumulated life experience of older adults.

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8

Snyder, Katharine A. "The Auditory Affective Verbal Learning test: peripheral arousal correlates and implications for the lateralized priming of dichotic prosody identification." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40453.

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9

Öhberg, Anders, and Karin Paul. "The How or the What : The Impact of Narrative Style on Empathy." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-135629.

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Narratives in the forms of music or literature have traditionally been highlightedfor their ability to evoke empathy; however, the specific features of the narrativethat serve as the underlying mechanisms responsible for this effect remain unclear.The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of a narrative’s style onempathy. An experimental repeated measures research design was used with 41participants (31 female, 10 male; age range 20-63 yrs, M=30.2 yrs) that underwentthree conditions each comprised of a different stimulus (i.e., a song, a piece ofprose and a poem), with the same narrative content but differing in style. The orderof the stimuli was randomized across participants. After each stimulus, empatheticresponses were captured via self reports, measuring valence and arousal of theparticipant, as well as their perceived valence and arousal of the main character ofthe narrative. The song had a strong correlation between participant-rating andcharacter-rating on valence and arousal, thus evoking a stronger (affective)empathetic response than the other two styles of stimuli, having moderatecorrelations. The character-rating barely differed between the style of stimuli, andthe narrative first presented lowered the participants’ valence regardless of style.These findings could possibly be explained by cognitive empathy responding to thenarrative, evoking the same understanding of another person, whereas affectiveempathy seem more prone to respond to stylistic features. Future research andpossible therapeutic implications are discussed.
Narrativ i form av musik och litteratur är kända för att kunna framkalla empati hos mottagaren; däremot är det fortfarande oklart vilka specifika aspekter av ett narrativ som ligger bakom denna effekt. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka effekten av narrativ stil på empati. En experimentell studie med inomgruppsdesign användes med 41 deltagare (31 kvinnor, 10 män, åldersintervall 20-63 år, M = 30.2 år) vilka exponerades för tre olika stimuli; en sång, en prosatext och en dikt. Varje stimuli hade samma narrativa innehåll men skilde sig åt beträffande narrativ stil. Presentationsordningen för stimulina randomiserades för deltagarna. Efter varje stimuli mättes empatisk reaktion via självskattningar av valens och arousal hos deltagarna, liksom hur de skattade valens och arousal för berättelsens huvudkaraktär. Sången visade en stark korrelation mellan deltagarnas självskattningar och skattningar av huvudkaraktären på både valens och arousal, vilket innebär att sången skapade ett starkare (affektivt) empatiskt gensvar än övriga två stimuli, vilka hade måttliga korrelationer. Skattningar av huvudkaraktärens valens och arousal påverkades ytterst lite av narrativ stil. Presentationsordningen påverkade deltagarnas skattningar då första stimulit sänkte deltagarnas valens oavsett narrativ stil. Dessa resultat kan eventuellt förklaras genom att kognitiv empati svarar på narrativets innehåll, att oavsett narrativ stil framkallas samma förståelse för en annan person, medan affektiv empati verkar påverkas utav den narrativa stilen. Framtida forskning och terapeutiska implikationer diskuteras.
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10

Moore, Todd M. "Effects of Masculine Gender Role Stress and Pre-arousal on Men's Cognitive, Affective, and Physiological Responses to Intimate Conflict Situations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27508.

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Previous research has indicated that the Masculine Gender Role Stress (MGRS) scale has been useful in identifying men who are susceptible to appraising threat in situations that challenge their masculine gender roles. Furthermore, Zillmann's excitation-transfer theory has proposed that elevated levels of physiological reactivity may interfere with men's appraisal processes and ability to control their emotions and behavior. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to examine the independent and combined effects of men's appraisal of threat and physiological pre-arousal on cognitive, affective, behavioral, and physiological responses to masculine relevant female partner behavior that challenges masculinity. Eighty college men who scored high or low on the MGRS were exposed to cold or room temperature water to induce the arousal or non-arousal conditions, respectively, prior to exposure to vignettes. They then listened to audio-taped vignettes of hypothetical situations involving dating partners who threatened the male's masculinity in the relationship in either masculine gender relevant or irrelevant contexts. Skin conductance level (SCL) and heart rate (HR) were obtained before, during, and after exposure to arousal or non-arousal conditions and each vignette. Measures of anger, negative affect, and appraisal were obtained in response to the different arousal conditions. Cognitive attributions, anger, negative affect, and verbal conflict tactics were obtained in response to each vignette. Results showed that the arousal condition produced greater HR than did the non-arousal condition. High MGRS men reported more negative affect and more negative appraisal in the arousal condition than in the non-arousal condition compared to low MGRS men. In response to the vignettes, high MGRS men reported more state anger, negative intent attributions, and verbal aggression tactics than did low MGRS men. Results also showed that gender irrelevant vignettes produced greater HR in the arousal condition than in the non-arousal condition. Finally, relative to high MGRS men, low MGRS men evidenced greater SCL during both arousal conditions and vignettes. However, results did not support an expected relationship between the effects of MGRS and pre-arousal on cognitive, affective, and physiological responses to gender relevant threats. Implications of these results for future research were discussed.
Ph. D.
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11

Wilson, Philip. "Arousal and affective responses to male and female nudity in print advertising : an analysis of differences due to sex and self-concept /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsw752.pdf.

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12

Cho, Jung Rim. "Effect of Multichannel Retailers’ Cross-Channel Integration Practices on Consumers’ Affective and Behavioral Responses." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1351182773.

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13

Tierney, Lindsey Kathryn Lindsey Kathryn Tierney. "Surface facial electromyography reactions to light-relevant and season-relevant stimuli in seasonal affective disorder /." Download the dissertation in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Lindsey2005.pdf.

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14

Zhu, Winstead Xingran. "Hotspot Detection for Automatic Podcast Trailer Generation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444887.

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With podcasts being a fast growing audio-only form of media, an effective way of promoting different podcast shows becomes more and more vital to all the stakeholders concerned, including the podcast creators, the podcast streaming platforms, and the podcast listeners. This thesis investigates the relatively little studied topic of automatic podcast trailer generation, with the purpose of en- hancing the overall visibility and publicity of different podcast contents and gen- erating more user engagement in podcast listening. This thesis takes a hotspot- based approach, by specifically defining the vague concept of “hotspot” and designing different appropriate methods for hotspot detection. Different meth- ods are analyzed and compared, and the best methods are selected. The selected methods are then used to construct an automatic podcast trailer generation sys- tem, which consists of four major components and one schema to coordinate the components. The system can take a random podcast episode audio as input and generate an around 1 minute long trailer for it. This thesis also proposes two human-based podcast trailer evaluation approaches, and the evaluation results show that the proposed system outperforms the baseline with a large margin and achieves promising results in terms of both aesthetics and functionality.
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15

Liu, Jing, and 劉靜. "Construction and Evaluation of a Chinese Valence-Arousal-Irony Affective Corpus." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q2c6zk.

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碩士
元智大學
資訊工程學系
105
An increasing amount of research has recently focused on representing affective states as continuous numerical values on multiple dimensions, such as the valence-arousal (VA) space. In irony sentiment analysis, most of the study are focused on irony detection, and no numerical values on irony intensity have been used as representing states. Compared to the categorical approach that represents effective states as different classes (e.g., irony and not irony), the dimensional approach can provide more fine -grained sentiment analysis. But no effective resources with irony ratings has been constructed. Therefore, we constructed an effective corpus called Chinese valence-arousal-irony NTU text containing 1,004 sentences based on NTU Irony Corpus[4]. To improve the annotation quality, a corpus cleanup procedure is used to remove outlier ratings and improper texts. Word2vec was used to represent words as mathematical vectors. Experiment using varies deep-learning algorithms (CNN, LSTM, CNN-LSTM, LSTM-CNN) to predict the VAI ratings of the corpus. Keyword: Sentiment Analysis, Irony corpus, Dimensional expression, Sentiment Intensity Prediction, Machine Learning
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16

Chen, Shih-Chuan, and 陳世娟. "Dissociation of Affective Arousal and Social Understanding in High Functioning Autism: an Event-related Brain Potential Study." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89040428718941112288.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
神經科學研究所
99
Background: High functioning autism (HFA), as well as other individuals with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), are often described as “a lack of empathy (Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright, 2004; Tantam and Girgis, 2009). However, the neural mechanism for this dysfunction remains poorly understood. Methods& Results: Here we used an ERP (event-related potentials) with pain and social context (i.e., the number of individuals in the stimuli) as two factors to test if the HFA alternate neural mechanism of pain empathy under attention effort. This study enrolled twenty persons with HFA (mean age 19.66 years, 2 female) and twenty typical controls (mean age 20.55, 2 female) to watch the animated images depicting daily painful and non-painful situation. The findings has demonstrated that for situations that a person is accidentally in pain, LPP, as an indicator of affective/motivational component of empathy, is preserved in HFA, accompanying with similar gaze duration performance. However, under situations that someone is intentionally hurt by another (social context), LPP, representing cognitive empathy, is reduced in individuals with HFA, accompanying with lower eye-gaze performance. Conclusion: In present study, individuals with HFA show the dissociation between cognitive and affective empathy. Our results raise the possibility that an atypical attention shift to social stimuli can lead to the difficulties in processing of pain empathy in HFA. Social context is a critical factor to induce the core deficit of HFA.
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17

MRHÁLEK, Tomáš. "Neurální koreláty multimodálního afektivního primingu." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-403725.

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This dissertation aims to investigate the correlations of visual evoked potentials during the experimental process of serial passive affective priming. The aim of this dissertation is to identify partial processes of affective perception, which are influenced by relations to previous affective priming stimulation. The research is designed as a laboratory EEG experiment, which uses affective priming techniques, particularly its sequential passive multimodal (auditory-visual) variation. The research experimentally manipulates emotional characteristics of stimuli that are constructed on the basis of the dimensional theory. As a starting dimension, arousal was chosen that is equivalent to psychic activation connected to reactions to stimuli. The study was carried out in the PF JČU neurological laboratory using a 64 channel EEG Biosemi Active II. Probands was selected from the JČU students, whose brain electrical activity was measured during an exposure to affective stimuli from international emotional elicitation databases. Records from 29 people were used. The independent variable used was the variation of priming and arousal characteristics of the priming stimulus from the affective melodies database (Eerola &Vuoskoski, 2010) and the arousal characteristics of a visual stimuli (Marchewka et al., 2014). Visual perception is the most explored ERP process, therefore the differences between the results of this dissertation study and comparative studies can be the basis for interpreting the mechanism of contextual affective transmission. Time progress and activation reactions are modulated based on experimental conditions and the dependent variables are the differences of latency and amplitude of individual components of evoked potentials, which represent partial psychological processes. The use of sound as priming stimulus together with a high interstimulus interval decreases the conflict between perceptual processes in selective attention. The differences in processes of visual perception according to affective arousal characteristics of stimuli suggest a parietally increased early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potentials (LPP) of high-arousal stimuli in comparison to low-arousal stimuli. Signs of EPN manifest as indicators for prioritization of attention in comparison with actively motivating stimuli. The priming effect manifested in P1 and N1 components occipitoparietally and in N2 centroparietally, which suggest stronger negativity of EPN in the case of previous priming. LPP increase for the priming condition was there only for high-arousal stimuli. The cause for higher activation for priming conditions in P1 and N1 is unknown, it is a case of premature latency for possible explanation using the evaluation mechanism. The results showcase the influence of conflict between processes of attention or the alternative interpretations of affective priming based on the influence of context on the formation of evaluative conclusions. The priming effects in LPP show a lower later parietal activation of primed stimuli which can be connected to their previous increased activation as a part of early and medium latency component.
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18

Jacobs, David (David Lynden). "The dextroamphetamine response in human subjects : a psychological, psychophysiological and neuroendocrine study / by David Jacobs." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/38332.

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Bibliography: leaves 317-350
350 leaves :
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (M.D.)--University of Adelaide, 1986
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19

Dufour, Isabelle. "Improving Music Mood Annotation Using Polygonal Circular Regression." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6613.

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Music mood recognition by machine continues to attract attention from both academia and industry. This thesis explores the hypothesis that the music emotion problem is circular, and is a primary step in determining the efficacy of circular regression as a machine learning method for automatic music mood recognition. This hypothesis is tested through experiments conducted using instances of the two commonly accepted models of affect used in machine learning (categorical and two-dimensional), as well as on an original circular model proposed by the author. Polygonal approximations of circular regression are proposed as a practical way to investigate whether the circularity of the annotations can be exploited. An original dataset assembled and annotated for the models is also presented. Next, the architecture and implementation choices of all three models are given, with an emphasis on the new polygonal approximations of circular regression. Experiments with different polygons demonstrate consistent and in some cases significant improvements over the categorical model on a dataset containing ambiguous extracts (ones for which the human annotators did not fully agree upon). Through a comprehensive analysis of the results, errors and inconsistencies observed, evidence is provided that mood recognition can be improved if approached as a circular problem. Finally, a proposed multi-tagging strategy based on the circular predictions is put forward as a pragmatic method to automatically annotate music based on the circular model.
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