Relevant bibliographies by topics / Affective priming effect

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Affective priming effect'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Affective priming effect"

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Goerlich, Katharina Sophia, Jurriaan Witteman, Niels O. Schiller, Vincent J. Van Heuven, André Aleman, and Sander Martens. "The Nature of Affective Priming in Music and Speech." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 8 (August 2012): 1725–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00213.

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The phenomenon of affective priming has caught scientific interest for over 30 years, yet the nature of the affective priming effect remains elusive. This study investigated the underlying mechanism of cross-modal affective priming and the influence of affective incongruence in music and speech on negativities in the N400 time-window. In Experiment 1, participants judged the valence of affective targets (affective categorization). We found that music and speech targets were evaluated faster when preceded by affectively congruent visual word primes, and vice versa. This affective priming effect was accompanied by a significantly larger N400-like effect following incongruent targets. In this experiment, both spreading of activation and response competition could underlie the affective priming effect. In Experiment 2, participants categorized the same affective targets based on nonaffective characteristics. However, as prime valence was irrelevant to the response dimension, affective priming effects could no longer be attributable to response competition. In Experiment 2, affective priming effects were observed neither at the behavioral nor electrophysiological level. The results of this study indicate that both affective music and speech prosody can prime the processing of visual words with emotional connotations, and vice versa. Affective incongruence seems to be associated with N400-like effects during evaluative categorization. The present data further suggest a role of response competition during the affective categorization of music, prosody, and words with emotional connotations.
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Spruyt, Adriaan, Dirk Hermans, Jan De Houwer, and Paul Eelen. "On The Nature of the Affective Priming Effect: Affective Priming of Naming Responses." Social Cognition 20, no. 3 (June 2002): 227–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.20.3.227.21106.

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思竹, 韩. "The Cross-Modal Affective Priming Effect of Music Priming Stimulus." Advances in Psychology 04, no. 01 (2014): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ap.2014.41013.

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Maier, Markus A., Michael P. Berner, and Reinhard Pekrun. "Directionality of Affective Priming: Effects of Trait Anxiety and Activation Level." Experimental Psychology 50, no. 2 (March 2003): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//1618-3169.50.2.116.

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Abstract. Among the most influential models of automatic affective processing is the spreading activation account ( Fazio, Sanbonmatsu, Powell, & Kardes, 1986 ). However, investigations of this model by different research groups using the pronunciation task in an affective priming paradigm yielded contradictory results. Whereas one research group reported congruency effects, another obtained reversed priming effects (contrast effects), and still another found null effects. In Experiment 1, we were able to show an influence of trait anxiety on the direction of the affective priming effect. By using a multiple priming paradigm in Experiment 2, we were able to link the occurrence of reversed priming effects to increased levels of activation of affective representations. We propose that this relation might underlie the influence of trait anxiety on the direction of affective priming effects. Both experiments indicate that automatic evaluation in an affective network is substantially moderated by personality traits and activation level.
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Berner, Michael P., and Markus A. Maier. "The Direction of Affective Priming as a Function of Trait Anxiety When Naming Target Words With Regular and Irregular Pronunciation." Experimental Psychology 51, no. 3 (June 2004): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.51.3.180.

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Abstract. Results from an affective priming experiment confirm the previously reported influence of trait anxiety on the direction of affective priming in the naming task ( Maier, Berner, & Pekrun, 2003 ): On trials in which extremely valenced primes appeared, positive affective priming reversed into negative affective priming with increasing levels of trait anxiety. Using valenced target words with irregular pronunciation did not have the expected effect of increasing the extent to which semantic processes play a role in naming, as affective priming effects were not stronger for irregular targets than for regular targets. This suggests the predominant operation of a whole-word nonsemantic pathway in reading aloud in German. Data from neutral priming trials hint at the possibility that negative affective priming in participants high in trait anxiety is due to inhibition of congruent targets.
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Yao, Zhao, Xiangru Zhu, and Wenbo Luo. "Valence makes a stronger contribution than arousal to affective priming." PeerJ 7 (October 1, 2019): e7777. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7777.

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Background Recent data suggest that both word valence and arousal modulate subsequent cognitive processing. However, whether valence or arousal makes a stronger contribution to cognitive processing is less understood. Methods The present study performed three experiments that varied the valence (positive or negative) and arousal (high or low) of prime-target word pairs in a lexical decision-priming task. Affective priming was derived from pure valence (Experiment 1), pure arousal (Experiment 2), or a combination of valence and arousal (Experiment 3). Results By comparing three types of priming effects, we found an effect of valence on affective priming was obvious regardless of whether the relationship of the prime-target varied with valence, arousal, or the combination of valence and arousal. In contrast, an effect of arousal on affective priming only appeared in the condition that based on the arousal relationship of the prime-target pair. Moreover, the valence-driven priming effect, arousal-driven priming effect, and emotional-driven priming effect were modulated by valence type but not by arousal level of word stimuli. Conclusion The present results revealed a pattern of valence and arousal in semantic networks, indicating that the valence information of emotional words tends to be more stable than arousal information within the semantic system, at least in the present lexical decision-priming task.
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De Houwer, Jan, and Tom Randell. "Attention to Primes Modulates Affective Priming of Pronunciation Responses." Experimental Psychology 49, no. 3 (July 2002): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//1618-3169.49.3.163.

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Abstract. In studies on affective priming of pronunciation responses, two words are presented on each trial and participants are asked to read the second word out loud. Whereas some studies revealed shorter reaction times when the two words had the same valence than when they had a different valence, other studies either found no effect of affective congruence or revealed a reversed effect. In the present experiments, a significant effect of affective congruence only emerged when filler trials were presented in which the prime and target were identical and participants were instructed to attend to the primes (Experiment 2). No effects were found when participants were merely instructed to attend to or ignore the primes (Experiment 1), or when affectively incongruent filler trials were presented and participants were instructed to ignore the primes (Experiment 2).
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Spruyt, Adriaan, Jan De Houwer, Dirk Hermans, and Paul Eelen. "Affective Priming of Nonaffective Semantic Categorization Responses." Experimental Psychology 54, no. 1 (January 2007): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.54.1.44.

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Recent studies have shown that robust affective priming effects can be obtained when participants are required to categorize the targets on the basis of their valence, but not when participants are asked to categorize the targets on the basis of nonaffective features. On the basis of this pattern of results, it has been argued that affective priming is due to processes that operate at a response selection stage rather than to processes that operate at an encoding stage. We demonstrate (a) that affective priming of nonaffective semantic categorization responses can be obtained when participants assign attention to the affective stimulus dimension, and (b) that affective priming in the standard evaluative categorization task is strongly reduced when participants assign attention to nonaffective stimulus features. On the basis of these findings, we argue (a) that processes operating at an encoding stage do contribute to the affective priming effect, and (b) that automatic affective stimulus processing is reduced when participants selectively attend to nonaffective stimulus features.
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Timmers, Renee, and Harriet Crook. "Affective Priming in Music Listening." Music Perception 31, no. 5 (December 2012): 470–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2014.31.5.470.

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Three behavioral experiments were conducted to investigate the hypothesis that perceived emotion activates expectations for upcoming musical events. Happy, sad, and neutral pictures were used as emotional primes. In Experiments 1 and 2, expectations for the continuation of neutral melodic openings were tested using an implicit task that required participants to judge the tuning of the first note of the melodic continuation. This first note was either high or low in pitch (Experiment 1) or followed either a narrow or wide melodic interval (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 assessed expectations using an explicit task and required participants to rate the quality of melodic continuations, which varied in register and interval size. Experiments 1 and 3 confirmed that emotion indeed modulates expectations for melodic continuations in a high or low register. The effect of emotion on expectations for melodic intervals was significant only in Experiment 3, although there was a trend for happiness to increase expectations for wide intervals in Experiment 2.
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Jiang, Yang, Victoria Vagnini, Jessica Clark, and Qin Zhang. "Reduced Sensitivity of Older Adults to Affective Mismatches." Scientific World JOURNAL 7 (2007): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.115.

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The present study investigated age-related differences in emotional processing by using a paradigm of affective priming. Eighteen, right-handed, younger (mean age 22) and 15 older (mean age 68) subjects pressed buttons to indicate pleasantness of target words. The valence of each prime-target pair was congruent (e.g., win-love), incongruent (e.g., love-loss), or neutral (time-flower). Two sets of 720 prime-target pairs used either affective words or pictures as primes, and affect words as targets. We included well-matched positive and negative valence pairs in all congruent, neutral, and incongruent conditions, and controlled for possible contamination by semantic meaning, word frequency, and repetition effects. The response time (RT) results revealed that young participants responded faster to the targets in affectively congruent conditions than in incongruent conditions. In older participants, the responses to target words were indifferent to all valence congruency conditions. The age effect in affective priming largely reflects reduced sensitivity to affective mismatches among older adults. Intriguingly, emotional Stroop effect and some perceptual priming have been linked to increased interferences and mismatches in older adults. The age-related changes in affective, perceptual, and semantic processes are discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Affective priming effect"

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林, 幹也, and Mikiya Hayashi. "感情プライミング効果における活性化拡散仮説の検討." 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7567.

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Yim, Gary K. "Two Studies on Assessing Emotional Responses to Music and Mode: The Effect of Lowered Pitch on Sadness Judgments, and the Affective Priming Paradigm as an Implicit Measure." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397812280.

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Boakes, Jolee Alison. "The role of specific emotions in affective priming effects." University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Education, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0116.

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[Truncated abstract] The finding that less time is needed to evaluate the valence of a target when it is preceded by a prime of the same valence, as opposed to one of the opposite valence, has become known as the affective priming effect. The research reported here investigated a new model of the mechanisms underlying affective priming effects, which focuses on the role of specific emotions within global valence categories. Specifically, this model stipulates that when presented with a stimulus that elicits particular emotions, the area of the brain corresponding to that emotion is automatically stimulated. This in turn will produce a diffuse activation of meaning nodes that are associated with that emotion. This emotion-based priming model departs from previous spreading activation accounts of affective priming, as it suggests that the facilitation effects observed in such studies may be due primarily to spreading activation via emotion-congruent, rather than valence-congruent, nodes. The overarching goal of the empirical research programme reported here was to test predictions based on this model. In three studies, facilitation effects ascribable to specific emotion-based congruence (e.g., fear-fear) were compared with those ascribable to global valence-based congruence (e.g., negative-negative) alone (i.e., in the absence of emotion-based congruence). Participants made valence judgements on targets which represented one of five basic human emotions: one positive (happy) and four negative (disgust, fear, sad, and anger). ... The fundamental design elements were the same across all three studies: the only difference was in the stimulus format of the prime-target pairs: emotion-laden scenes were used in Study One; facial expressions in Study Two; and emotion-laden words in Study Three. Results showed that, in comparison to the neutral and incongruent baselines, there were significant emotion-based priming effects across all stimulus formats. This result was also consistent across all of the negative emotions employed. Significant valence-based priming effects were, however, also obtained in each of the three studies, although these effects were more inconsistent than those obtained for emotion-based priming. That is, reaction times were significantly shorter on valence-congruent than on neutral and incongruent baseline trials, but only for a portion of the tests performed across the three studies. In Studies One and Two, reaction times were consistently shorter for emotion-congruent prime-target pairs than for valence-congruent prime-target pairs. This trend was absent in Study Three, in which word stimuli were used. These results indicate that while reaction times were facilitated, albeit inconsistently, for valence-congruent prime-target pairs, they were facilitated significantly further for emotion-congruent pairs when picture-based stimuli were used. The emotion-based and valence-based priming effects obtained across the three studies are discussed in terms of three competing theories: (i) spreading activation via global valence nodes, (ii) spreading activation via emotion centres, and (iii) expectancy-based processes. A dual-process hypothesis of affective priming is then proposed. The plausibility of the hypothesis is then explored through a synthesis and re-examination of results reported in previous affective priming research. Directions for future research to elaborate and extend on this work are discussed.
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Garcia, Danilo. "Attributionsstil och priming-effekt: En experimentell studie om välmående." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-863.

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The aim of this study was to examine differences between happy and unhappy people, with respect to individuals interpretations, their attributonal style and in what way the priming effect is related to their attributional style and well-being. The participants were 74 senior high school and 21 undergraduate college students. Participants were asked to read a short story, some words were in bold type, and thereafter for their subjective perception of the words in bold type loading and memory of them in a recognition list. Attributional style was operationalized with an own constructed instrument. The results show that happy individuals interpreted more words as positive than negative in comparission with unhappy individuals. No correlation between participants well-being and global or attributional style for negative events were found. Both groups showed a tendency to be more optimistic than pessimstic for positive events. No differences were found for either memory or priming of loaded words. In sum the results suggest that happy individuals tend to conceive the world more positive.

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Thomas, Joseph Denard. "Search Versus Competition: Factors Affecting the Prime Lexicality Effect." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/242392.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the extent to which there is consistent evidence pertaining to the prime lexicality effect. Theoretical claims about the nature of this effect, in which masked nonword form primes produce greater facilitation than word form primes, have been hotly debated in the masked priming literature. Here, there are two major conflicting accounts of visual word recognition to consider. Cascaded activation approaches such as the Interactive Activation model rely on competition between word units to account for word recognition. This view predicts inhibitory effects for word form primes due to competition between word units for the prime and target. In contrast, proponents of the Search Model have maintained that elements in the process of verifying visual input suggest that word primes should produce neither facilitatory nor inhibitory effects during masked presentation. Evidence that is consistent with both approaches has been reported in the literature. A 1998 study by Forster and Veres looked at long words using a masked lexical decision task and demonstrated strong facilitation from nonword primes and no effect for word primes. A 2006 paper for Davis and Lupker, however, reported that the nonword prime facilitation that they observed using the same task was accompanied by strong word prime inhibition. The presence of this inhibitory effect seems to support the interactive activation account, but it remains unclear why inhibitory effects such as these were not seen in the Forster and Veres work. The present study sought to explore the reliability of the effects that are generated by word form primes. In particular, the different types of stimuli used in the conflicting papers (i.e. long versus short items) were contrasted. Evaluations regarding their relative discrimination difficulty and performance during masked lexical decision were conducted. The investigation revealed that there is indeed a difference between the output provided by those different stimulus types and that context effects emerge when they are presented together in the same experiment. The implications of these findings for the various views on visual word recognition are discussed.
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Olivera, la Rosa Julio Antonio. "Effects of the time course of negative affective priming on moral judgment: the shortest the soa, the lesser the severity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84093.

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Although a number of studies report that disgust exerts a special influence on moral judgments by making them more severe, these studies have not properly explained whether (a) the influence of disgust is moral-specific and (b) whether such influence results from specific disgust appraisals or if it is caused by a more basic affective computation. In this context, in the present investigation we test how affective priming by disgust and horror influences participant’s moral and nonmoral judgments. Additionally, by varying the stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) duration, the present study tests the way such an influence varies through the time course of affective priming. This is, to our knowledge, the first research testing the effects of the time course of affective priming on moral judgments.
Tot i que diferents investigacions suggereixen que l’emoció de repugnància incrementa la severitat dels judicis morals, aquests estudis no han acabat d’explicar prou si: (a) l’esmentada influència de la repugnància resulta específica dels judicis morals o afecta també als judicis no morals; (b) si l’efecte susdit resulta d’un procés de valoració (appraisal) específica o es tracta més aviat d’una influència de l’afecte. En el context descrit, aquesta investigació contrasta si el priming afectiu (a partir d’estímuls prime de repugnància i horror) influeix sobre els judicis morals i no morals, analitzant, alhora, si aquest efecte canvia segons els paràmetres temporals del priming, tot investigant com influeix la durada de l’interval entre l’aparició del prime i la del target (Stimulus-Onset Asynchrony, SOA). Aquest treball constitueix el primer estudi en torn dels efectes del priming afectiu de repugnància i horror (i del seu curs temporal) sobre els judicis morals i no morals
Aunque diversas investigaciones sugieren que la repugnancia incrementa la severidad de los juicios morales, estos estudios explican suficientemente: (a) si dicha influencia es específica de los juicios morales o afecta también a los no morales; (b) si el efecto descrito resulta de un proceso de valoración (appraisal) o se trata de una mera influencia del afecto. En el contexto descrito, esta investigación contrasta si el priming afectivo, utilizando primes de repugnancia y de horror, influye sobre los juicios morales y sobre los no morales, estudiando asimismo si dicho efecto cambia según los parámetros temporales del priming a partir del análisis de la influencia del intervalo entre la aparición del prime y la del target (stimulus-onset asynchrony, SOA). Este trabajo constituye el primer estudio en torno a los efectos del priming afectivo de repugnancia y horror, así como de su curso temporal, sobre los juicios morales vs. no morales.
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Yuan, Yangyang. "Considerations affecting the evaluations of the Ohio governor in the 2002 gubernatorial election an integrated model of priming and reasoning chain /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1072280616.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 119 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Gerald Kosicki, School of Journalism and Communication. Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-119).
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Ladd, Sandra Lee. "Cardiovascular psychophysiological and behavioral evidence for an affective implicit priming mechanism." Thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15289.

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The mere exposure effect, positive affect elicited by exposure to a previously unfamiliar stimulus, is considered one of the most well established findings in the psychological literature. Yet its mechanism remains unknown. In Experiments 1 - 5, memory encoding was examined to determine whether the mere exposure effect was a form of conceptual or perceptual implicit priming, and, if not either, whether cardiovascular psychophysiology could reveal its nature. Experiment 1 examined the effects of study phase level of processing on recognition, the mere exposure effect, and word identification implicit priming. Deep relative to shallow processing improved recognition, but did not influence the mere exposure effect or word identification implicit priming. Experiments 2 and 3 examined the effect of study-test changes in font and orientation, respectively, on the mere exposure effect and word identification implicit priming. Different study-test font and orientation reduced word identification implicit priming, but had no influence on the mere exposure effect. The combined results from Experiments 1-3 suggested that conceptual and perceptual processing do not drive the mere exposure effect. Experiments 4 and 5 developed and used, respectively, an innovative cardiovascular psychophysiological implicit priming paradigm to examine whether stimulus-specific cardiovascular reactivity at study predicted the mere exposure effect at test. At encoding, stimulus-specific peripheral vasodilatation had predictive value for the mere exposure effect, but not for word identification implicit priming. Experiments 6 and 7 examined whether sustained or transitory anxiety (i.e., trait or state, respectively) would influence the mere exposure effect. Greater trait and state anxiety reduced the mere exposure effect. Together, the findings from these experiments (N = 362) identify a novel affective mechanism of implicit priming that is influenced by cardiovascular psychophysiology and variations in trait and state anxiety.
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Ferreira, Joana Macedo Figueiredo. "It's all about me: evidence of the self-reference effect in an affective masked priming categorization task." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/48133.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia
Several experiments in different areas of cognitive psychology showed that individuals process information differently depending on the level on which the self is implicated. However there is no agreement at what extent the self-reference affects early or later stages of visual word recognition. In this study we aimed to explore the role of self-reference in the recognition of positive (e.g., “interesting”) and negative (e.g., “terrible”) target words. To that purpose, participants performed an affective categorization task combined with a masked priming paradigm, in which target words were preceded by a brief prime (50 ms) that could be self-related (“Eu sou”[I am]), other-related (“Ela é”[She is]) or a control prime (“%%%%%”). Results showed significant priming effects, as words preceded by self-related primes produced faster reaction times (RTs) than words preceded by other-related primes, but not from words preceded by control primes, irrespectively of the valence of the targets. Furthermore, other-related primes produced longer RTs than both self-related and control primes. Results show a clear advantage in the processing of self-related information at early stages of visual-word recognition and ask for amendments in the current models of visualword recognition, which did not assign any role to self-related information in word recognition.
Vários estudos na área da psicologia cognitiva mostraram que os indivíduos processam a informação de forma diferente dependendo do nível em que o self está implícito. No entanto, não há acordo em que medida a Self-reference afeta fases iniciais ou fases mais posteriores do reconhecimento visual de palavras. Neste estudo, procuramos explorar o papel do Self-reference effect no reconhecimento de palavras positivas (e.g., "interessante") e negativas (e.g., "terrível"). As participantes realizaram uma tarefa de categorização afetiva combinada com um paradigma de priming mascarado, em que as palavras foram precedidas por um breve prime (50 ms) que poderia ser self-related ("Eu sou"), other-related ("Ela é") ou um prime controlo ("%%%%%"). Os resultados mostraram efeitos de priming, pois as palavras precedidas de primes self-related produziram tempos de reação (RTs) mais rápidos do que as palavras precedidas de other-related primes, mas não de palavras precedidas de primes de controlo, independentemente da valência das palavras. Além disso, other-related primes produziram RTs mais longos do que os self-related primes e do que os de controlo. Os resultados mostram uma clara vantagem no processamento de informação self-related em etapas iniciais do reconhecimento visual de palavras e solicitam alterações nos modelos atuais de reconhecimento de palavras, que não atribuem qualquer função a informação relacionada ao self no reconhecimento de palavras.
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Rosenberg, Daniel. "The effects of affective priming and aging on ratings, thoughts, and recall for advertisements." 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03252003-203718/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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Book chapters on the topic "Affective priming effect"

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Yin, Yongqiang, Bin Hu, Tiantian Li, and Xiangwei Zheng. "Classification of Subliminal Affective Priming Effect Based on AE and SVM." In Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, 778–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1377-0_60.

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Zhang, Min, Bin Hu, Yuang Zhang, and Xiangwei Zheng. "An Analysis Method for Subliminal Affective Priming Effect Based on CEEMDAN and MPE." In Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, 323–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1377-0_25.

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Bausell, R. Barker. "Damage Control upon Learning That One’s Study Failed to Replicate." In The Problem with Science, 173–90. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197536537.003.0009.

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But what happens to investigators whose studies fails to replicate? The answer is complicated by the growing use of social media by scientists and the tenor of the original investigators’ responses to the replicators. Alternative case studies are presented including John Bargh’s vitriolic outburst following a failure of his classic word priming study to replicate, Amy Cuddy’s unfortunate experience with power posing, and Matthew Vees’s low-keyed response in which he declined to aggressively disparage his replicators, complemented the replicators’ interpretation of their replication, and neither defended his original study or even suggested that its findings might be wrong. In addition to such case studies, surveys on the subject suggest that there are normally no long-term deleterious career or reputational effects on investigators for a failure of a study to replicate and that a reasoned (or no) response to a failed replication is the superior professional and affective solution.
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Benarroch, Eduardo E. "Synaptic Transmission and Presynaptic Synaptopathies." In Neuroscience for Clinicians, edited by Eduardo E. Benarroch, 259–75. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190948894.003.0015.

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Transmission of information in the nervous system largely occurs via chemical synapses, which are sites of bidirectional communication. Chemical synapses have a complex morphologic and molecular organization. Presynaptic events include synthesis and vesicular storage of the neurotransmitter; trafficking, docking, and priming of the synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic active zones; calcium-dependent neurotransmitter release by exocytosis, and recycling of synaptic vesicles by endocytosis. Postsynaptic events are mediated by neurotransmitter-gated ion channels (ionotropic receptors) that mediate fast excitatory or inhibitory effects (classical neurotransmission) and G protein-coupled receptors that mediate neuromodulatory effects. The precise development and functional apposition of presynaptic and postsynaptic elements via scaffolding proteins and transsynaptic adhesion molecules assures fast and precise synaptic transmission and plasticity. Genetic disorders affecting presynaptic events may manifest with paroxysmal dyskinesia, congenital myasthenic syndrome, and some forms of familial Parkinson disease (PD). Presynaptic membrane proteins are also targets of toxic and autoimmune disorders.
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Conference papers on the topic "Affective priming effect"

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Liu, Juan, HuaMiao Song, Wen Dong, and WenHua Peng. "Subliminal Affective Priming Effect on Decision Making in Prisoner's Dilemma." In 2014 International Conference on Social Science (ICSS-14). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icss-14.2014.22.

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Liao, Ting, and Erin MacDonald. "Manipulating Trust of Autonomous Products With Affective Priming." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98395.

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Abstract User-to-product trust has two notable aspects: (1) the user’s propensity to trust, and (2) the product’s trustworthiness as assessed by the user. Autonomous products, which perform many functions on their own with limited user input, require the user to exhibit trust at an appropriate level before use. Research in product trust thus far has focused on the product trustworthiness: manipulating the product’s design, for example, anthropomorphizing an autonomous vehicle and measuring changes in trust. This study flips the usual approach, manipulating a person’s propensity to trust and measuring response to an existing autonomous product, the Amazon Echo. We build on our past successes with priming exercises to reveal insights into the user-related factors of product trust. In this study, we used visual stimuli that evoked either positive, neutral or negative emotions as affective primes to influence users’ trust propensity before the interaction. The participants interacted with a mock-up of the Amazon Echo via ten pre-determined question-and-answer (Q&A) sets. During the interaction, the participants evaluated the Echo’s competence and if it met participants’ expectations. They also reported trust towards the Echo after the Q&A sets. Holistically, the affective primes show no significant effect on the trust propensity. For the subgroup of participants whose expectations of the product’s performance were met, both the perceived product competence and the affective primes have significant effects on trust propensity. These results demonstrate the complex nature of trust as a multidimensional construct and the critical role of product performance in trust formation. They also suggest that it will be difficult for a product to build trust with users who expect the product to perform in a different way than its intent — if one wants to design a product that builds trust, they should understand user expectations and design to meet them. This learning can facilitate the intentional design of the affective process in trust formation that helps build a healthy level of trust with autonomous products.
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Gómez-Carreño, Carlos Rodríguez, Antonio Ramírez García, Luis Beato Fernández, Irene Díaz Quero, and Estefanía Segura Escobar. "Craving and Priming of alcohol in depressive disorders. Bibliographic review and new therapies." In 22° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2020. SEPD, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2020p140.

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Acute alcohol consumption produces positive reinforcement effects, through activation of brain reward circuit, includes limbic system structures (accumbens system and hippocampus). The comorbidity of depressive episode and alcohol abuse makes it necessary to propose new strategies for the treatment of this frequent clinical situation. We conducted a literature review of the combined treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) with alcohol abuse. We review current literature on the use of new treatments in alcohol consumption with pattern of abuse (binge drinking). Recent studies support the potential clinical importance of NMDA receptor antagonism among the mechanisms underlying the subjective effects of ethanol in humans. The efficacy of medications for alcohol dependence remains modest, and there are no strong clinical predictors of treatment response. We analyze approved medications used today: Acamprosate (NMDA modulator), disulfiram (acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor), naltrexone (opioid antagonist), nalmefene (opioid antagonist). Promising current studies suggest the glutamatergic pathway and medications such as ketamine could have a hopeful future in the treatment of alcohol use disorder associated with affective disorders.
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