Journal articles: 'Affective priming effect'

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Goerlich, Katharina Sophia, Jurriaan Witteman, Niels O. Schiller, Vincent J. Van Heuven, André Aleman, and Sander Martens. "The Nature of Affective Priming in Music and Speech." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 8 (August 2012): 1725–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00213.

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The phenomenon of affective priming has caught scientific interest for over 30 years, yet the nature of the affective priming effect remains elusive. This study investigated the underlying mechanism of cross-modal affective priming and the influence of affective incongruence in music and speech on negativities in the N400 time-window. In Experiment 1, participants judged the valence of affective targets (affective categorization). We found that music and speech targets were evaluated faster when preceded by affectively congruent visual word primes, and vice versa. This affective priming effect was accompanied by a significantly larger N400-like effect following incongruent targets. In this experiment, both spreading of activation and response competition could underlie the affective priming effect. In Experiment 2, participants categorized the same affective targets based on nonaffective characteristics. However, as prime valence was irrelevant to the response dimension, affective priming effects could no longer be attributable to response competition. In Experiment 2, affective priming effects were observed neither at the behavioral nor electrophysiological level. The results of this study indicate that both affective music and speech prosody can prime the processing of visual words with emotional connotations, and vice versa. Affective incongruence seems to be associated with N400-like effects during evaluative categorization. The present data further suggest a role of response competition during the affective categorization of music, prosody, and words with emotional connotations.

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Spruyt, Adriaan, Dirk Hermans, Jan De Houwer, and Paul Eelen. "On The Nature of the Affective Priming Effect: Affective Priming of Naming Responses." Social Cognition 20, no. 3 (June 2002): 227–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.20.3.227.21106.

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思竹, 韩. "The Cross-Modal Affective Priming Effect of Music Priming Stimulus." Advances in Psychology 04, no. 01 (2014): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ap.2014.41013.

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Maier, Markus A., Michael P. Berner, and Reinhard Pekrun. "Directionality of Affective Priming: Effects of Trait Anxiety and Activation Level." Experimental Psychology 50, no. 2 (March 2003): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//1618-3169.50.2.116.

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Abstract. Among the most influential models of automatic affective processing is the spreading activation account ( Fazio, Sanbonmatsu, Powell, & Kardes, 1986 ). However, investigations of this model by different research groups using the pronunciation task in an affective priming paradigm yielded contradictory results. Whereas one research group reported congruency effects, another obtained reversed priming effects (contrast effects), and still another found null effects. In Experiment 1, we were able to show an influence of trait anxiety on the direction of the affective priming effect. By using a multiple priming paradigm in Experiment 2, we were able to link the occurrence of reversed priming effects to increased levels of activation of affective representations. We propose that this relation might underlie the influence of trait anxiety on the direction of affective priming effects. Both experiments indicate that automatic evaluation in an affective network is substantially moderated by personality traits and activation level.

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Berner, Michael P., and Markus A. Maier. "The Direction of Affective Priming as a Function of Trait Anxiety When Naming Target Words With Regular and Irregular Pronunciation." Experimental Psychology 51, no. 3 (June 2004): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.51.3.180.

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Abstract. Results from an affective priming experiment confirm the previously reported influence of trait anxiety on the direction of affective priming in the naming task ( Maier, Berner, & Pekrun, 2003 ): On trials in which extremely valenced primes appeared, positive affective priming reversed into negative affective priming with increasing levels of trait anxiety. Using valenced target words with irregular pronunciation did not have the expected effect of increasing the extent to which semantic processes play a role in naming, as affective priming effects were not stronger for irregular targets than for regular targets. This suggests the predominant operation of a whole-word nonsemantic pathway in reading aloud in German. Data from neutral priming trials hint at the possibility that negative affective priming in participants high in trait anxiety is due to inhibition of congruent targets.

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Yao, Zhao, Xiangru Zhu, and Wenbo Luo. "Valence makes a stronger contribution than arousal to affective priming." PeerJ 7 (October 1, 2019): e7777. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7777.

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Background Recent data suggest that both word valence and arousal modulate subsequent cognitive processing. However, whether valence or arousal makes a stronger contribution to cognitive processing is less understood. Methods The present study performed three experiments that varied the valence (positive or negative) and arousal (high or low) of prime-target word pairs in a lexical decision-priming task. Affective priming was derived from pure valence (Experiment 1), pure arousal (Experiment 2), or a combination of valence and arousal (Experiment 3). Results By comparing three types of priming effects, we found an effect of valence on affective priming was obvious regardless of whether the relationship of the prime-target varied with valence, arousal, or the combination of valence and arousal. In contrast, an effect of arousal on affective priming only appeared in the condition that based on the arousal relationship of the prime-target pair. Moreover, the valence-driven priming effect, arousal-driven priming effect, and emotional-driven priming effect were modulated by valence type but not by arousal level of word stimuli. Conclusion The present results revealed a pattern of valence and arousal in semantic networks, indicating that the valence information of emotional words tends to be more stable than arousal information within the semantic system, at least in the present lexical decision-priming task.

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De Houwer, Jan, and Tom Randell. "Attention to Primes Modulates Affective Priming of Pronunciation Responses." Experimental Psychology 49, no. 3 (July 2002): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//1618-3169.49.3.163.

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Abstract. In studies on affective priming of pronunciation responses, two words are presented on each trial and participants are asked to read the second word out loud. Whereas some studies revealed shorter reaction times when the two words had the same valence than when they had a different valence, other studies either found no effect of affective congruence or revealed a reversed effect. In the present experiments, a significant effect of affective congruence only emerged when filler trials were presented in which the prime and target were identical and participants were instructed to attend to the primes (Experiment 2). No effects were found when participants were merely instructed to attend to or ignore the primes (Experiment 1), or when affectively incongruent filler trials were presented and participants were instructed to ignore the primes (Experiment 2).

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Spruyt, Adriaan, Jan De Houwer, Dirk Hermans, and Paul Eelen. "Affective Priming of Nonaffective Semantic Categorization Responses." Experimental Psychology 54, no. 1 (January 2007): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.54.1.44.

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Recent studies have shown that robust affective priming effects can be obtained when participants are required to categorize the targets on the basis of their valence, but not when participants are asked to categorize the targets on the basis of nonaffective features. On the basis of this pattern of results, it has been argued that affective priming is due to processes that operate at a response selection stage rather than to processes that operate at an encoding stage. We demonstrate (a) that affective priming of nonaffective semantic categorization responses can be obtained when participants assign attention to the affective stimulus dimension, and (b) that affective priming in the standard evaluative categorization task is strongly reduced when participants assign attention to nonaffective stimulus features. On the basis of these findings, we argue (a) that processes operating at an encoding stage do contribute to the affective priming effect, and (b) that automatic affective stimulus processing is reduced when participants selectively attend to nonaffective stimulus features.

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Timmers, Renee, and Harriet Crook. "Affective Priming in Music Listening." Music Perception 31, no. 5 (December 2012): 470–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2014.31.5.470.

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Three behavioral experiments were conducted to investigate the hypothesis that perceived emotion activates expectations for upcoming musical events. Happy, sad, and neutral pictures were used as emotional primes. In Experiments 1 and 2, expectations for the continuation of neutral melodic openings were tested using an implicit task that required participants to judge the tuning of the first note of the melodic continuation. This first note was either high or low in pitch (Experiment 1) or followed either a narrow or wide melodic interval (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 assessed expectations using an explicit task and required participants to rate the quality of melodic continuations, which varied in register and interval size. Experiments 1 and 3 confirmed that emotion indeed modulates expectations for melodic continuations in a high or low register. The effect of emotion on expectations for melodic intervals was significant only in Experiment 3, although there was a trend for happiness to increase expectations for wide intervals in Experiment 2.

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Jiang, Yang, Victoria Vagnini, Jessica Clark, and Qin Zhang. "Reduced Sensitivity of Older Adults to Affective Mismatches." Scientific World JOURNAL 7 (2007): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.115.

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The present study investigated age-related differences in emotional processing by using a paradigm of affective priming. Eighteen, right-handed, younger (mean age 22) and 15 older (mean age 68) subjects pressed buttons to indicate pleasantness of target words. The valence of each prime-target pair was congruent (e.g., win-love), incongruent (e.g., love-loss), or neutral (time-flower). Two sets of 720 prime-target pairs used either affective words or pictures as primes, and affect words as targets. We included well-matched positive and negative valence pairs in all congruent, neutral, and incongruent conditions, and controlled for possible contamination by semantic meaning, word frequency, and repetition effects. The response time (RT) results revealed that young participants responded faster to the targets in affectively congruent conditions than in incongruent conditions. In older participants, the responses to target words were indifferent to all valence congruency conditions. The age effect in affective priming largely reflects reduced sensitivity to affective mismatches among older adults. Intriguingly, emotional Stroop effect and some perceptual priming have been linked to increased interferences and mismatches in older adults. The age-related changes in affective, perceptual, and semantic processes are discussed.

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Ogawa, Tokihiro, and Naoto Suzuki. "An examination of the subliminal affective priming effect." JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS 5, no. 2 (1998): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4092/jsre.5.70.

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Spruyt, Adriaan, Dirk Hermans, Mario Pandelaere, Jan De Houwer, and Paul Eelen. "On the Replicability of the Affective Priming Effect in the Pronunciation Task." Experimental Psychology 51, no. 2 (January 2004): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.51.2.109.

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Abstract. Bargh, Chaiken, Raymond, and Hymes (1996 ) and Hermans, De Houwer, and Eelen (1994 ) showed that a valenced target word is pronounced faster after the presentation of an affectively related prime word than after the presentation of an affectively unrelated prime word. This finding is important because it provides crucial evidence for the hypotheses that stimulus evaluation (a) is goal-independent and (b) facilitates the encoding of stimuli that have the same valence. However, recent studies indicate that the affective priming effect is not a reliable finding in the standard pronunciation task. We report the results of a nearly exact replication of Bargh et al.’s (1996 ) Experiment 2. In line with previous replication studies, we failed to detect the affective priming effect.

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Haneda, Kaoruko, Michio Nomura, Tetsuya Iidaka, and Hideki Ohira. "Interaction of Prime and Target in the Subliminal Affective Priming Effect." Perceptual and Motor Skills 96, no. 2 (April 2003): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.2.695.

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It has been found that an emotional stimulus such as a facial expression presented subliminally can affect subsequent information processing and behavior, usually by shifting evaluation of a subsequent stimulus to a valence congruent with the previous stimulus. This phenomenon is called subliminal affective priming. The present study was conducted to replicate and expand previous findings by investigating interaction of primes and targets in the affective priming effect. Two conditions were used, Prime (subliminal presentation 35 msec.) of an angry face of a woman and a No Prime control condition. Just after presentation of the prime, an ambiguous angry face or an emotionally neutral face was presented above the threshold of awareness (500 msec.). 12 female undergraduate women judged categories of facial expressions (Anger, Neutral, or Happiness) for the target faces. Analysis indicated that the Anger primes significantly facilitated judgment of anger for the ambiguous angry faces; however, the priming effect of the Anger primes was not observed for neutral faces. Consequently, the present finding suggested that a subliminal affective priming effect should be more prominent when affective valence of primes and targets is congruent.

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Peynircioğlu, Zehra F., James D. March, Aimée M. Surprenant, and Ian Neath. "Contrast and Congruence Effects in Affective Priming of Words and Melodies." Psychology of Language and Communication 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plc-2013-0001.

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We examined possible congruence and contrast effects during affective priming of linguistic and musical stimuli. In Experiment 1, when two words were presented auditorily, participants judged the affective content of the second item (happy or sad) faster when the affects matched (congruency), as expected. In Experiment 2, however, a contrast effect was observed with melodies, with slower responses in the matched conditions. In Experiment 3, two words, two melodies, or one of each were presented. A congruency effect was observed when the target was a musical stimulus (regardless of the prime type) but a contrast effect was observed when the target was a linguistic stimulus (again, regardless of the prime type). The results show that affective properties can influence the priming in both music and language. However, such priming is sensitive to the type of task, and strategic/expectancy effects play a large role when stimulus types are mixed.

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Aguado, Luis, Ana Garcia-Gutierrez, Ester Castañeda, and Cristina Saugar. "Effects of Prime Task on Affective Priming By Facial Expressions of Emotion." Spanish Journal of Psychology 10, no. 2 (November 2007): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600006478.

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Priming of affective word evaluation by pictures of faces showing positive and negative emotional expressions was investigated in two experiments that used a double task procedure where participants were asked to respond to the prime or to the target on different trials. The experiments varied between-subjects the prime task assignment and the prime-target interval (SOA, stimulus onset asynchrony). Significant congruency effects (that is, faster word evaluation when prime and target had the same valence than when they were of opposite valence) were observed in both experiments. When the prime task oriented the subjects to an affectively irrelevant property of the faces (their gender), priming was observed at SOA 300 ms but not at SOA 1000 ms (Experiment 1). However, when the prime task assignment explicitly oriented the subjects to the valence of the face, priming was observed at both SOA durations (Experiment 2). These results show, first, that affective priming by pictures of facial emotion can be obtained even when the subject has an explicit goal to process a non-affective property of the prime. Second, sensitivity of the priming effect to SOA duration seems to depend on whether it is mediated by intentional or unintentional activation of the valence of the face prime.

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MATSUI, Takao, and Rika MIZUNO. "Effect of orthographic difference of words on subliminal affective priming effects." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 75 (2011): 3AM041. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.75.0_3am041.

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Hermans, Dirk, Jan De Houwer, and Paul Eelen. "A time course analysis of the affective priming effect." Cognition and Emotion 15, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269993004200033.

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Hermans, Dirk, Jan De Houwer, and Paul Eelen. "A time course analysis of the affective priming effect." Cognition & Emotion 15, no. 2 (March 2001): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930125768.

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Gohier, B., C. Senior, P. J. Brittain, N. Lounes, W. El-Hage, V. Law, M. L. Phillips, and S. A. Surguladze. "Gender Differences in the Sensitivity to Negative Stimuli: Cross-Modal Affective Priming Study." European Psychiatry 28, no. 2 (September 9, 2011): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.06.007.

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AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence showing that men and women differ with regard to the processing of emotional information. However, the mechanisms behind these differences are not fully understood.MethodThe sample comprised of 275 (167 female) right-handed, healthy participants, recruited from the community. We employed a customized affective priming task, which consisted of three subtests, differing in the modality of the prime (face, written word, and sound). The targets were always written words of either positive or negative valence. The priming effect was measured as reaction time facilitation in conditions where both prime and target were emotional (of the same positive or negative valence) compared with conditions where the emotional targets were preceded by neutral primes.ResultsThe priming effect was observed across all three modalities, with an interaction of gender by valence: the priming effect in the emotionally negative condition in male participants was stronger compared with females. This was accounted for by the differential priming effect within the female group where priming was significantly smaller in the emotionally negative conditions compared with the positive conditions. The male participants revealed a comparable priming effect across both the emotionally negative and positive conditions.ConclusionReduced priming in negative conditions in women may reflect interference processes due to greater sensitivity to negative valence of stimuli. This in turn could underlie the gender-related differences in susceptibility to emotional disorders.

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Li, Wen, Richard E. Zinbarg, Stephan G. Boehm, and Ken A. Paller. "Neural and Behavioral Evidence for Affective Priming from Unconsciously Perceived Emotional Facial Expressions and the Influence of Trait Anxiety." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20, no. 1 (January 2008): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20006.

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Affective judgments can often be influenced by emotional information people unconsciously perceive, but the neural mechanisms responsible for these effects and how they are modulated by individual differences in sensitivity to threat are unclear. Here we studied subliminal affective priming by recording brain potentials to surprise faces preceded by 30-msec happy or fearful prime faces. Participants showed valence-consistent changes in affective ratings of surprise faces, although they reported no knowledge of prime-face expressions, nor could they discriminate between prime-face expressions in a forced-choice test. In conjunction with the priming effect on affective evaluation, larger occipital P1 potentials at 145–175 msec were found with fearful than with happy primes, and source analyses implicated the bilateral extrastriate cortex in this effect. Later brain potentials at 300–400 msec were enhanced with happy versus fearful primes, which may reflect differential attentional orienting. Personality testing for sensitivity to threat, especially social threat, was also used to evaluate individual differences potentially relevant to subliminal affective priming. Indeed, participants with high trait anxiety demonstrated stronger affective priming and greater P1 differences than did those with low trait anxiety, and these effects were driven by fearful primes. Results thus suggest that unconsciously perceived affective information influences social judgments by altering very early perceptual analyses, and that this influence is accentuated to the extent that people are oversensitive to threat. In this way, perception may be subject to a variety of influences that govern social preferences in the absence of concomitant awareness of such influences.

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Frijns, Carolien, and Kris Van den Branden. "Unlocking the power of productive classroom talk for early second language acquisition." TASK / Journal on Task-Based Language Teaching and Learning 1, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 71–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/task.00004.fri.

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Abstract This study investigates whether participation in classroom interaction and a specific type of affective priming using parents’ pictures had positive effects on ethnic minority children’s L2 vocabulary acquisition. A quasi-experimental study was set up in which preschoolers-at-risk were engaged in a task-based intervention with different types of affective priming while they were participating in, or overhearing, classroom interaction in the L2. The results of the study indicated significant main effects of (1) the children’s prior proficiency in the second language and (2) their participation in productive classroom interaction on their vocabulary acquisition. A significant interaction effect was found for overhearing and school disliking. For affective priming, no significant effects were found. This present study provides evidence that both participating in, and overhearing, productive classroom talk are powerful ways to boost young children’s L2 vocabulary acquisition.

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Blaszczak, Wojciech, and Kamil Imbir. "Use of Affective Priming to Measure the Implicit Self-Reference Effect." Psychological Reports 111, no. 1 (August 2012): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/07.21.24.pr0.111.4.107-114.

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A modified suboptimal affective priming paradigm was used to provide an implicit measure of the self-reference effect (Implicit Self-Reference effect, ISR). Hexagrams described to participants as “symbols of different human characteristics” served as judgment target stimuli. Participants (14 women, 12 men; age range = 21 to 25 years) were asked to judge the extent to which the characteristic symbolized by each hexagram was self-relevant to them. Twelve photographs of faces displaying either a neutral expression, disgust, or joy were used as suboptimal primes for each presentation and exposed for 17 msec. Results indicated that participants judged hexagrams affectively primed with faces showing disgust as having significantly lower reference to the self than hexagrams primed with joyful faces.

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홍영지, 이윤형, and 우현정. "The Effect of task-irrelevant affective priming on belief-bias." Korean Journal of Cognitive Science 28, no. 1 (March 2017): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.19066/cogsci.2017.28.1.003.

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Gohier, B., D. Denes, M. Briere, C. R. Mesu, G. Fournis, S. A. Surguladze, D. le Gall, and JB Garre. "Cognitive inhibition and affective priming effect in major depressive disorder." International Clinical Psychopharmacology 28 (December 2012): e24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.yic.0000423273.04102.23.

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Voyer, Daniel, and Daniel Myles. "The effect of unimodal affective priming on dichotic emotion recognition." Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition 23, no. 5 (November 15, 2017): 517–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1357650x.2017.1404095.

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Klauer, Karl Christoph, Jan Mierke, and Jochen Musch. "The positivity proportion effect: A list context effect in masked affective priming." Memory & Cognition 31, no. 6 (September 2003): 953–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03196448.

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Skandrani-Marzouki, Inès, Yousri Marzouki, and Robert-Vincent Joule. "Effects of Subliminal Affective Priming on Helping Behavior Using the Foot-in-the-Door Technique." Psychological Reports 111, no. 3 (December 2012): 669–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/07.17.21.pr0.111.6.669-686.

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Two experiments examined the effect of subliminal affective priming on compliance using the foot-in-the-door (FITD) paradigm. Prior to the target request, participants were exposed to subliminal emotional expressions. FITD (presence vs absence of initial request) was crossed with Priming (positive, negative, neutral, and absence of prime-blank screen) in a between-subjects design. 180 students volunteered as participants ( M = 22 years). 20 participants (10 females) were assigned to each of eight experimental conditions plus the control condition that neither involved the initial request nor the priming experiment. Participants were asked to judge whether target sentences were relevant or not for road safety instruction. In Experiment 1, emotional valence of prime stimuli affected both endorsement rate and time devoted to the target request but not participants' attitude. Affective priming effects did not interact significantly with the FITD effect. In Experiment 2, in 180 more students, the attitude measure was replaced by an implicit recognition task. Results showed that regardless of priming condition, in the absence of FITD, participants recognized target sentences better than in the presence of FITD. Conversely, in the presence of the FITD, participants recognized more accurately previously seen sentences that were primed by positive emotions relative to other priming conditions. The latter result suggests that the presence of the FITD involves a significant amount of cognitive resources so that only stimuli emotionally relevant to the task's goal (i.e., positive) tend to be processed. Together, these results could explain how, contrary to helping behavior, compliant behavior that has no direct association with the prime stimuli was not easily influenced by the affective subliminal priming.

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Hermans, Dirk, Frank Baeyens, Sabine Lamote, Adriaan Spruyt, and Paul Eelen. "Affective Priming as an Indirect Measure of Food Preferences Acquired Through Odor Conditioning." Experimental Psychology 52, no. 3 (January 2005): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.52.3.180.

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Abstract. The present study aimed at investigating affective priming for originally neutral food stimuli that recently acquired their affective meaning through odor conditioning. In a first phase, pictures of different brands of yoghurts (CSs) were contingently presented with a positive or negative odor (US). In a subsequent phase, the yoghurt CSs were used as primes in an affective priming procedure. Rating data showed that the acquisition procedure resulted in a reliable evaluative learning effect. This could be corroborated by the results of the priming task. Participants responded faster to positive target words and made fewer errors when they were preceded by a CS that had been associated with a positive odor, as compared to a CS that was associated with a negative odor. A reversed pattern was present for negative targets. Based on these findings, it is suggested that affective priming might be used as a demand-free measure of evaluative learning.

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Kim, Choong-Myung. "Affective Priming Effect on Cognitive Processes Reflected by Event-related Potentials." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 16, no. 5 (May 28, 2016): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2016.16.05.242.

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Hermans, Dirk, Jan De Houwer, and Paul Eelen. "The affective priming effect: Automatic activation of evaluative information in memory." Cognition & Emotion 8, no. 6 (November 1994): 515–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699939408408957.

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Yang, J., Z. Cao, X. Xu, and G. Chen. "The amygdala is involved in affective priming effect for fearful faces." Brain and Cognition 80, no. 1 (October 2012): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2012.04.005.

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Richter, Maria, Christoph Schroeter, Theresa Puensch, Thomas Straube, Holger Hecht, Alexander Ritter, Wolfgang HR Miltner, and Thomas Weiss. "Pain-Related and Negative Semantic Priming Enhances Perceived Pain Intensity." Pain Research and Management 19, no. 2 (2014): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/425321.

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BACKGROUND: Negative affective and pain-related cues, such as pictures or words, have been shown to act as primes and enhance the perceived intensity of subsequent painful events. For pain-related semantic primes, it remains unclear whether this effect depends on negative valence itself or, specifically, on the pain-relatedness of the words.OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of pain-related, negative affective (pain-unrelated) and neutral semantic primes on the perception of subsequent noxious target stimuli.METHODS: Pain ratings in response to noxious electrical stimulation of light and moderate intensity were examined in 39 healthy subjects after subjects were exposed to semantic primes of different meaning and valence (pain-related, negative, positive and neutral adjectives) presented with different interstimulus intervals (0 ms, 500 ms and 1500 ms).RESULTS: Increased pain ratings of noxious stimuli were observed following pain-related and negative compared with neutral primes.DISCUSSION: The results support the motivational priming theory for semantic stimuli, indicating that affectively negative semantic primes increase subjective pain intensity. However, a specific pain-related priming effect was not reliably demonstrated. Additionally, it is shown that experimental parameters (ie, stimulus intensity and interstimulus interval) modify the extent of negative and pain-related semantic priming.CONCLUSIONS: Verbal priming plays a role for the perception of noxious stimuli in a time-dependent manner.

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Orlic, Ana. "The relationship between cognitive processing of affective verbal material and the basic personality structure." Psihologija 43, no. 3 (2010): 329–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1003329o.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive processing of affective verbal material and the basic personality structure. For the purposes of research a new experiment was created, where affective priming was measured in a lexical decision task. The term affective priming stands for facilitation in recognition of the stimuli that comes after the presentation of stimuli of the same valence. In this experiment, two words were presented on a screen in front of the subject (stimuli-prime and stimuli-target). Those two words were of the same or different affective valence, and the subject's were instructed to respond whether the second word on the screen had a meaning or not. The basic personality structure was defined by the 'Big five' model and the Disintegration model and measured by NEO PI-R and Delta 10 questionnaires. The results of the affective priming experiment indicated a strong effect of positive facilitation and much weaker effect off negative facilitation. Two significant functions were extracted by quasicanonical correlation analysis. The first function showed correlation between the effect of positive facilitation and all of the subscales of Neuroticism, Extraversion and Conscientiousness (NEO PI-R), as well as all sub dimensions of Disintegration (DELTA 10). The second one indicated to a correlation between the negative facilitation effect and some subscales of Neuroticism, Extraversion and Agreeableness (NEO PI-R), as well as all subscales of Disintegration (DELTA 10).

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Wegener, Ingo, Astrid Wawrzyniak, Katrin Imbierowicz, Rupert Conrad, Jochen Musch, Franziska Geiser, Florentine Wermter, and Reinhard Liedtke. "Evidence for Attenuated Affective Processing in Obesity." Psychological Reports 103, no. 1 (August 2008): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.103.1.35-47.

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Attenuated affective processing is hypothesized to play a role in the development and maintenance of obesity. Using an affective priming task measuring automatic affective processing of verbal stimuli, a group of 30 obese participants in a weight-loss program at the Psychosomatic University Clinic Bonn ( M age = 48.3, SD = 10.7) was compared with a group of 25 participants of normal weight ( M age = 43.6, SD= 12.5). A smaller affective priming effect was observed for participants with obesity, indicating less pronounced reactions to valenced adjectives. The generally reduced affective processing in obese participants was discussed as a possible factor in the etiology of obesity. Individuals who generally show less pronounced affective reactions to a given stimulus may also react with less negative affect when confronted with weight gain or less positive affect when weight is lost. Consequently, they could be expected to be less motivated to stop overeating or to engage in dieting and will have a higher risk of becoming or staying obese.

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Wu, Chenggang, Juan Zhang, and Zhen Yuan. "Exploring Affective Priming Effect of Emotion-Label Words and Emotion-Laden Words: An Event-Related Potential Study." Brain Sciences 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050553.

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In order to explore the affective priming effect of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words, the current study used unmasked (Experiment 1) and masked (Experiment 2) priming paradigm by including emotion-label words (e.g., sadness, anger) and emotion-laden words (e.g., death, gift) as primes and examined how the two kinds of words acted upon the processing of the target words (all emotion-laden words). Participants were instructed to decide the valence of target words, and their electroencephalogram was recorded at the same time. The behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) results showed that positive words produced a priming effect whereas negative words inhibited target word processing (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, the inhibition effect of negative emotion-label words on emotion word recognition was found in both behavioral and ERP results, suggesting that modulation of emotion word type on emotion word processing could be observed even in the masked priming paradigm. The two experiments further supported the necessity of defining emotion words under an emotion word type perspective. The implications of the findings are proffered. Specifically, a clear understanding of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words can improve the effectiveness of emotional communications in clinical settings. Theoretically, the emotion word type perspective awaits further explorations and is still at its infancy.

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LU, Yong, Wei-Na ZHANG, and De-Li SHEN. "Subliminal Affective Priming Effect by Faces With Different Valence: An ERP Study." Acta Psychologica Sinica 42, no. 9 (September 26, 2010): 929–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2010.00929.

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Lu, Yong, Wei-Na Zhang, Wei Hu, and Yue-Jia Luo. "Understanding the subliminal affective priming effect of facial stimuli: an ERP study." Neuroscience Letters 502, no. 3 (September 2011): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2011.07.040.

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Wang, Yanmei, Jie Chen, and Yixuan Ku. "Subliminal affective priming effect: Dissociated processes for intense versus normal facial expressions." Brain and Cognition 148 (March 2021): 105674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105674.

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Fukawa, Nobuyuki. "Priming Effects on Affective Preference for Healthy Products Over Unhealthy Products Upon Brand Exposure." Social Marketing Quarterly 22, no. 1 (December 9, 2015): 34–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500415620154.

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Social marketing is often used to guide and develop interventions designed to promote healthy eating. This study investigates the potential use of priming by social marketers to intervene in marketers’ promotional efforts (brand exposure) and enhance affective preference toward healthy products over unhealthy products. More specifically, we study whether (1) consumers’ need-for-cognition (NFC) and cognitive load moderate and whether (2) familiarity response time and familiarity mediate the effect of primes on affective preference. Our study shows the expected effect of primes on affective preference among high (low) NFC consumers under high (low) cognitive load. Among high NFC consumers under high cognitive load, the familiarity response time mediated the effect of primes on affective preference. We discuss theoretical and managerial implications as well as directions for future research.

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Wentura, Dirk, and Jochen Brandtstädter. "Age Stereotypes in Younger and Older Women: Analyses of Accommodative Shifts with a Sentence-Priming Task." Experimental Psychology 50, no. 1 (January 2003): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1618-3169.50.1.16.

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A sentence-priming technique was used to examine whether older women (N = 39) share a more positive view of aging than younger women (N = 35). Situationally specified statements about older and younger persons were presented, followed either by a semantically related word, an unrelated word of the same valence, or a nonword. The accessibility of target words was measured by reaction times in a lexical decision task. Whereas a semantic priming effect for negatively connoted materials emerged for both groups, a priming effect for positively connoted materials was found for older women only. Furthermore, an affective priming effect was found for the older group, i.e., older women tended to respond relatively faster (slower) to semantically unrelated positive (negative) words following a sentence about an older person. The results are discussed within a coping-theoretical framework.

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Ponsi, Giorgia, Maria Serena Panasiti, Giulia Rizza, and Salvatore Maria Aglioti. "Thermal facial reactivity patterns predict social categorization bias triggered by unconscious and conscious emotional stimuli." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1861 (August 30, 2017): 20170908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0908.

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Members of highly social species decode, interpret, and react to the emotion of a conspecific depending on whether the other belongs to the same (ingroup) or different (outgroup) social group. While studies indicate that consciously perceived emotional stimuli drive social categorization, information about how implicit emotional stimuli and specific physiological signatures affect social categorization is lacking. We addressed this issue by exploring whether subliminal and supraliminal affective priming can influence the categorization of neutral faces as ingroup versus outgroup. Functional infrared thermal imaging was used to investigate whether the effect of affective priming on the categorization decision was moderated by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). During the subliminal condition, we found that stronger SNS activation after positive or negative affective primes induced ingroup and outgroup face categorization, respectively. The exact opposite pattern (i.e. outgroup after positive and ingroup after negative primes) was observed in the supraliminal condition. We also found that misattribution effects were stronger in people with low emotional awareness, suggesting that this trait moderates how one recognizes SNS signals and employs them for unrelated decisions. Our results allow the remarkable implication that low-level affective reactions coupled with sympathetic activation may bias social categorization.

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Avero, Pedro, and Manuel G. Calvo. "Affective Priming with Pictures of Emotional Scenes: The Role of Perceptual Similarity and Category Relatedness." Spanish Journal of Psychology 9, no. 1 (May 2006): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600005928.

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Prime pictures portraying pleasant or unpleasant scenes were briefly presented (150-ms display; SOAs of 300 or 800 ms), followed by probe pictures either congruent or incongruent in emotional valence. In an evaluative decision task, participants responded whether the probe was emotionally positive or negative. Affective priming was reflected in shorter response latencies for congruent than for incongruent prime-probe pairs. Although this effect was enhanced by perceptual similarity between the prime and the probe, it also occurred for probes that were physically different, and the effect generalized across semantic categories (animals vs. people). It is concluded that affective priming is a genuine phenomenon, in that it occurs as a function of stimulus emotional content, in the absence of both perceptual similarity and semantic category relatedness between the prime and the probe.

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Kao, Chieh, and Yang Zhang. "Differential Neurobehavioral Effects of Cross-Modal Selective Priming on Phonetic and Emotional Prosodic Information in Late Second Language Learners." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 8 (August 10, 2020): 2508–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00329.

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Purpose Spoken language is inherently multimodal and multidimensional in natural settings, but very little is known about how second language (L2) learners undertake multilayered speech signals with both phonetic and affective cues. This study investigated how late L2 learners undertake parallel processing of linguistic and affective information in the speech signal at behavioral and neurophysiological levels. Method Behavioral and event-related potential measures were taken in a selective cross-modal priming paradigm to examine how late L2 learners ( N = 24, M age = 25.54 years) assessed the congruency of phonetic (target vowel: /a/ or /i/) and emotional (target affect: happy or angry) information between the visual primes of facial pictures and the auditory targets of spoken syllables. Results Behavioral accuracy data showed a significant congruency effect in affective (but not phonetic) priming. Unlike a previous report on monolingual first language (L1) users, the L2 users showed no facilitation in reaction time for congruency detection in either selective priming task. The neurophysiological results revealed a robust N400 response that was stronger in the phonetic condition but without clear lateralization and that the N400 effect was weaker in late L2 listeners than in monolingual L1 listeners. Following the N400, late L2 learners showed a weaker late positive response than the monolingual L1 users, particularly in the left central to posterior electrode regions. Conclusions The results demonstrate distinct patterns of behavioral and neural processing of phonetic and affective information in L2 speech with reduced neural representations in both the N400 and the later processing stage, and they provide an impetus for further research on similarities and differences in L1 and L2 multisensory speech perception in bilingualism.

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Steinbeis, Nikolaus, and Stefan Koelsch. "Affective Priming Effects of Musical Sounds on the Processing of Word Meaning." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 3 (March 2011): 604–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21383.

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Recent studies have shown that music is capable of conveying semantically meaningful concepts. Several questions have subsequently arisen particularly with regard to the precise mechanisms underlying the communication of musical meaning as well as the role of specific musical features. The present article reports three studies investigating the role of affect expressed by various musical features in priming subsequent word processing at the semantic level. By means of an affective priming paradigm, it was shown that both musically trained and untrained participants evaluated emotional words congruous to the affect expressed by a preceding chord faster than words incongruous to the preceding chord. This behavioral effect was accompanied by an N400, an ERP typically linked with semantic processing, which was specifically modulated by the (mis)match between the prime and the target. This finding was shown for the musical parameter of consonance/dissonance (Experiment 1) and then extended to mode (major/minor) (Experiment 2) and timbre (Experiment 3). Seeing that the N400 is taken to reflect the processing of meaning, the present findings suggest that the emotional expression of single musical features is understood by listeners as such and is probably processed on a level akin to other affective communications (i.e., prosody or vocalizations) because it interferes with subsequent semantic processing. There were no group differences, suggesting that musical expertise does not have an influence on the processing of emotional expression in music and its semantic connotations.

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Jiang, Siyu, Ming Peng, and Xiaohui Wang. "Different influences of moral violation with and without physical impurity on face processing: An event-related potentials study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): e0243929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243929.

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It has been widely accepted that moral violations that involve impurity (such as spitting in public) induce the emotion of disgust, but there has been a debate about whether moral violations that do not involve impurity (such as swearing in public) also induce the same emotion. The answer to this question may have implication for understanding where morality comes from and how people make moral judgments. This study aimed to compared the neural mechanisms underlying two kinds of moral violation by using an affective priming task to test the effect of sentences depicting moral violation behaviors with and without physical impurity on subsequent detection of disgusted faces in a visual search task. After reading each sentence, participants completed the face search task. Behavioral and electrophysiological (event-related potential, or ERP) indices of affective priming (P2, N400, LPP) and attention allocation (N2pc) were analyzed. Results of behavioral data and ERP data showed that moral violations both with and without impurity promoted the detection of disgusted faces (RT, N2pc); moral violations without impurity impeded the detection of neutral faces (N400). No priming effect was found on P2 and LPP. The results suggest both types of moral violation influenced the processing of disgusted faces and neutral faces, but the neural activity with temporal characteristics was different.

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Sánchez, Martha Patricia, Arturo De la Garza González, and María Isolde Hedlefs. "Implicit measures of environmental attitudes: a comparative study." International Journal of Psychological Research 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.2099.

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The present investigation aims to inquire about the capacity of three implicit instruments to measure the attitude toward natural and urban environments. One hundred and three students from a Mexican public university participated in the investigation. The implicit instruments used were the affective priming technique, the implicit association test, and the affect misattribution procedure. Further, an explicit scale was used for comparison. The results showed that all instruments converge in the same way; the nature images were viewed as more pleasant compared to the city images. Also, most results indicated good effect size values, observed power, and reliability, with the exception of the affective priming technique, which established low values. In addition, all instruments indicated weak correlations between each other. The results were discussed in terms of the capacity of the instruments to measure environmental attitudes, and also possible theoretical and methodological implications.

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Fantoni, Carlo, Sara Rigutti, and Walter Gerbino. "Bodily action penetrates affective perception." PeerJ 4 (February 15, 2016): e1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1677.

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Fantoni & Gerbino (2014) showed that subtle postural shifts associated with reaching can have a strong hedonic impact and affect how actors experience facial expressions of emotion. Using a novel Motor Action Mood Induction Procedure (MAMIP), they found consistent congruency effects in participants who performed a facial emotionidentificationtask after a sequence of visually-guided reaches: a face perceived as neutral in a baseline condition appeared slightly happy after comfortable actions and slightly angry after uncomfortable actions. However, skeptics about the penetrability of perception (Zeimbekis & Raftopoulos, 2015) would consider such evidence insufficient to demonstrate that observer’s internal states induced by action comfort/discomfort affect perception in a top-down fashion. The action-modulated mood might have produced a back-end memory effect capable of affecting post-perceptual and decision processing, but not front-end perception.Here, we present evidence that performing a facial emotiondetection(not identification) task after MAMIP exhibits systematic mood-congruentsensitivitychanges, rather than responsebiaschanges attributable to cognitive set shifts; i.e., we show that observer’s internal states induced by bodily action can modulate affective perception. The detection threshold forhappinesswas lower after fifty comfortable than uncomfortable reaches; while the detection threshold forangerwas lower after fifty uncomfortable than comfortable reaches. Action valence induced an overall sensitivity improvement in detecting subtle variations of congruent facial expressions (happiness afterpositivecomfortable actions, anger afternegativeuncomfortable actions), in the absence of significant response bias shifts. Notably, both comfortable and uncomfortable reaches impact sensitivity in an approximately symmetric way relative to a baseline inaction condition. All of these constitute compelling evidence of a genuine top-down effect on perception: specifically, facial expressions of emotion arepenetrableby action-induced mood. Affective priming by action valence is a candidate mechanism for the influence of observer’s internal states on properties experienced as phenomenally objective and yet loaded with meaning.

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Ramos-Nuñez, Pilar, Laura Schaeffer, and Richard Catrambone. "Problem Solving with Color: Color’s Effect on Affect and Problem Solving with Subgoal Labels." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 1166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621268.

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For some students, particular concepts are difficult to understand (Berch & Mazzocco, 2007). Catrambone (1998) identified subgoal labeling as a catalyst for remedying barriers to understanding complex concepts. This study builds on Margulieux and Catrambone’s (2016) research, which examined the effects of subgoal labeling on computer-programming tasks by investigating how performance is impacted by color priming for affective states. Materials used were displayed with red, blue, and green backgrounds as primers. Two control groups with black and no-color backgrounds were used for comparison. The results suggest that color priming did not significantly enhance or inhibit performance. However, there was evidence to suggest that green may be a reliable primer for affect and mood, but not enough to suggest that it be used more than other colors (as evidenced by significant results for the control group). More research should be conducted to examine potential contributing factors for the trends found in this study.

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Abelin, Åsa. "Emotional Prosody in Interjections: A Case of Non-arbitrariness in Language." Public Journal of Semiotics 5, no. 1 (December 8, 2013): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37693/pjos.2013.5.9648.

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Emotional prosody shows a connection between meaning and expression, and constitutes a special case of non-arbitrariness in language. Emotional interjections are learned at an early age, and also have a biological basis for their expression. It is therefore possible that emotional prosody of interjections is part of the phonological and semantic representation in the mental lexicon, and hence can be expected to influence visual lexical decisions. If confirmed, this would have some bearing on the debate concerning the relations between ‘linguistic’ and ‘affective’ prosody. A priming experiment was performed on Swedish interjections with two emotional meanings: HAPPINESS (positive words) and DISGUST (negative words). The main question was whether emotional prosody primes written interjections with emotional content, through cross-modal priming, and the chosen method was to elicit lexical decisions in a cross-modal priming task and in isolation. The results show that there was an effect of priming, and that the effect was significantly greater for HAPPINESS words (and HAPPINESS prosody) than for DISGUST words (and DISGUST prosody). For individual words, there was a positive correlation between a high priming effect for the corresponding emotion and the degree of correct interpretations of emotional primes. Furthermore, there was a tendency for high-frequency words to be primed more than low-frequency words, when the emotion of the prosody was matched. There was no such effect for high-frequency words when the emotion of the prosody was mismatched. There was also a tendency to a negative correlation between degree of correct interpretations of emotional primes and high priming effect, when the prosody was mismatched. We interpret these results to mean that it is problematic to regard emotional prosody as non-linguistic and disconnected from the lexicon, since there was a gradual connection between spoken emotional prosody, written emotional interjections, and lexical frequency of interjections.

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Jończyk, Rafał, Inga Korolczuk, Evangelia Balatsou, and Guillaume Thierry. "Keep calm and carry on: electrophysiological evaluation of emotional anticipation in the second language." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 14, no. 8 (August 2019): 885–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz066.

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Abstract Investigations of the so-called ‘foreign language effect’ have shown that emotional experience is language-dependent in bilingual individuals. Response to negative experiences, in particular, appears attenuated in the second language (L2). However, the human brain is not only reactive, but it also builds on past experiences to anticipate future events. Here, we investigated affective anticipation in immersed Polish–English bilinguals using a priming paradigm in which a verbal cue of controlled affective valence allowed making predictions about a subsequent picture target. As expected, native word cues with a negative valence increased the amplitude of the stimulus preceding negativity, an electrophysiological marker of affective anticipation, as compared with neutral ones. This effect was observed in Polish–English bilinguals and English monolinguals alike. The contrast was non-significant when Polish participants were tested in English, suggesting a possible reduction in affective sensitivity in L2. However, this reduction was not validated by a critical language × valence interaction in the bilingual group, possibly because they were highly fluent in English and because the affective stimuli used in the present study were particularly mild. These results, which are neither fully consistent nor inconsistent with the foreign language effect, provide initial insights into the electrophysiology of affective anticipation in bilingualism.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Affective priming effect'

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