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Journal articles on the topic 'Affiliative behaviour'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Waller, Rebecca, Christopher J. Trentacosta, Daniel S. Shaw, et al. "Heritable temperament pathways to early callous–unemotional behaviour." British Journal of Psychiatry 209, no. 6 (2016): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.181503.

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BackgroundEarly callous–unemotional behaviours identify children at risk for antisocial behaviour. Recent work suggests that the high heritability of callous–unemotional behaviours is qualified by interactions with positive parenting.AimsTo examine whether heritable temperament dimensions of fearlessness and low affiliative behaviour are associated with early callous–unemotional behaviours and whether parenting moderates these associations.MethodUsing an adoption sample (n=561), we examined pathways from biological mother self-reported fearlessness and affiliative behaviour to child callous–un

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Fischer, Eva K., Jessica P. Nowicki, and Lauren A. O'Connell. "Evolution of affiliation: patterns of convergence from genomes to behaviour." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1777 (2019): 20180242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0242.

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Affiliative behaviours have evolved many times across animals. Research on the mechanisms underlying affiliative behaviour demonstrates remarkable convergence across species spanning wide evolutionary distances. Shared mechanisms have been identified with genomic approaches analysing genetic variants and gene expression differences as well as neuroendocrine and molecular approaches exploring the role of hormones and signalling molecules. We review the genomic and neural basis of pair bonding and parental care across diverse taxa to shed light on mechanistic patterns that underpin the convergen

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Bakar, Kesumawati A. "Courtship Initiation Behaviour in Online Personals." Asian Social Science 12, no. 7 (2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n7p17.

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A personal advertisement has two aims; to promote its author and to attract potential love interest. In addition to providing textual information about physical appearance, occupation and interests, accompanying images in personal ads create meanings that are instrumental in building imaginary relations between the advertiser and the readers. This paper explores the notions of body language and interpersonal attitude and courtship initiation behaviour in online personal ads. Using Kress &amp; van Leeuwen’s Grammar of Visual Design (2006) and Mehrabian’s dominant and affiliative dimensions

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Janczarek, Iwona, Marcjanna Wiśniewska, Izabela Wilk, Marta Liss, Elżbieta Wnuk-Pawlak, and Marta Dybczyńska. "Assessment of affiliative behaviour in mares." Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 15, no. 2 (2019): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5068.

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The first aim of study was to assess the feelings of friendship and companionship among mares released into a paddock in different combinations by analysing the duration of behaviours occurring there as well as changes in heart rhythm. The second aim of the study was to develop a procedure for creating different herd configurations based on the individual affiliative needs of horses, expressed as a score. The study was conducted on 12 one-year-old Thoroughbred mares. It was carried out on three consecutive days during the horses’ 30-minute stay in the paddock. On the first day, all mares were

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Overduin-de Vries, Anne M., Han de Vries, Marjolijn M. Vermande, Albert H. A. Reijntjes, and Elisabeth H. M. Sterck. "Both aggressive and affiliative behaviour facilitate resource access in high-ranking female long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)." Behaviour 157, no. 3-4 (2020): 267–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10001.

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Abstract Access to limited resources may be achieved by dominance as well as by high rates of aggressive and affiliative behaviour. We investigated the relative effectiveness of dominance rank and aggressive and affiliative behaviour in accessing three material and three social resources. Aggressive and affiliative behaviour of 24 female long-tailed macaques was scored along with their success in resource access. Path models revealed that high-ranking individuals have more access to resources than low-ranking ones through their employment of both aggressive and affiliative behaviour. Physical

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Martin, J. S., N. Staes, A. Weiss, J. M. G. Stevens, and A. V. Jaeggi. "Facial width-to-height ratio is associated with agonistic and affiliative dominance in bonobos ( Pan paniscus )." Biology Letters 15, no. 8 (2019): 20190232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0232.

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Facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is associated with social dominance in human and non-human primates, which may reflect the effects of testosterone on facial morphology and behaviour. Given that testosterone facilitates status-seeking motivation, the association between fWHR and behaviour should be contingent on the relative costs and benefits of particular dominance strategies across species and socioecological contexts. We tested this hypothesis in bonobos ( Pan paniscus ), who exhibit female dominance and rely on both affiliation and aggression to achieve status. We measured fWHR from fa

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Kaźmierczak, Sandra, Aleksandra Cwojdzińska, and Marcin T. Górecki. "Behaviour of domestic rabbits during 2 weeks after weaning." Archives Animal Breeding 62, no. 1 (2019): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-49-2019.

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Abstract. Thirty three rabbits from five litters that were weaned at the age of 5 weeks were observed. The animals were kept in pens that were enriched with an elevation made of bricks. In total, 150 h of observations made at feeding time (07:30–10:00 and 18:00–20:30 LT, local time) were analysed. A number of affiliative, exploratory, comfort, eating, resting and locomotor behaviours were observed. Agonistic behaviour was not observed. Rabbits showed companion and location preferences: 56 % of animals had a preferred companion, and 84 % preferred a particular place in the pen. Significant effe

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Graham, Courtney, Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk, and Becca Franks. "Free-choice exploration increases affiliative behaviour in zebrafish." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 203 (June 2018): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2018.02.005.

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9

Radford, Andrew N. "Preparing for battle? Potential intergroup conflict promotes current intragroup affiliation." Biology Letters 7, no. 1 (2010): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0507.

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Groups of human soldiers increase their affiliative behaviour when moving into combat zones. Despite numerous other species also competing as groups, little is known about how potential intergroup conflict might influence current intragroup affiliative behaviour in non-human animals. Here, I show that allopreening (when one individual preens another) increases in groups of cooperatively breeding green woodhoopoes ( Phoeniculus purpureus ) when they enter areas where conflicts with neighbours are more likely. Self-preening, which is an indicator of stress in other species, did not increase in c

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Hill, David A. "Affiliative Behaviour Between Adult Males of the Genus Macaca." Behaviour 130, no. 3-4 (1994): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853994x00578.

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Abstract1. Relations between sexually mature males in multi-male groups of macaques have been characterised as largely antagonistic, with bonnet macaques being the only frequently cited exception. A survey of the literature indicated that affiliative behaviour between males is more widespread than has been supposed. 2. Factors were examined which may influence the nature of relations between adult males. In all macaque species for which there are adequate data, males commonly move between groups, making it unlikely that kinship between adult males is an important factor in natural groups. 3. A

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Wascher, Claudia A. F. "Individual performance in socio-cognitive tasks predicts social behaviour in carrion crows." Behaviour 152, no. 5 (2015): 615–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003245.

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The social intelligence hypothesis links the evolution of exceptional cognitive skills to the requirements of complex social systems. Empirical evidence of a connection between cognitive skills and social behaviour on an individual level is lacking. I investigated how cognitive performance in carrion crows correlates with social behaviour. Social behaviour was observed and crows were tested in four tasks previously published elsewhere: qualitative exchange, quantity preference, inequity aversion, heterospecific recognition. I describe correlations between an individuals’ involvement in affilia

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Odendaal, J. S. J., and R. A. Meintjes. "Neurophysiological Correlates of Affiliative Behaviour between Humans and Dogs." Veterinary Journal 165, no. 3 (2003): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-0233(02)00237-x.

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Bora, Emre, Murat Yucel, and Nicholas B. Allen. "Neurobiology of human affiliative behaviour: implications for psychiatric disorders." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 22, no. 3 (2009): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/yco.0b013e328329e970.

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Tse, Wai, and Alyson Bond. "Serotonergic intervention affects both social dominance and affiliative behaviour." Psychopharmacology 161, no. 3 (2002): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-002-1049-7.

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Vranjes, Jelena, Hanneke Bot, Kurt Feyaerts, and Geert Brône. "Affiliation in interpreter-mediated therapeutic talk." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 21, no. 2 (2019): 220–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.00028.vra.

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Abstract The aim of this article is to explore how affiliation (Stivers 2008) with the patient is displayed and interactionally achieved in the context of an interpreter-mediated therapeutic dialogue. More specifically, we focus on the interplay between affiliative listener responses – especially head nods – and gaze in this setting. Interpreter-mediated therapeutic talk is not only a setting that has received very little systematic scrutiny in the literature, but it is also particularly interesting for the study of listener responses. Drawing on the insights from Conversation Analysis, a natu

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Valença-Silva, G., FG Maciel, RL Zaganini, AS Lucindo, S. Caramaschi, and HMG de Paula. "Reporting social behaviours of mixed-species troops formed by Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata (Primate, Callitrichidae)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 74, no. 3 (2014): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/bjb.2014.0091.

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In New World primates, mixed-species troops have been reported. Here, we analysed the performance of affiliative and agonistic behaviours of Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata living in mixed groups. For this purpose, we recorded the interaction of the individuals from two groups located in Bauru city, in the state of São Paulo (Brazil). Our data show that in both groups, affiliative behaviours appeared more frequently than agonistic ones. We concluded that there is cohesion inside the mixed-species troops observed. We suggest that a deeper knowledge about the social behaviour of mi

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Radford, Andrew N. "Duration and outcome of intergroup conflict influences intragroup affiliative behaviour." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 275, no. 1653 (2008): 2787–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0787.

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Theoreticians have long suggested that the amount of intergroup conflict in which a group is involved could influence the level of cooperation or affiliation displayed by its members. Despite the prevalence of intergroup conflicts in many social animal species, however, few empirical studies have investigated this potential link. Here, I show that intragroup allopreening rates are highest in green woodhoopoe ( Phoeniculus purpureus ) groups that have the greatest involvement in intergroup conflict. One reason for this relationship is a post-conflict increase in allopreening, and I demonstrate

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Aureli, Filippo, and Teresa Romero. "Spatial association and social behaviour in zoo-living female ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua)." Behaviour 144, no. 2 (2007): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907779947355.

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AbstractMost carnivore species are solitary and tend not to associate either with members of the same sex or with the opposite sex. In contrast, coati adult females and juveniles live in stable groups, called 'bands'. Coatis display complex cooperative behaviours, and their bands resemble primate female-bonded societies in various features. In this study we examined spatial association patterns among zoo-living ring-tailed coatis and related it to the patterns of affiliative and aggressive interactions. We found that coati females did not associate or interact with one another randomly. A clus

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Harding, Lee E. "Unusual affiliative behaviour in orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) - Sabah, Malaysia." Taprobanica 3, no. 2 (2011): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v3i2.57.

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Lancaster, Peter, Tim S. Jessop, and Devi Stuart-Fox. "Testing the independent effects of population and shelter density on behavioural and corticosterone responses of tree skinks." Australian Journal of Zoology 58, no. 5 (2010): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo10056.

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In animals, social organisation and behaviour can respond to variation in key ecological factors including population and resource density. As these two factors covary, their relative importance is difficult to estimate using field studies. Consequently, we conducted two manipulative experiments varying levels of either population or shelter density to separate their effects on solitary, affiliative and agonistic behaviour and physiology in the social tree skink, Egernia striolata. We used focal observations and plasma concentrations of the hormone corticosterone to measure behavioural and phy

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Berthier, Juliette M., and Stuart Semple. "Observing grooming promotes affiliation in Barbary macaques." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1893 (2018): 20181964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1964.

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Observing friendly social interactions makes people feel good and, as a result, then act in an affiliative way towards others. Positive visual contagion of this kind is common in humans, but whether it occurs in non-human animals is unknown. We explored the impact on female Barbary macaques of observing grooming, a behaviour that physiological and behavioural studies indicate has a relaxing effect on the animals involved. We compared females' behaviour between two conditions: after observing conspecifics groom, and in a matched control period. We found that observing grooming was associated wi

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Trisko, Rebecca K., Aaron A. Sandel, and Barbara Smuts. "Affiliation, dominance and friendship among companion dogs." Behaviour 153, no. 6-7 (2016): 693–725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003352.

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Dog social behaviour has been well studied, but little is known about affiliative relationships between dogs. We report a yearlong study of dominance and affiliation in 24 dogs at a dog daycare facility and provide additional details on dog relationships through long-term observations of pairs of dogs who lived together in the same household or met frequently for years. Companion dogs formed highly differentiated relationships with one another. At daycare, some dyads affiliated and displayed one-way submission (formal dominance), others affiliated without a dominance relationship (egalitarian)

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Mauersberger, Heidi, Christophe Blaison, Konstantinos Kafetsios, Carolin–Louisa Kessler, and Ursula Hess. "Individual Differences in Emotional Mimicry: Underlying Traits and Social Consequences." European Journal of Personality 29, no. 5 (2015): 512–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2008.

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Mimicry, the imitation of the nonverbal behaviour of others, serves to establish affiliation and to smoothen social interactions. The present research aimed to disentangle rapid facial reactions (RFRs) to affiliative emotions from RFRs to nonaffiliative emotions from a trait perspective. In line with the Mimicry in Social Context Model by Hess and Fischer, we expected that only the former are mimicry responses indicative of underlying social relating competence and predictive of social satisfaction, whereas the latter superficially resemble mimicry responses and are driven by social relating i

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Arrazola, Aitor, and Katrina Merkies. "Effect of Human Attachment Style on Horse Behaviour and Physiology during Equine-Assisted Activities–A Pilot Study." Animals 10, no. 7 (2020): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071156.

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Equine-assisted activities (EAA) for human well-being and health rely on human–horse interactions for therapeutic effect. At-risk participants with mental and emotional difficulties can show poor social skills and functioning relationships, potentially leading to unsuccessful human–horse interaction in EAA. This study addresses the effect of the attachment style (AS) of at-risk adolescents on horse physiology and behaviour during an equine-facilitated learning (EFL) program. Thirty-three adolescents participated in a 10-week EFL program with nine therapy horses (the same therapy horse per adol

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Dezecache, Guillaume, Julie Grèzes, and Christoph D. Dahl. "The nature and distribution of affiliative behaviour during exposure to mild threat." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 8 (2017): 170265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170265.

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Individual reactions to danger in humans are often characterized as antisocial and self-preservative. Yet, more than 50 years of research have shown that humans often seek social partners and behave prosocially when confronted by danger. This research has relied on post hoc verbal reports, which fall short of capturing the more spontaneous reactions to danger and determine their social nature. Real-world responses to danger are difficult to observe, due to their evanescent nature. Here, we took advantage of a series of photographs freely accessible online and provided by a haunted house attrac

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Kroeger, Svenja B., Daniel T. Blumstein, and Julien G. A. Martin. "How social behaviour and life-history traits change with age and in the year prior to death in female yellow-bellied marmots." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1823 (2021): 20190745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0745.

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Studies in natural populations are essential to understand the evolutionary ecology of senescence and terminal allocation. While there are an increasing number of studies investigating late-life variation in different life-history traits of wild populations, little is known about these patterns in social behaviour. We used long-term individual based data on yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) to quantify how affiliative social behaviours and different life-history traits vary with age and in the last year of life, and how patterns compare between the two. We found that some social beh

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Cafazzo, Simona, Sarah Marshall-Pescini, Jennifer L. Essler, Zsófia Virányi, Kurt Kotrschal, and Friederike Range. "In wolves, play behaviour reflects the partners' affiliative and dominance relationship." Animal Behaviour 141 (July 2018): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.017.

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Berman, Carol M., and Ellen Kapsalis. "Models of Affiliative Relationships Among Free-Ranging Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta)." Behaviour 133, no. 15-16 (1996): 1235–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853996x00387.

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AbstractSeveral organizing principles based on maternal kinship and/or dominance relationships, have been proposed to explain the structure of female-female macaque affiliative relationships. Social interactions among adult rhesus females of one free-ranging social group on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico were observed for four consecutive years to determine the extent to which patterns of affiliative interaction met several predictions of three such hypothesized organizing principles: kin-based attractiveness, attraction-to-high-rank and the similarity principle. We employed a multiple regression

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Kulahci, Ipek G., Daniel I. Rubenstein, Thomas Bugnyar, William Hoppitt, Nace Mikus, and Christine Schwab. "Social networks predict selective observation and information spread in ravens." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 7 (2016): 160256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160256.

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Animals are predicted to selectively observe and learn from the conspecifics with whom they share social connections. Yet, hardly anything is known about the role of different connections in observation and learning. To address the relationships between social connections, observation and learning, we investigated transmission of information in two raven ( Corvus corax ) groups. First, we quantified social connections in each group by constructing networks on affiliative interactions, aggressive interactions and proximity. We then seeded novel information by training one group member on a nove

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Costa, Helena, Sara Fragoso, and Filipa Heitor. "The relevance of affiliative relationships in horses: review and future directions." Pet Behaviour Science, no. 8 (August 16, 2019): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/pbs.v0i8.11463.

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For many years, studies on horse social behaviour focused mainly on social organization, dominance and aggression. There are comparatively fewer studies on affiliative relationships among horses, despite their impact on the stability of social groups, reproductive success and welfare. We believe that it is important to gain a more complete understanding of this dimension of horse social behaviour and to identify areas of research which need to be addressed in more detail.This review summarizes the existing body of scientific knowledge on affiliative relationships among horses. Studies were con

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Vacaru, Stefania V., Johanna E. van Schaik, Erik de Water, and Sabine Hunnius. "Five-year-olds’ facial mimicry following social ostracism is modulated by attachment security." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0240680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240680.

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Social ostracism triggers an increase in affiliative behaviours. One such behaviour is the rapid copying of others’ facial expressions, called facial mimicry. Insofar, it remains unknown how individual differences in intrinsic affiliation motivation regulate responses to social ostracism during early development. We examined children’s facial mimicry following ostracism as modulated by individual differences in the affiliation motivation, expressed in their attachment tendencies. Resistant and avoidant tendencies are characterized by high and low affiliation motivation, and were hypothesized t

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Harding, Lee E. "Unusual affiliative behaviour in orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) - Sabah, Malaysia." TAPROBANICA: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity 3, no. 2 (2012): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tapro.v3i2.3970.

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Culbert, Brett M., Kathleen M. Gilmour, and Sigal Balshine. "Social buffering of stress in a group-living fish." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1910 (2019): 20191626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1626.

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Living in groups affords individuals many benefits, including the opportunity to reduce stress. In mammals, such ‘social buffering’ of stress is mediated by affiliative relationships and production of the neuropeptide oxytocin, but whether these mechanisms facilitate social buffering across vertebrates remains an open question. Therefore, we evaluated whether the social environment influenced the behavioural and physiological recovery from an acute stressor in a group-living cichlid, Neolamprologus pulcher . Individual fish that recovered with their social group displayed lower cortisol levels

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Gregory, Tremaine, and Marilyn A. Norconk. "Bearded saki socioecology: affiliative male–male interactions in large, free-ranging primate groups in Suriname." Behaviour 151, no. 4 (2014): 493–533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003138.

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Bearded sakis (Chiropotes spp.) are among the least known primates in the world, particularly with regard to their social organization. However, extremely large and variable group size and growing evidence for affiliative relationships among males, make them a fascinating subject for studies of male–male tolerance and the evolution of large groups. During a 13-month study of free ranging Guianan bearded sakis (Chiropotes sagulatus) in continuous forest in Suriname, we documented variation in group size seasonally and social behaviour, particularly among males. We found that group size was smal

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Porter, Elaine, David Anderson, and Elise Ferree. "Non-breeding Nazca Boobies (Sula Granti) Show Social and Sexual Interest in Chicks: Behavioural and Ecological Aspects." Behaviour 141, no. 8 (2004): 959–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539042360134.

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AbstractAdult Nazca boobies (Sula granti) show an unusual interest in both conspecific and congeneric nestlings, visiting them at their nest sites and performing mixtures of affiliative, aggressive, and sexual behaviours. Using a 20 year database from a large Nazca booby colony on Isla Española, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, we describe the behaviour and the individuals performing the behaviour. Non-parental Adult Visitors ('NAVs') are typically 'unemployed' (non-breeding birds or recently failed breeders), and make visits of 1-60 min to unguarded chicks. Males and females are equally likely to

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Bender, Nicole, Ian M. Hamilton, and Dik Heg. "Size differences within a dominance hierarchy influence conflict and help in a cooperatively breeding cichlid." Behaviour 142, no. 11-12 (2005): 1591–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853905774831846.

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AbstractIn size-structured groups, conflict over rank, resources or access to breeding opportunities is expected to be greatest among individuals that are similar in size. We tested this general prediction using the cooperatively breeding African cichlid, Neolamprologus pulcher. We predicted that, when size differences between group members were small, we would observe some or all of: increased aggression, increased submissive behaviour, increased help by subordinates or avoidance of dominants by subordinates. We created standardised groups each with a breeder male and female and a large and s

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van der Meij, Leander, Mercedes Almela, Abraham P. Buunk, Tim W. Fawcett, and Alicia Salvador. "Men with elevated testosterone levels show more affiliative behaviours during interactions with women." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1726 (2011): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0764.

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Testosterone (T) is thought to play a key role in male–male competition and courtship in many vertebrates, but its precise effects are unclear. We explored whether courtship behaviour in humans is modulated and preceded by changes in T. Pairs of healthy male students first competed in a non-physical contest in which their T levels became elevated. Each participant then had a short, informal interaction with either an unfamiliar man or woman. The sex of the stimulus person did not affect the participants' behaviour overall. However, in interactions with women, those men who had experienced a gr

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Dwyer, C. M., and A. B. Lawrence. "EFFECTS OF MATERNAL GENOTYPE AND BEHAVIOUR ON THE BEHAVIOURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR OFFSPRING IN SHEEP." Behaviour 137, no. 12 (2000): 1629–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900502754.

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AbstractSignificant breed differences in grazing, activity, social and other affiliative behaviours are known to exist in sheep. The roles of maternal and offspring genotype in determining the development of breed-specific behavioural differences in lambs were investigated using embryo-transfer. Two breeds of sheep (Suffolk and Scottish Blackface) were chosen as they differ markedly in social and affiliative behaviours. Sixty ewe-lamb pairs (15 each of the four combinations of ewe and lamb) were observed over the first 3 days after lambing, then when the lambs were aged between 2-5 months old

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Bonanni, Roberto, Simona Cafazzo, Paola Valsecchi, and Eugenia Natoli. "Effect of affiliative and agonistic relationships on leadership behaviour in free-ranging dogs." Animal Behaviour 79, no. 5 (2010): 981–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.02.021.

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Clegg, Isabella L. K., Heiko G. Rödel, and Fabienne Delfour. "Bottlenose dolphins engaging in more social affiliative behaviour judge ambiguous cues more optimistically." Behavioural Brain Research 322 (March 2017): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.026.

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Cafazzo, Simona, Roberto Bonanni, and Eugenia Natoli. "Neutering Effects on Social Behaviour of Urban Unowned Free-Roaming Domestic Cats." Animals 9, no. 12 (2019): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121105.

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The “trap, spay/neuter, and release” programs to manage unowned free-roaming cat populations are diffused worldwide and they are largely advised even in countries where the suppression of unowned cats is enforced by law. Despite the massive neutering campaigns in the world, there is little information on the influence of neutering on individual cat behaviour, as well as on the social structure of cat colonies. The aim of this study is to verify such effects. Before neutering, the group consisted of 17 free-roaming domestic cats, who were totally unrestrained. After neutering it consisted of 16

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Bradshaw, John W. S., and Suzanne L. Hall. "Affiliative behaviour of related and unrelated pairs of cats in catteries: a preliminary report." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 63, no. 3 (1999): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1591(99)00007-6.

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Harris, Stephen, and Piran C. L. White. "Is reduced affiliative rather than increased agonistic behaviour associated with dispersal in red foxes?" Animal Behaviour 44, no. 6 (1992): 1085–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80320-3.

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Doba, Karyn, Laurent Pezard, Guillaume Berna, Jean Vignau, and Jean-Louis Nandrino. "Affiliative Behaviour and Conflictual Communication during Brief Family Therapy of Patients with Anorexia Nervosa." PLoS ONE 8, no. 8 (2013): e70389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070389.

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Hill, David A. "Social relationships between adult male and female rhesus macaques: II. non-sexual affiliative behaviour." Primates 31, no. 1 (1990): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02381028.

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Reddon, Adam R., Constance M. O'Connor, Susan E. Marsh-Rollo, Sigal Balshine, Magdalena Gozdowska, and Ewa Kulczykowska. "Brain nonapeptide levels are related to social status and affiliative behaviour in a cooperatively breeding cichlid fish." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 2 (2015): 140072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140072.

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The mammalian nonapeptide hormones, vasopressin and oxytocin, are known to be potent regulators of social behaviour. Teleost fishes possess vasopressin and oxytocin homologues known as arginine vasotocin (AVT) and isotocin (IT), respectively. The role of these homologous nonapeptides in mediating social behaviour in fishes has received far less attention. The extraordinarily large number of teleost fish species and the impressive diversity of their social systems provide us with a rich test bed for investigating the role of nonapeptides in regulating social behaviour. Existing studies, mostly

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Katsu, Noriko, Kazunori Yamada, and Masayuki Nakamichi. "Function of grunts, girneys and coo calls of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in relation to call usage, age and dominance relationships." Behaviour 153, no. 2 (2016): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003330.

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We investigated how the context of the production of vocalizations used in social interactions among Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) affects their outcome. We focused on a variety of soft vocalizations, including three acoustically distinct call types: grunts, girneys, and coo calls. We predicted that call outcomes would be influenced by call combinations and exchanges, and by the relationship between the caller and the recipient. We observed social interactions among female Japanese macaques, and found that individuals were less likely to initiate agonistic behaviour when they emitted call

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Hoss, Shannon K., Douglas H. Deutschman, Warren Booth, and Rulon W. Clark. "Post-birth separation affects the affiliative behaviour of kin in a pitviper with maternal attendance." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 116, no. 3 (2015): 637–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bij.12604.

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Ljungberg, Tomas, Karolina Westlund, and Anna Johanna Lindqvist Forsberg. "Conflict resolution in 5-year-old boys: does postconflict affiliative behaviour have a reconciliatory role?" Animal Behaviour 58, no. 5 (1999): 1007–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1236.

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Wenker, Margret L., Cornelis G. van Reenen, Daiana de Oliveira, Kirste McCrea, Cynthia M. Verwer, and Eddie A. M. Bokkers. "Calf-directed affiliative behaviour of dairy cows in two types of cow-calf contact systems." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 243 (October 2021): 105461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105461.

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