Dissertations / Theses: 'Affordans'

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Nyman, Anna. "Lekflöde i Varbergaskogen : Affordans som synsätt vid formgivning av en naturslinga för barn." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-13415.

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Drawing on earlier research, and using observations as the method, this study presents a design of a nature playscape for children. Applying outdoor pedagogy to the fundamental structure of a specific location, the study proposes a design of a playscape, over a more obvious design, for instance one based around a quiz walk.The theoretical framework is Gibson’s theory of affordance, and the goal has been to create a "play flow". The study concludes that spatial rhetorics can be an important tool when teaching children about nature.
Med tidigare forskning som underlag och observationer som metod har mina studier resulterat i gestaltningen av en naturslinga för barn. Genom en diskussion om utomhuspedagogikens kärna och platsens grundläggande struktur har arbetet lett till designen av ett leklandskap, istället för frågor eller stationer placerade längs en stig. Som teoretiskt ramverk för gestaltningen har Gibsons teori om affordans använts. Genom en medveten design av landskapets terräng har målsättningen varit att skapa ett lekflöde på platsen. Detta för att visa hur rummet kan ha betydelse för lärandet om naturen.

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Hessle, Adam. "Skjut, Vrid, Lyssna : En studie om affordans och agens vid arbete med skjut- respektive vridreglage i en mjukvaruequalizer." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Ljud- och musikproduktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34344.

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Studien ligger inom ämnesområdet Audiovisuella studier och bygger på en undersökning av vrid- och skjutreglage i en mjukvaru-equalizer. Syftet med studien är att utforska användarens upplevelse och vad reglagen erbjuder användaren i form av affordance och agency. Undersökningen bygger på en equalizer med två utformade gränssnitt för skjutreglage respektive vridreglage som i sin tur presenterades för en utvald deltagargrupp i ett användartest, följt av semi-strukturerade intervjuer med varje deltagare under och efter utfört användartest. Studien visar att vridreglagen erbjuder en högre grad precision för användaren och att den horisontella utplaceringen av reglagen ansågs hjälpa lyssningen. Resultaten talade för att den horisontella utplaceringen möjliggör att användaren uppfattar gränssnittet trots avsaknad av visuell information.

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Rosenblad, Johanna. "’Den nya skogen’ : Hur transmodal design kan användas som verktyg i en audiovisuell produktionsprocess." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Ljud- och musikproduktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34343.

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Denna studie undersöker hur processen för transmodalitet kan fungera som designverktyg, genom att undersöka multimodal omvandling av en audiovisuell gestaltning i relation till dess budskap. Detta för att öka förståelsen för hur processen för transmodal design kan användas som verktyg för design av budskap i audiovisuella gestaltningar. Vilket i sin tur kan bidra med kunskap och utveckling av processen för audiovisuellt meningsskapande, med transmodal design som produktionsverktyg. Syftet med denna uppsats är alltså att bidra med kunskap om olika gestaltningsformers kommunikativa potential, genom transmodal design som produktionsverktyg i gestaltningen ’Den nya skogen’. Detta undersöks med en forskning genom designmetodik bestående av en kombination av metoder; fokusgruppintervjuer samt iterativ och kollaborativ design. Fokusgruppen har agerat medkreatörer i en iterativ designprocess för gestaltningen, vilket har genererat tre olika versioner som använder olika gestaltningsformer för att förmedla ett budskap. Fokusgruppen har bland annat diskuterat gestaltningsformernas lämplighet i relation till budskapet, samt alternativa former för att förmedla samma budskap. Studien har fokuserat på tre teman i fokusgruppens insats; associationer/känslor, tolkning av budskap samt gestaltningsformernas kommunikativa potential och begränsningar.

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Ottosson, Nathalie, and Malin Karlsson. "Flerspråkiga elevers möjligheter till språkanvändning i svenskundervisning. : Observationer i klassrumsmiljö." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60297.

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This study proceeds from socio-cultural theory concerning the association between language development and participation in linguistic interaction, the concept of affordance, and certain methods and concepts from the ethnography of communication. Six multilingual pupils in grade 3 have been observed during four Swedish lessons. The aim of th0e study is to investigate multilingual pupils’ opportunities for linguistic activities through participation in verbal interaction during Swedish classes. The questions asked by the study concern the extent and nature of the linguistic interaction in which the observed pupils participated. The observations have been supplemented with interviews with two of the pupils’ class teachers. The result shows that the pupils’ participation in different verbal activities varies greatly, which means that they must have different opportunities for linguistic development. The concluding discussion points out the importance of teachers’ planning so that multilingual pupils will be given an opportunity for verbal interaction with classmates and teachers.

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Bjarme, Emil. "AFFORDANSER I TRÄ- OCH METALLSLÖJDSSALEN : - upphov till "oönskade" elevhandlingar?" Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Teacher Education (LUT), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4274.

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I detta examensarbete har jag undersökt elevers beteenden och handlingar i en trä- och metallslöjdssal i en 6-9 skola utifrån James J. Gibsons affordansteori, The theory of affordances, vilken inriktar sig på de handlingserbjudanden - affordanser - en viss miljö erbjuder individen. Studien har grundats på antagandet att trä- och metallslöjdssalen är en miljö vars särpräglade karaktär, full av virke, verktyg, maskiner och slöjdföremål, har en särskilt stark inverkan på eleverna och i detta tenderar att inbjuda till handlingar som kan resultera i konflikter vilka kan utgöra säkerhetsrisker. Syftet har därmed varit att försöka identifiera och analysera för slöjdsalen typiska handlingar, som ur ett lärar- och säkerhetsperspektiv kan betraktas som oönskade. Jag har huvudsakligen tagit stöd i forskning kring miljöpsykologi med inriktning mot lärandemiljöer, samt forskning kring skolans slöjdverksamhet. Metoden för insamling av empiriskt material har varit en kombination av direkt observation och observation med videokamera. Min slutsats är att många av de handlingar som direkt kan relateras till slöjdsalen bör ses i ett större perspektiv där de är delar i beteenden som är allmäna i alla skolans miljöer. Beteenden som härstammar ur interaktioner och kommunikation mellan elever som kan antas vara tämligen normal för åldern, oavsett miljö. Genom att analysera handlingarna har nyanser och aspekter framträtt som antyder att det sannolikt finns goda skäl att som lärare omvärdera sina åsikter och reflektera över sina förutfattade meningar om vad som är acceptabelt och inte, avseende elevers beteenden. Det har åtminstone jag gjort.

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Granholm, Martina. "Materialitetens roller och förutsättningar i kommunal krisledning." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-35257.

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Arbetet med denna licentiatavhandling har skett inom ramarna för det Interregionalt finansierade projektet Gränslös samverkan för ökad säkerhet 2. Syftet med avhandlingen har varit att fördjupa kunskapen om kommunal krisledning genom att också inkludera materialitetens medverkan i krisledningen och vilka förutsättningarna är för att de ska brukas. Med perspektivet av hur analoga och digitala resurser används under krisledning och vilka förutsättningar som finns för att detta ska göras skapas insikter att ta i beaktande när övningar och IT-stöd för övningar. Studier har genomförts med en kvalitativ ansats med litteraturstudier, intervjuer och observationer som datainsamlingsmetoder. Det empiriska materialet har därefter betraktats med meningsgivande (sensemaking) och affordans (affordance) som teoretiska perspektiv för att förstå materialitetens roll och förutsättning i kommunal krisledning. Avhandlingen visar att de förmågor som är återkommande under övningar är samverkan, kommunikation, informationsdelning och skapande av lägesbild. Ofta övas inte aktiviteterna i sin helhet då tekniska och analoga resurser inte innefattas i övningarna. Aktörerna övar därmed delar av görandet, att tänka kring exempelvis att skapa en lägesbild, och inte görandet som helhet som involverar materialitet. Aktörernas egna reflektioner från utvärderingarna är att de själva önskar mer övning med de tekniska resurser som de har till sitt förfogande. Artikel II visar att materialiteten tar en stor plats i det arbete som sker i krisledningsrummet. Materialiteten kan ses anta roller som strukturgivande, meningsgivande, tidsöverbryggande och distansöverbryggande. Den tredje ingående artikeln visar att förutsättningar för att kunna bedriva krisledning är att kunna hantera materialitetens roller och att det krävs flexibilitet då krisledningsgruppens sammansättning är beroende av krisens art och omfattning. Ytterligare en förutsättning är trygghet i den egna organisationen, att känna sin egen roll i krisledningsgruppen och att kunna hantera de analoga och digitala resurser som finns tillgängliga är även det en förutsättning för arbetet. Avslutningsvis visar arbetet också att tid är viktig. Tid att kunna öva de personer som ska ingå i krisledningsgruppen för att därmed kunna skapa den trygghet som behövs.

Vid tidpunkten för försvar av avhandlingen var delarbete 2 opublicerat men accepterat.

At the time of the defence the following paper was accepted, but unpublished: paper 2.

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Andersen, Sofus, and Fredrik Karlsson. ""Vi leker vithaj!" : En fallstudie om vad barn leker i sin skolgårdsmiljö." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Barn- och ungdomsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-191441.

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Syftet med studien är att undersöka barns berättelser sina lekar och sin utemiljö. I denna studie genomförs en fallstudie bestående av samtalspromenader med barn i årskurs två på en skola. Analysen av vår empiri utgick från tematisk analys, för att lyfta fram en överskådlig bild av barnens berättelser. Det teoretiska ramverk vi använde var en kombination av Bob Hughes lektyptaxonomi och James J. Gibsons begrepp affordans, samt begreppet förmåga. Resultaten presenteras med två teman som framkom i analysen, och visar att barnens lekar i de olika miljöerna på skolgården varierar beroende på vad för typ av miljö det är. Det framkommer att barnen använder sig av flera lektyper inom ramen för samma lek, men också att de olika miljöerna erbjuder möjligheter till olika lektyper. Studiens slutsatser är att barns röster om sina egna platser är en rik kunskapskälla, samt att komplexa och utmanande miljöer attraherar barnens lek och att dessa miljöer erbjuder en rik variation av handlingar. Sådana miljöer kan å ena sidan vara av naturligt slag, å andra sidan vara designade av människor.

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Alm, Ia, and Nicole Lundström. "Hur platt kan det vara? : En studie om seniorers förståelse av skeumorfism och platt design inom e-hälsa." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18229.

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Digitaliseringens framfart skapar problem för seniorer som har svårt att hänga med i den moderna teknikens utveckling. Samtidigt har Sveriges regering satt som mål att år 2025 ha digitaliserat hälsovården. I samband med trenden att använda sig av platt design i digitala plattformar försvåras seniorers situation ytterligare och kan ha en negativ effekt i hänseende att utöka den digitala klyftan. Tidigare forskning visar att den platta designens formspråk är svårare att förstå än den traditionella, skeumorfa design som tidigare använts, då platt design saknar affordanser. Detta examensarbete har haft för avsikt att undersöka huruvida platt design är svårare för seniorer att förstå jämfört med traditionell, skeumorf design, samt se hur designprincipen affordans skulle kunna avhjälpa problemet med förståelsen av platt design. Examensarbetet har vägletts av frågeställningen: Hur påverkas seniorers förståelse av platt design i jämförelse med traditionell design i kontexten av webbplatser och vilken betydelse har affordans för att stödja deras förståelse? För att besvara frågeställningen har en kvantitativ enkätundersökning samt en kvalitativ observationsstudie utförts i syfte att utreda frågeställningens variabler utifrån tidigare teorier. Resultatet visar att affordans inte tycks ha någon betydelse för hur seniorer förstår ett designgränssnitt. Däremot syns indikationer för att designprinciper som visuella ledtrådar, eller signifiers, är av stor vikt att ta hänsyn till vid framtagande av design för en senior målgrupp.
The vast progress of digitization creates problems for the seniors who find it hard to keep up with modern technology development. At the same time, the Swedish government has set itself the goal of digitizing health care by 2025. In connection with the trend of using flat design in digital platforms, the situation of seniors is further complicated and may have a negative effect in expanding the digital divide. Previous research shows that the style of the flat design is more difficult to understand than the traditional, skeuomorphic design previously used, as flat design lacks affordances. The aim of this thesis has been to investigate whether flat design is more difficult for seniors to understand than traditional skeuomorphic design, as well as how the design principle affordance could solve the problem of understanding flat design. The thesis has been guided by the question: How are seniors' understanding of flat design compared to traditional design in the context of websites and what significance does affordance have to support their understanding? To answer the question, a quantitative questionnaire survey and a qualitative observation study have been conducted to investigate the variables of the question based on previous theories. The result shows that affordance does not seem to affect how seniors understand a design interface. On the other hand, indications suggest that design principles such as visual clues, or signifiers, are important to consider when designing for a senior audience design.

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Olsson, Malin. "Att skriva sig till läsning med hjälp av appar : En kvalitativ studie av appar som används inom metoden ASL." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32536.

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Ruppel, Erin Katrina. "The Affordance Utilization Model: The Role of Affordances as Relationships Develop." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202515.

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This dissertation advances the affordance utilization model (AUM), which addresses the use of communication modes affordances in personal relationships. Drawing from social penetration theory and research regarding two communication mode affordances--asynchronicity and reduced cues--the AUM predicts that these affordances are positively associated with certain conversational outcomes (specifically, conversational effectiveness and appropriateness, and self-disclosure breadth and depth) but that these associations vary as a function of relationship development. As relationships become more developed, the AUM predicts that communication mode affordances exert less impact on conversational effectiveness, conversational appropriateness, and self-disclosure in conversations in relationships. As a result, the associations between communication mode affordance use and these conversational outcomes are attenuated by relationship development. Regarding self-disclosure depth, the AUM predicts that the association between communication mode affordance use and self-disclosure depth is greatest at moderate levels of relationship development. The AUM also predicts that both use and perceived importance of affordances as a proportion of communication in relationships will decrease as those relationships become more developed. Two studies were conducted to test the AUM. The first surveyed participants regarding their most recent conversation in either a friendship (N = 147) or romantic relationships (N = 166). The second study was a diary study in which participants (N = 64) filled out a short survey after every conversation with their partner for four days. The results of the two studies provide mixed support for the AUM. Although importance of affordances was not associated with relationship development, use of affordances was generally negatively associated with relationship development, as predicted. In general, conversational appropriateness was positively associated with the use of communication mode affordances, and conversational effectiveness, self-disclosure breadth, and self-disclosure depth were negatively associated with affordances. In Study 1, increased relationship development attenuated the association between perceived asynchronicity and both conversational appropriateness and self-disclosure breadth in romantic relationships. In Study 2, increased relationship development attenuated the association between perceived reduced cues and conversational effectiveness. These findings and their implications for the AUM are discussed, and future research directions for the AUM are suggested.

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Feld, Adam. "Haptic Affordance: Where affordances and haptics blend: a study in feedback and object recognition." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367923917.

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Nyholm, Anders. "Astronomi i läroböckerna för gymnasiekursen Fysik 2 : Granskning av astronomiska illustrationer i fyra fysikläroböcker utgivna 2012-2019." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för matematikämnets och naturvetenskapsämnenas didaktik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194829.

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Astronomi fascinerar många och har spelat en avgörande roll i fysikens utveckling. I det svenska gymnasiets läroplan Gy2011 ingår astronomi i kursen Fysik 2. Tidigare intervjustudier har visat att lärare som undervisar i Fysik 2 ofta ger astronomidelen låg vikt och att den ofta knyts starkt till lärobokens innehåll. Det senare gör det intressant att granska hur de aktuella läroböckerna i Fysik 2 behandlar den astronomiska delen av denna kurs. I detta arbete granskas illustrationer ur astronomikapitlen i fyra läroböcker i Fysik 2 utgivna 2012-2019. För att avgöra vilka möjligheter illustrationerna erbjuder att urskilja detaljer som är relevanta för ämnet används begreppen affordans, disciplinär urskiljning och variation. Med dessa begrepp som stöd granskas ett urval av illustrationer (ett fotografi av den variabla stjärnan RS Puppis, bilder av Krabbnebulosan i olika våglängdsområden respektive tre versioner av hubblediagrammet). En del illustrationer visar sig ha lågt pedagogiskt värde, vilket beror på att de inte valts ändamålsenligt eller på att de kopplas svagt till omgivande text. Storleken hos synfältet i de sammanlagt 42 astronomiska bilder (t.ex. fotografier) som finns i kapitlen granskas också. Synfältets bredd i bilderna sträcker sig från 0,000002' till 120 grader (med medianvärdet 12') men synfältens storlek kommenteras inte i kapiteltexterna och variationen används inte för något pedagogiskt syfte.

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Johnsson, Alice, and Felicia Wallin. "Samhörighet mellan distansstudenter på lärplattformar : en studie kring hur lärplattformar kan berikas av sociala affordanser." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-21142.

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I och med att undervisningen på distans ökar i popularitet så läggs det större vikt på distansstudenternas välmående. Distansundervisning bedrivs dock i nuläget på ett sätt som motsätter sig studerandes efterfrågan om social gemenskap vilket skapar en känsla av isolering. Att berika lärplattformar med sociala affordanser och element från sociala nätverkssajter är ett försök att öka social närvaro på lärplattformar. I denna uppsats utforskas hur samhörigheten mellan distansstudenter kan förbättras på lärplattformar och vilka affordanser som kan berika lärplattformar utöver de som redan har beforskats. Studien resulterar i 2 element (Integritet och Samarbete), 3 sociala affordanser (Social anslutning, Social interaktion och Profilbyggnad) och 1 innehållsaffordans (Innehållsdelning) som har identifierats utifrån respondenternas preferenser i förhållande till sociala nätverkssajter. Funktionaliteterna som kopplas samman med dessa identifierade element och affordanser gestaltas genom en skiss i resultatet. Detta för att förtydliga hur en möjlig applicering på lärplattformar kan förbättra kommunikationen och den sociala närvaron mellan de studerande.
As distance education is increasing in popularity more emphasis is placed on the wellbeing of distance students. However, distance education is currently conducted in a way that opposes students’ demand for social community, which creates a feeling of isolation. Enriching learning management platforms with social affordances and elements from social networking sites is an attempt to increase social presence on learning management platforms. This essay explores how to improve the relationship between distance students on learning management platforms and which affordances may enrich learning management platforms besides those that have already been researched. The study results in 2 elements (Privacy and Collaboration), 3 social affordances (Social connectivity, Social interactivity and Profile building) and 1 content affordance (Content sharing) that has been identified based on the respondents preferences in relation to social networking sites. The functionalities associated with these identified elements and affordances are presented through a sketch in the result. This is to clarify how a possible application on learning platforms can improve communication and the social presence between the students.

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Christopher, Isaksson. "Barns upplevelser av förskolegårdens olika zoner." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för didaktik och lärares praktik (DLP), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95842.

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Barns upplevelser av förskolegårdens zoner och det som utgör en zons upplevelsevärde är ett vagt utforskat område. Då läroplanen för förskolan bygger på barns intressen blir en inblick i barns perspektiv med fokus på deras upplevelser av förskolegården ett aktuellt forsknignsområde. För att kunna framställa ett resultat av barnens upplevelser inleds studien med ett analyserande arbete av förskolegården, dess zoner och vad barnen observeras göar under sin utevistelse. Efter den förberedande datainsamlingen görs ett flertal gruppintervjuer med barn från två förskolor på hur de upplever förskolegården och dess olika zoner. Det som framstod som mest utstående i studiens resultat var det faktum att en zon inte kan tillskrivas en fast definion med specifika upplevelsevärden, utan hur en zon upplevs är för barnen högst individuellt och påverkas ständigt av den affordans som är tillgänglig för ett barn vid en specifik tidpunkt. Ännu ett återkommande fenomen är att zoner vars designade ändamål ämnar sig åt en specifik typ av upplevelse många gånger för barnen används till något annat. Zoner vars lugn och sinnlighet anses vara av lugn karaktär kan av barnen nyttjas till fysisk lek av mer kaotisk natur.

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Rückert, Hugo, and Magnus Johnson. "Värdet av en Virtuell Relation : Aktivitet i förhållande till kontext – Spotify ur ett praktikperspektiv." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19159.

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The increased interest in relationship marketing and the potential of the Internet as a platform for relationship building activities have given rise to new ways for companies to interact with their customers, such as services based on a freemium pricing model. Based on the premise that relationships are processes consisting of interactive moments of value-creating activities, value is considered subjective, relative and dependent on the context in which the activity takes place. Value is therefore variable given its context and cannot be pre-defined without nuances being lost. Despite the Internet's given role in societal development, our understanding of what contributes to customers' intentions to build relationships with online services is yet to mature. As the music industry is well established on the Internet, alongside the change in how music is consumed, it is thus appropriate to examine activities in accordance with a freemium based service that distributes music online, since it still lacks in academic understanding. This study aims to provide insights about virtual relations and how online services that provide cultural content should relate to there users as well as contributing to the ongoing academic discussion regarding value and how it is manifested by highlighting contextual impact on relational activities. For a rapprochement of relations to online services in cultural industries, this study assumed a practice perspective. In accordance with practice theory and action research, primary data was collected through participatory observation set in users' natural social environment, with a targeted sample of informants well familiar with the object of study - the online service Spotify. The results show that value in virtual relationships arise inter-subjectively between users, where value is relative to past experiences, changeable over time, and expressed through individual and collective activities afforded by current context. If usage of a service is part of the daily routine, it also becomes a part of the user's identity, which the user, in order not to disrupt the routine, is willing to make sacrifices to uphold, thus maintaining their identity and ongoing relationship to the service provider. The more affordances a service provider manages to convey, the more meaningful a relationship is considered to be. The affective dimension of cultural products, especially music, allows for interpersonal coordination, and emotional convergence, where value is created inter-subjectively through collectively shared practices, allowing us to share feelings and experiences and enjoying how the closeness of interpersonal relationships contribute to our everyday lives. The inter-subjective value creation process thus also works as a process of humanizing the virtual relationship.
Det ökade intresset för relationsmarknadsföring och Internets potential som plattform för relationsbyggande aktiviteter har gett upphov till nya sätt för företag att interagera med sina kunder, till exempel genom freemium-tjänster. Utifrån premisserna att relationen är en process av interaktionsögonblick av meningsskapande aktiviteter, förutsätts värde vara subjektivt, relativt och beroende av kontexten i vilken aktiviteten utspelas. Värde är således föränderligt givet kontexten och kan inte på förhand definieras utan att nyanser går förlorade. Trots Internets givna roll i samhällsutvecklingen, saknas fortfarande förståelse för vilka parametrar som bidrar till kunders intentioner att bygga relationer med online-tjänster. Då musikindustrin är väl etablerad på Internet, parallellt med att det skett en förändring av hur musik konsumeras, är det således motiverat att undersöka aktiviteter förenliga med en tjänst som distribuerar musik online, baserad på affärsmodellen freemium, då den akademiskt sätt ännu befinner sig i sin vagga. Studiens syfte är att ge insikter om virtuella relationer för hur online-tjänster med kulturellt innehåll ska förhålla sig till sina användare och bidra till den pågående akademiska diskussionen om hur värde manifesteras genom att belysa kontexters inverkan på relationer. För ett närmande av relationer till online-tjänster inom kulturella industrier, antogs för denna studie ett praktikperspektiv. I enlighet med aktionsforskning inhämtades primärdata genom deltagande observation i användarnas naturliga sociala miljö, baserat på ett målinriktat urval av informanter väl bekanta med studieobjektet - online-tjänsten Spotify. Resultatet visar på att värde inom virtuella relationer uppstår intersubjektivt mellan användare, är relativt mot tidigare erfarenheter, är föränderligt över tid, och kommer till uttryck genom individuella som kollektiva aktiviteter beroende av rådande kontext. Är användningen av tjänsten en del av den dagliga rutinen, blir användningen en del av användarens identitet, med påföljden att användaren är beredd att göra uppoffringar för att inte bryta rutinen och på så vis upprätthålla sin identitet och relation till tjänsten. Ju fler affordanser tjänster lyckas förmedla, desto mer meningsfull upplevs relationen. Den affektiva dimensionen som kulturella produkter för med sig, särskilt musik, möjliggör för interpersonal koordination och emotionell sammanstrålning, där intersubjektivt värdeskapande kollektivt tillskjuter värde i den gemensamma upplevelsen, då vi tillåter oss att dela våra känslor och upplevelser och njuta av den närhet som mänskliga relationer bidrar till i våra vardagliga liv. Det intersubjektiva värdeskapandet bidrar till ett förmänskligande av den virtuella relationen.

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Cöllen, Sebastian. "Den auratiska artefakten : Begränsningar och möjligheter i den digitala reproduktionen av kulturarv." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413839.

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The digital copy is rapidly becoming the dominant form in which researchers encounter cultural heritage. In this situation, the relation between the original and the digital reproduction has become a crucial, yet too little discussed problem. This thesis investigates this relation through two questions: (1) Which is the ontological status of the reproduction in relation to the original, and (2) How is the original mediated to its digital format? Question (1) is answered in dialogue with previous research: The reproduction is a new artefact, but with a relation (of similiarity) to the original. It is the understanding of this relation that the remaining part of the thesis tries to deepen and around which the second question revolves. This more empirical question (2)is examined through a comparative analysis of a physical original—the 17th century album amicorum of Gottfried Schröer—and its digitisation in the platform Alvin.The informative dimensions “context”, “materiality”, “textbased information”, and the category “aura” are investigated in the original and in the digital reproduction. For this purpose, Walter Benjamin’s concept “aura” is critically discussed and redefined as an analytical concept, and the research question is rephrased in terms of (a) which qualities are transfered, (b) not transfered, and (c) if/how they are transformed during the transfer to the digital format. It is also asked which consequences this might have for the artefact as a source of information. The analysis is positioned in a materiality discourse, adopting perspectives from, i.a., Actor-Network Theory and Material Philology. In this context, a widened concept of materiality is also developed, allowing the inclusion of the “virtual”. The thesis identifies aspects in which the reproduction differs from the original, depending, among other things, on its own materiality. This strengthens the call for users’ information competency when interacting with digital reproductions. This is a two years masters's thesis in library and information science.

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Anderson, Chad. "Health Information Systems Affordances: How the Materiality of Information Technology Enables and Constrains the Work Practices of Clinicians." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cis_diss/45.

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The IT artifact is at the core of the information systems (IS) discipline and yet most IS research does not directly theorize the IT artifact or its nomological network (Benbasat and Zmud 2003; Orlikowski and Iacono 2001). This research seeks to answer a repeated call for more direct engagement with the IT artifact and its nomological net with affordance theory adopted as the basis for this theoretical work. An exploratory case study was conducted to answer the research question, how do the material properties of health information systems enable and constrain the work practices of clinicians? The study was conducted at a large urban acute care hospital in the Midwestern United States with registered nurses working on inpatient care units as the clinicians of interest. Through interviews with nurses and other clinical stakeholders and the observation of nurse’s work practices on three patient care units in the hospital, theoretical insights were developed on the nature of affordances for information systems research. IS affordances are defined in this study as relationships between abilities of an individual and features of an information systems within the context of the environment in which they function. The concepts of an affordance range and an affordance threshold are proposed as theoretical constructs in the nomological network of affordances that help to explain the use of information systems as a function of the difficulty of acting on IS affordances. The relationship between affordances and constraints is theorized and linked to the affordance range and threshold with the assertion that constraints are closely associated with the difficulties experienced by users in acting on IS affordances. The challenge of studying IS affordances in all their complexity is discussed with the suggestion that researchers take the user’s perspective of affordances to alleviate the need for repeated decomposition. Finally, the role of information systems in facilitating social interaction is emphasized through the concept of affordances for sociality. The contribution of this research to the IS field is a more nuanced understanding of the nature of the IT artifact and its relationship to the users of that technology.

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Oliveira, Francis Graeff de. "Affordances da rua." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/156882.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Florianópolis, 2015.
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O incentivo ao deslocamento a pé é tido como parte integrante da Lei 12.587/2012 - Política Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana. Entretanto, as abordagens projetuais para o espaço da rua são, atualmente, baseadas na função de deslocamento motorizado das pessoas, não condizendo com as necessidades de suporte para a realização da caminhada como transporte e, também, das atividades sociais, culturais e de lazer. Durante o seu processo evolutivo, a rua refletiu o contexto histórico, econômico, político e social influenciando e sendo influenciada pela vida urbana Entretanto, o advento de novas tecnologias nos campos de tráfego, construção civil e comunicação, mudou este cenário e o sistema viário passou a conduzir a forma da rua. Pesquisas sobre a caminhada demonstram a influência do espaço da rua sobre a decisão de se deslocar a pé. Os Estudos Pessoa-Ambiente trazem o conhecimento da interação homem-ambiente, de base substantiva, à teoria da arquitetura e do urbanismo. Este conhecimento é imprescindível para ocorrer a transição do projeto baseado em teorias normativas ao projeto da rua contemporânea. A teoria das affordances, proporciona compreendermos a transacionalidade da interação da pessoa com o ambiente. Para o projeto integral do espaço da rua, adaptamos a metodologia de Projeto Baseado em Affordances para o espaço da rua, desenvolvida, inicialmente, para o Design de Produto. Esta teoria procedural mostrou-se adequada, experimentalmente, tanto no processo projetual, quanto na avaliação para posterior adequação de ruas já existentes. A integração da teoria substantiva com a teoria procedural é essencial para construirmos espaços que deem suporte à caminhada.

Abstract : The incentive to walk as transport is an integral part of the Brazilian National Policy on Urban Mobility, Federal Law 12.587/2012. Nonetheless, the design approaches to the street are currently based on motorized transportation, not corresponding to the necessary support to walk and also the social, cultural and leisure activities. During its evolution, the street reflected the historical, economic, political and social context influencing and being influenced by urban life, however, the advent of new technologies in traffic engineering, civil construction and communication, changed this scenario and the traffic system started to lead street design. Research on walking as transport show the influence of street space on the decision to walk. The Environment and Behavior Studies bring the substantive knowledge of human-environment interaction to the theory of Architecture and Urbanism. This knowledge is essential to place the transition from design based on normative theories to the contemporary street design. The Affordance Theory provides understanding of the transactional interaction of the person with the environment. To achieve the integral design of the street, we adapted the Affordance Based Design methodology. This procedural theory was seen as adequate, experimentally, both in the design process, and in the evaluation for further adjustment of existing streets. The integration of substantive theory and procedural theory is essential to build spaces that gives support to walking.

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Ståhl, Björn. "Monitoring Infrastructure Affordances." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00544.

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Computing has made its way into most of our lives as a key processor of vast quantities of information. This has happened directly in terms of gadgets and devices that assists us in everyday life, but also indirectly, through the critical infrastructures that enables these devices to function. A key issue with critical infrastructures such as transportation, communication, power-grids and finance, is increasingly circular interdependencies. Because of this issue, a disruption in either one can cascade and have a global effect on the others. To manage these complexities, we are depending on a number of monitoring systems that allow operators and other stakeholders to, within their respective expert domains, discover disruptions as early as possible and then take appropriate actions. These monitoring systems are not without challenges of their own. In addition to having evolved organically alongside their respective infrastructures, there is a considerable legacy to account for, with both hardware and software components spanning decades of computing history. This puts heavy restrictions on the kinds of interventions that can be performed safely, implying that these systems are ill fit for handling the software and software security landscapes of today, where updates and adjustments need to be applied on a daily basis in order to stand a fighting chance. The work presented herein address some of the major challenges in securing these monitoring systems against current and future threats posed by antagonistic actors, dormant software defects and changes imposed by technological advances and academic discoveries. This is approached on several fronts in parallel: by embedding resilience in order to allow for controlled experimentation and evaluation of new protection mechanisms in incrementally sensitive settings; by developing laboratory facilities for resilient smart power-grids; and by developing tools and training scenarios for operators of adaptive and reconfigurable monitoring systems.

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Vainio, Lari. "Affordance, attention and laterality." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1915.

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This thesis examines object-guided actions. Recently, micro-affordance effects have shown that a visual object affords actions automatically. These effects are observed when the grasp type (precision and power grasp) is facilitated by size (small and large) of the categorized object (the object-size effect), or when right or left hand responses are facilitated by object orientation (the object-orientation effect). It has been shown elsewhere that attentional mechanisms have a vital role in visually guided movements. In addition, visually guided movements have associated with hemispheric lateralization. Thus, the central focus of the thesis was the role of different components of attention (location-based-, object-based-, endogenous-, exogenous-, focused attention) in micro-affordance effects, and the hemispheric lateralisation of these effects. Using the stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) paradigm, a set of nine experiments (six that employed the object-orientation effect and three that employed the object-size effect) investigated aspects of attention and lateralization in visuomotor integration. A participant performed bi-manual keypresses or precision/power grip responses according to the identity of a target that was displayed over the task-irrelevant prime. Size or orientation properties of the prime object were manipulated, and outcome of interest was how those object properties effected corresponding or non-corresponding responses. The data showed that both micro-affordance effects could be observed when the allocation of endogenous attention to the prime is minimal or absent. However, the generation of both effects were observed to need resources of focused attention. In addition, the data supported the view that the object-orientation effect is generated by the orientation of the entire object and not by a shift of attention to the object’s handle location. Finally, manual asymmetries in these effects suggested that visually guided precision grips are computed predominantly in the left hemisphere whereas power grips are computed in the right hemisphere.

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Gorniak, Peter John. "The affordance-based concept." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33884.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-95).
Natural language use relies on situational context. The meaning of words and utterances depend on the physical environment and the goals and plans of communication partners. These facts should be central to theories of language and automatic language understanding systems. Instead, they are often ignored, leading to partial theories and systems that cannot fully interpret linguistic meaning. I introduce a new computational theory of conceptual structure that has as its core claim that concepts are neither internal nor external to the language user, but instead span the objective-subjective boundary. This theory proposes interaction and prediction as a central theme, rather than solely emphasizing deducing, sensing or acting. To capture the possible interactions between subject and object, the theory relies on the notion of perceived affordances: structured units of interaction that can be used for prediction at certain levels of abstraction. By using perceived affordances as a basis for language understanding, the theory accounts for many aspects of the situated nature of human language use. It provides a unified solution to a number of other demands on a theory of language understanding including conceptual combination, prototypicality effects, and the generative nature of lexical items.
(cont.) To support the theory, I describe an implementation that relies on probabilistic hierarchical plan recognition to predict possible interactions. The elements of a recognized plan provide an instance of perceived affordances which are used by a linguistic parser to ground the meaning of words and grammatical constituents. Evaluations performed in a multiuser role playing game environment show that this implementation captures the meaning of free-form spontaneous directive speech acts that cannot be understood without taking into account the intentional and physical situation of speaker and listener.
by Peter John Gorniak.
Ph.D.

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Nordbeck, Patric C. "Dynamics of Affordance Actualization." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504881864634251.

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Singh, Linda. "Instagram affordances among post-pregnant body advocates." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21452.

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ABSTRACTObjectification of especially women have often been mentioned in connection to discussions concerning negative body image wherein individuals have been claimed to evaluate their body and look based on standardized societal ideals (Nash:2015, Hodgkinson, Wittkowski & Smith:2014). Studies have also shown that newspapers, magazines, and movies routinely present post-pregnancy bodies as something temporarily that women should strive to improve (Breda et al.:2015, Roth et al.:2012, Williams et al.:2017). Although, it has been stated that social media can work as a supportive and inspirational tool for this specific group of women (Baker & Yang:2017, Jarvis:2017) as well as platform of expression where users can shape and spread their own beauty standards (Cwynar-Horton:2016a, Guha:2014, Earl & Rohlinger:2018). Women’s thoughts of their post-pregnancy bodies in connection to the motivations behind their bodily exposure on social media platforms have not yet been examined, even though it has been claimed that this group is particularly vulnerable to body image concerns due to social media representations (Coyne et al.:2017). As a contribution to the field of post-pregnant body advocates affordances of Instagram, this paper has focused on Swedish post-pregnant women that have posted images of their bodies under the hashtags #mammamage (mum tummy) and/or #mammakropp (mum body). By applying affordance theory’s suggestion that environments afford different affordances for individuals, this paper has asked 94 post-pregnant women how they feel about their bodies and what they think of societal body ideals, as well as examined their motivations behind their use of Instagram with the aim to identify prominent emotional affordances. Here, objectification theory, comparison theory, postmodern feminism, and feminist reflexivity were used as supporting theories in the analysis of the data which was conducted through a mixed methods survey.The main findings have been that Instagram is seen as a platform that enables its users to experience emotional affordances of 1) criticism and comparisons, 2) inspiration and support and 3) acceptance, where post-pregnant body advocates are using the affordances primarily to visualize average post-pregnancy bodies, challenge standardized body ideals and get inspired or inspire other women into re-thinking the notion(s) of their post-pregnancy bodies. What this paper further has contributed with is a greater understanding of post-pregnant body advocates experiences of their own bodies, a broader perspective on post-pregnant body advocates thoughts of societal ideals, a more profound comprehension behind post-pregnant body advocates motivation(s) behind their use of Instagram, and new knowledge to the field of emotional affordances among Instagram users.Keywords: post-pregnant women, body advocates, Instagram, affordances, affordance theory, emotional affordances, objectification theory, feminist reflexivity, comparison theory, postmodern feminism, survey, mixed method

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Salazar, Luisa Fernanda Garcia. "Avaliação bilateral da cinemática linear e da ativação muscular durante o alcance com estímulo funcional em indivíduos hemiparéticos crônicos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5340.

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Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
One of the major clinical problems of post-stroke people is regarding the loss of upper limb function, which impairs daily activities performance, especially those involving reaching. Increased muscle tone, sensory deficits and weakness are alterations that affect both muscle activation pattern and movement strategies of upper limb during reaching. The performance of specific functional tasks during the rehabilitation process must occur within enriched contexts. The implementation of useful objects has been recommended for reach facilitation. Objective: To describe movement strategies and bilateral muscle activation during reaching an object with functional utility in chronic hemiparetic subjects. Methods: Fifteen ischemic post-stroke subjects and 15 healthy subjects matched for age and gender were included in the study. During a task of touching a glass of water and/or a black cylinder were obtained the following variables in a synchronized way: a) electromyographic: magnitude of muscular activity of superior trapezius, pectoral major, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, serratus anterior, anterior deltoid and middle deltoid of both sides; and b) kinematics: peak velocity, percentage of time to reach peak velocity, trajectory, reach path ratio, movement time, and trunk displacement during a reaching task. Results: There was effect of the functional utility of objects neither in movement strategies, nor in muscle activation of both upper limbs in hemiparetic and control subjects. A reduction in the magnitude of electromyographic signal was observed in both upper limbs of hemiparetic subjects in the anterior deltoid and upper trapezius muscles, while the brachial biceps and pectoral major were increased compared to healthy subjects. The triceps braquii muscle showed an increase magnitude in the non-paretic limb when compared to the paretic limb and upper limb of healthy subjects. Changes in upper limb muscle activation which did not perform the movement were also identified. Both paretic and non-paretic limbs showed higher movement time, and trunk anterior displacement, as weel as, and lower peak velocity and reach path ratio during the transport phase, compared to the upper limb of healthy subjects. Conclusion: Subjects with chronic hemiparesis presented bilateral changes in muscle activation and in movement strategies during reaching. The compensatory strategies generated by these subjects did not seem to be affected by the functional utility of the objects in controlled environments.
Uma das principais queixas dos indivíduos pós-AVC refere-se à perda da funcionalidade do membro superior (MS), a qual limita a realização das atividades de vida diária, especialmente aquelas que envolvem o alcance. Dentre as alterações que prejudicam o desempenho da tarefa de alcance estão o aumento do tônus muscular, déficits sensoriais e fraqueza muscular, as quais podem interferir no padrão de ativação muscular do MS destes indivíduos e nas estratégias de movimento durante o alcance. A realização de tarefas funcionais específicas durante o processo de reabilitação deve ocorrer dentro de contextos enriquecido. A implementação de objetos úteis vem sendo recomendada para a facilitação do movimento de alcance. Objetivo: Descrever as estratégias de movimento e de ativação muscular bilateral dos membros superiores durante o alcance de um objeto com utilidade funcional em indivíduos hemiparéticos crônicos. Metodologia: Quinze indivíduos pós- AVC isquêmico e 15 sujeitos saudáveis pareados pela idade e gênero foram incluídos no estudo. Durante uma tarefa de tocar um copo com água e/ou um cilindro preto foram obtidas, de forma sincronizada, as seguintes variáveis: a) eletromiográficas: amplitude da atividade muscular dos músculos trapézio superior, peitoral maior, bíceps e tríceps braquiais, serrátil anterior, deltóide anterior e médio de ambos os hemicorpos; e b) cinemáticas: pico de velocidade, porcentagem para o tempo de pico, distância percorrida, índice de retidão, tempo de movimento e deslocamento de tronco. Resultados: Não foi observado efeito da utilidade funcional dos objetos nas estratégias de movimento, nem na ativação muscular de ambos membros superiores nos sujeitos hemiparéticos e controle. Foi observada uma redução na amplitude do sinal eletromiográfico, em ambos os membros superiores dos sujeitos hemiparéticos, nos músculos deltóide anterior e trapézio superior, enquanto que os músculos bíceps braquial e peitoral maior demostraram aumento, comparado a indivíduos saudáveis. O músculo tríceps braquial apresentou aumento da amplitude no membro não parético quando comparado a o membro parético e ao MS de sujeitos saudáveis. Modificações na ativação muscular no MS que não executa o movimento também foram identificadas. Tanto o membro parético como o não parético apresentaram maior tempo de movimento, e deslocamento de tronco, bem como menor índice de retidão, pico de velocidade durante a fase de transporte, em relação ao membro superior de sujeitos saudáveis. Conclusão: Indivíduos hemiparéticos crônicos possuem alterações bilaterais na ativação muscular e nas estratégias do movimento durante o alcance. As estratégias compensatórias geradas por estes sujeitos parecem não ser afetadas pela utilidade funcional dos objetos, em ambientes controlados.

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Jirholm, Sara. "eWOM-Affordance i Sociala Medier." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-29309.

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Word-of-mouth (WOM) är ett begrepp som länge varit känt inom företagsvärlden och syftar till fenomenet där kunder delar med sig muntligt av sina erfarenheter gällande produkter eller tjänster som de köpt eller på annat vis tagit del av. Detta begrepp har uppmärksammats inom forskning på grund av den inverkan den har hos potentiella kunder och på ryktet av den produkt, tjänst eller märke som kunderna pratar om. Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), som liknas till WOM men är distribuerat över internet, har uppkommit i och med utvecklingen av Web 2.0 och förekommer i diverse olika skepnader, så som recensionswebbplatser, bloggar och inte minst sociala medier. Att skriva WOM på internet ger många nya möjligheter för användarna, bland annat större spridning av det budskap som framförs. Det finns olika studier som fokuserar på eWOM i förhållande till marknadsföring men få som utforskar eWOM i sociala medier från ett designperspektiv. Denna studie syftar därför till att analysera vilka möjligheter till eWOM som erbjuds i sociala medier. Detta har gjorts via en internetbaserad etnografisk studie där inlägg från Instagram observerats och analyserats utefter ett affordance perspektiv. Uppsatsen visar hur eWOM affordance kan ta sig uttryck och kontextualiseras. eWOM affordance ger förståelse för vilka verktyg som sociala medier erbjuder användaren. Denna förståelse kan nyttjas av såväl gränssnittsdesigners och interaktionsdesigners vid utveckling av webbplatser samt att det ger större förståelse för begreppet eWOM inom marknadsföring.
Word-of-Mouth (WOM) is a phenomenon which describes how individuals orally tell each other about their experiences of products and services and has long been known in the corporate world because of its vast impact on sales. The phenomenon has also been subject to different studies because of the effect it has of the potential customer’s buying incentive and the impact it has on the reputation of the product or service that the WOM is about. The development of Web 2.0 has afforded individuals to spread their opinions of products and services even further with electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). eWOM has a lot in common with WOM but is instead expressed through text over the internet and can be found in websites such as review websites, blogs and social media. This opens up new opportunities for the users such as greater dissemination of their opinions. There are several studies that explore eWOM in conjunction with marketing but not as many that study eWOM from a design perspective. This study therefor aims to analyze what social media affords regarding expressing eWOM. This has been done through an internet-based ethnographic study where posts form the social networking site Instagram have been observed and analyzed from an affordance perspective. The results of the study show how eWOM affordance can manifest itself and how it can be contextualized in social media. eWOM affordance creates an understanding about what tools social media afford the user. This understanding can be used by interface designers and interaction designers during development of websites as well as give better understanding of eWOM for marketers.

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Hakim, Lina. "Scientific playthings : artefacts, affordance, history." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2013. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/41/.

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This research project aims to put forward, through the examination of three scientific artefacts as case studies, an applied philosophy and methodology for the study of things and the thinking that they allow. Within a phenomenological/ecological framework, the project proposes that thinking of scientific instruments as playthings puts forward their instability and mobility as artefacts, and develops the notion of ‘historical affordance’ to relate the evolution and variation over time in what they offer to perception, action and understanding. An historical account is adopted to show that change is occurring in a continuous subsisting thing and to register the mobility and transformability of a thing while keeping in memory its past affordances and anticipating future ones that extend previous uses and practices. Each chapter takes a scientific artefact as a case study: the string surface model, the Crookes radiometer and the gyroscope. All date from the nineteenth century, which as a transitional period for natural philosophy and science proved ideal. Through the notion of historical affordance, each case study addresses the different materials and technologies that compose the device as histories, and looks at these constitutive parts separately and as particular arrangements and relationships within the device. The instruments are examined alongside objects that they resonate with from the fields of arts, craft and pedagogy – material ‘declinations’ in a network of objects that bring attention to particular substances and qualities of the artefacts and allow for thinking through things about the thought that dwells in things. Having fleshed out the historical affordance of the three instruments, the thesis finally proposes that each seems to suggest a particular ‘shape’ for these movements of thought: a topological one in the case of the model, an atmospheric one in the case of the radiometer and a kinetic one in the case of the gyroscope.

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Miles, Lynden K. "Smiles, affordances, and social interaction." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4765.

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This thesis describes a program of research designed to investigate the sensitivity of perceivers to the ontological distinctions between simulated expressions of happiness unrelated to positive emotional experience, or, posed smiles, and spontaneous, veridical expressions of positive affect, or, genuine smiles. Importantly, this research was conducted from within the theoretical framework of Gibsonian ecological psychology, an alternative approach to the information processing theories that dominate contemporary psychological theorising. Four experiments were conducted that employed an original set of ecologically valid facial displays generated specifically for the present research. In Experiments I a and 1 b, it was demonstrated that when jUdging from either photographs or video, participants could determine whether a smile reflected a positive emotional experience or not. Furthermore, for both of these studies, participants exhibited a bias toward misidentifying posed smiles that expose the teeth as genuine smiles. Experiment 2 also revealed findings consistent with the notion that perceivers are sensitive to the meaningful differences between posed and genuine smiles. In this study, participants were required to judge the valence of a series of target words, each of which was preceded by a briefly presented facial expression (i.e. a prime). The results of this study indicated that the identification of positive words was facilitated when preceded by a genuine smile, but not a posed smile. Experiment 3 was conducted to further investigate how such sensitivity may be manifest in regard to guiding effective social interaction. PartiCipants were required to play several rounds of the Prisoners' Dilemma game with partners (actually video recordings) exhibiting Xll either posed or genuine smiles. The results of this experiment indicated that genuine smiles facilitated cooperative interaction, but posed smiles did not. The results of all four experiments are discussed in terms of the functionality provided by accurate social perception with regard to the acquisition of information specifying the emotional state, and more broadly, the dispositional properties of conspecifics. Finally, these results will be considered in terms of the ecological conceptualisation of psychological activity, with an emphasis on the social affordances specified by posed and genuine smiles respectively.

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Booth, Jennifer Elizabeth. "Experience, action and affordance perception." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2451/.

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The aim for this thesis is to motivate, critically evaluate and defend the claim that subjects are able to consciously perceive the affordances of objects. I will present my protagonist, the ‘Conscious Affordance Theorist’, with what are two main obstacles to this claim. The first of these is that affordance perception correctly understood refers only to a kind of subpersonal visual processing, and not to a kind of conscious visual experience. I claim that this results in an explanatory gap at the level of intentional action, which in order to correct we need to redefine the notion of affordance perception to include conscious as well as subpersonal affordance perception. Precisely, I claim that ‘affordance awareness’ has a crucial epistemological role to play, and that subjects must be able to consciously experience affordances in order to gain this awareness. In answer to this claim, I supplement the objection that affordance perception is defined as subpersonal perception to include the claim that any awareness subjects have of the affordances of objects they visually experience is due to them having thoughts about those affordances, and not visual experience of them. I then consider the Conscious Affordance Theorist’s response to this supplemented account. The second obstacle is the claim that conscious visual affordance perception is an impossible notion given that affordances are dispositional properties, and the dispositional properties of objects cannot be ‘seen’. In facing this objection I look to the supporting claims and motivations that lie behind it, in order to find a way for the Conscious Affordance Theorist to challenge its central claim that affordances cannot be seen. I end this thesis with an account of the Conscious Affordance Theorist’s own positive position, and a consideration of how his account has the ability to provide for conscious affordance perception in the case of non-human animals.

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Clark, Charlotte E. S. "The affordances of adolescents' environments." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390578.

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30

Sun, Jie. "Object categorization for affordance prediction." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24625.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Rehg, James M.; Committee Co-Chair: Bobick, Aaron; Committee Member: Balch, Tucker; Committee Member: Christensen, Henrik I.; Committee Member: Pietro Perona

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31

Tony, Olsson. "Investigating Affordance of haptic technology." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20796.

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This thesis investigates the assumed affordance of haptic technology in a wearable context. This work position itself within the internet of things where wearable and connected objects have established themselves as a sub-domain in the area. Some argued that haptic technologies provide certain benefits when creating interfaces for wearable technologies. However, their seams to be a lack of studies investigating the natural responses to haptic technology from a user perspective. To investigate the assumed benefits of haptic technology, we have developed a prototype of a wearable haptic system. This system consists of two jacket were each jacket contains 16 touch sensitive sensor and haptic actuators. All interactions with the sensor of one jacket are mirrored with a haptic feedback in the other jacket. The purpose of this system is to investigate the initial responses and accord of haptic technology by users. The reason for doing this is to develop guidelines for further investigation into haptic technology as a means for creating wearable objects with a non-screen based interfaces.The study concludes there to be some merit to the use of rhythm for creating haptic interaction patterns as well as haptic technology affording a simple and natural dialog in human computer interaction. Further, we also conclude that there is some merit to haptic affording faster learning curves in novel non-screen based interaction and are suitable for providing clear feedback. This study also shows limitations for haptic technology. Haptics seem less proficient for interfaces existing in a system as well as handling errors. This study also proved problematic because of the lack in clearly defined methods for investigating novel non-screen based interfaces.In chapter two of this thesis we first present a theoretical overview of wearable’s generally and how haptic technology position itself within wearable technology. In chapter three, we move on by introducing our methods of research. Based on our theory we then frame the technological outline of the project and practical implementation. We follow this by presenting the results in chapter five from our user testing conducted with the prototype. We end our thesis with a discussion in chapter six with presenting the principal findings together with our discussion and future developments in chapter seven.

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Davis, Tehran J. "Perceiving Affordances for Joint Action." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243351717.

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Carlson, Krista Disa. "Cultural Differences in Affordance Perception." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1529690776159751.

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34

Pankratz, Karissa Rachelle. "Playscape affordances: encouraging experiential learning." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17737.

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Master of Landscape Architecture
Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Mary Catherine (Katie) Kingery-Page
According to Barbara Hendricks, play environment designer and consultant, “If we want children to grow up with a zest for living we need to give them living spaces that express life as a grand experience.” Hendricks emphasizes playtime is important for children to process formal lessons (Hendricks 2011). This applied design research project seeks to facilitate child development through an experiential learning playscape while addressing stormwater management for Bluemont Elementary School. The central research question of this project is: How can school playgrounds be designed to afford children improved social interactions and experiential learning? An exploration of landscape affordances theory (Sanseter and Hansen 2009, Heft 1988) and experiential learning (Kolb 1984), combined with social interactions and cognitive child development (Addo-Atuah 2012), formed a theory base for the project. Playground observations, stakeholder surveys, stakeholder interviews, and site inventory and analysis informed the eventual design. Major factors influencing students’ play include age, playground rules, equipment available for use, and weather. Site conditions, including topography and site drainage, can also influence students’ play. In current conditions, stormwater is a schoolyard liability restricting play and safe site circulation. The researcher gathered insights from student surveys, playground observations, teacher interviews, and site inventory and analysis to complete a comprehensive master plan. The comprehensive master plan and detailed stormwater management plan address the schoolyard over the next twenty to fifty year outlook. The designs resolve practical issues while increasing the variety of site educational and play affordances available to students and teachers for play and learning. A primary goal of the detailed plan is to convert stormwater schoolyard liabilities into amenities and educational tools.

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35

Mellstrand, Per. "Protection of System Layer Affordances." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik och datavetenskap, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4212.

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With more and more open systems connected to the Internet security is perhaps the most important attribute of modern software systems. A large problem when creating secure systems is developers misunderstanding or incorrectly assuming how objects behave. In this paper I describe how such incorrect assumption can result in large problems in software systems, under which conditions these problems typically appear and a method that can be used to reduce the number of software defects caused by incorrect assumption.
Tele: 070-6470393 eller 0457-79875

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36

Yim, Gary. "Affordant Chord Transitions in Selected Guitar-Driven Popular Music." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1308075022.

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37

Cakmak, Maya. "Robot Planning Based On Learned Affordances." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608551/index.pdf.

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This thesis studies how an autonomous robot can learn affordances from its interactions with the environment and use these affordances in planning. It is based on a new formalization of the concept which proposes that affordances are relations that pertain to the interactions of an agent with its environment. The robot interacts with environments containing different objects by executing its atomic actions and learns the different effects it can create, as well as the invariants of the environments that afford creating that effect with a certain action. This provides the robot with the ability to predict the consequences of its future interactions and to deliberatively plan action sequences to achieve a goal. The study shows that the concept of affordances provides a common framework for studying reactive control, deliberation and adaptation in autonomous robots. It also provides solutions to the major problems in robot planning, by grounding the planning operators in the low-level interactions of the robot.

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38

Ugur, Emre. "A Developmental Framework For Learning Affordances." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612754/index.pdf.

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We propose a developmental framework that enables the robot to learn affordances through interaction with the environment in an unsupervised way and to use these affordances at different levels of robot control, ranging from reactive response to planning. Inspired from Developmental Psychology, the robot&rsquo
s discovery of action possibilities is realized in two sequential phases. In the first phase, the robot that initially possesses a limited number of basic actions and reflexes discovers new behavior primitives by exercising these actions and by monitoring the changes created in its initially crude perception system. In the second phase, the robot explores a more complicated environment by executing the discovered behavior primitives and using more advanced perception to learn further action possibilities. For this purpose, first, the robot discovers commonalities in action-effect experiences by finding effect categories, and then builds predictors for each behavior to map object features and behavior parameters into effect categories. After learning affordances through self-interaction and self-observation, the robot can make plans to achieve desired goals, emulate end states of demonstrated actions, monitor the plan execution and take corrective actions using the perceptual structures employed or discovered during learning. Mobile and manipulator robots were used to realize the proposed framework. Similar to infants, these robots were able to form behavior repertoires, learn affordances, and gain prediction capabilities. The learned affordances were shown to be relative to the robots, provide perceptual economy and encode general relations. Additionally, the affordance-based planning ability was verified in various tasks such as table cleaning and object transportation.

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39

Hermans, Tucker Ryer. "Representing and learning affordance-based behaviors." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51835.

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Autonomous robots deployed in complex, natural human environments such as homes and offices need to manipulate numerous objects throughout their deployment. For an autonomous robot to operate effectively in such a setting and not require excessive training from a human operator, it should be capable of discovering how to reliably manipulate novel objects it encounters. We characterize the possible methods by which a robot can act on an object using the concept of affordances. We define affordance-based behaviors as object manipulation strategies available to a robot, which correspond to specific semantic actions over which a task-level planner or end user of the robot can operate. This thesis concerns itself with developing the representation of these affordance- based behaviors along with associated learning algorithms. We identify three specific learning problems. The first asks which affordance-based behaviors a robot can successfully apply to a given object, including ones seen for the first time. Second, we examine how a robot can learn to best apply a specific behavior as a function of an object’s shape. Third, we investigate how learned affordance knowledge can be transferred between different objects and different behaviors. We claim that decomposing affordance-based behaviors into three separate factors— a control policy, a perceptual proxy, and a behavior primitive—aids an autonomous robot in learning to manipulate. Having a varied set of affordance-based behaviors available allows a robot to learn which behaviors perform most effectively as a function of an object’s identity or pose in the workspace. For a specific behavior a robot can use interactions with previously encountered objects to learn to robustly manipulate a novel object when first encountered. Finally, our factored representation allows a robot to transfer knowledge learned with one behavior to effectively manipulate an object in a qualitatively different manner by using a distinct controller or behavior primitive. We evaluate all work on a bimanual, mobile-manipulator robot. In all experiments the robot interacts with real-world objects sensed by an RGB-D camera.

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40

Larre-Perez, Margaux. "Affordances, représentations motrices et objets visuels." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0111.

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Cette thèse a pour but d'évaluer dans quelle mesure la simple vue d'objets ayant une fonction (ce que nous appelons «outils») pourrait faciliter les différentes actions qui leur sont associées. Autrement dit, la perception des outils pourrait-elle activer les représentations motrices liées aux postures manuelles structurelles (c'est-à-dire liées à la forme, taille et orientation des objets), mais également aux postures manuelles fonctionnelles correspondantes (c'est-à-dire liées à l'usage et à la manipulation des objets)? De nombreux auteurs ont montré que l'on observe une meilleure performance pour des appariements stimulus-réponse dans lesquels la réponse à effectuer partage des caractéristiques compatibles avec la saisie de l'objet présenté comme stimulus. Ces effets suggéreraient que les objets visuels activent automatiquement les représentations structurelles qui leurs sont associées en raison de leurs caractéristiques volumétriques. Nous avons questionné cette interprétation en montrant que ces effets pourraient être causés par l'activation conjointe de représentations structurelles avec les représentations motrices fonctionnelles liées aux actions associées à l'usage de ces objets. Nous soutenons ainsi que les objets visuels potentialisent ces deux types de représentations motrices. Nous suggérons également que l'orientation de l'attention visuelle joue un rôle clé dans ce phénomène : les parties distinctes d'un objet pourraient contribuer différemment aux phénomènes de facilitation motrice En particulier, nous voulons souligner l'importance de la partie structurelle pour la facilitation des actions structurelles et fonctionnelles associées aux objets visuels
The goal of this thesis is to evaluate to which extent the mere seeing of objects having a function (i. E. "tools") could facilitate their associated actions. More specifically, the question is to determine whether perceiving tools is enough to activate associated structural hand movements (i. E. Linked to their shape, size, and orientation) but also associated functional hand movements (i. E. Linked to their conventional use and manipulation). Several authors have shown a better performance for stimulus-response pairing in which the response shares features compatible with grasping actions towards the object presented as a stimulus (Tucker & Ellis, 1998, 2001, 2004; Ellis & Tucker, 2000). These effects suggested that visual objects could automatically activate associated structural representations because of their volumetric features (size, shape, orientation in space). We tried to challenge this view by showing that these effects could be caused by a common activation of structural and also of functional motor representations associated to an object use. Thus, we have shown that it is possible that visual objects facilitate these two types of motor representations. Specifically, we suggest that the orientation of visual attention could contribute differently to the phenomenon of motor facilitation. We tried to emphasize the importance of drawing attention to an object structural part for the facilitation effect to occur both for structural and functional motor representations

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41

Ivan, Kunjasic. "Biological Affordances & Aesthetics of Interaction." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-174376.

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If you could trap a moment of painful sorrow or a deep joy, what form would you like to keep? This project is exploring how designing with biology can allow new sets of affordances and ways of expressing and interacting with the artifacts. Hence to this idea, the researcher is exploring the concept of crystalizing tears and turning them to gold, both metaphorically and literally. Showcasing how wearable made of living things could allow us more humane, poetic, and symbiotic relationships, compare to transactional interactions we currently have with wearables based on computation. As the outcome of the project, the researcher uses a biochemical phenomenon to commemorate chapters in life. Beyond that, the researcher is opening a field of what could be possible in the context of designing with biology and biological matters, how we are going to use them, and what kind of relationship we could build, as we move from machines to organisms, from pixels to cells. In its core, the researcher desired to show that Interaction designers must become material researchers, rather than inhabiting in the realm of familiar mediums. And this is what this thesis is all about, and hopefully, it does not stop there.

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42

Decker, Elizabeth Florence. "A city for Marc: an inclusive urban design approach to planning for adults with autism." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17606.

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Master of Landscape Architecture
Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional + Community Planning
Mary Catherine (Katie) Kingery‐Page
The generation of diagnosed autistic children is aging, calling on needed research for what will happen to autistic adults. Cities are outfitted to non-autistic people, typically created for an idealized individual without disability or limitation. Urban environments add to sensory overload, have limited mass transit accessible to those with neurological disabilities, provide few affordable housing units, offer very little employment opportunity, and have no green spaces designed for those with autism or other differences. Typical urban design does not take into account the landscape and urban affordances needed by adults with autism. This project synthesizes a toolkit including the following needs for adults with autism: vocational training, life skills, mental and physical health support, employment, public transportation and affordable housing. Using the initial theoretical urban systems toolkit, I conducted an evaluation and synthesized proposal for Nashville, Tennessee, a large city that ranks within the nation among the lowest for cost-of-living (e.g. groceries, housing, and utilities). The outcome of the evaluation and synthesis is a diagrammatic infographic conveying existing and needed services within Nashville, as well as connectivity of needs for adults with autism. From the diagrammatic proposal, the initial theoretical urban systems toolkit is revised, reflecting upon the findings through the evaluation of Nashville, Tennessee. The final theoretical urban systems toolkit and diagrammatic proposal for Nashville, Tennessee provides exploratory research for city planners, architects, and landscape architects to design for cities inclusive of adults with autism, as well as other neurological disabilities or limitations. This additional layer of design not only contributes to the social and environmental well-being of individuals with autism, but also contributes to the entire urban community. Urban design as an approach to planning for adults with autism contributes a new disciplinary perspective to the discourse on planning for a maturing autistic population.

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43

Erasmus, Anine Carolien. "Exploring the value of collaboration between music therapy and physiotherapy in South Africa in sessions with clients with Cerebral Palsy." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29126.

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Literature has indicated that music therapy has many physical benefits for individuals with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and that these benefits hold much potential for music therapy application within physiotherapy sessions. Collaboration between music therapy and physiotherapy in work with these individuals, however, has not yet been explored in a South African context and no studies include physiotherapists‟ perspectives on the matter. This research study has begun to bridge this gap by exploring music therapy and physiotherapy collaboration in a South African context and by looking for new insights concerning physiotherapists‟ perspectives. Data for this study was collected from a process in which I, as music therapy student, collaborated with a physiotherapist in sessions with clients with CP over a period of six sessions. Data included semi-structured interviews with physiotherapist participants; session notes written by the music therapy student as part of participant observation; and video-excerpts of meaningful moments from the collaborative sessions. The data indicated that collaboration has the potential to afford many physical, emotional/relational and psychological benefits for clients with CP, although there were some challenging features which also emerged throughout the process. The different therapists‟ perceptions also revealed some of the collaborative dynamics which can emerge during such a process, as well insights as into the requirements for effective collaboration. Copyright
Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Music
unrestricted

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44

Fernhede, Frida, and Nora Svensson. "Affordance och formspråk för fiender i spel : Affordance och formspråks inverkan på förståelsen för fienders funktion i spel." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19803.

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Denna studie ämnar att undersöka hur fienders formspråk påverkar deras uppfattade funktion i en spelkontext. Studier om formspråk, affordance och stereotyper lade grund för arbetet. Fyra versioner av en artificiell skärmdump från ett fiktivt spel skapades där huvudkaraktären i spelet precis stött på en av fyra olika fiender. Fyra fiender, en huvudkaraktär och en bakgrund skapades och sattes samman för att göra skärmdumpen så autentisk som möjligt. Utifrån detta hölls kvalitativa studier i form av intervjuer där deltagarna fick analysera artefakterna. Utifrån studiens resultat går det att dra få slutsatser om formspråket, däremot dras slutsatsen att kulturella och biologiska affordanser trumfar formspråkets affordance och att affordance är multifaktoriellt. Då spel är ett interaktivt medium är det väsentligt för spel att förlita sig på kulturella och biologiska affordanser för att spelaren ska begripa spelet, vilket gör det svårt att skapa en spelkontext med fiender utan kulturella affordanser i syfte att utforska formspråk.

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45

Dogar, Mehmet Remzi. "Using Learned Affordances For Robotic Behavior Development." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608695/index.pdf.

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&ldquo
Developmental robotics&rdquo
proposes that, instead of trying to build a robot that shows intelligence once and for all, what one must do is to build robots that can develop. A robot should go through cognitive development just like an animal baby does. These robots should be equipped with behaviors that are simple but enough to bootstrap the system. Then, as the robot interacts with its environment, it should display increasingly complex behaviors. Studies in developmental psychology and neurophysiology provide support for the view that, the animals start with innate simple behaviors, and develop more complex behaviors through the differentiation, sequencing, and combination of these primitive behaviors. In this thesis, we propose such a development scheme for a mobile robot. J.J. Gibson'
s concept of &ldquo
affordances&rdquo
provides the basis of this development scheme, and we use a formalization of affordances to make the robot learn about the dynamics of its interactions with its environment. We show that an autonomous robot can start with pre-coded primitive behaviors, and as it executes its behaviors randomly in an environment, it can learn the affordance relations between the environment and its behaviors. We then present two ways of using these learned structures, in achieving more complex, voluntary behaviors. In the first case, the robot still uses its pre-coded primitive behaviors only, but the sequencing of these are such that new more complex behaviors emerge. In the second case, the robot uses its pre-coded primitive behaviors to create new behaviors.

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46

CRIVELLI, DAVIDE. "Agentività in interazione. Neuropsicologia delle affordances sociali." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1736.

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Le interazioni sociali richiedono che un agente sia in grado di selezionare ed elaborare informazioni ambientali rilevanti, che sia situato in un contesto complesso, e che interagisca con altri agenti, rispettando le opportunità e i vincoli di contesto. Riconoscere noi stessi e gli altri come agenti intenzionali è un passaggio cruciale per il processo generale di comprensione sociale e, in particolare, per la nostra capacità di percepire le intenzioni e gli scopi altrui. Tali competenze sociali sostengono il nostro sviluppo fisico, cognitivo e affettivo promuovendo interazioni adattive. Di conseguenza, una disfunzione di tali competenze può compromettere gravemente l’autonomia e la qualità di vita. Si ritiene che un sistema distribuito medi la percezione di agentività e degli stati mentali altrui, ma la struttura interna dei processi che costituiscono la nostra capacità di comprendere i nostri simili e di interagire adeguatamente è tuttora per buona parte sconosciuta. Il progetto ha come obiettivo indagare le fasi iniziali di tali processi e, in particolare, l’elaborazione precoce di cues sociali (social affordances) per la detezione di agentività e opportunità d’interazione in contesti sociali. È strutturato in tre studi principali: il primo mira a esplorare i correlati elettrofisiologici (ERPs e dati di source localization) dell’elaborazione di informazioni visive per la detezione di agentività in interazione; il secondo mira a indagare possibili marcatori (ERPs) del profilo delle competenze di comprensione sociale associate alla sindrome di Williams; il terzo ha testato, tramite TMS, il ruolo causale di rTPJ nel mediare l’elaborazione pre-riflessiva di agentività e intenzionalità nel comportamento osservato.
Social interactions require an agent to be able to select and process relevant environmental information, to be situated in a complex context and to interact with other agents, according to the opportunities and boundaries of that context. Sensing ourselves and detecting others as intentional agents is a crucial step for the overall social understanding process and, in particular, for our ability to perceive others’ intentions and goals. Those social skills foster our physical, cognitive and affective development by promoting adaptive interactions. Consequently, a dysfunction of such skills can seriously affect the autonomy and quality of life. A distributed system is thought to subserve the perception of agency and others’ mental states, but the internal structure of processes that constitute our ability to understand our similars and interact adequately is still largely unknown. This project aimed at investigating early stages of those processes and, in particular, the initial elaboration of social cues (social affordances) for the detection of agentivity and opportunities for interaction in social situations. It is structured in three main empirical studies: the first one aimed at looking electrophysiological correlates (ERPs and source localization data) of visual information processing for the detection of agency in interactions; the second one aimed at looking for possible markers (ERPs) of the uneven profile of basic WS social understanding; the third one tested the causal role of rTPJ in mediating pre-reflective processing of agency and intentionality from observed behaviour by means of TMS.

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47

Gross, David Charles. "AFFORDANCES IN THE DESIGN OF VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4376.

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Human-computer interaction design principles largely focus on static representations and have yet to fully incorporate theories of perception appropriate for the dynamic multimodal interactions inherent to virtual environment (VE) interaction. Theories of direct perception, in particular affordance theory, may prove particularly relevant to enhancing VE interaction design. The present research constructs a conceptual model of how affordances are realized in the natural world and how lack of sensory stimuli may lead to realization failures in virtual environments. Implications of the model were empirically investigated by examining three affordances: passability, catchability, and flyability. The experimental design involved four factors for each of the three affordances and was implemented as a 2 [subscript IV] [superscript 4-1] fractional factorial design. The results demonstrated that providing affording cues led to behavior closely in-line with real-world behavior. More specifically, when given affording cues participants tended to rotate their virtual bodies when entering narrow passageways, accurately judge balls as catchable, and fly when conditions warranted it. The results support the conceptual model and demonstrate 1) that substituting designed cues via sensory stimuli in available sensory modalities for absent or impoverished modalities may enable the perception of affordances in VEs; 2) that sensory stimuli substitutions provide potential approaches for enabling the perception of affordances in a VE which in the real world are cross-modal; and 3) that affordances relating to specific action capabilities may be enabled by designed sensory stimuli. This research lays an empirical foundation for a science of VE design based on choosing and implementing design properties so as to evoke targeted user behavior
Ph.D.
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Industrial Engineering and Management Systems

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48

Rea, Andrew J. Insko Chester A. "Affordance of personality traits in interdependence situations." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2244.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Psychology." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.

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49

Still, Jeremiah Daniel. "Conceptualizing design affordances from a cognitive perspective." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.

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50

Farrell, Tracie. "Affordances of learning analytics for mediating learning." Thesis, Open University, 2018. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57621/.

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Learning analytics acceptance and adoption is a socio-technological endeavour. Understanding how learning analytics impact practice is an important part of demonstrating their value. In the study presented in this thesis, "Mediated Learning" provides a framework through which to describe how learning analytics can impact psychological, social and material aspects of learning, from the perspective of educators and learners. It also offers a structure through which to make recommendations for improving the mediatory effects of learning analytics. A qualitative research design, based on "Grounded Theory" was implemented and 10 educators from 3 European universities were recruited through convenience and purposive sampling for exploratory interviews. A subsequent case study of the Open University provided critical perspectives from both educators (n=18) and learners (n=22) about the institutional, departmental, domain-related and epistemological factors that broadly influence perceptions of learning analytics. The study applied "Affordance Theory" to identify what participants were most easily able to recognise as beneficial to their own practice. Participant contributions were open-coded to uncover emerging themes and then organised into thematic categories and subcategories. Respondent validation, as well as triangulation of data between the exploratory interviews and focus groups support the validity of the study. Findings suggested that domain-related epistemological assumptions and previous experience influence how and why an individual could make use of learning analytics insights. Gaining stakeholder acceptance involves targeting the right training and opportunities at the appropriate disciplines. Findings also indicate that learning analytics has the strongest mediatory effect for learners when the technology is capable of exposing them to other learners' strategies, or when it assists them personally, and continually in goal orientation adoption. The implications of the study are important for higher education institutions looking to implement large-scale learning analytics initiatives, in particular, those with a diverse student body.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Affordans'

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