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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Afghani'
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Asmal, Muhammad Zakaria. "From Afghani to Khomeini : the state in modern Islamic political thought." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13417.
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Roy, Sylvain. "Le rubâb afghani, étude historique, musicologique et organologique d'un luth d'Asie Centrale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100154.
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La présente thèse porte sur la circulation du rubâb afghan en Asie Centrale et en Occident. Elle s'inscrit dans une perspective anthropologique et historique dont l'objet est de rendre compte de l'évolution organologique et typologique de l'instrument, dans différents pays où il est pratiqué. L'accent est mis sur la genèse de ce luth à table en parchemin, notamment à partir d'analyses comparatives de la morphologie des différents rubâbs centrasiatiques. Grâce à des modélisations et une approche expérimentale innovante, on a examiné les relations structurelles et typologiques entre cet instrument et les autres rubâbs ou luths similaires. On a ainsi pu constater qu’il n’y a aucune filiation entre ces instruments et le rubâb afghan. Un examen approfondi de certaines vièles de ces régions met en évidence des similitudes frappantes avec l’instrument. On a tenté d'apporter une réponse quant à une éventuelle parenté de la vièle jusqu'au luth, hypothèse qui est également envisagée sous l'éclairage de données historiques, philologiques et organologiques. L'analyse comparative des différents instruments repose sur une abondante source iconographique, accompagné de modélisations et d'expérimentations organologiques. Cette recherche souligne les différents types de rubâb afghan, mises en relation avec les exigences des différents répertoires où ils sont utilisés. Enfin on a abordé la pratique du rubâb afghan en Occident, ce qui pose la question des nouveaux moyens mis en œuvre pour assurer une transmission du savoir et des savoir-faire, en l'absence de contact direct ou suivi avec un maîtreThis thesis focuses on the diffusion of the Afghan rubâb in Central Asia as well as in the occidental Western countries. It is part of an anthropological and historical perspective, which tends account the organological and typological evolution of the instrument in the different countries where it is practiced. The emphasis is placed on the genesis of the parchment sounding board lute, in particular through morphological comparative analyses of various rubâbs bodies from Central Asia. Thanks to the modelings and an innovative and experimental approach we examined the structural and typological relationships between this instrument and other rubâbs or similar lutes. It has thus been found that there is no filiation between these instruments and the Afghan rubâb. A closer look at some of the bowed lutes from these areas highlights striking similarities with the Afghan rubâb. An attempt has been made to answer the question of a possible relationship between one bowed lute and the Afghan rubâb, a hypothesis which is also considered in the light of historical, philological and organological data. The comparative analysis of the various instruments is based on an abundant iconographic source, accompanied by modeling and organological experiments. This research results in a typology of the Afghan rubâbs, in relation with the requirements of the different repertoires where they are used. Finally, the practice of rubâb in the West has been discussed, under the question of the new means used to ensure the transmission of knowledge and know-how with the absence of direct contact with or follow-up with a master
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Sever, Aytek. "A Pan-islamist In Istanbul: Jamal Ad-din Afghani And Hamidian Islamism, 1892-1897." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612440/index.pdf.
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Sayyid Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani was a prominent pan-Islamist of the nineteenth century. His appeal of Muslim unity as a common front against the West and call for a regeneration of Islamic societies opened up the way for a new type of politics in Muslim lands and constituted a model for the Islamist discourse. This study examines his stay in Istanbul as a guest of the Ottoman Sultan, Abdulhamid II, between 1892-1897.
The rule of Abdulhamid involved policies centered around the Caliphate. His enthronement coincided with the dramatic changes of the period 1876-1882. Under the external and domestic circumstances of the era Abdulhamid developed his
own Islamism with pan-Islamic overtones. His ideology was primarily intended to ensure the integrity of the Empire. Its external aspect involved pan-Islamic appeals to Muslims outside the Empire as an intended weapon against Western powers.
In this study, the stay of Afghani in Istanbul is analyzed with respect to the background of Hamidian (pan-)Islamism and Afghani
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Hewad, Maroof. "Bilingualism, Integration in schools and effects on Social identity : A qualitative study on how language shape social identity of secondgeneration Afghani children in a Swedish context." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Barn, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-172691.
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Immigration is a common phenomenon in contemporary society and results in challenges withmaintaining cultural identity while integrating with a new culture. This is particularlyimportant in the family unit, where first-generation immigrant communities may havedifferent levels of experience and cultural values compared to their offspring (Secondgeneration immigrants). Integration in second-generation immigrants is often related tobilingualism and the concept of a dual social identity, embracing elements of host and nativeculture. The aim of this study was to explore the perspective of parents on the role ofbilingualism on integration and identity in their children. A sample of five families, originallyfrom Afghanistan and now living in Sweden, was purposively selected to complete semistructured interviews exploring bilingualism, social identity and integration. The findings ofthese interviews revealed three key themes relating to the adoption of Swedish identity bychildren, the loss of Afghani identity, and the role of the school and society in facilitatingthese identities.Overall, the interview data suggested that children living in Sweden identified as Swedish andengaged in cultural and social activities consistent with integration. Bilingualism was animportant aspect of holding a largely Swedish identity, although parents valued dual identityof children. Often, immersion in Swedish culture and limited opportunities to socialise as anAfghani cultural unit were viewed as threats to maintaining or developing a clear Afghaniidentity. The role of schools, parents and society in general is considered important in theseprocesses, particularly with regards to supporting cultural and religious values of the familyunit, while promoting successful integration. Bilingualism was universally viewed as apositive tool that could facilitate integration and dual identity, where suitable opportunitiesarose.Grade A
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Button, Rebecca. "A preliminary qualitative investigation into the relationship between pre-, peri- and post-migration factors/experiences and the psychological well-being of adolescent male Afghani asylum seekers living in the UK." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48391/.
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This qualitative study explores the influence of pre-, peri- and post-migration experiences on the psychological well-being of adolescent male Afghani asylum seekers living in the UK. It aims to provide a preliminary investigation of these experiences using the participants’ own voice in order to contribute towards addressing a gap in the research field and guide ongoing outreach, social and clinical work with this population, both locally, and nationally. Eight adolescent Afghani asylum seekers completed semi-structured interviews which were analysed using a thematic, template-driven approach. Findings were comparative with existing literature and theoretical underpinnings highlighting the ongoing and compounding nature of experiences throughout each stage of Bhugra and Jones’ (2001) model of migration. Although the psychosocial well-being of this group was shown to gradually deteriorate throughout the migration process, the study found that the course of well-being fluctuated in line with the respective loss or restoration of components of Witmer, Sweeney, and Myers’ (1998) wheel of wellness and Silove’s (1999) psychological sub-systems. Participants discussed a period of psychological well-being during their early arrival in the UK, before a period of psychological maladjustment thereafter coinciding with the UK’s asylum-seeking process. The study developed existing theoretical knowledge by uniquely applying different models to an under-researched, vulnerable and increasing population. Findings also generated useful practical and clinical implications and established a good rapport with the local Afghani community such that future research can continue with the suggestions made.
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Rashid, Haroon. "A Broadcasting Model for Afghanistan Based on Its National Development Strategy." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1212183178.
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Azimi, Mastoura. "La didactique de l’écrit en FLE dans le contexte afghan : Enjeux et perspectives : Le cas des étudiants afghans de l’université de Kaboul." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2003.
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L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est l’étude de la didactique de l’écrit en français comme langue étrangère (FLE) dans le contexte afghan. L’étude a été menée à travers les copies d’un groupe d’étudiants afghans du Département de français de l’université de Kaboul.L’enseignement du français, avec une ancienneté de plus d’un siècle, est repris et est pratiqué dans plusieurs centres à Kaboul et dans quelques provinces. Au niveau universitaire, le Département de français, un des dix départements de langues de la faculté des lettres de l’université de Kaboul, reçoit, depuis 50 ans, les étudiants afghans. Ceux-ci, héritiers d’une culture d’apprentissage traditionnelle et attachés à des idées et à des coutumes anciennes, sont confrontés à un enseignement très différent : communicatif voire actionnel. Dès lors, le processus d’enseignement se trouve fragilisé et les élèves se montrent particulièrement réfractaires à une proposition d'enseignement reposant sur une nouvelle méthodologie. Face à ces étudiants qui ont des profils très différents (niveau socioculturel, profil linguistique, convictions religieuses, origines ethnique et géographique, etc.), comment, en tant qu’enseignant de FLE, peut-on proposer un enseignement efficace du français ? Comment peut-on participer à l’ouverture culturelle des étudiants à travers notre enseignement ? Quels sont les facteurs qui influencent fortement le niveau linguistique initial de nos étudiants ? Puis, quels sont les facteurs qui influent sur leur apprentissage ? Ces questions découlent de la question générale suivante : comment améliorer l’enseignement/apprentissage de la compétence écrite auprès des étudiants du Département de français de l’université de Kaboul ? Pour trouver des éléments de réponse à ces problématiques, nous avons basé toute notre étude sur une observation détaillée du contexte d’apprentissage, du profil des apprenants et de leurs productions écrites, à tous les niveaux du cursus de ce Département de français. Nous avons cherché, ainsi, à déterminer quelles stratégies pourrons-nous adopter pour faire avancer les étudiants afghans vers une meilleure correction de l’écrit ?This aim of this research was to study the writing didactics of French as a foreign language (FLE) in the Afghan context. The study was conducted through the written work of Afghan students group from the French Department of Kabul University. The teaching of French language with more than a century antiquity is retaken and practiced at several centres in Kabul as well as in some provinces. Furthermore, at university level, the French Department, which is one of 10 departments of literature faculty of Kabul University, is engaged with teaching of French language for over 50 years to the Afghan students. Indeed, the elements of traditional learning culture with old ideas, and customs all together impact negatively the teaching and learning process. Therefore, the teaching process is significantly suffered from weaknesses. Another concern is the reluctance of students to the new teaching methodology proposals. Considering the students socio-cultural background, linguistic abilities, religious beliefs, ethnic and geographical origin, to name a few, how as a teacher of FLE, we can promote an effective French language teaching approach? How we can participate in the cultural opening of students through our teaching? What are the factors that strongly influence the initial language level of our students? Subsequently, what are the factors that influence their learning? These questions are arising from the following major question: how to improve the teaching / learning of written French in order to maximize students’ benefits of the French Department? In order to address to these issues, we have based our entire study on a detailed observation of learning context, learners 'profile and learners' productions, at all levels of the French Department's curriculum of Kabul University. In addition, we are searching to determine which strategy could we adopt to move forward the Afghan students towards better writing correction?
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Baden, John Kenneth. "Through Disconnection and Revival: Afghan American Relations with Afghanistan, 1890-2016." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1530504934458712.
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Asas, Naim Abdul. "La représentation afghane." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010275.
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La représentation est un fait social qui absorbe l'individu, un paramètre de la socialisation qui lie l'individu à la société et une catégorie de pensée pour interpréter le inonde. Elle est déterminée par le contexte social et provoque un comportement et elle est une notion en relation avec les changements sociaux. Bref, la représentation est l'interaction de l'individu avec la société. C'est aussi l'influence de la société sur ses sujets. La représentation de soi et l'autre est en lien directe avec les stratégies identitaires et détermine la communication sociale des individus. L'identité est socialement construite en référence à ses groupes d'appartenances face à l'autre et la mémoire collective.
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Abedin, Aida. "Afghan Women in Sweden: A Qualitative Study of Their Socio-Cultural Integration and Sense of Belonging." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21841.
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This study aims to investigate on the social and cultural integration experiences of Afghan women in Sweden, in terms of their social networks and their socio-cultural practices. In addition, this paper questions where the Afghan women feel belonging to and what factors shape this sense of belonging. For this reason, a qualitative methodology is applied and the data is compiled through semi-structured interviews with ten Afghan women residing in Malmö, Sweden, with using both focus group interviews and individual interviews as the data collecting procedures. The concepts of socio-cultural integration, sense of belonging and social network have been utilized as the theoretical and conceptual frameworks of the study. With regards to social networks, this research intends to investigate on the social interactions of the participants with people of their own ethnic group and also with Swedes. Regarding the socio-cultural practices, the eating habits and the holiday celebration and participation of Afghan women participating in the research are examined as indicators of their cultural integration. The findings of the study reveal that language proficiency is considered as the key factor for socio-cultural integration among the participants. In general, the participants experience different levels of social interactions both with other Afghans and with Swedes. The study also shows that while the participants are committed to the Afghan cultural practices such as eating Afghan foods and celebrating their holidays, they also welcome some of the Swedish cultural practices. In addition, mutual respect has a fundamental place in Afghan women‟s interactions with the host culture and values. Moreover, the participants of this study experience different notions of belonging, and factors such as their family ties, safety, and discrimination vs. acceptance shape their feeling of belonging to both Sweden and Afghanistan. In general, the findings of this study confirm Beg‟s statement (2005) that Afghan women are not a homogenous group, and experience different varieties of socio-cultural integration and different notions of belonging.
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Sayle, Wazhma. "Afghan Diplomacy in Steering Peace : Inept Afghan diplomacy and challenges to the peace settlement." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-106815.
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This research paper highlights the prospects and challenges of ongoing peace process efforts.Since February 2020, peace talks among Taliban and Afghan government have been a historicalmoment for long awaiting peace to come to Afghanistan.The Afghan nation, the world, and regional players have embraced this historic milestone andare determined to support the Afghan government's efforts for peace, and the Taliban have beenencouraged to take a strategic posture in peace talks, trying to achieve a long-term outcome.This study aims to recognize the ongoing development in the peace process in light of eventstaken place in the Afghan diplomacy to steer peace. The prospective of peace is examined bytheories of Charles Webel & Johan Galtung’sa Peace Building and Oliver Richmond’s PeaceFormation if peace will come out of the Intra-Afghan talks. The study also aims to focus onstrengths and weaknesses of the peace negotiation process to identify possible causes andfactors that hinder the peace process.Keywords: Afghanistan, Peace, Intra-Afghan Peace Talks, Peace Formation, Diplomacy, Statebuilding, Ashraf Ghani, Afghan Peace
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Najafizada, Said Ahmad Maisam. "Health Content of Afghan Media." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20173.
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Television has developed dramatically over the past six years in Afghanistan with a potential for providing extensive health information to its viewers, yet little is known about the coverage of health issues on Afghan television.
Using the theories of agenda-setting and framing, and social norms approach this study explored what health-related topics were covered, how they were covered, and what sociocultural practices were broadcasted by the major Afghan private, national televisions.
The study used a sample of six constructed weeks in 2010 of two leading private, national television networks. Firstly, the study found that priority health problems such as maternal and child health, communicable disease and mental health received very less coverage. Secondly, however, individual-level and societal-level causes were blamed equally for the health problems; individual behaviour solutions were the favourite choice of the media, turning a blind eye to government weakness and organizational solutions. Thirdly, self-prescription, religious and traditional health seeking behaviour, and gender inequity were routine practices reflected on television.
As the first content analyses of the coverage of health-related issues in Afghanistan, the study provides public health professions, the Afghan media and policy makers a broad picture of health information available to the public on the leading Afghan television stations.
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Mirzaei, Hossein. "Les immigrés afghans en Iran : une étude anthropologique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3059.
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Les trois millions immigrés afghans en Iran vivent temporairement ou non, légalement ou clandestinement, en situation d’isolement, de groupe, de famille et dans des zones permises. Ce problème migratoire nous amène à nous poser les questions suivantes: 1.Quels sont ces facteurs attractifs en Iran qui provoquent donc l’un des plus grands mouvements migratoires contemporains, malgré des difficultés du voyage et des restrictions existantes sur la terre d’accueil? 2.A quels changements aspirent-t-ils dans leur déplacement ? Comment parviennent-ils à réaliser leurs rêves? 3.Et quelles étapes concrètes et mentales ont-ils traversées pour réaliser leur but ? C’est pour répondre à toutes ces questions que nous avons mené une enquête anthropologique à la suite d’une étude ethnographique pour ensuite en tirer des conclusions. Le premier volet de cette enquête concerne les quatre histoires de vie dont une intégrale. Ainsi, cette partie descriptive va porter sur la migration des Afghans. La deuxième partie va traiter du mode de vie matérielle, au travers de cinq chapitres : L’espace de vie, De l'hygiène corporelle au bien-être psychologique, L’alimentation, L’habillement, L’emploi. Et une troisième partie qui au travers de quatre chapitres va couvrir les liens socio-culturels de cette population : La langue, l’identité et la hiérarchie sociale, Les relations de parenté, Faire des études, Les activités du temps libre. En effet, ces deux parties, vont porter sur les deux volets principaux de la vie de toute immigration où qu’elle ait lieu : à savoir d’une part, les problèmes de « survie » et d’autre part, les aspects relationnels et communicationnels de la « vie »Afghan immigrants in Iran represent about 4 % of the population, live temporarily or not, legally or illegally, in isolation, group, family and allowable and more urban than rural areas.This migration problem leads us to ask the following questions:1. What are these pull factors in Iran thus cause one of the biggest contemporary migratory movements, despite the difficulties of travel and existing restrictions on home soil?2. What changes do they aspire in their movement? How do they manage to achieve their dreams?3. And what concrete steps have mental and they crossed to reach their goal?To answer to these questions we have to conduct an anthropological investigation following by an ethnographic study of long then draw conclusions. The first part concerns the life story of four with an integral. Thus, the descriptive part will focus on the migration of Afghans.The second part will deal with the mode of material life of immigrants, through five chapters : The living space, From personal hygiene to the psychological well-being, Food, The cleverly, Employment.And a third party through four chapters will cover the socio- cultural ties of the population: Language, identity and the social hierarchy, Kinship, Studying, The activities of free time.Indeed, both parties will be focused on two main aspects of the life of any immigration where it takes place: namely the one hand, the problems of "survival" and secondly, the relational aspects communicational and "life.”
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Bhatty, Saad. "Impact of the Afghan refugees on Pakistan." FIU Digital Commons, 1987. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1674.
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There was a massive influx of Afghan refugees into Pakistan following the Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan in December 1979. An attempt has been made here to analyze the political, ethnic, economic and social ramifications of the Afghan refugees on Pakistan. Among the consequences of the presence of Afghan refugees are:
1. A heavy burden on Pakistan's resources on account of sustaining the 2.8 million Afghan refugees
2. Friction between Afghan refugees and the Pakistani population, due to land, employment, animal grazing-pasture and water-supply disputes, and
3. A direct threat to Pakistan's internal security and political stability, which is made evident by numerous violations of Pakistan's western borders by Soviet-Afghan air and ground forces in pursuit of the refugees and Afghan Mujahidin.
The political talks on the Afghan crisis are deadlocked on the question of a Soviet troop withdrawal. The Soviets and Afghans insist on the stoppage of foreign support to the Afghan counterrevolutionaries. The refugees in Pakistan will not return to their homes unless they are insured a safe and honorable life by the Afghan government.
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Swartz, Howard M. "The Soviet-Afghan War in Russian literature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1b5cf666-d10b-4df2-9a71-967cb98d5b46.
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This thesis is an historical and literary investigation of the treatment of the 1979- 89 Soviet-Afghan War in contemporary Russian literature. The texts chosen for study include official and unofficial literature, written within the former USSR as well as abroad, and cover publicistic writing, poetry, and prose fiction. These works are described and analyzed with a two-fold purpose: to explore creative trends found in the literature of this subject, and to evaluate the extent to which the genre of Afghan War literature in Russian has changed over the past decade. In order to provide a context for this literature, the introduction describes the method of socialist realism as it applies to military themes, and the legacy of World War Two novels in Russian. The first chapter provides a brief history of Russian-Afghan relations, and an account of the ten-year intervention. The second chapter documents the dissolution of official censorship during the 1980s, revealing dissent over the Soviet military role in Afghanistan. Chapter Three discusses the evolution of the genre of publicistic writing, and documents its unprecedented frankness through revelations made in Soviet journalistic investigations. Chapter Four provides an overview of song and poetry about the conflict, beginning with magnitizdat produced by amateur songwriters, and later including works by professional poets. Chapter Five discusses novels and short stories about the war. A range of fictional works is traced, from propagandistic portrayals, both pro-and anti-Soviet, to non-ideological, personal interpretations which incorporate lyricism, satire, and fantasy. Chapter Six focuses on the works of Aleksandr Prokhanov, a writer who initially used his fiction to support the war effort, and whose oeuvre charts the disintegration of Party consensus on interpretation and depiction of the events in Afghanistan. The final three chapters treat the works of Oleg Ermakov, whose lyricism and stylistic experimentation mark a new direction for recent Russian war fiction. The analysis shows Afghan War literature to signal a radical break with recent official Soviet military writing as shaped by socialist realism. This break is evident in the frankness and subjectivity of publicistic writing, and the anti-war sentiment found in a significant minority of published songs and poems. In particular, Oleg Ermakov's prose continues the past legacy of unofficial, dissident war fiction.
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Jaghori, Beheshta. "Afghan women's experiences during the Taliban regime." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12646.
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A plethora of research has depicted Afghan women during the Taliban reign in a variety of ways, ranging from oppressed “victims of the burqa” to heroic “social actors.” In this study, I examined the lived experiences of women in Afghanistan under the Taliban regime, as articulated by ordinary women themselves. Data from 11 women were gathered through the use of individual interviews, and analyzed using Miles and Hubermans’ (1994) analytic framework. Themes emerged that described the Taliban regime’s policies regarding Afghan women, the overall responses of women to the policies, including the impact of those policies at the time (1996-2001), the ongoing impact, and the situation of women in the post-Taliban era.
The Taliban regime’s anti-women policies denied women education, employment, and freedom of movement. Those who committed any infractions were met with severe punishment. The impact of these policies led to various psychological effects, including: anxiety, fear, and symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress. Despite the condemnable restrictions, Afghan women’s agency, no matter how limited, was present and continuously exercised on different occasions. Despite the gains for some women, eight years after the removal of the Taliban regime, Afghan women still do not appear to have made substantive progress with regard to oppressive customs, violence, and their position in Afghan society. The study results and their analysis is especially timely, given the increasing Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan, and the looming possibility of a resurrected Taliban rule in the country.
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Malik, Abdul Hamid Masood Alauddin. "Impelled Afghan migration to Pakistan, 1978-1984." Peshawar : Area Study Centre, 2000. http://books.google.com/books?id=8vttAAAAMAAJ.
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Duffy, Sean Edward. "SHELL GAME: THE U.S. - AFGHAN OPIUM RELATIONSHIP." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202706.
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The United States has shaped the global response to drugs over the last century. Afghanistan, and its resultant massive opium production, is the greatest failure of the internationalization of the American-led war on drugs. Starting during the Progressive-era, the United States backed a prohibitionist stance toward certain drugs, including opium and its derivatives. While Afghanistan was creating its own opium policies after complete independence from Great Britain, the United States pushed a global anti-drug approach. Despite having minimal contact previously, the Americans and Afghans joined in a brief, but significant, opium alliance during the Second World War, with the United States secretly purchasing the bulk of Afghan opium. After the war, the United States publicly asked Afghanistan to end opium cultivation while suggesting in private that the Afghans should continue production. At the United Nations, the Americans sabotaged the Afghans' attempt to get legal international recognition as an opium exporter. The United States did respond to Afghanistan's destitute condition by supplying developmental aid that would have the unforeseen consequence of increasing poppy cultivation. Improved transportation networks also provided opportunities for Western youth to visit Afghanistan as drug tourists and couriers. During the 1970s, the decade before the Soviet invasion, Washington's concern over Afghan opium reached the highest level of government. Despite new efforts to replace opium as a cash-producing plant, Afghan drug production steadily increased. With Afghanistan on the verge of transforming into a global producer of heroin, the United States fomented unrest in the nation by first funding and then backing known drug traffickers. Along with Soviet aggression, the American intelligence program led to chaotic conditions that were capitalized on by drug traffickers. After years of war in the 1980s and 1990s, Afghanistan gained the dubious title of the world's most prolific narco-state. After the post-9/11 invasion, with American boots on the ground for over a decade, Afghanistan remained a major source for opium. As a result, Afghanistan was the most visible breakdown of the American global war against drugs.
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Moussavi, Bibi Fakhereh. "Les mobilisations des femmes Afghanes nées et socialisées en Iran après la révolution de 1979." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2048.
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Cette thèse porte sur la question de la mobilisation de la nouvelle génération des femmes en Afghanistan après 2001. Elle interroge d’abord l’existence d’un mouvement féministe, selon les significations des outils théoriques occidentaux. Ensuite, elle analyse la mobilisation des femmes à partir des éléments qui provoquent une mobilisation pour la transformation socialeet politique afin d’assurer les droits des femmes : ceux qui ont un impact important sur la société comme la politique ou l’économie qui ne laisse pas la place aux femmes pour s’exprimer librement. La nouvelle génération des femmes qui ont grandi sous la Révolution et les théories des révolutionnaires s’engagent progressivement dans un combat pour le droit et la démocratie sous l’influence du développement : la modernisation économique, l’éducation, l’immigration et la mondialisationThis thesis focuses on the topic of mobilization of the new generation of women in Afghanistan after 2001. First, it questions the existence of a feminist movement in Afghanistan, according to the meanings and Western theoretical tools. Then it analyzes themobilization of women from the elements that cause mobilization for social and political transformation to ensure women's rights: those that have a significant impact on society such as politics and economy of both countries which do not leave room for women to express themselves freely. The new generation of women who has grown up under the Revolution andrevolutionary theories has mobilized progressively in a fight for rights and democracy under the influence of development: economic modernization, education, immigration and globalization
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Isaak, Marissa Tamar 1980. "Remembering the Present: Oregon's Afghan-Iraqi Freedom Memorial." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10668.
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xi, 133 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.On Veterans Day 2006, Oregon's governor dedicated the newest addition to the capitol grounds, a memorial fountain commemorating the soldiers killed in the current wars in Afghanistan and Iraq: The Afghan-Iraqi Freedom Memorial. The political contestations surrounding the memorial demonstrate how ideologies become inscribed onto landscapes. After conducting a qualitative analysis including interviewing participants and detractors of the monument, observing the site on multiple occasions, and examining its media coverage, I conclude that the memorial stakes a claim to the meaning of this controversial war long before the fighting is over, it reproduces geopolitical imaginaries promoted by the Bush Administration, and it reconfigures trends in the representation of soldiers. By taking a multi-scalar approach to this research, I am able to combine geopolitical, State-level, and embodied approaches to memorial research. This project furthers the geography literature by exposing the multiple meanings contained in one local commemorative site.
Committee in Charge: Lise Nelson, Chair; Alexander Murphy
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Ames, Todd Trowbridge. "Factors affecting the repatriation of the Afghan refugees." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4274.
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Dorronsoro, Gilles. "La Révolution afghane : du Jihad à la guerre civile." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0034.
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A partir d'une etude de terrain menee entre 1988 et 1993. L'auteur montre dans un premier chapitre les fondements de la socio-genese de l'etat afghan. La revolte qui suit l'arrivee du gouvernement communiste en 1978 conduit a une mise en recit des actions, au depart isolees. Dans une logique de jihad que les partis islamistes peuvent facilement reprendre a leur compte. Les autorites locales qui emergent de la lutte. Les commandants, ont une legitimite de nature differente selon qu'ils sont passes par le lycee (ou l'universite). Proprietaires terriens, ulema ou pir une typologie des modes de pouvoirs selon les commandants fait ressortir la difference fondamentale entre pouvoir de type patrimonial et institutionnel. Distinction qui fonde une typologie des partis afghans. La concentration du pouvoir qui nait de la concurrence entre les parts et les commandants aboutit a une territorialisation des partis. La quetion de l'ethicite devient alors centrale puisque les partis entreprennent une mobilisation de type nationaliste a partir d'identites ethniques souvent mal definies. Le discours des partis a donc des consequences importantes sur les relations inter-ethniques et l'auto-definition des individusThis work is based on a field study carried out from 1988 to 1993. In the first chaper. We show the process of institutionalization of the afghan state. The popular revolts after the communist coup in 1978. Largely uncoordinated at the beginning. Vere understood by the people therselves as part of a jihed. The local authorities or "commandant" vho have energed during the war. Have different types of legitimacy. Depending on their social status (notables. Ulema, pir or educated). Our typology is precisely based on the difference between "patrimonial" power and "institionalized" pover. Besides, the process of concentration of power goes tovard a more territorialized type of political system in afghanistan. The issue of ethnicity is then becoming more and more decisive because the political parties are trying to mobilize the people in the name of so-called nation ou ethny that are generally not well-defined. The discourse of the parties have huge consequences on the state of inter-ethnies relationskip and on the self perception of the individuals
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Kazemiyan, Azam. "A Thousand Splendid Suns; Rhetorical Vision of Afghan Women." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22680.
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Following the attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon, Afghan women suddenly gained high visibility all over the world. Since then, representations of Afghan women in the Western media and notably in the U.S. news media provide a critical concern to scholars. Much of the relevant literature on this topic speaks to the fact that the dominant portrayal of Afghan women in the Western media has shown them as passive victims of war and violence, to be liberated only by the Western military intervention. However, the question remains as to how the popular fictional narratives, as another vivid source of information, represent Afghan women to the Western readers. To address this question, A Thousand Splendid Suns, as a popular novel authored by Khalid Hosseini, an Afghan novelist, was selected. Bormannian fantasy theme analysis of this novel conveys the passivity of women in the context of Afghanistan. The findings reveal that the portrayals of Afghan women in the novel correspond with the images of Afghan women in the Western media. Moreover, an examination of a sample of book reviews of the novel unveils the important contribution of Khalid Hosseini to the Orientalist discourse.
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Chow, Chin Min Edmund. "Afghan theatres since 9/11 : from and beyond Kabul." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/afghan-theatres-since-911-from-and-beyond-kabul(692923e8-e171-41b4-8fc1-1ea44cb7ce6c).html.
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The two most visible representations of Afghanistan are arguably Steve McCurry’s ‘Afghan Girl’ on the cover of National Geographic (June 1985) and Khaled Hosseini’s award-wining novel 'The Kite Runner' (2004). These two products laid the basic premise that images and ideas about Afghanistan have been circulated and commodified worldwide, especially qualities of the exotic, oppressed, and weak. Since print photography and literary works belong to the culture industry, this research seeks to enquire if performing arts, more specifically theatre, projected Afghanistan in similar ways. More precisely, this research asks how Afghan cultures and identities have been represented in the post-9/11 period. Borrowing the circuit of culture model (1997) from Stuart Hall and Paul du Gay, this research then examines ten specific theatre performances within Afghanistan and outside Afghanistan in a spatio-temporal framework illustrating dynamic tensions from, and beyond, Kabul. Case studies from Kabul illustrate that Afghan cultures can be owned and regulated by competing stakeholders, including the Taliban, within its geopolitical boundaries. Case studies from/beyond Kabul show the export of Afghan cultures and performances outside Afghanistan, underscoring tropes of impoverishment and suffering while inviting or inciting international interventions and conciliations. Case studies beyond Kabul tend to imagine ‘Afghanistan’ by offering an ambivalent, and sometimes, contradictory response to the war on terror. This thesis argues that projective closure – the act of filling in absences and gaps to make sense of an Afghan narrative – often circulates and entrenches Afghans in victimhood tropes. Because there are constant fluctuations and contestations at what ‘Afghanistan’ was, is, and should be, Afghanistan as an imagined entity – or a global cultural commodity – becomes more evident. Derek Gregory was right to observe in 'The Colonial Present' (2004) that Afghanistan has been an object of international geopolitical manoeuvrings since the nineteenth century, and, as this thesis will show, even early twenty-first century. But the claw of the “colonial present” does not stem from hostilities enacted by imperial power, but a series of intimate engagements with non-government organisations, government agencies, embassies, foreign theatre directors, and even global audiences who uncritically celebrate narratives of Afghan heroism. This is further complicated by the readiness of local Afghan practitioners to consume and project themselves as victims of war who are in ‘need’ of foreign help. As such, the value that is being demanded and supplied in the global culture industry is still victimhood. Afghan cultures and identities are deeply embedded in contexts – situational, cultural, global – and unless these contexts are collocated and layered upon each other to add nuance to interrogate cultural practices, cultural workers and theatre practitioners continue to run the risks of reproducing conflicts, even if they are beyond the geographical space of Kabul – because the locations of the ‘local’ and ‘global’ are becoming increasingly intertwined.
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Askarzoi, Heela Zubieda. "Domestic violence in the Afghan community| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1590054.
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The purpose of this grant proposal was to develop a program, identify potential funding sources, and write a grant to fund an Afghan domestic violence program that offers culturally competent services to Afghan women survivors of domestic violence in the San Francisco Bay Area. An extensive literature review was conducted to explore how culture affects perceptions of domestic violence within immigrant communities and the ways in which those perceptions can impede access to domestic violence intervention services. Findings show that while violence against women in Afghan culture is a serious problem, awareness about and services for Afghan women and families in the United States for domestic violence are virtually nonexistent. The proposed program will provide Afghan-specific domestic violence direct services, raise community awareness and train mainstream providers on cultural competency. The actual submission and/or funding of this grant proposal were not requirements for the successful completion of this project.
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Kafi, Anaraki Anita. "Cultural Integration : The Case of Afghan Refugees in Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-59927.
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Hussain, S. Iftikhar. "Some major Pukhtoon tribes along the Pak-Afghan border." Peshawar : [Islamabad] : Area Study Centre ; Hanns Seidel Foundation, 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/45951220.html.
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Skaar, Steinar. "The utility of coercion theory in the Afghan conflict." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8872/.
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This thesis examines the utility of coercion theory in complex contemporary conflicts through a study of the Afghan conflict as it unfolded in the provinces of Faryab and Kunduz from 2005 to 2012. The last two decades have produced ample examples of incidents where the UN, international alliances or states have found it necessary to use force in order to coerce states or armed groups to stop unacceptable activities or change their behaviour. However, the potential of military force to induce behavioural change in such conflicts is understudied and poorly understood. In the Afghan conflict the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) together with the Afghan security forces applied force in order to influence the Taliban and other groups who violently opposed the elected government to change their behaviour. Although neither ISAF nor the participating nations had articulated a coercive strategy, force was used consistent with coercion theory on a number of occasions. Coercion theory consists of a number of assumptions and presuppositions, the existence of which should be present on the ground for theory to have utility. This thesis argues that these were generally not, or only to a limited degree present in the Afghan conflict. It further argues that in the cases where ISAF and its Afghan allies applied force consistent with theory, it did generally not translate to the desired outcomes, in particular when coercion represented the dominant effort. This thesis consequently argues that coercion theory is not well suited to provide explanatory power to or predict outcomes in conflicts that are comparable to the conflict in Afghanistan. In particular, theory’s presumption of unitary actors, the rationality presumption and the notion of the credible threat is insufficient. Theory’s notion of coercive mechanisms also assumes a connection between human behaviour and what may influence it that is overly simplistic. This consequently proposes a revised set of assumptions and presuppositions as well as a revised understanding of mechanisms that acknowledges that coercion alone is rarely sufficient to instil sustainable change.
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Boidin, Philippe. "La chirurgie des refugies : compte-rendu d'une experience de 16 mois a peshawar au pakistan." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1M139.
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Oeppen, Ceri. "A Stranger at Home : Integration, Transnationalism and the Afghan Elite." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507005.
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Olszewska, Zuzanna. "Poertry and its Social Cotexts among Afghan Refugees in Iran." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508588.
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Hunter, Marcus S., Aamir Masood, and Khaldon Al-Rawashdeh. "Changing the Afghan cycle of conflict from the outside, in." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5712.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.This study explores the cyclical nature of conflict in Afghanistan and the elusive condition of stability as coalition forces begin their anticipated drawdown in 2011, and complete transition of security to Afghan forces in 2014. Assuming that the basic societal elements of stability require a balancing of political, economic, and security structures to form a sense of national cohesion, this study seeks to determine if national cohesion is sufficient enough to break the cycle of conflict; and if so, what strategy with neighboring countries will foster this cohesion in order to disrupt the cycle of conflict? A regional approach is necessary to buttress any internal strategies attempted within Afghanistan; but to do so, the alliance of partner nations must first begin small and then grow from a strong central core. The core players in the region are Iran, India, and Pakistan, but the nature of their self-interested interactions has proven unprofitable and unsustainable in the long-term. To the degree that these countries can be assisted to move beyond their pursuance of self-interests, to form a cooperative regional alliance, then the goal of regional stability, as well as stability in Afghanistan, can become a reality.
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Haidary, Anita. "CONTROVERCY OVER GRADE REPETITION : Afghan Teachers’ View on Grade Repetition." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-31337.
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Since 75 years research results has failed to change the practice of repetition among the educational community. Research has found grade repetition ineffective and inefficient in terms of academic and socio-emotional development of students. Furthermore repeaters tend to drop out from school earlier and may end up with behavior problems and low self-esteem. Despite strong evidence against the use of repetition majority of teachers around the world practice it, which makes the issue controversial. The reason is likely that research findings are seldom communicated with teachers and parents. As a result teachers mainly rely on their own experiences. Parents and teachers over-focus on the short term benefits of repetioin, and take repetition decisions on unjustified assumptions. Moreover, student’s vioce is largely missed in repetition decission. In Afghanistan a seven fold increase in access to education in the last decad, put pressure on MoE in provission of quality education. Low quality education causes high drop out and repetition rates. On average, these rates are estimated to be 5 % and 19 %, respectively. However there is not much research found that gives a clear idea of repetition reasons. Besides, many studies in developing countries have shown that teachers have an important role in repetition decisions. The general aim of the study was to find whether the theoretical understanding and practical approaches among Afghan teachers differ or are similar to the rest of the world. The particular aim was to find how teachers perceived grade repetition as an educational policy. Most finding of this study corresponds to what has been found in many other studies conducted in developing countries. The fact that teachers, although aware of the negative effects of students’ feelings and self-confidence believed in learning effects of repetition says something about teachers’ understanding of how and when learning occurs best.
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Hakimi, Aziz Ahmed. "Fighting for patronage : American counterinsurgency and the Afghan local police." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2015. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23136/.
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Faize, Geti. "Exploring Generation 1.5 Afghan Experiences of Homemaking and (Be)longing." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41264.
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The literature on migration has typically described those who have migrated out of necessity as being in some form of exile, longing to return to their homeland. Traditionally, it has been applied to first-generation immigrants who strongly identify with their homeland and feel like an “outsider” in their country of settlement. However, there has been little attention paid to generation 1.5 immigrants, those who migrated during childhood or early adolescence. This thesis seeks to explore the settlement experiences of 10 generation 1.5 Afghans. I argue these individuals engage in homemaking strategies as a way to negotiate their identity and belonging in Canada, while also challenging the boundaries of belonging in order to gain full citizenship.
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Momenian, Marziyeh. "A Study of Unaccompanied Afghan Asylum-Seeking Children in Sweden." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23336.
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This study aims to draw attention to the stories of Afghan unaccompanied asylum-seeking children in Sweden; their reasons to leave Afghanistan and to migrate to Sweden, the way that they migrate, and the problems they face during their journey to Sweden are investigated. In order to achieve the aims of this study, a qualitative method is used based on semi-structured interviews. Altogether, eight people are interviewed of which six are Afghan male unaccompanied asylum-seeking children, one is a legal guardian and one is an assistant (behandlingsassistent). Theories such as push and pull factors, migration industry theory, transit migration theory, and social network theory help to understand better the stories of Afghan unaccompanied children while analyzing the data.The data obtained from interviews shows that the children who were leaving Afghanistan had mixed motivations. Factors such as lack of security, violence, threats, individual risks associated with their ethnicity, forced recruitment, economic hardship and political reasons push them to leave Afghanistan. My findings show that the main reason for the children to leave Afghanistan is the harassment and violence against the ethnic group Hazara.Moreover, the data demonstrates that traveling with smugglers and crossing borders, by land or by sea, is a multiple-step procedure for Afghan unaccompanied children. They have many stops along the way and spend lots of time in different transit countries. The journey is full of risks for them. My interviews reveal that transit migration creates a number of problems for these children.In addition, this study indicates that the role of social networks is of great importance for these children. The smugglers create strong incentives for their decision to claim asylum in Sweden. Moreover, co-migrants and friends of friend who live in Europe play a significant role in their decision-making. Furthermore, restrictive legislations as well as lack of protection in transit countries make onward migration inevitable. Other factors, such as the probability of getting a residence permit and family reunification, are important for Afghan unaccompanied children to choose Sweden as a destination country.
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Rodriguez, Jose L. "The Soviet - Afghan War, 1979-1989 failures in irregular warfare /." Quantico, VA : Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA491229.
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Akkoor, Chitra Venkatesh. "Ways of speaking in the diaspora: Afghan Hindus in Germany." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/915.
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In this ethnographic study, I sought to understand the diasporic lives of Afghan Hindus by studying how they discursively constructed their migration and settlement in Germany. By directing attention to their ways of speaking about migration I understood the importance of community and family to the Afghan Hindu way of life, and how the cultural premises of homeland an integral part of their relationships in the diaspora. Speech codes theory is the primary theoretical framework for this ethnographic study.
Research was conducted over four separate visits to Germany lasting from four to ten weeks, beginning in summer of 2005 and ending in December 2008, proceeding in phases. Primary methods used were, participation observation, and in-depth interviews. Sites of research included Afghan Hindu temples and family events.
The main indigenous term used to describe migration was bikharna, which captured spatial dispersal, relational fragmentation, and loss of traditions. The Afghan Hindu meaning of community was premised on physical proximity and relational connection among Afghan Hindus.
The changing meaning of family from the multi-member, multi-generational household of Afghanistan to Western ideas of the nuclear family also figured prominently in ways of speaking about migration. Cultural premises of the homeland continued to inform life in Germany, but were also increasingly being challenged by lifestyle choices of some Afghan Hindus.
The temple in Afghan Hindu diasporic lives emerged as an important place, in discursive constructions of community. What was once a place of worship in the homeland was constructed in the diaspora as a place that could bring the fragmented community together. However, the temple was also contested space, as different groups of people within the speech community had different perspectives on its importance in Afghan Hindu lives.
This study has implications for the study of culture, communication and relationships in the context of diaspora. Ethnography of communication offers an ideal theoretical framework in which to understand diasporic experiences, by examining the underlying rules and premises of everyday lives of diasporic people. As a case study of a refugee diaspora, this study also has implications for scholarship on South Asian diasporas.
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Tora, Julien. "La frontière afghano-pakistanaise et son influence sur la stabilité mondiale." Grenoble : IEP, 2007. http://iepdoc.upmf-grenoble.fr/memoires/pdf/2007/Z7304.pdf.
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Mémoire IEP : Science politique : Grenoble, IEP : 2007.Séminaire : "Règlement pacifique des différends, recours à la force et prévention des conflits internationaux" dirigé par Karine Bannelier-Christakis. Titre provenant de la page de titre numérisée. Bibliogr. p. 109-114.
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Karlsson, Pia, and Amir Mansory. "An Afghan Dilemma: Education, Gender and Globalisation in an Islamic Context." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Education, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7104.
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Afghanistan has a long history of Islamic education while Western type of education (maktab) is of more recent date. The latter type of education has expanded rapidly recently. However, girls’ enrolment remains low, around 35 per cent.
The present study examines children’s, particularly girls’, participation in the two educational systems. Throughout history three conflicting issues are apparent in Afghan education: state control over Islamic education, the role of Islam in education, and girls’ participation. A case study approach has been adopted providing an analysis of how history and the present globalisation processes affect current education, and how students, parents and teachers in two villages perceive the changes. The focus has been on capturing the meaning attached to education.
The findings indicate high expectations on education as a vehicle to peace, enhanced morals and living standards. The traditional madrasas have declined, other forms of Islamic education have emerged. The Mosque schools are neglected by education authorities but highly esteemed by villagers. Concerns are expressed with the amount of time in maktab and with the quality of learning. The Islamic concept of farz (obligation, responsibility) puts both types of education in high demand.
Dilemmas are associated with choosing between Islamic and Western type of education, applying farz to girls’ education and the encounter between Islam and globalisation. Two folk theories, one on globalisation and another on farz in education, were formulated as a basis for the further analysis. Worries are articulated about preserving Islamic values and ethics. Although ‘globalisation’ is a never heard of concept, villagers know some of its features, e.g. secularisation, individualism and consumerism, and fear these may lead to a weakened Islamic identity.
Girls’ education is generally accepted. Albeit some consider a few years enough, most consider girls’ right to education to be identical to boys’, on certain conditions. Besides security, a female teacher is the most important. However, findings from the village with a long established girl school with female teachers indicate that this is not the crucial factor. In Islamic education, girls will continuously be excluded from advanced Islamic studies since female mullahs do not exist.
Apparently, the real obstacles for girls’ education are the strictly segregated gender roles in Afghan society. Therefore, a new interpretation of farz is emerging, a ‘glocalised’ version. This is likely to be a decisive factor for giving girls equal access to education in both educational systems.
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Samad, Khorshied. "Afghan women, media and democracy: Emerging democracy in post-Taliban Afghanistan." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27418.
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The current transformation of post-conflict Afghanistan from a war-torn nation to an emerging democracy, and the evolving role of Afghan women in media, politics, and society in post-Taliban Afghanistan are the backdrop against which the theoretical framework of this thesis are tested. Theories of deliberative democracy are investigated, exploring the synergistic intricacies between media and democracy, assessing the extent to which they influence one another. The central research question guiding this study is what role media play in the midst of or in relation to social change. Through historical data, literary sources and interviews, the thesis demonstrates that post-conflict conditions either facilitate or hinder the development of media and the emergence of democracy. It will be argued that without the equal participation of men and women in society, Afghanistan's emerging democracy will remain weak and vulnerable to both internal and external forces of destruction, blocking the country's path to progress.
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Karlsson, Pia Mansory Amir. "An Afghan dilemma : education, gender and globalisation in an Islamic context /." Stockholm : Institute of International Education, Dept. of Education, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7104.
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Bayly, Martin. "Imagining Afghanistan : British foreign policy and the Afghan polity, 1808-1878." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/imagining-afghanistan(adcfe8fa-9244-4e11-874b-b93c37c55785).html.
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This thesis seeks to provide a cultural history of Anglo-Afghan relations during the nineteenth century. Specifically, it explores the manner in which British perceptions of Afghanistan provided the understandings that guided policy decisions. These understandings did not consist purely of ideas driven by strategic logic. Rather, throughout the nineteenth century, building on the initial works of European travelers, the British developed, refined, and acted upon an amorphous and contested ‘idea’ of Afghanistan; one that was more than simply the function of great power geopolitics. The sources informing this imagined entity were cultural, intellectual, moral, political, and social-scientific, as much as they were emotional. It was an idea, or collection of ideas, that would evolve and become trammeled by events, and ultimately leave a legacy that persists to this day. This thesis aims to make two contributions: firstly, to recover Anglo-Afghan relations from a historiography dominated by great power relations, specifically Anglo-Russian relations and the ‘great game’. Secondly, to contribute to the wider debate on the contributions that imperial history can offer to the International Relations discipline. The thesis develops in three sections. The first section examines how British official knowledge of Afghanistan was constructed through the experience of early British explorers and their published travel accounts, focusing in particular on the works of Mountstuart Elphinstone, Alexander Burnes, and Charles Masson. The second section looks at how key policy decisions leading to the first Anglo-Afghan war were shaped by the knowledge provided by an Afghanistan ‘knowledge community’. The third section on ‘exception’ considers the impact of the first Anglo-Afghan war on diplomatic relations, and charts the emergence of a particular ‘idea’ of Afghanistan mediated by the intellectual and cultural influences of a particular frontier mentality.
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Ogwude, Emmanuel C. "Twelve Years Later: Afghan Humanitarian Aid Workers on War on Terror." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/24.
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Using narrative research study founded in social constructionism, I explored the lived experiences of thirty Afghan humanitarian aid workers in Kabul, Afghanistan, to discover how they experienced the war on terror. Ten participants were individually interviewed and their stories, personal experiences, perceptions, and voices have been presented in this study. I also facilitated a focus group of twenty Afghan NGO directors, and their views are echoed in the study. The participants represented a diversity of different humanitarian service specialties that cater to Afghan individuals, communities, and government agencies in areas such as education, human rights and good governance, food and shelter, to building bridges and infrastructural development. Based on a critical review of existing literature, the interviews addressed significant issues that affect humanitarian aid workers in complex political emergencies. I investigated the sociocultural contexts and structural conditions that enable and inform the personal narratives. There were six main themes that emerged from the participants’ narratives and each main theme had an average of three sub-themes. The resulting themes were: Security/Insecurity; Funding; Trust; Abandonment; Achievement; and Interventionism.
From the analysis of the storied narratives of thirty Afghan humanitarian aid workers in Kabul, Afghanistan, this study was able to create better understanding of how conditions from the war on terror create high-risk environments that expose humanitarian aid workers to kidnappings and violent attacks.
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Theocharidou, Vasiliki. "Lost in transition? : lived experiences of unaccompanied Afghan minors in Greece." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22944.
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This thesis is a qualitative case study that explores the experiences of unaccompanied Afghan asylum seeking minors in Greece – a largely neglected area empirically, in migration-related social science research – despite the fact that migration has been an issue of mounting concern recently. The study sets out to bridge this gap hence, to provide insights of the paths of young people as individuals in their own right, and of the dynamics and processes of their forced migrations. The research contributes to contemporary debates about migration and childhood. The thesis takes a broader approach that highlights the connections across borders and covers the multiple facets of unaccompanied minors’ experiences and feelings; pre-exile, during journeys, and on arrival in Greece. The future plans and motivations of the young respondents are also discussed. Information in relation to young respondent’s experiences, emotions and thoughts was collected in a series of in-depth interviews, focus groups and participatory activities. Data was also gathered by professionals and public figures with the aim to identify how these young people are treated and perceived inside and outside of the reception centres in Greece. The data indicates that these young respondents are deeply and negatively affected by experiences of loss, separation, discrimination, abuse, and long-lasting hardships to be found throughout their histories of movement. Their accounts are renegotiated tales where notions of belonging and identity are shaped along the way, and the boundaries drawn around childhood and adulthood are often fragile and fluid. The events of young people’s movements are reported as having been poignant, rendering them in a continuous, transitional state of existence. This stage ‘in between’, it is argued to be intricately entangled with the prolonged political insecurity which in some instances, extents to the condition of statelessness. The analysis of young respondents’ experiences revealed an overt gap between entitlements which are theoretically attributed to unaccompanied minors, regarding their social, political and legal rights – irrespective of their legal status – and pragmatic barriers to be found on the ground; on the streets, at borders, in detention, in police stations, and in reception centres, these young people are imperilled to the process of dehumanization. This process is understood to be a product of social and political violence implicated in local and transnational contexts. A combination of structural factors and practices has been found to be compounded by inhuman actions such as; the commodification process, the classification process, poverty, stigmatization, institutional racism and the ambiguity of political status. The findings further indicated that young respondents had mixed and distinct feelings of their experiences and responded to the process of dehumanization in very different ways; some developed robust resilient mechanisms along the way and formed important social networks for their survival and others felt powerless, and incapable mentally to lead their lives. The data indicated that the type of care and support varied significantly among the reception centres. There was a spectrum of attitudes towards the presence of the young respondents, showing sympathy and welcoming responses but also prejudice, stereotypes and xenophobia. These appeared at professional, government and public levels. Implications are discussed in relation to the punitive policies and practices that demoralise the rights and needs of the young people, hence potential strategies are suggested for reforming aspects of the child welfare/asylum system. The thesis concludes that these young respondents have a uniquely strong claim to social and political rights that will give them back their lost ‘ordinariness’.
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Sarwary, Nina. "L' Etat Afghan acteur et enjeu des relations internationales : 1979-1989." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE0018.
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Haskell, David J. "The Afghan National Police turning a counterinsurgency problem into a solution." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/AR/topic/misc/09Dec_Haskell_appendix_II.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Simons, Anna. Second Reader: Johnson, Thomas H. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Afghan National Police (ANP), Counterinsurgency (COIN), Culture, Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GIRoA), Taliban. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-88). Also available in print.
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Khoshgowar, Ahmad Nasim. "English article production in guided conversation by Afghan Dari EFL learners." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2854.
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NAWID, SENZIL. "AMAN-ALLAH AND THE AFGHAN 'ULAMA: REACTION TO REFORMS, 1919-29." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184220.
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Aman-Allah's effort to modernize Afghanistan in the first quarter of the twentieth century appears on the historic record as a failure. In this work we have sought to illuminate the nature of the problems that prevented success, especially those arising from the powerful institutions of the day. The error that was ultimately fatal to Aman-Allah's regime was his failure to appreciate the power of the 'ulama, pervasive in all levels of the culture, allowing them to become his single most effective opponent. This study has concentrated on the relationship between Aman-Allah and the 'ulama during the critical years 1919-1929. In the beginning Aman-Allah seemed to understand the force that could either support or be activated against him, and tried to work with the 'ulama, drawing their support through Islamic symbols such as jihad and pan-Islamism. The study shows how Aman-Allah initially won the support of the 'ulama by sponsoring the reintroduction of jihad against the British, in which the 'ulama played an important function, and by establishing himself as a major proponent of the pan-Islam movement. The 'ulama were pleased by his approach, with its marked contrast to the anti-clerical attitudes and practices of his grandfather Amir 'Abd al-Rahman. He was able to enlist some of the 'ulama to help formulate and support his reforms. Early in his regime, Aman-Allah had the majority support of the 'ulama. Despite his early popularity with the 'ulama, however, conflict emerged when Aman-Allah ventured to alter tradition regarding the family and society and to introduce radical modernization in Afghan society. Aman-Allah's attempt to recruit the support of the clergy and the tribal chieftains with whom they shared power was finally thwarted by his efforts at social reform. When government modernization deviated from tradition, a breach opened between state and clergy, manifested in the Khust Rebellion. The rift expanded in 1928 when Aman-Allah moved overtly toward secularization. The diverse elements among the 'ulama were solidified into a unitary force by this common threat. In the end, the 'ulama would no longer grant political legitimacy to Aman-Allah's regime, and with that recognition, it must fail.
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Öberg, Viktor. "Biddle, The Afghan model och rebellernas skicklighet i Operation unified protector." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6191.
Full textAbstract:
The 2001 campaign in Afghanistan where precision airpower and special operation forces alongside indigenous allies were used to topple the Talibans has brought debaters to argue whether it was a revolution of warfare or a fluke. Stephen Biddle has argued that this Afghan Model is deeply dependent on the indigenous ally being at least as skilled as its enemy. Ten years later, a similar concept was used in Libya to overthrow the Gaddafi-regime. This paper examines and compares the skill of the rebels and the regime forces fighting on the ground in Libya, in order to test Biddle’s Afghan Model theory. Hence, the purpose for this study is to broaden the understanding as to when and how often the Afghan Model may be used. Initially, rebels demonstrated low levels of tactical skill in comparison to regime forces. However, rebels gradually improved their skills and by the end of the fighting, months later the skill gap had been reduced considerably. Without drawing a definite conclusion, the analysis indicates, that skill of the indigenous ally in order for the Afghan Model to work is of importance, however not to the same degree as presented by Biddle.