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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Afghanistan – Antiquities

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Academic literature on the topic 'Afghanistan – Antiquities'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Afghanistan – Antiquities"

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Simpson, John. "The “Begram Ivories”: A Successful Case of Restitution of Some Antiquities Stolen from the National Museum of Afghanistan in Kabul." International Journal of Cultural Property 23, no. 4 (November 2016): 459–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739116000266.

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Abstract:This article details a successful case of restitution of important antiquities stolen from the National Museum of Afghanistan in Kabul during the Afghan Civil War (1992–94). These items had been excavated by the Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan at the site of Begram during 1937 and 1939 and were allocated to the museum in Kabul when the excavated finds were divided between the National Museum of Afghanistan and the Musée Guimet (Paris). In Kabul, the most important objects were put on permanent display, but they were placed in storage in 1989 when the museum was officially closed and the capital threatened by war after the withdrawal of Soviet forces. Many objects were hidden, and some are now touring in an international exhibition hosted by the British Museum in 2011.1 However, most of the Begram ivories were stolen and entered different collections. The following article discusses how a group of 20 of these exquisite carvings were acquired, conserved, exhibited, and returned to Kabul as a direct result of the negotiations for the British Museum exhibition.2 This allowed the first scientific analyses of Indian ivories of this period, and the results provided important new evidence for the extent of polychromy as well as the scale of the different unrecorded conservation treatments previously applied to these highly fragile objects.3 The objects were returned safely to Kabul in 2012. This article also sets out some of the lessons learned from this chain of events and how it can provide an example for future restitutions.

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Prescott, Christopher, and Josephine Munch Rasmussen. "Exploring the “Cozy Cabal of Academics, Dealers and Collectors” through the Schøyen Collection." Heritage 3, no. 1 (February 9, 2020): 68–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage3010005.

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In the wake of the trade in ancient materials, several ethical and political issues arise that merit concern: the decimation of the cultural heritage of war-torn countries, proliferation of corruption, ideological connotations of orientalism, financial support of terrorism, and participation in networks involved in money laundering, weapon sales, human trafficking and drugs. Moreover, trafficking and trading also have a harmful effect on the fabric of academia itself. This study uses open sources to track the history of the private Schøyen Collection, and the researchers and public institutions that have worked with and supported the collector. Focussing on the public debates that evolved around the Buddhist manuscripts and other looted or illicitly obtained material from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iraq, this article unravels strategies to whitewash Schøyen’s and his research groups’ activities. Numerous elements are familiar from the field of antiquities trafficking research and as such adds to the growing body of knowledge about illicit trade and collecting. A noteworthy element in the Schøyen case is Martin Schøyen and his partners’ appeal to digital dissemination to divorce collections from their problematic provenance and history and thus circumvent contemporary ethical standards. Like paper publications, digital presentations contribute to the marketing and price formation of illicit objects. The Norwegian state’s potential purchase of the entire Schøyen collection was promoted with the aid of digital dissemination of the collection hosted by public institutions. In the wake of the Schøyen case, it is evident that in spite of formal regulations to thwart antiquities trafficking, the continuation of the trade rests on the attitudes and practice of scholars and institutions.

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Schmalenbach, Kirsten. "Ideological Warfare against Cultural Property: UN Strategies and Dilemmas." Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 19, no. 1 (May 30, 2016): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757413-00190002.

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With iconic cultural heritage in Afghanistan, Mali, Libya, Iraq and Syria at the mercy of Jihadi extremists, the international community’s somewhat feverish compilation of emergency measures illustrates both the sense of urgency now felt, but also how unprepared the world was to be confronted with ideological warfare against the ‘culture of the heretics.’ The laws of armed conflict, and in its wake international criminal law, provide relatively clear cut proscriptive rules against ideologically motived cultural destruction, which cannot be said of peacetime rules on cultural heritage protection. But the threat of incurring international responsibility and punishment is seen as inconsequential when the perpetrators’ driving ideology distains external laws. On UN level, the Security Council has resorted to a global trade ban to target two birds with one stone: to dry-up is’s source of income through illicit trade in Iraqi and Syrian antiquities and to preserve artefacts by making illicit excavation and pillaging economically unattractive. Unfortunately the situation on the ground, with its many uncertainties regarding domestic implementation means the effectiveness of this measure is in abeyance.

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Gori, Maja, Alessandro Pintucci, and Martina Revello Lami. "Who Owns the Past?" Ex Novo: Journal of Archaeology 2 (December 31, 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/exnovo.v2i0.386.

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On the 23rd of August 2015 Daesh blew up the 2,000-year-old Baal-Shamin temple in the world-famous Greco-Roman site of Palmyra. This event triggered a profound emotional reaction in society at large, and the ruins soon became an iconic symbol of world heritage in danger. The appalling images of the ruins of Baal Shamin reinforced the perception, especially among western observers, that protecting cultural and natural heritage is yet another duty in the fight against terrorism. A similar international outcry occurred in 2001, when the Buddhas of Bamiyan fell to Taliban dynamite in Afghanistan, and when Iraqi museums and sites were ransacked and looted providing two of the most recent and vivid examples of destroyed heritage in the so-called War on Terror which was launched by the U.S. government after 9/11. Following the destruction at Baal-Shamin, UNESCO declared that the deliberate destruction of Syria's cultural heritage was a war crime, and put into motion several projects and actions aimed at preserving endangered Syrian archaeological heritage. At the same time, alongside income gained from the sale of drug and weapons, the trafficking of antiquities from Syria and Iraq worldwide provided a major source of revenue for Daesh.

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Macouin, Francis. "De l’Indochine a l’Afghanistan: des arts etrangers dans les bibliotheques Parisiennes." Art Libraries Journal 18, no. 2 (1993): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200008312.

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French interest in India and neighbouring regions dates back to the 17th century. Oriental studies developed as a distinct discipline through the 19th century, stimulated in France by French colonial activities in Indochina, and culminating at the end of the century in the emergence of Oriental art and archaeology as a subject in its own right. The Commission Archéologique de l’Indochine was established in 1898, and became the Ecole Francaise d’Extrême-Orient (EFEO) in 1901 with responsibility for listing and protecting antiquities in the French colonies; its library in Paris constitutes a major resource. France’s relationship with Afghanistan facilitated French archaeological activities in that country until 1975; archaeological finds enabled the Musée Guimet to extend its scope and to become a museum of Asiatic art, and its library became and remains the major library in Paris so far as Asian art is concerned. The library of the Ecole du Louvre supports courses on Asian art, while the Bibliothèque Nationale and such libraries as the Bibliothèque Forney also contain valuable collections. Photographic collections in some of these institutions have not been so well looked after as books, and their condition is a matter of concern. Unpublished archival materials are also held in some of the same institutions. The resources of a number of smaller, specialised institutes are currently being brought together in a new building under the name ‘Institute d’Asie du Collège de France’, while some other collections are being linked with the library of the EFEO to create a ‘Bibliothèque d’Asie’. Meanwhile it remains to be seen whether the new Bibliothèque Nationale des Arts will include the arts of Asia within its scope. No library in France has responsibility for modern Indian art. (An English translation follows the text in French).

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Bernhardsson, Magnus T. "The plundered past: deplorable present, dismal future? - Neil Brodie, Morag M. Kersel, Christina Luke & Kathryn Walker Tubb (ed.). Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, and the Antiquities Trade. xiv+350 pages, 33 illustrations, 3 tables. 2006. Gainesville (FL): University Press of Florida; 0-8130-2972-4 hardback $65. - Juliette van Krieken-Pieters (ed.). Art and Archaeology of Afghanistan: Its Fall and Survival (Handbuch der Orientalistik 8). xxii+412 pages, 64 b&w & colour plates, 1 map. 2006. Leiden & Boston: Brill; 978-90-04-15182-6 hardback €89 & $116." Antiquity 81, no. 313 (September 1, 2007): 791–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00095752.

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Palombo, Cecilia, and Donna Yates. "Digital transit ports for the illicit trade in antiquities: the case of the ‘Afghan Genizah’." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, June 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqac032.

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Abstract In this article, we present the idea of a digital transit port, an online space that illicit cultural objects pass through in digital format while on a pathway to public legitimization. These virtual transit ports connect virtual illicit and illegally trafficked cultural objects with virtual consumers under the aegis of promoting access and preservation, while simultaneously normalizing the presence of these objects in market and academic spaces. Digital transit ports, then, make virtual versions of illicit cultural objects openly consumable, much like physical transit ports launder physical cultural objects. They may also legitimize use of the physical objects, infringing on legislative efforts at curbing the illicit trade. To explore the idea of the digital transit port, we will consider the case of the so-called ‘Afghan Genizah’ collection, a disarticulated group of historical documents from northern Afghanistan that have appeared on the international market most likely after being looted and trafficked illicitly outside their country of origin.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Afghanistan – Antiquities"

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Vanleene, Alexandra. "Etude archéologique et iconograpique de la représentation des scènes de la vie du Buddha et de l'imagerie bouddhique dans l'art de Haḍḍa (Afghanistan)." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1055.

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Hadda est le nom d’un village moderne de l’Afghanistan, situé à douze kilomètres au sud de Jellalabad, construit sur les ruines d’une petite ville préislamique dont dépendait un grand ensemble monastique bouddhique. Les vestiges les plus anciens sont datés du IIe siècle de notre ère et l’incendie généralisé qui ruine les sites est à placer au moment de la montée musulmane, vers le IXe siècle de notre ère. Plusieurs dizaines de monastères ont été retrouvés, comptant des centaines de stupa, des dizaines de niches, caitya (chapelles) et banquettes ornés d’œuvres de facture hellénistico-bouddhique : des modelages en stuc et en argile surtout, mais aussi des sculptures en pierre, notamment en schiste et en calcaire, ainsi que des peintures. La motivation scientifique de cette étude est multiple, car tout en replaçant l’art monastique de Hadda au sein de l’art du Gandhara, elle permet de mettre en lumière plusieurs originalités de cette école : l’usage massif du modelage donne naissance à un mode nouveau de composition tridimensionnel, ainsi qu’à l’apparition de scènes ne représentant pas un épisode particulier de la légende canonique du Buddha mais complétant la décoration du monastère en créant une ambiance particulière ou en évoquant symboliquement un épisode. La réunion du talent et de la créativité de l’école de modelage de Hadda, alliant un art à la fois traditionnel et canonique mais aussi audacieux et original, explique son influence que l’on suit à travers le Kapiça et la Bactriane, passant par Bamiyan et aboutissant à l’Asie Centrale chinoise
Hadda is the name of a modern village of Afghanistan, located twelve miles south of Jellalabad and built on the ruins of a pre-Islamic city, on which depended a great Buddhist monastery. The earliest remains are dated from the second century AD and a generalized fire destroyed the site around the ninth century AD, during the Muslim rise. Dozens of monasteries were found, with hundreds of stupa and a huge amount of niches and caitya (chapels) carved in Greco-Buddhist style : mostly clay and stucco modelings, as well as limestone and schist sculptures, and a few paintings. The scientific purpose of this study is multiple, for while setting Hadda monastic art within Gandhara art, it helps to highlighting several features of this school: the massive use of modeling generates a new method of three-dimensional composition, and the appearance of scenes not representing specific episode of Buddha’s canonical legend, thus completing the decoration of the monastery by creating a particular atmosphere or evoking an episode in a symbolic way. The combination of the talent and creativity of the modeling school of Hadda resulting in an art both traditional and canonical, but also daring and original, explains an influence that can be followed across Kapisa and Bactria, through Bamiyan and to Chinese Central Asia

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Lyonnet, Bertille. "Prospection archeologique de la "bactriane orientale" (afghanistan du n. E. ) etude de la ceramique (typologie, etude comparative et chronologie). Essai sur l'histoire du peuplement." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0336.

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Une etude typologique puis comparative portant sur environ vingt-cinq tonnes de ceramique collectees sur environ huit cents sites en afghanistan du n. E. Permet de proposer une reconstitution du peuplement de la region depuis le chalcolithique (environ 3500 av. N. E. ) jusqu'a la conquete arabe (environ 750 de n. E. ). Selon la repartition du peuplement observee le long de canaux d'irrigation au cours des differentes etapes historiques, on a pu aussi distinguer des phases successives d'expansion et de declin. Parmi les decouvertes majeures faites au cours de cette etude, signalons : la mise en evidence de liens culturels extremement etroits avec le baluchistan et le n. O. De l'inde -et non avec le reste de l'asie centrale- au chalcolithique et a l'age du bronze laissant supposer que la region prospectee ne correspond pas a l'ancienne bactriane mais plutot a la sogdiane ; le reperage de traces de nomades jusqu'alors connus seulement par les textesn, a la fin de l'age du bronze (aryens ?), lors de la chute du royaume greco-bactrien (yueh-chi et scythes), ou entre la fin du 3e et la fin du 6e s. De n. E. (chionites, kidarites et hephtalites) ; la mise en relief de l'etendue et de la puissance du "royaume" bactrien au cours du 1e millenaire avant notre ere, bien avant la conquete achemenide ; la mise en valeur particuliere de la "bactriane orientale sous les grecs autour de la cite d'ai khanum ; la mise en evidence d'un declin insoupconne de cette meme region sous les kushans, lequel ne fut enraye qu'avec la conquete sassanide au milieu du 3e s. De n. E. ; le reperage du tokharistan lors de sa formation sous les hephtalites, a l'est de la riviere de kunduz et au sud de celle de taluqan
A typological and comparative study on about 5 tons of sherds of pottery collected on almost 800 sites in n. E. Afghanistan is the basis of this proposal on the history of settlement in the area, from chalcolithic (around 3500 b. C. ) to the islamic conquest (around 750 a. D. ). Relying also on the distribution of this settlement within each period, it has been possible to distinguish different phases of expansion and decline. Among the major results of this study, we may mention : the discovery of extremely tight cultural ties with baluchistan and n. W. India -and not with the rest of central asia- during the chalcolithic and the bronze age, which allows to suppose that the area of the survey does not belong to ancient bactria but rather to sogdiana ; the location of nomads known only through texts until now, at the end of the bronze age (aryens ?), at the fall of the graeco-bactrian kingdom (yueh-chi and scythians), and between the end of the 3rd and the 56th c. A. D. (chionites, kidarites and hephtalites) ; the establishment of a huge and mighty bactrian "kingdom" during the 1st millenium b. C. , well before the conquest of the achaemenids ; the particular expansion of "eastern bactria" under the greeks, around the city of ai khanum ; the evidence of an unsuspected decline in the same area under the kushans, which was recovered only after the sassanian conquest in the middle of the 3rd c. A. D. ; the location of tokharistan at the time of its formation under the hephtalites, east of the kunduz river and south of the taluqan river

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Meyer, Agnès. "Concurrence, coopération et collaboration en archéologie : l'exemple du Séistan, 1908-1984." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H121/document.

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Le Séistan est une région semi désertique située entre l’est de l’Iran et l’ouest de l’Afghanistan. Le territoire fut habité de la préhistoire jusqu’à aujourd’hui. C’est pourquoi les savants européens et américains s’y intéressèrent dès les premières années du XXe siècle, période d’intense exploration de l’Asie centrale. La Délégation archéologique française en Iran (DAIFI), créée en 1900, puis la Délégation archéologique Française en Afghanistan (DAFA) créée en 1923, exerçaient un monopole officiel qui comprenait le Séistan. Cependant des missions allemandes, britanniques, italiennes et américaines explorèrent la région avant et après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Certains sites jugés particulièrement prometteurs furent même fouillés. En 1984 l’Iran et l’Afghanistan fermèrent leurs portes aux archéologues pour des raisons politiques, et mirent ainsi fin, pour un temps, à ces travaux. Pendant 80 ans, sur un même terrain, se succédèrent ainsi et souvent se croisèrent des individus au statut complexe. Ils représentaient un Etat et une ou plusieurs institutions. Ils apportaient avec eux des pratiques, des méthodes, et des doxas spécifiques à une communauté scientifique. Cette étude examine leurs relations en tenant compte de cette complexité. Dans quelle mesure s’influencèrent-ils ? Furent-ils en concurrence au nom d’une nation ou d’une institution? Tentèrent-ils de coopérer? Allèrent-ils jusqu’à collaborer en vue d’un intérêt commun, dit universel ? Après une présentation générale des travaux effectués au Séistan, l’étude s’attarde en particulier sur les relations franco-allemandes. Enfin elle décrit le développement d’une science dite internationale, et en souligne les limites
The Sistan is a semi-desert area located between the east of Iran and the west of Afghanistan. The territory has been continuously inhabited since prehistorical times. Therefore European and American scholars turned their attention to it from the early 20th century on a time of intense exploration of Central Asia. The French archaeological Delegation in Iran (DAFI), created in 1900, then the French archaeological Delegation in Afghanistan (DAFA), created in 1923, had an official monopoly which included the Sistan. Nevertheless German, British, Italian and American missions surveyed the area before and after the World War Two. Some sites, which seemed particularly promising, were excavated. In 1984 Iran and Afghanistan closed their doors to archaeologists for political reasons, and stopped temporarily all work. During 80 years, on a same area, individuals who had a complex status succeeded one another and often crossed each other. They all represented a state and one or many institutions. They came with practices, methods, and doxas specific to a scientific community. This study analyses their relations, to include their complexity. To what extent did they influence each other? Were they in competition in the name of a nation or an institution? Did they try to cooperate? Did they collaborate for a mutual, “universal”, purpose? After a global presentation of the works made in Sistan, the study examines more specifically the French and German relationships. Then it describes the development of a so called international science, and stresses its limits

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Books on the topic "Afghanistan – Antiquities"

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Bāwarī, Rasūl. Larghūnay Afghanistan: Da maqālo ṭolgah. Kābul: Da Maydān Wardago da Wilāyat Maqām, 2009.

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Amazing wonders of Afghanistan. Kabul: Rahmat Publications, Operation Mercy, 2014.

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Flandrin, Philippe. Afghanistan: Les trésors sataniques. Monaco: Rocher, 2002.

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Knobloch, Edgar. The archaeology & architecture of Afghanistan. Stroud: Tempus, 2002.

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P. H. B. (Piers H. B.) Baker. Shahr-i Zohak and the history of the Bamiyan Valley, Afghanistan. Oxford: Tempvs Reparatvm, 1991.

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Afghanistan: A cultural history. Northampton, MA: Interlink Books, 2012.

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The proto-historic Afghanistan: A source book. Varanasi: Tara Book Agency, 1996.

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Afghanistan: Forging civilizations along the Silk Road. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2012.

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H, Wilson H. Ariana antiqua: A descriptive account of the antiquities and coins of Afghanistan. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1998.

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T, Hiebert Fredrik, Cambon Pierre, Mūzah-ʾi Kābul, and National Gallery of Art (U.S.), eds. Afghanistan: Hidden treasures from the National Museum, Kabul. Washington, D.C: National Geographic Society, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Afghanistan – Antiquities"

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"Front Matter." In Looted, Recovered, Returned: Antiquities from Afghanistan. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jd3.1.

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"Bibliography." In Looted, Recovered, Returned: Antiquities from Afghanistan, 327–30. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jd3.10.

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"Back Matter." In Looted, Recovered, Returned: Antiquities from Afghanistan, 331. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jd3.11.

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"Table of Contents." In Looted, Recovered, Returned: Antiquities from Afghanistan, i. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jd3.2.

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Masoudi, Omara Khan. "Foreword." In Looted, Recovered, Returned: Antiquities from Afghanistan, ii. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jd3.3.

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"Preface by the Sponsor." In Looted, Recovered, Returned: Antiquities from Afghanistan, iii—iv. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jd3.4.

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"Acknowledgements." In Looted, Recovered, Returned: Antiquities from Afghanistan, v—vi. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jd3.5.

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Simpson, J. "Introduction:." In Looted, Recovered, Returned: Antiquities from Afghanistan, 1–39. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jd3.6.

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Passmore, Emma, Janet Ambers, Catherine Higgitt, Giovanni Verri, Caroline Cartwright, and Duncan Hook. "The Scientific Analyses:." In Looted, Recovered, Returned: Antiquities from Afghanistan, 40–47. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jd3.7.

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Ward, Clare, and Barbara Wills. "The Conservation Treatments:." In Looted, Recovered, Returned: Antiquities from Afghanistan, 48–49. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqc6jd3.8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Afghanistan – Antiquities"

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Sharifov, Rakhmonali. "The study of the ancient history of afghanistanin the works by vadim M. Masson." In Antiquities of East Europe, South Asia and South Siberia in the context of connections and interactions within the Eurasian cultural space (new data and concepts). Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-907053-34-2-38-40.

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