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Journal articles on the topic 'Afghanistan'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Ashrafi, Sayed Ahmad Rashid, and Vishwanatha Kalaiah. "TREND, DIRECTION AND PERFORMANCE OF AFGHANISTAN’S INTERNATIONAL TRADE." Australian Finance & Banking Review 5, no. 1 (2021): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/afbr.v5i1.1069.

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Afghanistan is at a strategic location which acts as an important corridor in Asia and connects powerful industrial economies such as India and China to Northern Asia and to Europe via dry and seaways and vice versa through the Lapis Lazuli Corridor, Chabahar port and other corridors. The study asses to perceive the performance and trend of Afghanistan’s export and import. Moreover, the study points out to the destinations of Afghanistan's exports by regions and origin of Afghanistan’s imports by regions. The paper descriptively concentrates on direction, trend, and performance of the Afghanis

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2

Alamyar, Hubia. "An Overview of Afghanistan's Geographical Indications Protection System." International Journal of Law and Politics Studies 6, no. 4 (2024): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijlps.2024.6.4.11.

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Geographical indications are labels used to identify goods or products that originate from a specific place, possess distinctive qualities and have a reputation associated with those characteristics. Afghanistan possesses valuable products such as agricultural, industrial, and handicraft resources that require protection due to its distinctive geography. Therefore, Afghanistan needs to standardize its established legal framework that regulates the recognition and protection of products as geographical indications both domestically and internationally. Since 2015, Afghanistan has implemented a

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3

Faheem, Farrukh, Sajjad Hussain, and Muhammad Tariq Rasheed Qmar. "The US withdrawal from Afghanistan and its impacts on the Pak-Afghan relationship." Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS) 3, no. 1 (2022): 540–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.37.

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How to fix Afghanistan's challenges is one of the most talked-about issues of the 21st century. With its incredible nature and immense scale of being a safe haven for terrorists, the Afghanistan conundrum warrants all the thought it gets. The US hasty attack and abrupt withdrawal from Afghanistan affected the neighbouring states somehow and others. Pakistan is the most affected among these countries because of its chaotic past relationship. In the latest situation since the US retreat from Afghanistan, bordering countries have been trying to pull Afghanistan out of its misery. To achieve this

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4

Bashir, Faiza, and Subhan Ali. "Peaceful and Politically Stable Afghanistan: The Role that Shanghai Cooperation Organization Can Play." Central Asia 95, Winter (2025): 65–83. https://doi.org/10.54418/ca-95.233.

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Terrorism is one of the leading causes of Afghanistan's insecurity. The conflict and war in Afghanistan has given terrorist groups opportunity to thrive and grow. The current economic crisis in Afghanistan and the quick international recognition of the Taliban are both major challenges for SCO. The situation necessitates a greater sense of responsibility on the part of regional countries to collaborate for the stability of Afghanistan. Shanghai Cooperation Organization member states should take short term and long-term steps for political and economic development of the country. The SCO's part

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5

Paryani, Nazari, and Gulab Mir Rahmany. "China's Response to the Expansion of U.S. Influence in Asia: The Intersection of Religion and Governance in Afghanistan (2011-2019)." Religion and Policy Journal 2, no. 1 (2024): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/rpj.v2i1.928.

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Research Problem: The article addresses China’s concerns regarding the expansion of U.S. influence in Asia, particularly focusing on Afghanistan's strategic importance in the geopolitical competition between the two powers. The U.S. military presence and Afghanistan’s religiously influenced governance pose a significant challenge for China, which must navigate both political and religious dynamics to secure its interests in the region. This research investigates how these factors shape China’s foreign policy and its interactions with Afghanistan. Research purposes: The study aims to explore ho

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6

Aslami, Alyas. "Role of Natural Gas in Producing Electricity in Afghanistan." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science 2, no. 01 (2023): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.59653/ijmars.v2i01.505.

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This article depicts the role of natural gas reserves in Afghanistan in the production of electricity in the country. Also, this study estimates the impacts of electricity generation from natural gas on imported electricity. Afghanistan has 62nd position in the world's gas reserves, 79th position in the production of natural gas, and 104th position in the consumption of natural gas. Afghanistan has 1,750,000 million cubic feet of natural gas reserves, 6,675 million cubic feet of production of natural gas per year, and 5,163 million cubic feet of consumption of natural gas per year. Afghanistan

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7

Khan, Taimur Azam. "Prohibition on Opium Poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan:." Central Asia 91, Winter (2023): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-91.182.

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Afghanistan is home to the largest illicit drug industry in the world. The depth, influence, and impact of its narco-economy remain unparalleled. Illicit drug production has become a dominant feature of Afghanistan’s landscape. The opium economy is pervasive and deeply entrenched. Afghanistan's opium economy has become the source of security rather than the state. Therefore, the degree of dependence on the opium economy has thus become unprecedented in the modern history of drug production. The dependence means any immediate attempt toward opium poppy prohibition/eradication will result in pol

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8

Lan, Jiang, and Jiang Lan. "Review of Afghanistan's National Education Strategic Plan (2017-2021)." Pacific International Journal 5, no. 3 (2022): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v5i3.183.

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The Afghanistan National Education Strategic Plan (2017-2021) is the third strategic plan for education development issued by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan since its establishment. The Ministry of Education of Afghanistan, in accordance with the Constitution of Afghanistan and the provisions of various sectors, provides an in-depth analysis of the current situation of education in Afghanistan and sets the direction for the development of education in Afghanistan from 2017 to 2021. The Afghanistan National Education Strategic Plan (2017-2021) is divided into three main parts:quality and r

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9

Yar, Fayaz Gul Mazloum, and Mastali Niazai. "The Silk Road and Afghanistan: A Nexus of Trade, Culture, and Geopolitical Exchange." Edunity Kajian Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan 4, no. 2 (2025): 92–103. https://doi.org/10.57096/edunity.v4i2.373.

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This article examines Afghanistan's role in the Silk Road and its impact on the country's historical, cultural, economic, and geographical transformations. Due to its strategic geographical position in the heart of Asia, Afghanistan has historically served as a bridge connecting various civilizations of the East and West. This role has allowed Afghanistan to experience extensive commercial and cultural influences from the Silk Road. This review article analyzes the historical, cultural, and economic impacts of the Silk Road on Afghanistan and assesses the country’s role as a strategic hub in t

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10

Baidar, Karimullah, Ihsanullah Ihsan, Shamsurahman Zahid, and Salman Ali Nabavi. "Climate Change and Its Impact on Water Resource and Ground Water in Afghanistan." Nangarhar University International Journal of Biosciences 03, ICCC(special) (2024): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.70436/nuijb.v3i02.235.

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Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources and Air Pollution, research is carried out to analysis Hydro-meteorological and groundwater data in Afghanistan. The negative impacts of climate change on water resources such as surface and ground water have become a severe social, economic and environmental problem worldwide, especially in the arid regions of the earth, including Afghanistan. Hence, this article studies the relationship between climate change and its’ impact on water resource in Afghanistan by reviewing related literature. The main objective of this research is to find out natural ca

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11

Alizai, Ghulam Shah Adel. "UNDERSTANDING LEGAL BARRIERS TO FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN AFGHANISTAN: A CASE STUDY IN HERAT INDUSTRIAL ZONE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 12 (2020): 80–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i12.2020.2515.

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Since a century ago, there have been many efforts to attract foreign investment in Afghanistan. These efforts include the codification of laws and policies and the provisionof facilities for participation of foreign companies in the Afghan economy through partnership with the government and partnership with private sector in this country. Since 2001, with the support of the market economy system in Afghanistan's constitution and the reform of some governmental institutions, these efforts have been accelerating, hoping thatencouraging foreign investors and their presence in the market will impr

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12

Lali, Mosa, and Mehrjan Raufi. "The Main Characteristics of China’s Foreign Policy towards Afghanistan Since 2001 to 2020." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 5, no. 2 (2025): 198–206. https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.5.2.26.

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Historically, the Sino-Afghan relationship date back to the 6th century, but the official relations between China-Afghanistan have been going on for more than half a century. According to Afghanistan situations, China has been different policy towards Afghanistan such as Afghanistan's support against Soviet Union occupation and the withdrawal of the Chinese embassy from Kabul in 1993. according to Afghanistan's geo-economic and geopolitical location, the US and its allies did military-invasion in Afghanistan in 2001 to eliminate terrorism. China was reopened its embassy in Kabul on 6 February

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13

Cunningham, Nathan W. "Drawing Down Bribery Risks: Complying with the FCPA While Doing Business in Afghanistan in 2014 and Beyond." Global Trade and Customs Journal 9, Issue 10 (2014): 464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2014057.

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Changes in Afghanistan's security environment present challenges for western companies operating in Afghanistan; many will see an increased reliance on local partners, a higher tolerance of dangerous environments, and greater exposure to corruption risks. Given Afghanistan's entrenched culture of corruption, companies must minimize the corresponding risk under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA"). This article provides a primer on the FCPA's provisions to give compliance personnel guidance. It contains a description of certain payments demanded by the Afghan government from companies sup

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14

Pamirzad, Qurban Hussain. "A century of struggle: Afghanistan’s media development under monarchies." Islamic Communication Journal 9, no. 1 (2024): 59–78. https://doi.org/10.21580/icj.2024.9.1.19593.

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This paper has used a series of historical sources, mainly in the Persian language, to explore the one-century history of Afghanistan’s media. The country has 150 years of media history, of which a century occurred during the monarchy's political system. This study explains the chronological order and structure of the media from the first newspaper, Shams-u-Nahar, which was founded in 1873 during the reign of Amir Shir Ali Khan. In addition to explaining the press's role in the war for the independence of Afghanistan, it also explores the media’s situation during King Zaher Shah’s (1933-1973)

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15

Niazai, Mastali, and Fayaz Gul Mazloum Yar. "The Silk Road and Afghanistan: A Nexus of Trade, Culture, and Geopolitical Exchange." Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies 5, no. 2 (2025): 2913–19. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v5i2.50872.

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This article examines Afghanistan's role in the Silk Road and its impact on the country's historical, cultural, economic, and geographical transformations. Due to its strategic geographical position in the heart of Asia, Afghanistan has historically served as a bridge connecting various civilizations of the East and West. This role has allowed Afghanistan to experience extensive commercial and cultural influences from the Silk Road. This review article analyzes the historical, cultural, and economic impacts of the Silk Road on Afghanistan and assesses the country’s role as a strategic hub in t

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16

Zhang, Chunfang. "The Impact of Afghanistan's Changed Situation on India's Geo-environment." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 7, no. 6 (2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v7i6.1206.

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Afghanistan's changed situation was one of the biggest international changes in 2021, causing violent shocks to the world. As an important neighboring country of Afghanistan, India has significant economic and security interests in Afghanistan. The change in Afghanistan has not only directly affected the bilateral relations between India and Afghanistan, but also has triggered a new round of regional power games involving India, Pakistan, Russia, Iraq and other countries. At the same time, the change in Afghanistan is also related to the adjustment of United States’ global strategy. As a resul

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17

Khurami, Hafiza. "Afghanistan and United States foregin relation after September 11th 2001." Technium Business and Management 3 (January 6, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/business.v3i.8273.

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The incident of 11 September 2001 played an important role the relations between Afghanistan and the United States. After that Afghanistan was the axis of attention to US foreign policy. The US Military presence in Afghanistan has different reason. Afghanistan is a tool for the United States to achieve its goal, because Afghanistan has a special geopolitical position through which it can achieve its ideological goals, one of these reasons could be the struggle against Islam. because the Middle East countries are the cradle of Islam. And the United States considers these countries to be the sou

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18

Nawid, Senzil. "The State, the Clergy, and British Imperial Policy in Afghanistan during the 19th and Early 20th Centuries." International Journal of Middle East Studies 29, no. 4 (1997): 581–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800065211.

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The political and dynastic history of Afghanistan during the 19th and the early 20th centuries is well known. So is British imperial policy toward Afghanistan. However, very little attention has been paid to the role of the clergy, the guardians of the Islamic order and the representatives of the civil society in Afghanistan. They played a major role in domestic politics and in Afghanistan's challenges with foreign powers. This paper attempts to fill the gap in information about the ulama by detailing their role in defending Afghanistan's territorial integrity and by examining the conflict ove

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19

Safranchuk, Ivan. "Afghanistan’s Political Future and Its Role in Eurasian Cooperation." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 75, no. 1 (2019): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928418821467.

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While it is widely admitted that Afghanistan can contribute to connectivity in Eurasia, one may not also deny that Afghanistan’s regional role is dependent on regional conditions. This article takes Afghanistan’s security and geostrategic trends in Eurasia as the two major variables, defining conditions for Afghanistan’s regional role. They are reviewed and then synthesised as dependent and independent variables to form taxonomy of possible regional roles for Afghanistan.

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20

Maley, William. "Afghanistan in 2011." Asian Survey 52, no. 1 (2012): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2012.52.1.88.

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Abstract Afghanistan confronted further turbulence in 2011, involving the assassinations of prominent figures, tense regional relations, and uncertainty about where the draw down of foreign forces in Afghanistan might lead. Popular confidence in Afghanistan's future direction remains weak, and President Hamid Karzai has had little success in boosting his government's standing.

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21

Sediqi, Mohammad Nasim, and Rabia Ayoubi. "The Role of Endemic Medicinal Plants in The Self-Sufficiency of Afghanistan's Pharmaceutical Sector." Journal of Natural Science Review 2, Special.Issue (2024): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.62810/jnsr.v2ispecial.issue.97.

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Afghanistan is a mountainous country bordered by arid lands with a unique climate that fosters rich biodiversity. According to current data, Afghanistan is home to approximately 5,000 species of flowering and vascular plants. Of these, 29% are endemic, around 700 species possess medicinal and aromatic properties, and 120 species are commonly used in traditional Afghan medicine. Some of these plants are cultivated, while others, found in the wild, hold potential for domestication. However, years of internal conflict have led to the illegal exploitation and export of these valuable natural resou

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22

Akhtar, Imranullah, and Nazifullah Niazi. "Government of Afghanistan Republic from Revolution to Collapse: A Realist Perspective on Political Dominance." American Journal of Law and Political Science 2, no. 4 (2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.58425/ajlps.v2i4.218.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the collapse of the Republic of Afghanistan’s government, and to identify the main factors contributing to its collapse. By analyzing a variety of political and historical factors, the research seeks to find the underlying causes of the collapse of the government. Methods: This research used a qualitative research design, including document and articles analysis. The sources of data included books, academic articles, and reports. The data was analyzed using a realist framework to identify the underlying causes of the collapse of the Government of

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23

Wishnick, Elizabeth. "Post-2014 Afghanistan Policy and the Limitations of China’s Global Role." Central Asian Affairs 1, no. 1 (2014): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142290-00101009.

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Although China is Afghanistan’s neighbor, strategic partner, and one of its largest foreign investors, it has kept a low profile overall on Afghanistan compared to other states in the region. This article seeks to understand China’s Afghanistan policy within the context of the Chinese government’s overall approach to foreign affairs. A review of China’s Afghanistan policy show a reluctant involvement, with domestic economic and security interests leading and foreign policy following. A final section examines the uncertain policy environment that China faces in devising an Afghanistan policy an

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24

Safi, Lutfullah, Abdul Ghias Safi, and Mujeebullah Mujeeb. "Identifying Afghanistan’s Extraordinary Natural Sites for Ecotourism: A Review of Ideal Ecosystems." Journal of Natural Science Review 2, no. 4 (2024): 147–68. https://doi.org/10.62810/jnsr.v2i4.152.

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Ecotourism is a type of nature-based tourism that supports conserving the natural environment. Afghanistan, at the crossroads of Central, West, and South Asia, is a beautiful and diverse nation that could be the best place for ecotourism. Afghanistan's unique geography and rich history make it an ideal ecotourism destination. The study aimed to understand potential ecotourism sites in Afghanistan and the environmental and economic impacts of ecotourism activities. Afghanistan's major ecotourism sites include biodiversity reserves, wildlife, rangelands, forests, lakes, wetlands, tourism sites,

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25

Khan, Hameed Ullah, and Amna Mahmood. "The Stabilizing Role of Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Afghanistan." Central Asia 92, Summer (2024): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-92.200.

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Terrorism is one of the main reasons contributing to Afghanistan's insecurity. The fragile peace in Afghanistan has given terrorist groups much freedom to manoeuvre and grow. These situations require the countries in the region to assume greater responsibility to stabilise the country. Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) member states and Afghanistan relations are based on historical friendship and shared interests. The SCO's involvement in Afghanistan is facilitated by the common interests of Pakistan, China, Russia, and other neighbouring countries. The withdrawal of the North Atlantic T

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26

Atif, Abdul Wali. "The Geopolitical Location of Afghanistan: Opportunities and Challenges in Relations with South and Central Asian Countries." ATJSS 1, no. 1 (2024): 58–66. https://doi.org/10.63476/atjss.v1i1.64.

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The geopolitical location of Afghanistan is crucial for Central Asian and South Asian countries, as it provides opportunities and challenges for connectivity. Afghanistan's geopolitical location is significant in the Central Asian Era, as bordering countries exploit its natural resources, rivers, and possibilities. Afghanistan was the only mandatory corridor for empires like Genghis Khan, the Safavids, the Alexandrians, the British, the Russians, and the USA. The geopolitical location of Afghanistan has been a significant factor in regional cooperation organizations, reducing turbulences in th

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27

Samarqandi, Muzhgan. "Afghanistan, the Taliban and the liberation narrative: Why it is so vital to be telling our own stories." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 28, no. 1 & 2 (2022): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v28i1and2.1238.

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Commentary: In the context of a liberation narrative, an Afghanistani broadcaster and cultural affairs adviser now living in Aotearoa New Zealand, examines the problems with this narrative when applied to the recent controversy of a pregnant New Zealand journalist in Afghanistan and her conflict with the government and the MIQ system. Firstly, this narrative relies on the assumption that ‘there isn’t anyone in Afghanistan who can write in English and tell the stories of Afghanistan to the world’. It also relies on the assumption that a foreigner, with no lived experience of our reality, can te

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Atif, Abdul Wali. "The Geopolitical Location of Afghanistan: Opportunities and Challenges in Relations with South and Central Asian Countries." ATJSS 1, no. 1 (2024): 58–65. https://doi.org/10.63476/atjss.v1i1.50.

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The geopolitical location of Afghanistan is crucial for Central Asian and South Asian countries, as it provides opportunities and challenges for connectivity. Afghanistan's geopolitical location is significant in the Central Asian Era, as bordering countries exploit its natural resources, rivers, and possibilities. Afghanistan was the only mandatory corridor for empires like Genghis Khan, the Safavids, the Alexandrians, the British, the Russians, and the USA. The geopolitical location of Afghanistan has been a significant factor in regional cooperation organizations, reducing turbulences in th

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29

Parveen, Dr Saima. "CHINA GEO-POLITICAL CONTOURS IN AFGHANISTAN." Journal of Pakistan-China Studies (JPCS) 3, no. 1 (2022): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.55733/jpcs.v3i1.37.

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Afghanistan as pivotal in this region as it provides a land bridge between Greater Central Asia northern and southern parts and between Middle East and Greater Central Asia as well. The US intervention in Afghanistan has opened a channel for Beijing geo-political objectives in Afghanistan. China’s economic interests are connected with Afghanistan and investing in Afghanistan’s infrastructure development but threats from Islamic extremism has inundated the region which has been infested into Xinjiang province with enhanced drug trade. This research investigates the interests of China through an

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30

Akhtar, Imranullah. "The Significance of International Cooperation on Climate Change Mitigation in Afghanistan." Nangarhar University International Journal of Biosciences 03, ICCC(special) (2024): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.70436/nuijb.v3i02.263.

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Afghanistan confronts significant issues as a result of climate change, as the nation is susceptible to landslides, floods, droughts, and rising temperatures. Studying how international cooperation influences Afghanistan's attempts to mitigate climate change becomes crucial in light of these challenges. This study delves into the significance of such cooperation and its influence on Afghanistan's climate change policies and governance. To explore this topic, we employed a qualitative research approach along with content analysis, framed within a neoliberal framework. By adopting this approach,

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Rahmany, Gulab Mir. "Social Development Through International Relations." Khazanah Sosial 3, no. 1 (2021): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ks.v3i1.10711.

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With the horrific incident on September 11 in the US, the US armed forces entered Afghanistan to shut the door to terrorism. Now, Afghanistan opens a new page for Afghanistan's internal and external political system. Afghanistan as a country that has pursued regional cooperation from neighboring countries, especially from India. India is the most promising country for Afghanistan's foreign policy and diplomatic relations in areas such as economic, cultural, technical, capacity building, military and other growth. The purpose of this study is to examine the development process of the two countr

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Dadabaev, Timur. "Afghanistan in 2018." Asian Survey 59, no. 1 (2019): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2019.59.1.114.

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Three aspects symbolize the state of affairs in and around Afghanistan in 2018: the fragmentation of domestic political actors, the increasing desecuritization of rhetoric with respect to Afghanistan by neighboring countries, and the diversification of Afghanistan’s global partners. While the US strategy showed signs of stalling amid increasing violence and the fragmentation of local actors, there are changes in the attitude of neighboring states.

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Mazloum Yar, Fayaz Gul, Ihsan Ullah Ihsan, and Mohammad Shafiq Hafiz. "Analyzing the Role of Great Powers in Creating the Durand Line and Its impact on Afghanistan-Pakistan Relations." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 3, no. 4 (2022): 673–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v3i4.551.

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The existence of countries based on borders is the product of the second half of the nineteenth century, and Afghanistan is the first country to be established on this basis. Afghanistan's current political borders are imposed, largely influenced by the political struggles and rivalries of the British and Tsarist Russia in the 19th century and during the Great Game to prevent a direct confrontation between the two powers in Central Asia. They set up a barrier between themselves and established the country's political borders through several treaties. Meanwhile, the Durand Line and the issue of

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Ahady, Shambalid, Nirendra Dev, and Anubha Mandal. "An overview of the opportunities and challenges in sustaining the energy industry in Afghanistan." E3S Web of Conferences 173 (2020): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017303006.

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Energy access is not only crucial for economic growth but also important for any strategy to improve the health and social welfare of a nation. Afghanistan’s energy industry is in poor condition due to many years of war and negligence. Despite international agencies’ support and energy policies adopted in the last few years, Afghanistan has no universal access to power. Besides, the residences suffer from an irregular distribution of power supply. There is a growing gap between demand and supply, and the current predictions of demand do not show reality due to hindered economic growth. Afghani

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35

Qayum, Huma, Syed Umair Jalal, and Uroosa Ishfaq. "CHINAS GROWING STRATEGIC INTERESTS IN AFGHANISTAN." Global Political Review 3, no. 1 (2018): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2018(iii-i).10.

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China is giving a push to the reconciliation process among the Taliban and the Afghan government. As well as working on trilateral relations of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and China. China is looking for CPEC expansion to Afghanistan through Pakistan, for which China seeks to explore the ways of reconciliation in Afghanistan among the Taliban and the Afghan government. US wants his long stay in Afghanistan to check the regional power of China and Russia, while China is taking interest in the Afghan peace process to smooth the way for US complete withdrawal. China along with other regional powers in

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36

Fayzullaev, Aziz. "EVOLUTION OF AFGHAN-TURKISH RELATIONS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 6, no. 7 (2024): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume06issue07-04.

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The initiatives of Atatürk and Amonullah Khan, the first charismatic leaders of these countries, played a major role in the establishment of hundred-year-old warm relations between Afghanistan and Turkey. This article shows the importance of the Turkish model in the modernization of Afghanistan, the role of Turkish specialists in the development of the education, health and military sectors in Afghanistan. Turkey's participation and initiatives in Afghanistan's membership of international agreements are highlighted.

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Mbaeze, Netchy Christian, Kingsley Chukwuka Ezechi, and Felix Vincent Nnamani. "The Role of International Law and Diplomacy in Inter-State Relations: Implications for Afghanistan and American War Relations." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2, no. 1 (2024): 513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(1).44.

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This study examines the role of international law and diplomacy in interstate relations, with implications for American-Afghanistan relations. Specifically, the study sets out to interrogate whether US war relations on terror in Afghanistan has reduced terrorism in the country; ascertain how US counter-terrorism strategic relations in Afghanistan undermined jus in bello principles of proportionality and discrimination; and determine how US strategy failure in its Afghanistan’s relations undermined its reconstruction and peace-building efforts. By adopting the Just War Theory (JWT), the paper a

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Yar, Fayaz Gul Mazloum, and Ahmad Sabir Noori. "Challenges and Constraints in the Economic Development of Rural Areas in Afghanistan and Solutions for Development." Jurnal Syntax Transformation 5, no. 11 (2024): 1255–62. https://doi.org/10.46799/jst.v5i11.1020.

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This study aims to investigate the challenges and constraints of economic development in Afghanistan's rural areas and to propose solutions to overcome these obstacles. Rural economic development in Afghanistan faces significant challenges due to infrastructure deficiencies, financial and social limitations, and high rates of labor migration to urban areas. In this regard, the study seeks to analyze these inhibiting factors and provide practical, policy-oriented solutions to improve the economic conditions of Afghanistan’s rural communities. This research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, com

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Tarzi, Amin. "Islam and Constitutionalism in Afghanistan." Journal of Persianate Studies 5, no. 2 (2012): 205–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18747167-12341244.

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Abstract A constitution is adopted to regulate the relationship between political authorities and the people in a society. Traditionally, this relationship was very loose in Afghanistan; over time, however, as amirs sought to consolidate political and social authority over their society, the establishment of a constitutional framework became a priority for each new leader. This article chronicles Afghanistan’s state formation and constitutional history, beginning with Amir Dust Mohammad Khan’s state consolidation efforts in 1838, and considering all of the constitutions of the country beginnin

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Malik, Tasleem, Faizullah Jan, and Zia Ullah. "The epistemicide in Afghanistan: an analysis of Taliban’s policies towards national and cultural symbols." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 7, no. 2 (2023): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/7.2.4.

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After taking over Kabul for the second time when the US-led NATO forces left Afghanistan in 2021, the Taliban resumed their past practices. To run the affairs of Afghanistan, the Taliban use political Islam, the way they understand and interpret it, as the nodal point around which they articulate the signs and symbols in a chain of equivalence. This paper analyses the Taliban’s policies regarding Afghanistan's historical, national, and cultural symbols. Using epistemicide as an analytical device, we argue that in the name of Puritanism and the reconstitution of Afghanistan, according to Sharia

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Ekram Yawar, Mohammad. "Examining the Importance of Education Management with the Approach of Building a Culture of Commerce and E-Economy in Afghan Society." Luminis Applied Science and Engineering 2, no. 1 (2025): 77–92. https://doi.org/10.69760/lumin.20250001014.

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The growth and development of Afghanistan's communication system, despite being mountainous, has been very rapid. It is now growing at a rapid pace using modern technologies, and more than 80% of the country is covered by GSM l telecommunications. In Afghanistan, more than 80,000 people own telephones, and 80 times this number also own mobile phones, and most of the people's payments are made via mobile phones. A new service that has emerged in Afghanistan is the electronic payment service for people via mobile phones, which is discussed in this article. Due to its security and people's trust

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Saboor, Abdul, Sardar Ahmed, and Taha Shabbir. "Post Withdrawal Situation of us Troops from Afghanistan: Role of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)." Global International Relations Review IV, no. IV (2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iv).05.

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The study of international relations has been re-examined in light of a global perspective on politics since the conclusion of World War 2 and the September 11 terrorist attacks. Examining Afghanistan's connection with the SCO is a relatively new subject of study. Between 2001 and 2011,China intervened strategically and economically in Afghanistan in the Bonn talks between Afghanistan, China, and the SCO. Afghanistan was awarded observer status by the SCO in 2012 in order to facilitate the integration of the broader area into the SCO and diminish US-NATO influence in the nation where Russia's

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Atta, Ali Imran, Taimoor Akbar Chaudhury, and Mustansar Abbas. "Taliban Annexation of Kabul and the End of US Involvement: Opportunities and Challenges for Islamabad." Contemporary Issues in Social Sciences and Management Practices 4, no. 4 (2023): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.61503/cissmp.v2i4.100.

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Since the middle of the 1990s, Pakistan and the Taliban have maintained a positive relationship. Pakistan's aggressive actions as Afghanistan's eastern neighbor have contributed to the Taliban's recent takeover. After the Afghan government left office, there was a rise in anti-Pakistan sentiment. It is likely that India will end its structural presence and turn its borders against Pakistan. This study seeks to offer a thorough analysis of the effects of Pakistan's post-Taliban rule in Afghanistan. Pakistan is in a precarious position as a result of Afghanistan's quickly changing scenario and w

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Akhter, Muhammad Nauman. "New Perspectives on China's Evolving Relations with Afghanistan." Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review VI, no. II (2021): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-ii).10.

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Afghanistan lies within the second and third of four-concentric security circles of China and is very important as the region for stability in the western part of China. The post 9/11 periods marked by the shifts in policies generally by the world and particularly by neighboring countries of Afghanistan: China, Iran, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, and Tajikistan. By reviewing China’s non-interventionist policy, the question arises here: what is China’s engagement policy towards Afghanistan?The research intends to address the question by analyzing Sion-Afghanistan’s economic, diplom

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(Mohaddesi), Mohammad Jawad Mosawi, and Aziz Ahmad Fazli. "The Impact of India-Afghanistan Relations on the Economic Situation in Afghanistan." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 5, no. 1 (2025): 115–26. https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.5.1.16.

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Afghanistan lost nearly all its economic infrastructure during more than three decades of war. Following the events of September 11 and the establishment of a new order, the country adopted a market-based economic system in its new constitution and pursued policies aligned with this model. Currently, Afghanistan maintains trade and transit agreements with neighboring and South Asian countries, including India, a key economic power in the region. Globally, India ranks as one of the largest developing nations and the fourth-largest economy, offering substantial economic opportunities for both co

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Aria, Asadullah, Mohammad Bilal Tayeb, and Abuzar Khpalwak Zazai. "China's New Approach to Neighborhood Diplomacy: Analyzing the Economic and Political Relations with Afghanistan in the Post-2014 Period." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 5, no. 8 (2023): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2023.5.8.11.

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In recent years, Sino-Afghan relations have seen unprecedented growth, with China actively involving itself in Afghanistan's political transformation due to its longstanding friendly ties with the country. This marks China's efforts to play a proactive role in Afghanistan. The gradual withdrawal of NATO and US forces since 2014 has prompted China to adopt a new geopolitical approach towards the region. The new phase of Afghanistan-China relations has the potential to transform China from a mere observer into a constructive and intervening force in Afghanistan. This article aims to shed light o

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Akhtar, Imranullah, and Nazifullah Niazi. "A Review on the Great Game in Afghanistan: A Realist Perspective on the Geopolitical Struggle for Control." Journal of International Relations and Peace 1, no. 1 (2024): 15–22. https://doi.org/10.54536/jirp.v1i1.2723.

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This review aims to analyze the Great Game in Afghanistan from a realist perspective, focusing on the geopolitical struggle for control among major powers. The study delves into historical events and power dynamics to comprehend the motivations and actions of key actors. The Great Game in Afghanistan refers to the historical rivalry and strategic competition between great powers for regional influence and control. This review adopts a realist perspective, which asserts that states act primarily in their own self-interest and pursue power and security in international relations. The methods emp

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Yuldashev, Anvar E., and Ulugbek A. Saidov. "THE FACTOR OF AFGHANISTAN IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF UZBEKISTAN." Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals 4, no. 1 (2024): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/jsshrf-04-01-05.

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This article examines the significance of Afghanistan in shaping the foreign policy of Uzbekistan. The geopolitical proximity of Uzbekistan to Afghanistan has had a profound impact on its foreign policy decisions, particularly in the realms of security, trade, and regional cooperation. Since the emergence of an independent Uzbekistan in 1991, the country has recognized the strategic importance of fostering stable and cooperative relations with its southern neighbor, Afghanistan. This article delves into the historical context of Uzbekistan-Afghanistan relations and analyzes the evolving dynami

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Cao, Tianyi. "An Analysis of Afghanistan's Postwar Condition and How to Use AI Technology to Address It." American Journal of Trade and Policy 10, no. 1 (2023): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v10i1.648.

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In August 2021, President Biden announced the withdrawal of the US army from Afghanistan. As the final armed force withdrew on August 30th, 2021, the long-term direct interference of the US army in Afghanistan ended. Since the Afghanistan War in 2001, US-led forces have sought to eliminate insurgencies and reestablish social and political orders. In the past 20 years, the US has spent considerable effort and funds to assist in the recovery and development of Afghanistan. The reappearance of the Taliban in power in Afghanistan and the retreat of US forces from the nation revealed that all the e

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Akram, Saira, and Muqarrab Akbar. "US Withdrawal from Afghanistan: Emerging Challenges and Future Prospects." Global Foreign Policies Review VI, no. I (2023): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gfpr.2023(vi-i).09.

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The US withdrawal from Afghanistan in August 2021 marked the end of almost two decades of military presence in the country. However, the withdrawal has created significant challenges and opportunities for Afghanistan, the region, and the international community. The Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan following the US withdrawal has raised concerns about security, human rights, governance, and the economic situation in the country. The international community needs to work together to ensure that Afghanistan remains stable, peaceful, and prosperous. Future prospects for Afghanistan include regio

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