Academic literature on the topic 'Aflasafe'
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Journal articles on the topic "Aflasafe"
1
Johnson, A. M., J. R. Fulton, T. Abdoulaye, et al. "Aflatoxin awareness and Aflasafe adoption potential of Nigerian smallholder maize farmers." World Mycotoxin Journal 11, no. 3 (2018): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2018.2345.
Full textAbstract:
Aflatoxin is a potent mycotoxin that can cause cancer and death and is associated with stunted growth. Prevalence of aflatoxin is widespread in Africa negatively impacting health and trade. Aflasafe is a biological control product that can be applied to maize or groundnut fields to reduce aflatoxin contamination. This study examines the levels of aflatoxin and Aflasafe awareness and understanding among smallholder maize farmers in Nigeria. In addition, the factors affecting Aflasafe purchase patterns and sustained usage over multiple growing seasons by farmers were evaluated. In-person surveys of 902 Nigerian smallholder farmers were conducted during October and November of 2016. This work contributes to the existing literature by documenting awareness levels of aflatoxin and use of Aflasafe as a control in Nigeria. Results suggest that the level of awareness of aflatoxin was very high in states where Aflasafe was promoted as an intervention for aflatoxin management. In Kaduna state, the region with the longest intervention, there was a consistent increase in the usage of Aflasafe since its introduction in 2010. Furthermore, farmers who purchase Aflasafe bundled (combined) with other inputs were more likely to persist in using the product. Education was found to significantly and positively impact continued usage of Aflasafe. Continued interventions, promotion and general education of the public are recommended for increased awareness, trial, and adoption of Aflasafe in Nigeria.
2
Ayedun, Bamikole, Godwin Okpachu, Victor Manyong, et al. "An Assessment of Willingness To Pay by Maize and Groundnut Farmers for Aflatoxin Biocontrol Product in Northern Nigeria." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 9 (2017): 1451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-281.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT In Nigeria, Aflasafe is a registered biological product for reducing aflatoxin infestation of crops from the field to storage, making the crops safer for consumption. The important questions are whether farmers will purchase and apply this product to reduce aflatoxin contamination of crops, and if so under what conditions. A study was carried out to address these questions and assess determinants of willingness to pay (WTP) for the product among maize and groundnut farmers in Kano and Kaduna states in Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 492 farmers. The majority of farmers who had direct experience with Aflasafe (experienced farmers) in Kano (80.7%) and Kaduna (84.3%) had a WTP bid value equal to or greater than the threshold price ($10) at which Aflasafe was to be sold. The mean WTP estimates for Aflasafe for experienced farmers in Kano and Kaduna were statistically the same. However, values of $3.56 and $7.46 were offered in Kano and Kaduna states, respectively, by farmers who had never applied Aflasafe (inexperienced farmers), and the difference here was significant (P < 0.01). Regression results indicate that contact with extension agents (P < 0.01) and access to credit (P < 0.05) positively and significantly influenced the probability that a farmer would be willing to pay more for Aflasafe than the threshold price. Lack of awareness of the importance of Aflasafe was the major reason cited by inexperienced farmers (64% in Kano state and 21% in Kaduna state) for not using the product. A market strategy promoting a premium price for aflatoxin-safe produce and creating awareness and explaining the availability of Aflasafe to potential users should increase Aflasafe usage.
3
Aikore, M. O. Samuel, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, Daisy Eruvbetine, et al. "Performance of Broilers Fed with Maize Colonized by Either Toxigenic or Atoxigenic Strains of Aspergillus flavus with and without an Aflatoxin-Sequestering Agent." Toxins 11, no. 10 (2019): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11100565.
Full textAbstract:
In warm agricultural areas across the globe, maize, groundnut, and other crops become frequently contaminated with aflatoxins produced primarily by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Crop contamination with those highly toxic and carcinogenic compounds impacts both human and animal health, as well as the income of farmers and trade. In Nigeria, poultry productivity is hindered by high prevalence of aflatoxins in feeds. A practical solution to decrease crop aflatoxin content is to use aflatoxin biocontrol products based on non-toxin-producing strains of A. flavus. The biocontrol product Aflasafe® was registered in 2014 for use in maize and groundnut grown in Nigeria. Its use allows the production of aflatoxin-safe maize and groundnut. A portion of the maize treated with Aflasafe in Nigeria is being used to manufacture feeds used by the poultry industry, and productivity is improving. One of the conditions to register Aflasafe with the national regulator was to demonstrate both the safety of Aflasafe-treated maize to avian species and the impact of Aflasafe as a public good. Results presented here demonstrate that the use of maize colonized by an atoxigenic strain of Aflasafe resulted in superior (p < 0.05) broiler performance in all evaluated parameters in comparison to broilers fed with toxigenic maize. Use of an aflatoxin-sequestering agent (ASA) was not sufficient to counteract the harmful effects of aflatoxins. Both the safety and public good value of Aflasafe were demonstrated during our study. In Nigeria, the availability of aflatoxin-safe crops as a result of using Aflasafe allows poultry producers to improve their productivity, their income, and the health of consumers of poultry products.
4
Senghor, L. A., A. Ortega-Beltran, J. Atehnkeng, K. A. Callicott, P. J. Cotty, and R. Bandyopadhyay. "The Atoxigenic Biocontrol Product Aflasafe SN01 Is a Valuable Tool to Mitigate Aflatoxin Contamination of Both Maize and Groundnut Cultivated in Senegal." Plant Disease 104, no. 2 (2020): 510–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-19-0575-re.
Full textAbstract:
Aflatoxin contamination of groundnut and maize infected by Aspergillus section Flavi fungi is common throughout Senegal. The use of biocontrol products containing atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains to reduce crop aflatoxin content has been successful in several regions, but no such products are available in Senegal. The biocontrol product Aflasafe SN01 was developed for use in Senegal. The four active ingredients of Aflasafe SN01 are atoxigenic A. flavus genotypes native to Senegal and distinct from active ingredients used in other biocontrol products. Efficacy tests on groundnut and maize in farmers’ fields were carried out in Senegal during the course of 5 years. Active ingredients were monitored with vegetative compatibility analyses. Significant (P < 0.05) displacement of aflatoxin producers occurred in all years, districts, and crops. In addition, crops from Aflasafe SN01-treated fields contained significantly (P < 0.05) fewer aflatoxins both at harvest and after storage. Most crops from treated fields contained aflatoxin concentrations permissible in both local and international markets. Results suggest that Aflasafe SN01 is an effective tool for aflatoxin mitigation in groundnut and maize. Large-scale use of Aflasafe SN01 should provide health, trade, and economic benefits for Senegal. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
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Ezekiel, Chibundu N., Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, Eniola O. Oyedeji, et al. "Aflatoxin in Chili Peppers in Nigeria: Extent of Contamination and Control Using Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Genotypes as Biocontrol Agents." Toxins 11, no. 7 (2019): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11070429.
Full textAbstract:
Across sub-Saharan Africa, chili peppers are fundamental ingredients of many traditional dishes. However, chili peppers may contain unsafe aflatoxin concentrations produced by Aspergillus section Flavi fungi. Aflatoxin levels were determined in chili peppers from three states in Nigeria. A total of 70 samples were collected from farmers’ stores and local markets. Over 25% of the samples contained unsafe aflatoxin concentrations. The chili peppers were associated with both aflatoxin producers and atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus genotypes. Efficacy of an atoxigenic biocontrol product, Aflasafe, registered in Nigeria for use on maize and groundnut, was tested for chili peppers grown in three states. Chili peppers treated with Aflasafe accumulated significantly less aflatoxins than nontreated chili peppers. The results suggest that Aflasafe is a valuable tool for the production of safe chili peppers. Use of Aflasafe in chili peppers could reduce human exposure to aflatoxins and increase chances to commercialize chili peppers in premium local and international markets. This is the first report of the efficacy of any atoxigenic biocontrol product for controlling aflatoxin in a spice crop.
6
Bandyopadhyay, R., A. Ortega-Beltran, A. Akande, et al. "Biological control of aflatoxins in Africa: current status and potential challenges in the face of climate change." World Mycotoxin Journal 9, no. 5 (2016): 771–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2016.2130.
Full textAbstract:
Aflatoxin contamination of crops is frequent in warm regions across the globe, including large areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Crop contamination with these dangerous toxins transcends health, food security, and trade sectors. It cuts across the value chain, affecting farmers, traders, markets, and finally consumers. Diverse fungi within Aspergillus section Flavi contaminate crops with aflatoxins. Within these Aspergillus communities, several genotypes are not capable of producing aflatoxins (atoxigenic). Carefully selected atoxigenic genotypes in biological control (biocontrol) formulations efficiently reduce aflatoxin contamination of crops when applied prior to flowering in the field. This safe and environmentally friendly, effective technology was pioneered in the US, where well over a million acres of susceptible crops are treated annually. The technology has been improved for use in sub-Saharan Africa, where efforts are under way to develop biocontrol products, under the trade name Aflasafe, for 11 African nations. The number of participating nations is expected to increase. In parallel, state of the art technology has been developed for large-scale inexpensive manufacture of Aflasafe products under the conditions present in many African nations. Results to date indicate that all Aflasafe products, registered and under experimental use, reduce aflatoxin concentrations in treated crops by >80% in comparison to untreated crops in both field and storage conditions. Benefits of aflatoxin biocontrol technologies are discussed along with potential challenges, including climate change, likely to be faced during the scaling-up of Aflasafe products. Lastly, we respond to several apprehensions expressed in the literature about the use of atoxigenic genotypes in biocontrol formulations. These responses relate to the following apprehensions: sorghum as carrier, distribution costs, aflatoxin-conscious markets, efficacy during drought, post-harvest benefits, risk of allergies and/or aspergillosis, influence of Aflasafe on other mycotoxins and on soil microenvironment, dynamics of Aspergillus genotypes, and recombination between atoxigenic and toxigenic genotypes in natural conditions.
7
Akande, T. O., A. S. Agboola, and F. P. Okunola. "Mycological and chemical screening of maize at open Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 4 (2020): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i4.507.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the present study was to screen maize at the open markets in Osun state, Nigeria to determine species of fungi total aflatoxin content and changes inproximate, energy and some vitamins content of maize grains. A total of forty five mouldy maize samples were collected from the six different open markets within the region which were later bulked into six representative samples (20-50Kg) for each market while Aflasafe maize, obtained from the Internationa lInstitute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) was used as a control.There presentative samples from the bulk were taken for proximate,selected vitamins and total aflatoxin contents determination.The quantitative enumeration of fungias colony forming units per gram of the grains (CFU/g) was performed using the surface spread method in different culture media. The results of fungi profile were further expressed as fungal isolation frequency (IF) and relative density (RD). Twelve (12) species and seven fungi genera were isolated in this study. The total fungi count ranged from 1.50x10 to 2.1X10 CFU/g in the six different locations. Aspergillus flavus, Rhyzopus stolonifer and Aspergillus glaucus were the most prevalent species Aspergillus and Rhizopus species occurred at 100% and 87% (IF) respectively. The toxigenic species of Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicellium had 85.7%,14.3% and 14.3% RD respectively. The proximate contents of the mouldy maize reduced by 11.54% for crude protein, 12.72% for ether extract and 1.12% for ash while about 5% caloric loss was observed. Total Aflatoxin in mouldy maize rose from near zero in aflasafe maize to 267.41µg/Kg with an average value of 142.0µg/Kg in mouldy maize while retinol and tocopherol contents were depleted by 48.7% and 37.6% respectively. This study indicated substantial loss of nutrients and reduced feed value in maize due to mould contamination and the need for continuous assessment offered ingredients particularly maize for mycological and nutritive status in order to feed animals for optimal performance
8
Kushiro, Masayo. "Visit to Aflasafe factory in Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) Katumani Research Centre, Machakos, Kenya." JSM Mycotoxins 68, no. 2 (2018): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2520/myco.68-2-7.
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Migwi, Bernard, Charity Mutegi, John Mburu, et al. "Assessment of willingness-to-pay for Aflasafe KE01, a native biological control product for aflatoxin management in Kenya." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 37, no. 11 (2020): 1951–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2020.1817571.
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10
Okike, Iheanacho, Anandan Samireddypalle, Lawrence Kaptoge, et al. "Technical innovations for small-scale producers and households to process wet cassava peels into high quality animal feed ingredients and aflasafe™ substrate." Food Chain 5, no. 1-2 (2015): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/2046-1887.2015.005.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Aflasafe"
1
Bandyopadhyay, R., A. Ortega-Beltran, A. Akande, et al. "Biological control of aflatoxins in Africa: current status and potential challenges in the face of climate change." WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622460.
Full textAbstract:
Aflatoxin contamination of crops is frequent in warm regions across the globe, including large areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Crop contamination with these dangerous toxins transcends health, food security, and trade sectors. It cuts across the value chain, affecting farmers, traders, markets, and finally consumers. Diverse fungi within Aspergillus section Flavi contaminate crops with aflatoxins. Within these Aspergillus communities, several genotypes are not capable of producing aflatoxins (atoxigenic). Carefully selected atoxigenic genotypes in biological control (biocontrol) formulations efficiently reduce aflatoxin contamination of crops when applied prior to flowering in the field. This safe and environmentally friendly, effective technology was pioneered in the US, where well over a million acres of susceptible crops are treated annually. The technology has been improved for use in sub-Saharan Africa, where efforts are under way to develop biocontrol products, under the trade name Aflasafe, for 11 African nations. The number of participating nations is expected to increase. In parallel, state of the art technology has been developed for large-scale inexpensive manufacture of Aflasafe products under the conditions present in many African nations. Results to date indicate that all Aflasafe products, registered and under experimental use, reduce aflatoxin concentrations in treated crops by > 80% in comparison to untreated crops in both field and storage conditions. Benefits of aflatoxin biocontrol technologies are discussed along with potential challenges, including climate change, likely to be faced during the scaling-up of Aflasafe products. Lastly, we respond to several apprehensions expressed in the literature about the use of atoxigenic genotypes in biocontrol formulations. These responses relate to the following apprehensions: sorghum as carrier, distribution costs, aflatoxin-conscious markets, efficacy during drought, post-harvest benefits, risk of allergies and/or aspergillosis, influence of Aflasafe on other mycotoxins and on soil microenvironment, dynamics of Aspergillus genotypes, and recombination between atoxigenic and toxigenic genotypes in natural conditions.
2
(7041278), Sharon Wanjiru Kinyungu. "Efficacy of pre-harvest Aspergillus flavus biocontrol treatment on reducing aflatoxin accumulation during drying." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
<p>Maize is a major calorie source for people living
in Sub-Sahara Africa. In this region, <i>Aspergillus
flavus</i> causes ear rot diseases in maize, contributing to food insecurity
due to aflatoxin contamination. The biological control principle of competitive
exclusion has been applied in both the United States and Africa to effectively
reduce aflatoxin levels in maize at harvest by introducing atoxigenic strains
that out-compete toxigenic strains. The goal of this study was to determine if
the efficacy of preharvest biocontrol treatments carry over into the drying
period, which is often delayed in Sub-Sahara Africa by the complexities of
postharvest drying practices and lack of modern drying machinery. Maize was
collected from fields in Texas and North Carolina that were treated with
commercial biocontrol, and control fields that were untreated. To simulate
moisture conditions similar to those experienced by farmers during drying in
Sub-Sahara Africa, we adjusted the grain to 20% moisture content and incubated
it at 28 ℃ for 6 days. Although the
initial number of infected kernels in most samples were high, less than 24% of
kernels were infected with <i>Aspergillus
flavus</i> and aflatoxin levels were low (<4ppb). Both toxigenic and
atoxigenic strains increased and spread through the grain over the incubation
period, and aflatoxin levels increased, even in samples from biocontrol-treated
fields. Our molecular analysis suggests that applied biocontrol strains from
treated fields migrate to untreated fields. The results also indicate that the
population of toxigenic <i>A. flavus</i> in
the harvested grain will grow and produce aflatoxin during the drying period
when moisture is high. Therefore, any potential postharvest reduction in
aflatoxin accumulation will depend on how effective the biocontrol strain was
at displacing the toxigenic populations prior to harvest.</p>
Reports on the topic "Aflasafe"
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Konlambigue, Matieyedou, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Tracy Shanks, Edward Landreth, and Oscar Jacob. Lessons learned on scaling Aflasafe®through commercialization in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133956.
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