Academic literature on the topic 'AFLW'
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Journal articles on the topic "AFLW"
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Abdel-Hadi, Ahmed, Markus Schmidt-Heydt, Roberto Parra, Rolf Geisen, and Naresh Magan. "A systems approach to model the relationship between aflatoxin gene cluster expression, environmental factors, growth and toxin production by Aspergillus flavus." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 69 (August 31, 2011): 757–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0482.
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A microarray analysis was used to examine the effect of combinations of water activity ( a w , 0.995–0.90) and temperature (20–42°C) on the activation of aflatoxin biosynthetic genes (30 genes) in Aspergillus flavus grown on a conducive YES (20 g yeast extract, 150 g sucrose, 1 g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O) medium. The relative expression of 10 key genes ( aflF , aflD , aflE , aflM , aflO , aflP , aflQ , aflX , aflR and aflS ) in the biosynthetic pathway was examined in relation to different environmental factors and phenotypic aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) production. These data, plus data on relative growth rates and AFB 1 production under different a w × temperature conditions were used to develop a mixed-growth-associated product formation model. The gene expression data were normalized and then used as a linear combination of the data for all 10 genes and combined with the physical model. This was used to relate gene expression to a w and temperature conditions to predict AFB 1 production. The relationship between the observed AFB 1 production provided a good linear regression fit to the predicted production based in the model. The model was then validated by examining datasets outside the model fitting conditions used (37°C, 40°C and different a w levels). The relationship between structural genes ( aflD , aflM ) in the biosynthetic pathway and the regulatory genes ( aflS , aflJ ) was examined in relation to a w and temperature by developing ternary diagrams of relative expression. These findings are important in developing a more integrated systems approach by combining gene expression, ecophysiological influences and growth data to predict mycotoxin production. This could help in developing a more targeted approach to develop prevention strategies to control such carcinogenic natural metabolites that are prevalent in many staple food products. The model could also be used to predict the impact of climate change on toxin production.
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Roberts, Spencer S. H., Emma Falkenberg, Alysha Stevens, Brad Aisbett, Michele Lastella, and Dominique Condo. "The Sleep of Elite Australian Rules Footballers During Preseason: A Comparison of Men and Women." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0340.
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Purpose: Australian football has elite men’s (Australian Football League; AFL) and women’s (Australian Football League Women’s; AFLW) competitions. This study compared AFL and AFLW players’ sleep and characterized players’ sleep in the context of current sleep recommendations. Methods: A total of 70 players (36 AFL, 34 AFLW) had their sleep monitored via actigraphy over a 10-day preseason period. Sleep outcomes and their intraindividual variation, were compared between AFL and AFLW players using linear mixed models. Proportions of players sleeping ≥7 and ≥8 hours per night, and achieving ≥85% sleep efficiency, were compared using chi-square analyses. Results: Compared with AFL players, AFLW players slept less (7.9 [0.5] vs 7.1 [0.6] h, P = .000), had lower sleep efficiency (89.5% [2.8%] vs 84.0% [4.4%], P = .000), and greater intraindividual variation in sleep efficiency (3.1% [0.9%] vs 5.1% [2.1%], P = .000). A total of 47% of AFLW versus 3% of AFL players averaged <7 hours sleep (χ2 = 18.6, P = .000). A total of 88% of AFLW versus 50% of AFL players averaged <8 hours sleep (χ2 = 11.9, P = .001). A total of 53% of AFLW versus 14% of AFL players averaged <85% sleep efficiency (χ2 = 12.1, P = .001). Conclusions: AFLW players slept less and had poorer sleep quality than AFL players. Many AFLW players do not meet current sleep duration or sleep quality recommendations. Research should test strategies to improve sleep among Australian rules footballers, particularly among elite women.
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Sherwood, Merryn, Marissa Lordanic, Tharindu Bandaragoda, Emma Sherry, and Damminda Alahakoon. "A new league, new coverage? Comparing tweets and media coverage from the first season of AFLW." Media International Australia 172, no. 1 (June 20, 2019): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x19852495.
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Recent research has indicated that coverage of women’s sport has become less trivialised and sexualised, compared to historical coverage. This article uses the inaugural season of the AFL Women’s (AFLW) League in 2017 to explore this concept in both media and Twitter framing. It found that most media coverage and tweets were likely to discuss the AFLW as sport, focusing on match previews and reviews. However, there was evidence that women may still be treated differently to men, as the AFLW players who received the most media coverage also had significant off-field stories that were always mentioned alongside their on-field performance. Analysis of the tweets found that more were focused on the cultural change impact of AFLW. This was further exaggerated when looking at the most shared tweets, which were overwhelmingly focused on the socio-cultural impact of AFLW. This study indicates then that women’s sport is continuing to be normalised as part of regular sports reporting, but also that social media did not necessarily share the same frames as media when discussing AFLW. In an increasingly fragmented media environment, this has implications for media’s agenda-building function.
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Pan, Lin, Peng Chang, Jing Jin, Qingli Yang, and Fuguo Xing. "Dimethylformamide Inhibits Fungal Growth and Aflatoxin B1 Biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus by Down-Regulating Glucose Metabolism and Amino Acid Biosynthesis." Toxins 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110683.
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Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites produced by plant fungal pathogens infecting crops with strong carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Dimethylformamide (DMF) is an excellent solvent widely used in biology, medicine and other fields. However, the effect and mechanism of DMF as a common organic solvent against fungal growth and AFs production are not clear. Here, we discovered that DMF had obvious inhibitory effect against A. flavus, as well as displayed complete strong capacity to combat AFs production. Hereafter, the inhibition mechanism of DMF act on AFs production was revealed by the transcriptional expression analysis of genes referred to AFs biosynthesis. With 1% DMF treatment, two positive regulatory genes of AFs biosynthetic pathway aflS and aflR were down-regulated, leading to the suppression of the structural genes in AFs cluster like aflW, aflP. These changes may be due to the suppression of VeA and the subsequent up-regulation of FluG. Exposure to DMF caused the damage of cell wall and the dysfunction of mitochondria. In particular, it is worth noting that most amino acid biosynthesis and glucose metabolism pathway were down-regulated by 1% DMF using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Taken together, these RNA-Seq data strongly suggest that DMF inhibits fungal growth and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production by A. flavus via the synergistic interference of glucose metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation.
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Fox, Aaron, Jason Bonacci, Samantha Hoffmann, Sophia Nimphius, and Natalie Saunders. "Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in Australian football: should women and girls be playing? You’re asking the wrong question." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, no. 1 (April 2020): e000778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000778.
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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have been a rising concern in the early years of the women’s Australian Football League (AFLW), eliciting headlines of a ‘knee crisis’ surrounding the league. There has been a focus on female biology as the primary factor driving the high rate of ACL injuries in the AFLW. Emphasising Australian football (AF) as being dangerous predominantly due to female biology may be misrepresenting a root cause of the ACL injury problem, perpetuating gender stereotypes that can restrict physical development and participation of women and girls in the sport. We propose that an approach addressing environmental and sociocultural factors, along with biological determinants, is required to truly challenge the ACL injury problem in the AFLW. Sports science and medicine must therefore strive to understand the whole system of women in AF, and question how to address inequities for the benefit of the athletes.
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Tai, Bowen, Jinghua Chang, Yang Liu, and Fuguo Xing. "Recent progress of the effect of environmental factors on Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxins production on foods." Food Quality and Safety 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyz040.
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Abstract The contamination of Aspergillus flavus and subsequent aflatoxins (AFs) has been considered as one of the most serious food safety problems due to their acute and chronic adverse effects on humans and animals. This review collects the available information from recent years on the effect of the major environmental factors such as water activity (aw), temperature, CO2, and pH on the fungal growth, the expression of AFs-related genes, and AFs production by A. flavus on foods. In particular, the relationship between the relative expression of key regulatory (aflR and aflS) and structural genes (aflD, aflO, aflQ, etc.) and AFs production under different environmental conditions are collected and discussed. The information collected in this review can be used to design control strategies of A. flavus and AFs contamination in practical applications, primarily during storage and processing. These data suggest that integrating various post-harvest methods with synergistic functions may be more efficient for the control of A. flavus growth and AFs production, although the individual environmental factors alone have an impact.
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Ren, Xianfeng, Maria Teresa Branà, Miriam Haidukowski, Antonia Gallo, Qi Zhang, Antonio F. Logrieco, Peiwu Li, Shancang Zhao, and Claudio Altomare. "Potential of Trichoderma spp. for Biocontrol of Aflatoxin-Producing Aspergillus flavus." Toxins 14, no. 2 (January 23, 2022): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020086.
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The inhibitory action of 20 antagonistic Trichoderma isolates against the aflatoxigenic isolate A. flavus ITEM 9 (Af-9) and their efficacy in reducing aflatoxin formation in vitro were examined. Production of metabolites with inhibitory effect by the Trichoderma isolates was also investigated. Antagonistic effect against Af-9 was assessed by inhibition of radial growth of the colonies and by fungal interactions in dual confrontation tests. A total of 8 out of 20 isolates resulted in a significant growth inhibition of 3-day-old cultures of Af-9, ranging from 13% to 65%. A total of 14 isolates reduced significantly the aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) content of 15-day-old Af-9 cultures; 4 were ineffective, and 2 increased AfB1. Reduction of AfB1 content was up to 84.9% and 71.1% in 7- and 15-day-old cultures, respectively. Since the inhibition of Af-9 growth by metabolites of Trichoderma was not necessarily associated with inhibition of AfB1 production and vice versa, we investigated the mechanism of reduction of AfB1 content at the molecular level by examining two strains: one (T60) that reduced both growth and mycotoxin content; and the other (T44) that reduced mycotoxin content but not Af-9 growth. The expression analyses for the two regulatory genes aflR and aflS, and the structural genes aflA, aflD, aflO and aflQ of the aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster indicated that neither strain was able to downregulate the aflatoxin synthesis, leading to the conclusion that the AfB1 content reduction by these Trichoderma strains was based on other mechanisms, such as enzyme degradation or complexation. Although further studies are envisaged to identify the metabolites involved in the biocontrol of A. flavus and prevention of aflatoxin accumulation, as well as for assessment of the efficacy under controlled and field conditions, Trichoderma spp. qualify as promising agents and possible alternative options to other biocontrol agents already in use.
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Zhang, H., L. L. Scharfenstein, C. Carter-Wientjes, P. K. Chang, D. Zhang, X. Meng, and J. Yu. "Lack of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus is associated with reduced fungal growth and delayed expression of aflatoxin pathway genes." World Mycotoxin Journal 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2015): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2014.1758.
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Aflatoxins, produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, are the most toxic fungal secondary metabolites that contaminate agricultural commodities such as peanuts, cotton and maize. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of crop resistance to fungal infection is an important step for plant breeders to develop better and improved crop varieties for safe production of human food and animal feed. Infection studies have identified a resistant (R) peanut line, GT-C20, which is able to decrease aflatoxin contamination. The mycelial growth of A. flavus NRRL3357 on the R peanut line was much lower than that on the susceptible (S) peanut line, Tifrunner. Besides reducing fungal growth, the R line compared to the S line inhibited aflatoxin production completely. Real-time RT-PCR assays of both the R and S lines infected by A. flavus showed that expression of five aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway genes, the aflR regulatory gene and the aflD, aflM, aflP and aflQ structural genes, was not reduced but was significantly delayed on the R line. The results suggested that resistance factors of the R line acted negatively on A. flavus growth and also altered fungal development. The dysfunction in development changed the timing and the pattern of aflatoxin gene expression, which in part rendered A. flavus unable to produce aflatoxins.
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Youssef, Nesrine H., Sameer H. Qari, Saleh Matar, Najwa A. Hamad, Eldessoky S. Dessoky, Moustafa M. Elshaer, Sherien Sobhy, et al. "Licorice, Doum, and Banana Peel Extracts Inhibit Aspergillus flavus Growth and Suppress Metabolic Pathway of Aflatoxin B1 Production." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081587.
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Three different concentrations of four (ethanol, acetone, methanol, and diethyl ether) extracts of licorice, doum, and banana peel were evaluated for antifungal and antimycotoxigenic efficiency against a maize aflatoxigenic fungus, Aspergillus flavus. Among them, the licorice diethyl ether 75% extract was intensely active, showing the best wet and dry weight inhibition and exhibiting the highest efficacy ratio (91%). Regarding aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production, all the plant extracts tested were effective against AFB1 production after one month of maize storage, with average efficacy ratios ranging from 74.1% to 97.5%. At the same time, Thiram fungicide exhibited an efficacy ratio of 20.14%. The relative expression levels of three structural genes (aflD, aflP, and aflQ) and two regulatory genes (aflR and aflS) were significantly downregulated when compared to untreated maize grains or Thiram-treated maize grains. The doum diethyl ether 75% peel extract showed the highest total phenolic content (60.48 mg GAE/g dry extract wt.) and antioxidant activity (84.71 μg/mL). GC–MS analysis revealed that dimethoxycinnamic acid, aspartic acid, valproic acid, and linoleic acid might imbue the extracts with antioxidant capacities in relation to fungal growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis. Finally, the results suggest that the three plant extracts can be considered a promising source for developing potentially effective and environmentally safer alternative ways to control aflatoxin formation, thus creating a potentially protective method for grain storage.
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Behiry, Said I., Najwa A. Hamad, Fatimah O. Alotibi, Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar, Amr A. Arishi, Ahmed M. Kenawy, Ibrahim A. Elsamra, et al. "Antifungal and Antiaflatoxigenic Activities of Different Plant Extracts against Aspergillus flavus." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 12908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912908.
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In the current study, four organic solvents, including ethanol, methanol, acetone, and diethyl ether, were used to extract turmeric, wheat bran, and taro peel. The efficiency of three different concentrations of each solvent was assessed for their antifungal and anti-mycotoxin production against Aspergillus flavus. The results indicated that 75% ethanolic and 25% methanolic extracts of taro peels and turmeric were active against fungus growth, which showed the smallest fungal dry weight ratios of 1.61 and 2.82, respectively. Furthermore, the 25% ethanolic extract of turmeric showed the best result (90.78%) in inhibiting aflatoxin B1 production. After 30 days of grain storage, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production was effectively inhibited, and the average inhibition ratio ranged between 4.46% and 69.01%. Simultaneously, the Topsin fungicide resulted in an inhibition ratio of 143.92%. Taro extract (25% acetone) produced the highest total phenolic content (61.28 mg GAE/g dry extract wt.) and showed an antioxidant capacity of 7.45 μg/mL, followed by turmeric 25% ethanol (49.82 mg GAE/g), which revealed the highest antioxidant capacity (74.16 μg/mL). RT-qPCR analysis indicated that the expression of aflD, aflP, and aflQ (structural genes) and aflR and aflS (regulatory genes) was down-regulated significantly compared to both untreated and Topsin-treated maize grains. Finally, the results showed that all three plant extracts could be used as promising source materials for potential products to control aflatoxin formation, thus creating a safer method for grain storage in the environment than the currently used protective method.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AFLW"
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Varrieur, John Michael. "AFLP Marker Analysis Of Monoploid Potato." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33177.
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Potato haploids have been recent components in protoplast fusion research, strategies to combine wild and cultivated potato germplasm and the generation of economically valuable mutant phenotypes. Additionally, most major genetic mapping and QTL analyses in potato have utilized haploid germplasm to simplify linkage-mapping computations. The accuracy of genetic assumptions concerning the randomness and genetic purity of haploid genomes may directly affect the statistical validity of many results in current potato research. In the present study, AFLP analysis was conducted on two sibling S. phureja "BARD 1-3" monoploid populations derived by androgenesis in anther culture, and gynogenesis through the use of a haploid-inducing pollinator, S. phureja "IVP 101." Little indication of somaclonal variation and haploid-inducer gene introgression was found in the monoploid band data suggesting genomic stability. Segregation of marker alleles that were heterozygous in the parent was distorted from the expected 1:1 ratio in both populations, ranging from 35% in the gynogenic monoploids (GM) to 46% in the androgenic monoploids (AM). Genetic diversity appeared more random among the monoploid populations after skewed marker data was removed from phylogenetic analyses. Bilateral and unilateral marker skewness in the monoploid populations may respectively indicate common and unique segregation distorting loci (SDL) present in the AM and GM genomes. Representatives of both SDL types were located on a partial linkage map created using androgenic monoploid data.Master of Science
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Al, Kaabi Helel Humaid Saed Humaid. "Date palm tissue culture and AFLP analysis of plant variability." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409314.
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Dasmahapatra, Kanchon Kumar. "The use of AFLP markers for estimating relatedness and inbreeding." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614696.
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Badenhorst, Daleen. "Development of AFLP markers for Haliotis midae for linkage mapping." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21525.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Haliotis midae, is the only commercially important species of the six abalone species found in South African coastal waters and has become a lucrative commercial commodity. Wild stocks of H. midae are, however, no longer commercially sustainable due to a combination of environmental factors and poaching. The solution to the crisis is artificial production systems in the form of abalone farms. An abalone enhancement programme was initiated in South Africa in 2006, funded by industry and government. This programme focuses on the elucidation of the abalone genome and genetic factors contributing to increased productivity, thereby aiding the commercial production of abalone. The aims of this study, the first of its kind concerning H. midae, were to develop AFLPbased markers (specifically fluorescent AFLP analysis); to monitor the segregation of these markers in a single full-sib family and to use the markers and additional microsatellite markers to generate the first preliminary linkage map for H. midae. Genomic DNA of sufficient quality and purity for fluorescent AFLP analysis was obtained from 3.5-month-old H. midae juveniles. Preliminary linkage maps were constructed using AFLP and microsatellite markers segregating in an F1 family following a pseudo-testcross mapping strategy. Twelve AFLP primer combinations, producing 573 segregating peaks, and 10 microsatellite markers were genotyped in the parents and 108 progeny of the mapping family. Of the 573 segregating AFLP peaks genotyped, 241 segregated in a 1:1 ratio and 332 in a 3:1 ratio. Of these AFLP markers, 90 segregated according to the expected 1:1 Mendelian ratio and 164 segregated according to the expected 3:1 Mendelian ratio at the P = 0.05 level and were used for linkage analysis. Of the 10 microsatellite markers genotyped, nine were informative for linkage mapping analysis. Preliminary male and female genetic linkage maps were developed using markers segregating in the female or male parent. A total of 12 and 10 linkage groups were detected for the female and male maps respectively. The female map covered 1473.5cM and consisted of 56 markers, and the male map covered 738.9cM consisting of 30 markers. Markers with segregation distortion were observed as previously reported in other abalone species and potential homology between one of the linkage groups of the male map and two of the linkage groups of the female map were identified using the 3:1 segregating AFLP markers. In conclusion, the genetic linkage map presented here, despite the fact that it has relatively low genome coverage and low marker density, forms an ideal starting point for more detailed study of the H. midae genome and will provide a scaffold for basic and applied studies in abalone. A high-density linkage map of H. midae should in future be developed with additional co-dominant molecular markers, such as microsatellites, to improve the transferability of the linkage map between different laboratories and among populations. A high-density linkage map will facilitate the mapping of QTL of commercially important traits (i.e. growth) and future MAS breeding programmes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Perlemoenspesie, Haliotis midae, is die enigste spesie van kommersiële belang van die ses wat in die kuswater van Suid-Afrika aangetref word en het ‘n winsgewende handelskommoditeit in Suid-Afrika geword. Die ontginning van natuurlike H. midae populasies is egter, as gevolg van ‘n kombinasie van omgewingsfaktore en stropery nie meer kommersieel volhoubaar nie. Die perlemoenkrisis kan die hoof gebied word deur kunsmatige produksiesisteme op perlemoenplase tot stand te bring. ‘n Perlemoen verbeteringsprogram is in 2006 in Suid-Afrika geïnisieer en word deur die industrie en regering befonds. Die program focus op die ontrafeling van die perlemoen genoom en die genetiese faktore wat bydrae tot verhoogde produksie. Sodanige inligting kan gebruik word om kommersiële perlemoenproduksie te bevorder. Die doel van hierdie studie, die eerste met H. midae, is om AFLP-gebaseerde merkers (spesifiek fluoresserende AFLP analise) te ontwikkel; die segregasie van hierdie merkers te monitor in ‘n enkel volledige verwante familie en die merkers en addisionele mikrosatelliet merkers te gebruik om die eerste voorlopige koppelingskaart vir H. midae te genereer. Genomiese DNS van genoegsame kwaliteit en suiwerheid vir fluoresserende AFLP analise is ge-ekstraeer uit 3.5-maand-oue H. midae individue. Voorlopige koppelingskaart is gekonstrueer deur van segregerende AFLP en mikrosatelliet merkers in ‘n F1 familie gebruik te maak deur ‘n pseudo-kruistoets karteringstrategie te volg. Twaalf AFLP inleier kombinasies, wat 573 segregerende fragmente geproduseer het, en 10 mikrosatelliet merkers is gegenotipeer in die ouers en 108 individue van die nageslag van die karteringsfamilie. Van die 573 segregerende AFLP merkers wat gegenotipeer is, het 241 in ‘n 1:1 verhouding en 332 in ‘n 3:1 verhouding gesegregeer. Van hierdie AFLP merkers, het 90 volgens die verwagte 1:1 Mendeliese verhouding en 164 volgens die 3:1 Mendeliese verhouding by die P = 0.05 gesegregeer vlak en is vir die koppelingsanalise gebruik. Van die 10 mikrosatelliet merkers gegenotipeer, was 9 informatief vir koppeling karteringsanalise. Voorlopige manlike en vroulike genetiese koppelingskaarte is ontwikkel met gebruik te maak van merkers wat in die manlike of vroulike ouer segregeer het. ‘n Totaal van 12 en 10 koppelingsgroepe is onderskeidelik in die vroulike en manlike karate gegenereer. Die vroulike kaart dek 1473.5cM and bestaan uit 56 merkers, terwyl die manlike kaart 738.9cM beslaan het met 30 merkers. Merkers wat segregasie distorsie toon is waargeneem soos voorheen in ander perlemoenspesies gerapporteer. Potensiële ooreenstemming tussen een van die koppelingsgroepe van die manlike kaart en twee van die koppelingsgroepe van die vroulike kaart is aangetoon deur van die 3:1 segregerende AFLP merkers gebruik te maak. Die genetiese koppelingskaarte verskaf wel ‘n relatiewe lae genoomdekking en ‘n lae merkerdigtheid, maar is ‘n ideale vertrekpunt vir meer gedetailleerde studie van die H. midae genoom en dien as ‘n raamwerk vir toekomstige basiese en toegepaste studies in perlemoennavorsing. ‘n Hoëdigtheid koppelingskaart van H. midae moet in die toekoms ontwikkel word met gebruik van bykomstige ko-dominante molekulêre merkers, soos mikrosatelliete. Dit sal die oordraagbaarheid van die koppelingskaart tussen verskillende laboratoria asook tussen populasies verbeter. ‘n Hoëdigtheid koppelingskaart sal die kartering van kwantitatiewe kenmerk loki (KKL) vir kommersieel belangrike kenmerke (onder andere groeikrag) en toekomstige merker bemiddelde seleksie (MBS) teelprogramme moontlik maak.
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Reck, Maikel. "Estudos moleculares em Hypochaeris catharinensis Cabrera (Asteraceae) utilizando marcadores AFLP." UEL. IAPAR. EMBRAPA. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, 2010. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000159604.
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Hypochaeris catharinensis, pertencente ao gênero Hypochaeris (Asteraceae), é uma espécie endêmica do sul do Brasil. A fim de determinar a estrutura genética de populações desta espécie e a sua posição filogenética dentro do grupo sul-americano do gênero, foram utilizados marcadores moleculares AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism). Para definir a posição filogenética de H. catharinensis dentro do grupo sul-americano de Hypochaeris, foram aplicados onze primers seletivos de AFLP em oito diferentes espécies sulamericnas de Hypochaeris (H. megapotamica, H. pampasica, H. neopinatifida, H. argentina, H. apargioides, H. lutea, H. petiolaris e H. variegata) além da espécie testada H. catharinensis e de H. angustifolia, considerada como o possível ancestral do grupo sulamericano de espécies, que foi usada como outgroup. Os resultados AFLP de mostraram a formação de três dos grupos filogenéticos já definidos previamente. Hypochaeris catharinensis associou-se fortemente (booststrap de 90%) com H. lutea, dando origem a um novo grupo filogenético entre as espécies sul-americanas de Hypochaeris. Este grupo encontra suporte nas caracterísitcas cariotipicas, compartilhadas por H. catharinensis e H. lutea. Assim, foi proposto neste trabalho a formação de um novo grupo filogenético (grupo Lutea) composto por essas duas espécies. Para o estudo de populações, seis combinações de primers de AFLP foram aplicadas em 11 populações de H. catharinensis coletadas no sul do Brasil renderam 183 fragmentos sendo 90,16% polimórficos. As análises obtidas para os dados de AFLP mostraram que a porcentagem de variabilidade genética é maior dentro (83,64%) do que entre (16,36%) as populações de H. catharinensis. A análise da coordenada principal mostra que a maioria das 11 populações estudadas apresentam indivíduos misturados entre as populações, revelando a ausência de um claro padrão de isolamento. Fatores como tempo de divergência recente juntamente com as características endêmicas e morfológicas, que favorecem a dispersão a longa distância, podem ter contribuído para o pouco grau de diferenciação encontrado.Hypochaeris catharinensis (Asteraceae) is endemic to south Brazil. In this work we used AFLP molecular marks (Amplified Fragment Length polymorphism) aiming to determine the genetic structure of H. catharinensis and to define its phylogenetic position within the South American group of the genus Hypochaeris. To define the phylogenetic position of H. catharinensis, eleven AFLP selective primer combinations were used in eigth diferent South American Hypochaeris plus H. catharinensis and H. angustifolia, used as outgroup. The results showed three main phylogenetic groups, as defined in previous studies. Hypochaeris catharinensis formed a tight association (90% booststrap) with H. lutea, giving origem to a new phylogenetic group, named Lutea group. This group is also supported by the similarities observed on the karyotypes of H. catharinensis and H. lutea. Together these data provide valuable information that may help to elucidate the processes of adaptative radiation of the genus Hypochaeris into the South American continent. Six AFLP primes combinations, applied in 11 populations of H. catharinensis coleted from the Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states, rendered 183 frangents of which 165 (90,16%) were polymorphic. AMOVA, applied to the AFLP data revealed that the genetic variability was higher within (83,64%) than among (16,36%) populations. Principal Coordinate Analysis showed that most of the 11 populations studied have individuals that are mixed in other populations, revealing the absence of a clear pattern in the genetic structure. The recent divergence of the South American Hypochaeris, together with the morphological and ecological characterists that favour the seed dispersion of H. catharinensis, may have contributed to the low level of divergence observed among populations of this species.
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Callak, Kirisozu Asude. "Molecular Characterization Of Blumeria Graminis F. Sp. Hordei Using Aflp Markers." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611153/index.pdf.
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Blumeria graiminis f. sp. hordei (powdery mildew) is an obligate biotroph infecting hordeum vulgare (barley). It is one of the most devastating pathogens of barley, decreasing barley yield in great extent. In order to decrease barley loss, numerous studies are being conducted for overcoming the disease from the sides of both pathogen and host. However the pathogen is evolving very rapidly preventing the effective use of pesticides such as fungisides or development of resistant barley varieties by crossing race-specific resistance varieties, varieties having R genes, with susceptible but high yield producing varieties. In order to understand the mechanism of pathogen-host interactions, and producing enduring solutions for the problem of yield loss in barley molecular tools need to be used.
In this thesis study, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) molecular marker method is used in order to reveal the molecular characterization of Turkish Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei varieties collected from Çukurova region in Turkey. Thirty-nine samples were analyzed with eigth universal races, of which virulence genes are studied. AFLP studies were conducted on LI-COR 4300 DNA Analyzer system. Bioinformatics analysis was performed with NTSYS program. By the help of this Numerical Taxonomic System, similarity, dissimilarity, clustering, dendograms, two-dimensional scatter plots, and three-dimensional perspective plots were obtained. By the light of these analyses Turkish Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei varieties together with universal races are grouped into three clusteres. In conclusion, studying Turkish Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei isolates and comparing them with universal races is a unique study in terms of characterizing the Turkish Bgh isolates for the first time, and can be used as a frontier study for studying Resistance genes, by reverse genetic tools.
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Potter, Tara. "AFLP markers linked to Fusarium head blight resistance in Triticum aestivum." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6321.
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In this study, AFLP technology was used to find markers linked to genes controlling Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in Triticum aestivum L. FHB is a disease of cereal crops that results in reduced wheat yields, discoloured, shrivelled kernels, mycotoxin accumulation, and reduced seed and grain quality. Since resistance mechanisms in wheat are complex, often being confounded by environmental effects, and there is high genotypic variance for resistance, molecular markers closely linked to FHB resistance would help in the screening of resistant germplasm. Candidate markers for resistance that were found among three varieties of wheat, two being susceptible to FHB ('Karena' and 'AC Cartier') and one being resistant to FHB (FHB 148), were followed into double haploid (DH) F2 from crosses between each of the susceptible varieties and the resistant variety. These DH lines were evaluated for resistance after inoculation with F. graminearum and MAXR linear regression was done to determine whether any of the candidate markers could explain the variation in phenotype. In the 'Karena'/FHB 148 DH lines, 67% of the polymorphisms segregated in a 1:1 Mendelian fashion (p ≥ 0.05), while 50% segregated 1:1 in the 'AC Cartier'/FHB 148 DH lines (p ≥ 0.05). In the 'Karena'/FHB 148 population, 35% of the variation in the FHB resistance phenotype was explained by two markers (p ≤ 0.05), while in the 'AC Cartier'/FHB 148 population, two markers explained 29% of the variation in phenotype (p ≤ 0.05). Cloning and sequencing of these markers would be useful in the development of cultivars resistant to FHB by marker assisted selection.
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Rojas, Thaís Cabrera Galvão. "Utilização de AFLP para estudos genéticos em Prochilodus argenteus (Pisces, Prochilodontidae)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5448.
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Previous issue date: 2008-04-23Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
Genetic studies have been performed for an endemic species from São Francisco River basin, Prochilodus argenteus, which has a great importance in the artisanal and subsistence fishing in the region. The linkage mapping and the genetic variability studies were made with AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) dominants markers and with 189 specimens from a F1 cross, that was also used for restocking the upstream area from Três Marias hydroelectric dam. All the analyses were carried out with 15 primer pairs combinations and the linkage map was made using the pseudo-testcross mapping strategy. Forty six heterozygous marks were found for the genitors, with mendelian segregation of 1:1. The female genitor map had 3 linkage groups and the lenght of the analysed genome was 128,45 cM, the male genitor map had the same number of linkage groups and the total length of 192,67 cM. Common markers for both genitors, with mendelian segregation ratio of 3:1, served as bridge between the maps, for the construction of an integrated map. This map had 9 linkage groups, and the total map length was 442,08 cM. Additionally, the genetic variability was assessed and an expected heterozygosity mean was of 0,32082, with a Jaccard s similarity coefficient of 0,72564 + 0,00451. These preliminary values show that the cultured sample has a higher similarity coefficient than that obtained for the wild populations. Hence, the present results suggest that genetic studies and management restocking practices should be simultaneously performed for the maintenance of the genetic patrimony of this species at the São Francisco River basin. The results also showed that AFLP marks were suitable and effective to identify linkage marks in Prochilodus argenteus and for genetic variability studies in cultivar samples.
Estudos genéticos foram realizados em uma espécie endêmica da bacia do rio São Francisco, Prochilodus argenteus, a qual possui grande importância na pesca artesanal e de subsistência da região. Os estudos do mapa de ligação e de variabilidade genética foram realizados com o uso do marcador dominante AFLP (Polimorfismo de Comprimento de Fragmentos Amplificados) e com 189 indivíduos de um cruzamento F1, utilizado também para o repovoamento do rio São Francisco, à montante da barragem de Três Marias (MG). Todas as análises foram realizadas com 15 combinações de primers. Para a construção dos mapas de ligação foi utilizada a abordagem pseudocruzamento teste. Os primers utilizados geraram 46 marcas heterozigóticas para os genitores, com segregação mendeliana de 1:1. O mapa referente ao genitor feminino apresentou 3 grupos de ligação e o comprimento do genoma analisado foi de 128,45 cM, e o mapa do genitor masculino também consistiu em 3 grupos de ligação com comprimento total de 192,67 cM. Marcadores comuns aos dois genitores, com segregação mendeliana de 3:1, foram utilizados como pontes na integração dos mapas. O mapa integrado foi formado por 9 grupos de ligação, o que correspondeu a 442,08 cM de genoma analisado. Adicionalmente, a variabilidade genética foi estudada por meio da média da heterozigosidade esperada (He), a qual foi de 0,32082 e pela análise do coeficiente de similaridade de Jaccard, que foi igual a 0,72564 + 0,00451. Estes valores, ainda que preliminares, mostraram que essa amostragem cultivada possui o coeficiente de similaridade maior quando comparado com os de populações selvagens. Desta forma, sugere-se no presente trabalho que estudos genéticos devam ser realizados juntamente com a prática de repovoamento de rios, visando conservar o patrimônio genético desta espécie na bacia do São Francisco. Os resultados mostraram também que os marcadores AFLP foram adequados e eficientes para a identificação de marcas ligadas em Prochilodus argenteus e no estudo da variabilidade genética de amostras cultivadas.
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Purvis, Andrew Ian. "AFLP markers for the study of somatic recombination in Phytophthora infestans." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322560.
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Chang, Yeun-Kyung. "Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of genetic variability in Phalaenopsis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34361.
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Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers allow a rapid assessment of the level of genetic variation that would be difficult to evaluate using a limited number of morphological markers. AFLP was used to assess the level of genetic variation among 16 different Phalaenopsis species and hybrids. Ten AFLP primer combinations were used for genetic analysis of these Phalaenopsis and 95% of polymorphism in 16 Phalaenopsis species and hybrids was detected. The genetic similarity among Phalaenopsis species and hybrids ranged from 0.298 to 0.774 based on Dice coefficient. The dendrogram derived by UPGMA analysis clustered into two main groups. A significant linear relationship (r2 = 0.524, P < 0.0001) was observed between known pedigrees and AFLP-derived genetic similarity for 136 pairwise comparisons of Phalaenopsis species and hybrids. The results indicate that there is an abundance of genetic diversity among within Phalaenopsis and that AFLP can be used to distinguish morphologically similar genotypes.
In a second study, the effect of gametophytic selection on genetic diversity in Phalaenopsis was examined by AFLP analysis. Sixteen F1 seedlings resulting from cross-pollination that occurred within high (30 ºC) and low (14ºC) temperature incubators between two hybrid Phalaenopsis [P. (Taisoco Windian à Sogo Yukidian) by P. hybrid unknown], were subjected to genetic analysis by AFLP. A total of 651 fragments ranging in size from 100 to 350 bp were detected using six primer combinations, of which 387 (59.4%) were polymorphic. Seedlings derived from different temperature treatments exhibited 25.5% to 35.9% polymorphism. The genetic similarity among 16 F1 seedlings ranged from 0.825 to 0.946 based on the Dice coefficient. A dendrogram based on 387 polymorphic markers was derived by UPGMA analysis resulting in three major groups and one subgroup. The dendrogram analysis showed clear clustering in Phalaenopsis hybrids pollinated under different temperature treatments, suggesting that several loci may have been selected during the divergent temperature stress treatments during pollination and early pollen tube growth.
Master of Science
Books on the topic "AFLW"
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Lovett, Michael. AFL 2000: The official statistical history of the AFL. [Australia]: Australian Football League, 2000.
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Holmesby, Russell. The encyclopedia of AFL footballers: Every AFL/VFL player since 1897. 8th ed. Seaford, Vic: Bas Pub., 2009.
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Holmesby, Russell. SEN encyclopedia of AFL footballers: Every AFL/VFL player since 1897. Seaford, Vic: Bas Publishing, 2014.
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Holmesby, Russell. The encyclopedia of AFL footballers: Every AFL/VFL player since 1897. 8th ed. Seaford, Vic: Bas Pub., 2009.
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Holmesby, Russell. The encyclopedia of AFL footballers: Every AFL/VFL player since 1897. 8th ed. Seaford, Vic: Bas Pub., 2009.
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Holmesby, Russell. The encyclopedia of AFL footballers: Every AFL/VFL player since 1897. 5th ed. Melbourne, Vic: Crown Content, 2003.
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Holmesby, Russell. The encyclopedia of AFL footballers: Every AFL/VFL player since 1897. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing, 2007.
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John, Joe St. AFL premiers: The fascinating history of every AFL/VFL grand final. London ; Sydney: New Holland Publ., Ltd, 2013.
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Holmesby, Russell. The encyclopedia of AFL footballers: Every AFL/VFL player since 1897. Melbourne, Vic: Crown Content, 2002.
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Lovett, Michael. AFL record season guide 2009: The official statistical history of the AFL. Docklands, Vic: G. Slattery, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "AFLW"
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Scharnagl, Hubert, Winfried März, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Federico Fracassi, Alessia Diana, Thomas Frieling, et al. "AFLD." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_5013.
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Scharnagl, Hubert, Winfried März, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Federico Fracassi, Alessia Diana, Thomas Frieling, et al. "AFL." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_5012.
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Griffin, Tom. "AFL-CIA." In State-Private Networks and Intelligence Theory, 51–81. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003104612-3.
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Vos, Pieter. "AFLP− Fingerprinting of Arabidopsis." In Arabidopsis Protocols, 147–55. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-391-0:147.
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Marlin, Demelza, Nicholas Apoifis, and Andrew Bennie. "Courtney Ugle—AFL." In Aboriginal Sports Coaches, Community, and Culture, 107–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8481-7_24.
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Do, Lynna Lan Tien Nguyen. "Adolescent Family Life Act (AFLA)." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_63.
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Matthes, Michaela C., Allan Daly, and Keith J. Edwards. "Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)." In Molecular Tools for Screening Biodiversity, 183–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0019-6_36.
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Marlin, Demelza, Nicholas Apoifis, and Andrew Bennie. "Darren Allie—Basketball/AFL." In Aboriginal Sports Coaches, Community, and Culture, 53–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8481-7_11.
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Goel, Trilok Chandra, and Apul Goel. "Acute Filarial Lymphangitis (AFL)." In Lymphatic Filariasis, 125–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2257-9_13.
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Holm, H. Daniel. "The NFL-AFL Merger." In Sports and the Law, 237–44. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003249931-45.
Full textConference papers on the topic "AFLW"
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Fu, Pei, Yuansheng Song, Jian Yang, and Qiuwang Wang. "Effect Analysis of Various Gradient Particle Size Distribution on Electrical Performance of Anode-Supported SOFCs With Gradient Anode." In ASME 2019 6th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2019-4279.
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Abstract Gradient particle size anode has shown great potential in improving the electrical performance of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In the present study, a 3-D comprehensive model is established to study the effect of various gradient particle size distribution on the cell electrical performance for the anode microstructure optimization. The effect of homogeneous particle size on the cell performance is studied first. The maximum current density of homogeneous anode SOFC is obtained for the comparison with the electrical performance of gradient anode SOFC. Then the effect of various gradient particle size distribution on the cell molar fraction and polarization losses distribution is analyzed and discussed in detail. Increasing the particle diameter gradient can effectively reduce the anodic concentration overpotential. Decreasing the particle diameter of AFL2 is beneficial to reducing the activation and ohmic overpotentials. On these bases, the comprehensive electrical performances of SOFCs with gradient particle size anode and homogeneous anode are compared to highlight the optimal gradient particle diameter distribution. In the studied cases of the present work, the gradient particle diameter of 0.7 μm, 0.4 μm and 0.1 μm at ASL, AFL1 and AFL2 (Case 3) is the optimal particle size distribution.
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Zhang, Meng, Shujian Liang, Lei Huang, Yeqing Sun, Jian Zhou, and Chunli Wang. "AFLP runner (AR): A software for prediction and analysis Of AFLP." In 2010 3rd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2010.5639293.
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Liang, Hongliang, Yixiu Chen, Zhuosi Xie, and Zhiyi Liang. "X-AFL." In EuroSys '20: Fifteenth EuroSys Conference 2020. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3380786.3391400.
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Fu, Pei, Min Zeng, and Qiuwang Wang. "Effect of Gradient Anode on Mass Transfer Performance for Anode-Supported Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66095.
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For anode-supported planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), the thick anode support layer (ASL) prevents the supply of fuel gas to the anode functional layer (AFL) where the electrochemical reactions take place. Shortage of the fuel gas at the active region results in concentration polarization. SOFC designs with porosity gradient anode may improve the cell performance. In order to investigate the effect of the porosity distributions on mass transfer characteristics of SOFC, a three dimensional half-cell model is developed based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The numerical model solves continuity equation, conservation of momentum, multi-component mass transfer and electrochemical reaction. According to the numerical results, a SOFC design with a higher porosity gradient anode could effectively enhance mass transport of the fuel gas in the AFLs, which would lead to the reduction of polarization loss. It is also found that high porosity gradient among the anode layers could improve the H2 concentration gradient in the porous anode, which is beneficial to facilitate diffusion of the fuel gas in the porous anode. Concentration overpotentials of the SOFC decrease with the increase of the porosity gradient, especially for the low inlet H2 molar fraction. These findings indicate that the comprehensive performance of SOFC can be effectively improved by employing a high porosity gradient anode.
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Bohm, Emanuelle Fick, Ernesto de Paula Guedes Neto, Stefano Ferreira Moraes, and Patrícia Setti. "Associação entre síndrome do anticorpo antifosfolípide e infertilidade." In 45º Congresso da SGORJ XXIV Trocando Ideias. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/jbg-0368-1416-20211311121.
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Introdução: A síndrome do anticorpo antifosfolípide (SAF) é uma doença sistêmica, autoimune, caracterizada por eventos tromboembólicos, abortos recorrentes de feto morfologicamente normal, desde que excluídas as causas anatômicas, hormonais e cromossômicas (após ou na 10ª semana) e a presença de anticorpos antifosfolípides (AFLS). A SAF pode ocorrer de forma isolada ou em associação com outras doenças autoimunes. Estudos mostram que a soropositividade dos AFLS, mesmo em casos nos quais a SAF não é diagnosticada, pode comprometer a continuidade da gravidez. Contudo, essa mesma certeza não existe quando se tenta atrelar a SAF à infertilidade. Objetivo: revisar na bibliografia a associação entre SAF e infertilidade feminina. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão na bibliografia disponível em artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos (2010-2020) na base de dados do PubMed, com os termos do Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) “infertility” e “antiphospholipid antibodies”. Foram encontrados 25 artigos, dos quais 11 foram excluídos por não estarem adequados ao tema. Os 14 trabalhos restantes foram incluídos, entre estudos metanalíticos e revisões na língua inglesa. Resultados e conclusão: Tem-se tentado associar a presença de AFLS à infertilidade. Cerca de 10% dos casais inférteis têm infertilidade inexplicada, e doenças autoimunes como lúpus e SAF são responsáveis por parte desses casos. Os critérios para a classificação de SAF incluem a presença de pelo menos um critério clínico e um critério laboratorial — este último a detecção de AFLS-anticoagulante lúpico (LA) e/ou anticorpo anticardiolipina (aCL) ou anticorpo antiβ2- glicoproteína I (antiβ2-GPI) no soro/plasma em duas ou mais ocasiões, separadas por pelo menos 12 semanas. Um dos artigos selecionados, que compilava 31 trabalhos, confirmou a associação entre aCL e infertilidade em 45% deles; 31% confirmaram a associação de infertilidade com LA, e três dos quatro estudos (75%) que envolviam o antiβ2-GPI mostraram associação entre esse APL e infertilidade. Outros estudos sugerem ainda que AFLS estejam associados à insuficiência ovariana precoce e à reserva ovariana diminuída, responsável por distúrbios de fertilidade. Além disso, a presença de AFLS influi na placentação, ligando-se ao trofoblasto e diminuindo sua capacidade de invasão, associado a efeitos pro-inflamatórios e recrutamento de neutrófilos, o que contribui para a insuficiência placentária que se apresenta como infertilidade (LA e aCL têm sido implicados nos efeitos protrombóticos da SAF). Sendo assim, a presença de AFLS parece ser mais comum em mulheres inférteis em relação ao grupo controle, porém, por elas serem mais frequentemente testadas, há interferência no significado clínico desse achado. Logo, os estudos acerca do assunto são inconclusivos, já que os testes são direcionados a mulheres com clínica sugestiva. Assim, tal relação segue nos campos hipotéticos, ao contrário do aborto e da trombose, que já têm explicações concretas sobre a influência dos AFLS nesses eventos.
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Adamski, Artur, Herman Pauwels, Kristiaan Neyts, Chris Desimpel, and Stefaan Vermael. "Simulation of V-shaped stability in AFLC." In XIV Conference on Liquid Crystals, Chemistry, Physics, and Applications, edited by Jolanta Rutkowska, Stanislaw J. Klosowicz, and Jerzy Zielinski. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.472135.
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Godboley, Sangharatna, Arpita Dutta, Radha Krishna Pisipati, and Durga Prasad Mohapatra. "SSG-AFL: Vulnerability detection for Reactive Systems using Static Seed Generator based AFL." In 2022 IEEE 46th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compsac54236.2022.00275.
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Faulkner, Hayden, and Anthony Dick. "AFL Player Detection and Tracking." In 2015 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2015.7371226.
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Alauzet, Frederic, and Dave Marcum. "Metric-Aligned and Metric-Orthogonal Strategies in AFLR." In 23rd AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3108.
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Tang, Xinhuai, Zhaoteng Song, and Xiangfeng Luo. "A Planning Engine Based on SHOP2 for AFLOW." In 2011 Seventh International Conference on Semantics Knowledge and Grid (SKG). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/skg.2011.22.
Full textReports on the topic "AFLW"
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Fang, Mei Lan, Judith Sixsmith, Alison Pryde Hamilton, Rayna Rogowsky, and Pat Scrutton. Intergenerational and Age-friendly Living Ecosystems (AFLE). University of Dundee, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001223.
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McCann, Thomas M., and Kavita Chatrath. Determine Optimum Contracting Cycle Time for AFLC (Air Force Logistics Command). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada205435.
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Campbell, Donald B. AFLC (Air Force Logistics Command) Needs to Concentrate on Customer Orientation in Quality Assurance Policies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada202731.
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Levisohn, Sharon, Maricarmen Garcia, David Yogev, and Stanley Kleven. Targeted Molecular Typing of Pathogenic Avian Mycoplasmas. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695853.bard.
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Intraspecies identification (DNA "fingerprinting") of pathogenic avian mycoplasmas is a powerful tool for epidemiological studies and monitoring strain identity. However the only widely method available for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS)wasrandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This project aimed to develop alternative and supplementary typing methods that will overcome the major constraints of RAPD, such as the need for isolation of the organism in pure culture and the lack of reproducibility intrinsic in the method. Our strategy focussed on recognition of molecular markers enabling identification of MG and MS vaccine strains and, by extension, pathogenic potential of field isolates. Our first aim was to develop PCR-based systems which will allow amplification of specific targeted genes directly from clinical material. For this purpose we evaluated the degree of intraspecies heterogeneity in genes encoding variable surface antigens uniquely found in MG all of which are putative pathogenicity factors. Phylogenic analysis of targeted sequences of selected genes (pvpA, gapA, mgc2, and lp) was employed to determine the relationship among MG strains.. This method, designated gene targeted sequencing (GTS), was successfully employed to identify strains and to establish epidemiologically-linked strain clusters. Diagnostic PCR tests were designed and validated for each of the target genes, allowing amplification of specific nucleotide sequences from clinical samples. An mgc2-PCR-RFLP test was designed for rapid differential diagnosis of MG vaccine strains in Israel. Addressing other project goals, we used transposon mutagenesis and in vivo and in vitro models for pathogenicity to correlated specific changes in target genes with biological properties that may impact the course of infection. An innovative method for specific detection and typing of MS strains was based on the hemagglutinin-encoding gene vlhA, uniquely found in this species. In parallel, we evaluated the application of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in avian mycoplasmas. AFLP is a highly discriminatory method that scans the entire genome using infrequent restriction site PCR. As a first step the method was found to be highly correlated with other DNA typing methods for MG species and strain differentiation. The method is highly reproducible and relatively rapid, although it is necessary to isolate the strain to be tested. Both AFLP and GTS are readily to amenable to computer-assisted analysis of similarity and construction of a data-base resource. The availability of improved and diverse tools will help realize the full potential of molecular typing of avian mycoplasmas as an integral and essential part of mycoplasma control programs.
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Gall, Graham A. E., Gideon Hulata, Eric M. Hallerman, Bernard May, and Umiel Nakdimon. Creating and Characterizing Genetic Variation in Tilapia through the Creation of an Artificial Center of Origin. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7574344.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Five stocks of tilapia [oreochromis niloticus (on), red O. niloticus (ROn), O. aureus (Oa), O. mossambicus (Om), and Sarotherodon galilaeus (Sg)] were used to produce two-way (F1), three-way (3WC) and four-way crosses (4WC). Three 4WC groups, containing equal representation of all four species, formed the base population for a new synthetic stock, called an "artificial center of origin" (ACO). Four genomic maps were created using microsatellite and AFLP markers, two from a 3WC family [Om female and (Oa x ROn) male] and two from a 4WC family [(Om x Oas) females and (Sg x On) male]. Sixty-two loci segregating from the female parent of the 3WC mapped to 14 linkage groups while 214 loci from the male parent mapped to 24 linkage groups. Similarly, 131 loci segregating from the female parent of the 4WC mapped to 26 linkage groups and 118 loci from the male parent mapped to 25 linkage groups. Preliminary screening of an F2 and a 4WC family identified a number of loci associated with cold tolerance and body weight. These loci were clustered in a few linkage groups, suggesting they may be indicative of quantitative trait loci.
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Michelmore, Richard, Eviatar Nevo, Abraham Korol, and Tzion Fahima. Genetic Diversity at Resistance Gene Clusters in Wild Populations of Lactuca. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573075.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Genetic resistance is often the least expensive, most effective, and ecologically-sound method of disease control. It is becoming apparent that plant genomes contain large numbers of disease resistance genes. However, the numbers of different resistance specificities within a genepool and the genetic mechanisms generating diversity are poorly understood. Our objectives were to characterize diversity in clusters of resistance genes in wild progenitors of cultivated lettuce in Israel and California in comparison to diversity within cultivated lettuce, and to determine the extent of gene flow, recombination, and genetic instability in generating variation within clusters of resistance genes. Genetic diversity of resistance genes was analyzed in wild and cultivated germplasm using molecular markers derived from lettuce resistance gene sequences of the NBS-LRR type that mapped to the major cluster if resistance genes in lettuce (Sicard et al. 1999). Three molecular markers, one microsatellite marker and two SCAR markers that amplified LRR- encoding regions, were developed from sequences of resistance gene homologs at the Dm3 cluster (RGC2s) in lettuce. Variation for these markers was assessed in germplasm including 74 genotypes of cultivated lettuce, L. saliva and 71 accessions of the three wild Lactuca spp., L. serriola, L. saligna and L. virosa that represent the major species in the sexually accessible genepool for lettuce. Diversity was also studied within and between natural populations of L. serriola from Israel and California. Large numbers of haplotypes were detected indicating the presence of numerous resistance genes in wild species. We documented a variety of genetic events occurring at clusters of resistance genes for the second objective (Sicard et al., 1999; Woo el al., in prep; Kuang et al., in prepb). The diversity of resistance genes in haplotypes provided evidence for gene duplication and unequal crossing over during the evolution of this cluster of resistance genes. Comparison of nine resistance genes in cv. Diana identified 22 gene conversion and five intergenic recombinations. We cloned and sequenced a 700 bp region from the middle of RGC2 genes from six genotypes, two each from L. saliva, L. serriola, and L. saligna . We have identified over 60 unique RGC2 sequences. Phylogenetic analysis surprisingly demonstrated much greater similarity between than within genotypes. This led to the realization that resistance genes are evolving much slower than had previously been assumed and to a new model as to how resistance genes are evolving (Michelmore and Meyers, 1998). The genetic structure of L. serriola was studied using 319 AFLP markers (Kuang et al., in prepa). Forty-one populations from Turkey, Armenia, Israel, and California as well as seven European countries were examined. AFLP marker data showed that the Turkish and Armenian populations were the most polymorphic populations and the European populations were the least. The Davis, CA population, a recent post-Columbian colonization, showed medium genetic diversity and was genetically close to the Turkish populations. Our results suggest that Turkey - Armenia may be the center of origin and diversity of L. serriola and may therefore have the greatest diversity of resistance genes. Our characterization of the diversity of resistance genes and the genetic mechanisms generating it will allow informed exploration, in situ and ex situ conservation, and utilization of germplasm resources for disease control. The results of this project provide the basis for our future research work, which will lead to a detailed understanding of the evolution of resistance genes in plants.
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Czerwaty, Katarzyna, Karolina Dżaman, Krystyna Maria Sobczyk, and Katarzyna Irmina Sikrorska. The Overlap Syndrome of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0077.
Full textAbstract:
Review question / Objective: To provide the essential findings in the field of overlap syndrome of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea, including prevalence, possible predictors, association with clinical outcomes, and severity compared to both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea patients. Condition being studied: OSA is characterized by complete cessation (apnea) or significant decrease (hy-popnea) in airflow during sleep and recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse cause it during sleep leading to nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturations and arousals from rest. The recurrent arousals which occur in OSA lead to neurocognitive consequences, daytime sleepiness, and reduced quality of life. Because of apneas and hypopneas, patients are experiencing hypoxemia and hypercapnia, which result in increasing levels of catecholamine, oxidative stress, and low-grade inflammation that lead to the appearance of cardio-metabolic consequences of OSA. COPD is a chronic inflammatory lung disease defined by persistent, usually pro-gressive AFL (airflow limitation). Changes in lung mechanics lead to the main clini-cal manifestations of dyspnea, cough, and chronic expectoration. Furthermore, patients with COPD often suffer from anxiety and depression also, the risk of OSA and insomnia is higher than those hospitalized for other reasons. Although COPD is twice as rare as asthma but is the cause of death eight times more often.
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Ginzberg, Idit, and Walter De Jong. Molecular genetic and anatomical characterization of potato tuber skin appearance. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587733.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) skin is composed of suberized phellem cells, the outer component of the tuber periderm. The focus of the proposed research was to apply genomic approaches to identify genes that control tuber skin appearance - smooth and shiny skin is highly preferred by the customers while russeted/netted skin potatoes are rejected. The breeding program (at Cornell University) seeks to develop smooth-skin varieties but has encountered frequent difficulties as inheritance of russeting involves complementary action by independently segregating genes, where a dominant allele at each locus is required for any degree of skin russeting. On the other hand, smooth-skin varieties frequently develop unsightly russeting in response to stress conditions, mainly high soil temperatures. Breeding programs in Israel aimed towards the improvement of heat tolerant varieties include skin quality as one of the desired characteristics. At the initiation of the present project it was unclear whether heat induced russeting and genetically inherited russeting share the same genes and biosynthesis pathways. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that russeting might result from increased periderm thickness, from strong cohesion between peridermal cells that prevents the outer layers from sloughing off, or from altered suberization processes in the skin. Hence, the original objectives were to conduct anatomical study of russet skin development, to isolate skin and russeting specific genes, to map the loci that determine the russet trait, and to compare with map locations the candidate russet specific genes, as well as to identify marker alleles that associated with russet loci. Anatomical studies suggested that russet may evolve from cracking at the outer layers of the skin, probably when skin development doesn’t meet the tuber expansion rate. Twodimensional gel electrophoresis and transcript profiling (cDNA chip, potato functional genomic project) indicated that in comparison to the parenchyma tissue, the skin is enriched with proteins/genes that are involved in the plant's responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and further expand the concept of the skin as a protective tissue containing an array of plantdefense components. The proteomes of skin from heat stressed tubers and native skin didn’t differ significantly, while transcript profiling indicated heat-related increase in three major functional groups: transcription factors, stress response and protein degradation. Exceptional was ACC synthase isogene with 4.6 fold increased level in the heat stressed skin. Russeting was mapped to two loci: rusB on chromosome 4 and rusC on chromosome 11; both required for russeting. No evidence was found for a third locus rusA that was previously proposed to be required for russeting. In an effort to find a link between the russeting character and the heat-induced russeting an attempt was made to map five genes that were found in the microarray experiment to be highly induced in the skin under heat stress in the segregating russet population. Only one gene was polymorphic; however it was localized to chromosome 2, so cannot correspond to rusB or rusC. Evaluation of AFLP markers tightly linked to rusB and rusC showed that these specific alleles are not associated with russeting in unrelated germplasm, and thus are not useful for MAS per se. To develop markers useful in applied breeding, it will be necessary to screen alleles of additional tightly linked loci, as well as to identify additional russet (heat-induced and/or native) related genes.
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Firon, Nurit, Prem Chourey, Etan Pressman, Allen Hartwell, and Kenneth J. Boote. Molecular Identification and Characterization of Heat-Stress-Responsive Microgametogenesis Genes in Tomato and Sorghum - A Feasibility Study. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7591741.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Exposure to higher than optimal temperatures - heat-stress (HS) - is becoming increasingly common to all crop plants worldwide. Heat stress coinciding with microgametogenesis, especially during the post-meiotic phase that is marked by starch biosynthesis, is often associated with starch-deficient pollen and male sterility and ultimately, greatly reduced crop yields. The molecular basis for the high sensitivity of developing pollen grains, on one hand, and factors involved in pollen heat-tolerance, on the other, is poorly understood. The long-term goal of this project is to provide a better understanding of the genes that control pollen quality under heat-stress conditions. The specific objectives of this project were: (1) Determination of the threshold heat stress temperature(s) that affects tomato and sorghum pollen quality whether: a) Chronic mild heat stress conditions (CMHS), or b) Acute heat stress (AHS). (2) Isolation of heat-responsive, microgametogenesis-specific sequences. During our one-year feasibility project, we have accomplished the proposed objectives as follows: Objectrive 1: We have determined the threshold HS conditions in tomato and sorghum. This was essential for achieving the 2nd objective, since our accumulated experience (both Israeli and US labs) indicate that when temperature is raised too high above "threshold HS levels" it may cause massive death of the developing pollen grains. Above-threshold conditions have additional major disadvantages including the "noise" caused by induced expression of genes involved in cell death and masking of the differences between heatsensitive and heat-tolerant pollen grains. Two different types of HS conditions were determined: a) Season-long CMHS conditions: 32/26°C day/night temperatures confirmed in tomato and 36/26°C day maximum/night minimum temperatures in sorghum. b) Short-term AHS: In tomato, 2 hour exposure to 42-45°C (at 7 to 3 days before anthesis) followed by transfer to 28/22±2oC day/night temperatures until flower opening and pollen maturation, caused 50% reduced germinating pollen in the heat-sensitive 3017 cv.. In sorghum, 36/26°C day/night temperatures 10 to 5 days prior to panicle emergence, occurring at 35 days after sowing (DAS) in cv. DeKalb28E, produced starch-deficient and sterile pollen. Objective 2: We have established protocols for the high throughput transcriptomic approach, cDNA-AFLP, for identifying and isolating genes exhibiting differential expression in developing microspores exposed to either ambient or HS conditions and created a databank of HS-responsivemicrogametogenesis-expressed genes. A subset of differentially displayed Transcript-Derived Fragments (TDFs) that were cloned and sequenced (35 & 23 TDFs in tomato and sorghum, respectively) show close sequence similarities with metabolic genes, genes involved in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, genes implicated in thermotolerance (heat shock proteins), genes involved in long chain fatty acids elongation, genes involved in proteolysis, in oxidation-reduction, vesicle-mediated transport, cell division and transcription factors. T-DNA-tagged Arabidopsis mutants for part of these genes were obtained to be used for their functional analysis. These studies are planned for a continuation project. Following functional analyses of these genes under HS – a valuable resource of genes, engaged in the HS-response of developing pollen grains, that could be modulated for the improvement of pollen quality under HS in both dicots and monocots and/or used to look for natural variability of such genes for selecting heat-tolerant germplasm - is expected.
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Cohen, Yuval, Christopher A. Cullis, and Uri Lavi. Molecular Analyses of Soma-clonal Variation in Date Palm and Banana for Early Identification and Control of Off-types Generation. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592124.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the major fruit tree grown in arid areas in the Middle East and North Africa. In the last century, dates were introduced to new regions including the USA. Date palms are traditionally propagated through offshoots. Expansion of modern date palm groves led to the development of Tissue Culture propagation methods that generate a large number of homogenous plants, have no seasonal effect on plant source and provide tools to fight the expansion of date pests and diseases. The disadvantage of this procedure is the occurrence of off-type trees which differ from the original cultivar. In the present project we focused on two of the most common date palm off-types: (1) trees with reduced fruit setting, in which most of the flowers turn into three-carpel parthenocarpic fruits. In a severe form, multi-carpel flowers and fruitlets (with up to six or eight carpels instead of the normal three-carpel flowers) are also formed. (2) dwarf trees, having fewer and shorter leaves, very short trunk and are not bearing fruits at their expected age, compared to the normal trees. Similar off-types occur in other crop species propagated by tissue culture, like banana (mainly dwarf plants) or oil palm (with a common 'Mantled' phenotype with reduced fruit setting and occurrence of supernumerary carpels). Some off-types can only be detected several years after planting in the fields. Therefore, efficient methods for prevention of the generation of off-types, as well as methods for their detection and early removal, are required for date palms, as well as for other tissue culture propagated crops. This research is aimed at the understanding of the mechanisms by which off-types are generated, and developing markers for their early identification. Several molecular and genomic approaches were applied. Using Methylation Sensitive AFLP and bisulfite sequencing, we detected changes in DNA methylation patterns occurring in off-types. We isolated and compared the sequence and expression of candidate genes, genes related to vegetative growth and dwarfism and genes related to flower development. While no sequence variation were detected, changes in gene expression, associated with the severity of the "fruit set" phenotype were detected in two genes - PdDEF (Ortholog of rice SPW1, and AP3 B type MADS box gene), and PdDIF (a defensin gene, highly homologous to the oil palm gene EGAD). We applied transcriptomic analyses, using high throughput sequencing, to identify genes differentially expressed in the "palm heart" (the apical meristem and the region of embryonic leaves) of dwarf vs. normal trees. Among the differentially expressed genes we identified genes related to hormonal biosynthesis, perception and regulation, genes related to cell expansion, and genes related to DNA methylation. Using Representation Difference Analyses, we detected changes in the genomes of off-type trees, mainly chloroplast-derived sequences that were incorporated in the nuclear genome and sequences of transposable elements. Sequences previously identified as differing between normal and off-type trees of oil palms or banana, successfully identified variation among date palm off-types, suggesting that these represent highly labile regions of monocot genomes. The data indicate that the date palm genome, similarly to genomes of other monocot crops as oil palm and banana, is quite unstable when cells pass through a cycle of tissue culture and regeneration. Changes in DNA sequences, translocation of DNA fragments and alteration of methylation patterns occur. Consequently, patterns of gene expression are changed, resulting in abnormal phenotypes. The data can be useful for future development of tools for early identification of off-type as well as for better understanding the phenomenon of somaclonal variation during propagation in vitro.