Relevant bibliographies by topics / Africa; African; Nigerian

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Africa; African; Nigerian'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Africa; African; Nigerian"

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Ibrahim, Yusuf Kamaluddeen, Abdullahi Ayoade Ahmad, and Usman Sufyan Duguri. "The Complexities of South African Xenophobia on Nigerian Nationals." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.2.7.

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The Nigerian-South African relationship is couched in the paradigm of intricate interdependence. The elements that brought the two African major powers closer include political, cultural, and economic dimensions. Therefore, any dissimilarity of interest between both countries would ruin their relationship and implicate the whole African Union concept that unites Abuja/Pretoria relations. Over 100 South African companies permeate the Nigerian market in several economic sectors and most are successfully operating in Nigeria. Nigerian companies such as First Bank, among others, are also operating in South Africa. As long as South Africa and Nigeria are both dominant powers in their respective sub-regions, a threat like xenophobia needs to be eradicated and coordinate some effective policies for Africa's development. The study employed a qualitative method and library sources, past literature on different xenophobic trends noted in the journal articles, books, and others, on the South African xenophobia and its implications on Nigeria/South African relationship. The study adopted the frustration-aggression theory and it found that incessant xenophobic attacks on Nigerian nationals and other foreigners in South Africa are based on prejudices. The study went further with suggestion to provide some panacea to the catastrophe of South African xenophobia.
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Ikuomola, Adediran Daniel, and Johan Zaaiman. "We Have Come to Stay and We Shall Find All Means to Live and Work in this Country: Nigerian Migrants and Life Challenges in South Africa." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 9, no. 2 (February 26, 2016): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v9i2.6.

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In recent times many Nigerians have been singled out when it comes to criminal activities and xenophobic attacks in South Africa, which leads to disruption of the hitherto cordial relationship between South African host communities and Nigerian migrants. Nevertheless, the rate of Nigerians migrating to South Africa keeps soaring. Studies of migration between Nigeria and South Africa, have been scanty, often limited to the study of traditional economic disparity between the two countries with less emphasis on the social-cultural challenges facing Nigerian migrants in the host communities.This paper thus examined the socio-economic and cultural challenges facing Nigerian migrants in selected communities in Johannesburg, South Africa. Data for the study were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with Nigerian migrants in Hillbrow, Braamfontein and Alexandra suburbs in Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Uzondu, Ignatius C. "Assessing Nigerian political leadership with a democratic paradigm." OGIRISI: a New Journal of African Studies 15, no. 1 (October 15, 2020): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/og.v15i1.4s.

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A sober reflection or speculation on African leadership portrays the practice of authentic democracy as a perennial problem in Nigeria and in African continent. Democratic/electoral process is where citizens choose representatives in government by means of free, fair, contested and regularly scheduled elections and where adults have the right to vote and their votes count. But Nigerian democracy lacks basic trust. It is really a universal problem but Africans and Nigerians in particular got larger portion as our democratic practice is very poor. The citizens should be the starting point and focus of democracy, but this is not the case in Nigeria as many political and elected elites represent their business interest. This democratic deficit or deficiency is seen in local, state and federal levels of Nigerian government and this leads gradually to a serious decline in citizen’s active participation or active citizenship. Using expository and analytic method of inquiry, we found out that Nigerians and Africans may have been drifting from this form of government due to some of its demerit. Again, Africa has been long known for its communitarian living/communalism which we found to have enormous similarities with democracy though the difference is clear. Corruption, bad leadership, lack of originality and the likes are the causes of lack of authentic democratic practice and leadership in Africa and in Nigeria. Finally, this study concludes that the dividends of authentic democracy will be fully evident and rooted in Nigeria and Africa only when we embrace democracy in full. Keywords: Political leadership, Democracy, Communalism
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Zachernuk, Philip S. "Of Origins and Colonial Order: Southern Nigerian Historians and the ‘Hamitic Hypothesis’ c. 1870–1970." Journal of African History 35, no. 3 (November 1994): 427–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700026785.

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The professional Nigerian nationalist historiography which emerged in reaction against the imperialist Hamitic Hypothesis – the assertion that Africa's history had been made only by foreigners – is rooted in a complex West African tradition of critical dialogue with European ideas. From the mid-nineteenth century, western-educated Africans have re-worked European ideas into distinctive Hamitic Hypotheses suited to their colonial location. This account developed within the constraints set by changing European and African-American ideas about West African origins and the evolving character of the Nigerian intelligentsia. West Africans first identified themselves not as victims of Hamitic invasion but as the degenerate heirs of classical civilizations, to establish their potential to create a modern, Christian society. At the turn of the century various authors argued for past development within West Africa rather than mere degeneration. Edward Blyden appropriated African-American thought to posit a distinct racial history. Samuel Johnson elaborated on Yoruba traditions of a golden age. Inter-war writers such as J. O. Lucas and Ladipo Solanke built on both arguments, but as race science declined they again invoked universal historical patterns. Facing the arrival of Nigeria as a nation-state, later writers such as S. O. Biobaku developed these ideas to argue that Hamitic invasions had created Nigeria's proto-national culture. In the heightened identity politics of the 1950s, local historians adopted Hamites to compete for historical primacy among Nigerian communities. The Hamitic Hypothesis declined in post-colonial conditions, in part because the concern to define ultimate identities along a colonial axis was displaced by the need to understand identity politics within the Nigerian sphere. The Nigerian Hamitic Hypothesis had a complex career, promoting élite ambitions, Christian identities, Nigerian nationalism and communal rivalries. New treatments of African colonial historiography – and intellectual history – must incorporate the complexities illus-trated here.
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Onuzulike, Uchenna. "Audience Reactions to the Different Aspects of Nollywood Movies." CINEJ Cinema Journal 5, no. 2 (October 11, 2016): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cinej.2016.137.

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This article juxtaposes two audiences-Nigerians in Nigeria and Nigerians in South Africa in order to ascertain how they perceive favorite aspects and disliked aspects of Nigerian movie productions, popularly known as Nollywood. The results indicate that the two groups favor the depiction of Nigerian/African cultures over other themes; yet, Nigerians in South Africa disfavor the reality of Nollywood movies. The disliked aspects of these films were repetition, poor quality and the supernatural. Grounded in reception analysis and mirroring McLuhan’s hot-cool model, the analysis indicates that the quality of Nollywood movies impacts how audiences decode the movies. Findings suggest that for those living outside of Nigeria, nostalgia leads them to seek movies that allow them to escape into a Nigeria that never was.
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Nkwede, Friday E., Joseph O. Nkwede, and Bigben C. Ogbonna. "Rethinking terrorism financing and democracy in Africa: The Nigeria case." OGIRISI: a New Journal of African Studies 16 (October 2, 2020): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/og.v16i1.9.

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Terrorism financing has become a threat to humanity and democracy in Africa. Most terrorist organizations in Africa need money to carry out their massacre activities, which threatens African democracy, political stability, and economic development. The wave of terrorism activities and terrorism financing in Africa have remained a major cause for concern. The pervasive widespread of terrorist attacks seem to have defile all situations. Apparently, in Nigeria, terrorist attack reports have become a daily menu. The lethal killings by Boko Haram in Nigeria can be likened to the era of the Nigerian Civil war. This paper therefore, compares and contrasts the terrorism financing vis-à-vis the nascent democracy in Africa with a focus on Nigerian cases of Boko Haram. Terrorism financing misrepresents democratic growth and economic development in Africa, which brought about a rise in terrorist widespread and negative financial growth and progress in Nigeria and Africa. The multi-dimensional of terrorist financing has brought difficulties to trace terrorist funds due to legitimize illegal sourcing of funds to terrorist accounts. The paper finds that the current wave of terrorism financing have made African democracy unstable and pathetically feeble. Keywords: Terrorism, financing, security, democracy
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WYSS, MARCO. "THE UNITED STATES, BRITAIN, AND MILITARY ASSISTANCE TO NIGERIA." Historical Journal 61, no. 4 (February 26, 2018): 1065–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x17000498.

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AbstractIn Nigeria, Britain asserted its post-colonial security role during and immediately after the transfer of power, and remained responsible for assisting the Nigerian armed forces. While the Americans recognized Nigeria's potential as an important partner in the Cold War, they preferred to focus on development aid. Washington was thus supposed to complement British assistance, while leaving the responsibility for the security sector to London. But with the escalation of the Cold War in Africa, the Nigerians’ efforts to reduce their dependency on the United Kingdom, and Nigeria's growing significance for the United States in African affairs, this Anglo-American burden-sharing was increasingly questioned in Washington. The United States thus eventually decided to militarize its aid policy towards Nigeria. In analysing the militarization of US aid policy towards Nigeria, this article will, first, assess the Anglo-American relationship in the early 1960s; secondly, position Nigeria in American Cold War policy towards Sub-Saharan Africa; thirdly, question the role of military assistance in Washington's policy towards Nigeria and Africa; and fourthly, discover the regional and local factors that influenced policy-makers in Washington and London.
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George Frynas, Jędrzej. "Social and environmental litigation against transnational firms in Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 42, no. 3 (August 3, 2004): 363–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x04000230.

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As elsewhere in the world, Africa has experienced a rise in litigation against transnational corporations for adverse environmental and social impact. Cape plc and RTZ have been sued in British courts for environmental damage and for breach of employment rights in Africa. Companies which sold products to South Africa's former apartheid regime, such as Fujitsu and IBM, are now being sued in US courts. Shell and Chevron are being sued in US courts for human rights abuses in Nigeria. At the same time, foreign firms have been successfully sued in African courts for social and environmental damage. This article outlines the main relevant court cases and attempts to assess the significance of this litigation. The discussion of litigation in this article is divided into three parts: court cases filed in English, American and African (mainly Nigerian) courts. This is followed by an explanation of the triggers of legal change, a discussion of the impact of litigation and the conclusion.
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Onuka, Onwuka Ifeanyi, and Ozegbe Roseline Oroboghae. "African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement – Does the Facts Support the Benefits for Nigeria?" International Business Research 13, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v13n7p236.

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Hesitantly, but finally, Nigeria joined the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) with the Nigerian President, Mohammadu Buhari, signing the protocol at the African Union Summit in Niamey on July 7, 2019 based on perceived benefits. This study interrogated the purported benefits for Nigeria using standard trade costs between Nigeria and peer countries in Africa. Using a content analytical framework on a dataset by World Development Indicators and World Integrated Trade Solutions, the study found that average tariff rate in Nigeria is very high when compared to that of her major trading rivals in Africa like Ghana, Egypt and South Africa. Furthermore, the study found Nigeria in a comparative disadvantaged position on the ease of doing business in the same setting. Also, Nigeria’s major export commodity is crude oil and lubricants which has little or no market in the continent. Besides, trade-related infrastructure, especially roads and maritime corridors, in Nigeria is poor even by African standards. With these structural problems, ipso facto, Nigeria may not benefit maximally and comparatively in the enlarged continental market envisioned by the AfCFTA agreement. The study therefore, recommended that Nigerian government should continue to maintain the present cautious approach and refrain from making further commitments on the AfCFTA deal. In the meantime, the country should embark on massive infrastructural and trade-related development, improve the ease of doing business and diversify the economy in order to be in vintage position to exploit the potential opportunities offered by the AfCFTA in the medium-to-long term horizon.
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Rivers, Natasha M. "No Longer Sojourners: The Complexities of Racial Ethnic Identity, Gender, and Generational Outcomes for Sub-Saharan Africans in the USA." International Journal of Population Research 2012 (May 14, 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/973745.

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Through individual and group testimonies from newly arrived, 1.5 and second generation sub-Saharan Africans (For this study sub-Saharan African refers to the countries located under Northern African countries, for example, Egypt and Morocco and, includes South Africa. There are over 50 countries represented by this region; however, the most populous groups from this region in Africa in the USA are Nigerian, Ethiopian, Kenyan, Liberian, Ghanaian, Cape Verdean, South African, and Somalian.), the diversity and complexity linked to their migration and integration experiences in the USA reveal that there is a gendered and generational element to their self identity. These elements are compounded by perceptions of being African American in a racialized society and deciding whether or not to stay connected to Africa, a continent that needs their financial, political, and social resources accumulated in the USA These “new” African Americans expand the definition of blackness in the USA. Many have created a transnational relationship to Africa and the USA, which provides important implications for Africa’s potential “brain gain” as well as socioeconomic, infrastructural, and political development.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Africa; African; Nigerian"

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Akinyoade, Akinbola I. "UNDERSTANDING NIGERIAN IMMIGRANTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGAGING IN TOURISM IN NIGERIA." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1365714631.

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Hutchison, Yvette. ""Memory is a weapon" : the uses of history and myth in selected post-1960 Kenyan, Nigerian and South African plays." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51338.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 1999.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In hierdie proefskrif word gekyk na die verwantskap tussen geskiedenis, mite, geheue en teater. Daar word ook gekyk na die mate waartoe historiese of mitiese toneelstukke gebruik kan word om die amptelike geheue en identiteite, soos deur bewindhebbers in post-koloniale Nigerie en Kenya geskep, terug kon wen of uit kon daag. Hierdie werke word dan vergelyk met die soort teater wat tydens die Apartheidbewind in Suid-Afrika geskep is, om verskille en ooreenkomste in die gebruik van historiese en mitiese gegewens te bekyk. Die slotsom is dat een van die belangrikste kenmerke van die teater in vandag se samelewing sy vermod is om alternatiewe historiese narratiewe te ontwikkel wat kan dien as teen-geheue ("counter-memory") vir die dominante narratief van amptelike geskiedenisse. Sodoende bevraagteken die teater dan ook 'n liniere en causale siening van die geskiedenis, maar interpreteer dit eerder as meervoudig en kompleks.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: This thesis considers the relationship between history, myth, memory and theatre. The study explores the extent to which historic or mythic plays were used to either reclaim or challenge the official memories and identities created by those in power in the postcolonial Kenyan and Nigerian context. These are then compared to the South African theatre created during Apartheid, exploring the similarities and differences in the South Africans use of historic or mythic referents. The conclusion reached is that one of the most powerful aspects of theatre in society is its ability to create alternate historic narratives that become a counter-memory to the dominant narrative of official histories. It also challenges seeing history as linear and causal, and makes it more plural and complex.
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Adanri, Adebayo A. "The Relationship Between Nigerian Local Government Administrative Leadership Styles and Organization Outcomes." Thesis, Walden University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10134346.

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Despite the multitude of existing studies of leadership and organizational outcome, there are few empirical studies of these phenomena in Africa. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between Nigerian local government administrative leadership and organizational outcome and between perceived leadership effectiveness and transformational leadership factors, based on Bass’s full range leadership theory (FRLT). Data were collected through the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaires administered to a randomly selected sample of 240 department heads in 30 local governments in Osun State, Nigeria. Regression result shows a statistically significant correlation between the local public administrators’ leadership practices and organizational outcome (p < 0.05), but the model only accounted for 10.5% of variance in organizational outcome, suggesting other influential factors on the local government outcome other than leadership. Regression results also showed a significant relationship between local public administrators’ leadership effectiveness and transformational leadership factors (p < 0.05). The model accounted for 28% of the variance in leadership effectiveness, suggesting other factors affecting the public administrators’ leadership effectiveness. The implications for positive social change include the opportunity to move the Nigerian local administrators’ leadership practices towards more effective and ethical leadership as explained by the spectrum of FRLT, through training and transformational leadership development programs. In turn, transformational leadership and organizational practices may discourage corruption and help build a sustainable local government institution that is responsive and accountable to the Nigerian public.

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Ademolu, Edward. "Rethinking audiences : visual representations of Africa and the Nigerian diaspora." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/rethinking-audiences-visual-representations-of-africa-and-the-nigerian-diaspora(6bac4536-7660-4412-bcc5-c703bd39b9e2).html.

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This thesis explores the relationship between development representations and diaspora audiences. It brings together literature on representations, with concepts of audience, diaspora and identity to provide an in-depth study of how and with what effects, visual representations of development in NGO fundraising campaigning that depict Africa, impact on Nigerian diaspora audiences. This study challenges the tendency in much of development literature in this field to homogenise British audiences of NGO communication. This has imagined audiences as some form of monocultural Western-situated community, coextensive with the 'general' British public. It further assumes audiences read, interpret and are impacted by NGO representations in very similar ways. This assumption precludes critical engagement with the complexities and particularities of audiences and is unable to reflect the multiple and differentiated ways in which audiences think, feel and behave in response to development representations. By using focus group discussions with UK Nigerian diaspora audiences, one-to-one interviews and online-ethnography as the methodological tool, and postcolonialism as an analytical framing, this thesis reveals the complex and contested ways that individual diaspora subjectivities, positionalities and life experiences are implicated in their construal of development representations and the perspicuity of their impact. One of the key findings of this study is that development representations impact African diaspora audiences in diverse and complicated ways, that both reproduce and contradict negative and, stereotypical 'ways of seeing' and knowing Africa. Furthermore, it highlights how diaspora ethno-racial/cultural identities affect, and are implicated in, the reading and interpretation of development representations of Africa. Indeed, diaspora audiences affirm and challenge their connections or, lack thereof, with their country of origin through these representations. Moreover, the study shows how NGO development representations provide symbolic spaces from which diaspora audiences can articulate their identities as well as, forge relationships among themselves and with their wider communities. This study builds on Stuart Hall's ([1973]1980) Encoding/Decoding theorisation on audiences, by demonstrating that Nigerian diaspora audiences of development representations are sophisticated, varied and paradoxical in how they interpret and decipher media representations. Indeed, their socio-cultural positioning, personal histories and lived-experiences inform and shape how they discursively construct perceptions and knowledge of their place of origin through representations. Furthermore, it contributes to postcolonial theorisations of hybridity in diaspora identities, by showing that Nigerians strategically adopt new and preferential ethnosymbolic identities, in response to representations. These re-configurations of the Diaspora 'Self' are neither stable or consistent but are nonetheless utilised by Nigerians to subvert development representations and harmful public perceptions and stereotypes about Africans that they shape.
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Kenan, John Sarauta. "The worship of God in African traditional religion : a Nigerian perspective." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17492.

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Bibliography: pages 89-92.
To date numerous works in the African traditional religion have appeared In this devoted to the description of field many have been particular religion phenomena, while some have attempted to refute the beliefs and practices of the religion. But examining the effort of various investigators who have grappled with this task, one has the impression that they may have overlooked something. This something is bringing together the beliefs and practices of African traditional religion to form the worships in other world religions. It can be said the worship of God in Africa traditional religion is the very soul of African religion. This study attempts and examines what some scholars have written about African traditional religion, its beliefs and practices, and brought it together to form what may be called the worship of God in the religion. In constructing the purpose of this study, many writers have been used. Here the writer would like to mention some scholars by name, because much of their material have been constantly used. Such scholars as John S. Mbiti, Geoffrey Parrinder and Emmanuel, Bolaji Idowu. These writers recorded careful observation of African traditional religion, its beliefs and practices. This provides useful insights into the worship of God in the religion. In achieving the study, the problem of ancestor-worship has been discussed, although a final conclusion has not been reached, because it is an ongoing debate. The practices and believes have been discussed as the starting point of the worship in religion. The study observed particular practices which constitute the worship. These includes: sacrifice, offering, prayer and the religious leaders who performed the worship. To make what constitutes the worship complete, the spiritual aspect of it has also been discussed. At the end of the study, some suggestions and recommendations have been made so as to stimulate and motivate the African students undertaking the studies of African traditional religion. It is also a challenge to the students who are studying African theology.
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Obiokoye, Iruoma Onyinye. "Eradicating delay in the administration of justice in African courts: a comparative analysis of South African and Nigerian courts." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/942.

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"A well functioning judiciary is a central element of civil society. It is the sole adjudicator over the political, social and economic spheres. Judiciaries in many African countries suffer from backlogs, delays and corruption. In countries such as Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana, Tanzania, and Uganda, speedy resolution of disputes is becoming increasingly elusive. Although many African countries have constitutional provisions against delay, and have identified congestion, excessive adjournments, local legal culture and corruption as some of the major causes of delay, nevertheless, the problem continues to be a feature in African Courts. In Nigeria, the average period to commence and complete litigation is six to ten years. In some instances, the litigation period is even longer. For example, in the case of Ariori v. Muraimo Elemo proceedings commenced in October 1960 and took 23 years to reach the Supreme Court of Nigeria. In South Africa, despite many programs and projects in place to solve the problem, delay in the administration of justice is still a problem. Appraising the extent of the problem, Penuell Maduna addressing the National Judges Symposium stated: “The public is perturbed by substantial backlogs in the criminal courts and in finalising prosecutions...” Mindful of the increase of this problem, especially in view of the consequences it poses, this study perceives a need to eradicate delay in the administration of justice. Thus, this study analyses the problem of delay in Nigerian and South African Courts with a view to ascertaining the nature, extent and causes of delay in the two countries, and suggests possible solutions to the problem. South Africa and Nigeria were chosen because they have similar judicial systems and experience delays in judicial proceedings." -- Chapter 1.
Prepared under the supervision of Mr. Abraham J. Hamman, Faculty of Law, University of Western Cape, South Africa
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Agum, David. "African Social and Political History: The Novelist (Chinua Achebe) as a Witness." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/216514.

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African American Studies
Ph.D.
This study examines the role of African novelists as major sources of historiography of Africa, and the socio-cultural experience of its people. Although many African novelists have over the years reflected issues of social and political significance in their works, only a few scholarly works seem to have addressed this phenomenon adequately. A major objective of this dissertation then is to help fill this gap by explicating these issues in the fiction of Chinua Achebe, a great iconic figure in African Literature. Utilizing the conceptual and analytical framework suggested in C.T. Keto's, Africa-Centered Perspective on History (1989), the contexts, themes, structures and techniques of the following five novels were examined: Things Fall Apart (1958), No Longer at Ease (1960), Arrow of God (1964), A Man of the People (1966), and Anthills of the Savannah (1987). The novels were shown to be replete with cogent social and political insights which provide an accurate portraiture of African/ Nigerian history of the 19th and 20th Century. The study seeks to make a modest contribution to the steadily mounting body of Africa centered criticism of the African novel/fiction within the context of African social and political history.
Temple University--Theses
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Kappo-Abidemi, Christiana Omolayo. "South African and Nigerian workers' perceptions of their trade union federations : a comparative analysis of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC)." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2085.

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Thesis (MTech (Human Resource Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012.
South Africa and Nigeria are both African countries, while the former is located in the southern region of the continent, the latter can be found in the western region. The Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) is the largest trade union federation in South Africa with twenty-nine affiliate unions. The trade union federation entered into an alliance with the ruling African National Congress (ANC) government owing to their long-standing involvement in the struggle for freedom during the Apartheid era in South Africa. Conversely, the Nigeria labour Congress (NLC) is the only trade union federation in Nigeria with forty-two affiliates. Their political alliance is with the have the Labour Party. The study examines and compares the two trade union federations' administrative and leadership styles. Also, economic, political and social involvements of the unions are examined and members' perceptions with regards to these two union federations promote the interest of their members are compared. Quantitatively designed close-ended questionnaires were distributed to members of (COSATU) and NLC affiliates. The members were drawn from South Africa Municipality Workers Union (SAMWU), South Africa Democratic Teachers Union (SADTU), Nigeria Union of local Government Employees (NULGE) and Nigeria Union of Teachers (NUT). Various questions were asked about the trade unions federation's performances regarding some union-specific areas. Participants were required to grade the unions' performance based on their opinions with regard to assessment of their functions. This study also, discusses the unions' performances in the past, and relates it with their present activities, as well as areas, which union members hope to improve. Results from the questionnaire were coded, cleaned and cross-tabulated by using SPSS. A chi-square test of association was used to determine significant levels of association. Levels of significant differences were determined at p≥ 0.05. The overall result shows that workers still believe in trade unions activities and representation.
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Dimkpa, Princewill. "Africa-Europe Migration : A Qualitative Analysis of Nigerian Migration to Europe via the Libya-Mediterranean Route." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Afrikanska studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-31322.

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This thesis examines the migration saga of Nigerians who follow the Libya-Mediterranean route to Europe and ended up in Sweden. With the use of Everret Lee’s Push and Pull theory as framework, this thesis provides a qualitative analysis of the reasons why Nigerian migrants choose to follow the Libya-Mediterranean route to Europe, how they ended up in Sweden, and why they choose to seek asylum in Sweden but not other countries in Europe. The study also discusses the Swedish migration and asylum policy in relation to Nigerian migrants. Through the use of interviews, first-hand information was obtained from four Nigerian migrants who had plied the Libya-Mediterranean route to Europe and agreed to participate in this study. The results of this study show that political instability, economic crisis, terrorism, insecurity, and stringent laws against homosexuality are all factors that could make some Nigerians migrate to Europe for a better life via the Libya-Mediterranean route.
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Nwakasi, Candidus C. "Exploring the Experiences of Nigerian Female Dementia Caregivers." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1574869417297074.

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Books on the topic "Africa; African; Nigerian"

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Great boys: An African childhood. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1998.

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Visions of nationhood: Prelude to the Nigerian Civil War. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2010.

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The Nigerian military and the state. London: Tauris Academic Studies, 1997.

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Ajayi, Omofolabo S. Yoruba dance: The semiotics of movement and body attitude in a Nigerian culture. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1998.

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Precolonial African intergroup relations in the Kauru and Pengana polities of Central Nigerian Highlands, 1800-1900. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1999.

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A window on Africa: Changing cultures and peoples : a festschrift in honour of Eckhard Breitinger. Lagos, Nigeria: Dat & Partners, 2008.

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Conference, Nigerian Philosophical Association. Philosophy and praxis in Africa: The proceedings of the annual Conference of the Nigerian Philosophical Association held at the University of Benin, Benin, 20-21 May 2004. Ibadan, Nigeria: Hope Publications, 2006.

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1975-, Muhammad Precious Rasheeda, ed. The autobiography of Nicholas Said: A native of Bornou, Eastern Soudan, Central Africa. Cambridge, MA: Journal of Islam in America, 2000.

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Amadasun, Olu George. History of football in Africa. Lagos, Nigeria: Times Books Limited, 1996.

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Ezenwa-Ohaeto. Chinua Achebe: A biography. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Africa; African; Nigerian"

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Ohiorhenuan, John F. E., and I. D. Poloamina. "Building Indigenous Technological Capacity in African Industry: The Nigerian Case." In Alternative Development Strategies in SubSaharan Africa, 294–317. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12255-4_11.

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Forrest, Tom. "The Advance of African Capital: The Growth of Nigerian Private Enterprises." In Alternative Development Strategies in SubSaharan Africa, 368–401. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12255-4_14.

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Munoriyarwa, Allen, and Chisom Jennifer Okoye. "‘They Are Vampires, Unlike Us’: Framing of South African Xenophobia by the Nigerian Press." In Mediating Xenophobia in Africa, 185–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61236-8_9.

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Olatunji, Olushola Adebayo. "The Comparative Analysis of Rankings in South African and Nigerian Higher Education Systems." In The Education Systems of Africa, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43042-9_34-1.

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Olatunji, Olushola Adebayo. "The Comparative Analysis of Rankings in South African and Nigerian Higher Education Systems." In The Education Systems of Africa, 887–902. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44217-0_34.

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Popoola, Kehinde Olayinka, Anne Jerneck, and Sunday Adesola Ajayi. "Climate Variability and Rural Livelihood Security: Impacts and Implications." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 423–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_200.

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AbstractIn a typical Nigerian village, the majority of the population comprises old people who are mostly economically unproductive due to reduced or loss of physical strength brought about by ageing and ill health. Many of these rural old people still work, and do so outside the formal sector, and are particularly susceptible to the effects of climate variability and change. Few studies have reported on climate change and the rural aged and there is a research gap as regards rural elderly peoples’ perception of climate variability impact on them. Since little is known about their perception of climate variability impacts and implications on the rural aged especially in relation to their livelihood activities in Sub-Saharan Africa, this chapter therefore examined the impact of climate variability on the livelihood security of the rural aged in different ecological zones of Nigeria.Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used for data collection. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews with four aged and four aged women selected purposively in each rural community and analyzed using Content Analysis Method. Quantitative data were obtained through structured questionnaire administered to an aged male and an aged female population available in selected houses (the aged are people 60 years and over in age) in selected rural communities in selected ecological zones of Nigeria. Where there was no combination of the two (aged men and aged women), either of the two was also sufficient.It was discovered that the ageds’ experiences of climate variability impact relate to the prevailing climate variability characteristic of each ecological zones. The impact on their livelihood in these zones is seen in terms of livestock death, lack of pastures for herds, scarcity of water, pest invasion, delayed planting crop failure, need for irrigation, water logging, drowning of small animals, human and animal illness. This means that planning decisions related to climate change issues should take cognizance of the views of the aged populations especially of those residing in rural areas as they are the most affected by the impact.
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Madunagu, Bene E. "The Nigerian Feminist Movement: Lessons from Women in Nigeria (WIN)." In African Women, 155–65. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230114326_11.

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Hassan, Adedoyin Rasaq, and Terri R. Lituchy. "Leadership in Nigeria." In LEAD: Leadership Effectiveness in Africa and the African Diaspora, 89–106. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59121-0_7.

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Morrison, Donald George, Robert Cameron Mitchell, and John Naber Paden. "Nigeria." In Black Africa, 583–95. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11023-0_41.

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Iheanachor, Nkemdilim, and Chris Ogbechie. "The Nigerian Beer Wars: SABMiller’s Entry into the Nigerian Brewing Space." In Africa-to-Africa Internationalization, 151–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30692-6_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Africa; African; Nigerian"

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Ifalade, Oluwajuwon, Elizabeth Obode, and Joseph Chineke. "Hydrocarbon of the Future: Sustainability, Energy Transition and Developing Nations." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207176-ms.

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Abstract The population of Africa is estimated to be about 1.5 billion, 25% of world population but the continent accounts for only 3.2% of global electricity generation (2.2% coming from South Africa, Egypt, Algeria and Morocco). This translates to the lowest per capita energy of any continent. The rapidly growing population in Africa will inevitably result in the emergence of more African cities and this underscores a need to urgently address the energy poverty concerns presented. The global energy landscape is changing, and Africa finds herself at a vantage point in the complex interplay between energy, development, climate change and sustainability. The need to provide an answer to these concerns is further highlighted by the effects of globalization and climate change. The onus rests on African countries to find a cross-functional solution; one which answers simultaneously to socio-economic and environmental challenges. This involves driving growth in energy supply and hence industrialization via the adoption of a balanced mix that harnesses all energy potential and integrated utilization possibilities. Projected increase in energy demands coupled with emission allowances present a unique opportunity for these countries to put in place plans and infrastructure congruent with the future energy landscape. In contrast to the narrative where African energy is driven majorly by renewables, the continent must first maximize the enormous fossil fuel potentials domiciled in large gas reserves in some of her countries to create an economy that can support a sustainable energy future. Natural gas is expected to play a vital role in the transition to a more environment friendly future of energy, especially in developing countries. This paper aims to present the prospects and challenges of the use of natural gas as a driver of sustainability and energy transition in the developing nations. Nigeria and the Nigerian Gas Master Plan will be taken as a Case Study.
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Ugwu, Alvin U. "LOCATING EVIDENCES OF EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION CURRICULAR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NIGERIAN AND SOUTH AFRICA." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education (BalticSTE2017). Scientia Socialis Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/balticste/2017.133.

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This research explores the integration of Education for Sustainable Development in the Science and Technology School Curriculum Documents of the Sub-Saharan African giant nations (Nigeria and South Africa) through a comparative analysis. The paper supports that Sustainable Development is a key in a present-day Science and Technology school curricula, given the global economic, social, cultural and environmental imperatives. The study suggests that science and technology curriculum should be a critical transformative tool towards integrating and fostering Sustainable Development in developing countries. Keywords: education for sustainable development, sustainable development, Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Ayodele, Emmanuel, Oshogwe Akpogomeh, Freda Amuah, and Gloria Maduabuchi. "African Continental Free Trade Agreement: the Pros and Cons on the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207164-ms.

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Abstract Nigeria has oil and gas as her major source of revenue, accounting for more than 80% of her foreign exchange, with the AfCFTA, that has been signed and ratified not just by Nigeria but by other African countries taking away tariffs on goods and services produced across the continent irrespective of the market where it's been sold. The AfCFTA being the second largest free trade agreement in the history of World Trade Organization is aimed at uniting African markets. This paper aims to review the framework of the continental free trade agreement, it pros and cons, its grey area, and its impact on the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria. The impact of the agreement on the local industries servicing the oil and gas industry is considered as well. The paper reviews the possible advantage of the AfCFTA on the Nigerian oil and gas market. The possible threats to nationalization in the oil and gas industry due to the availability of cheap labour and technical expertise across the continent in the country is analyzed. Solutions to protect the oil and gas industry in Nigeria is recommended as well.
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Ichado, Solomon. "Propane Dehydrogenation Technology; A Viable Alternative to Meet Nigeria's Growing Propylene Demand." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208237-ms.

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Abstract Global propylene demand increases year on year, conventional sources of propylene production like steam crackers, refinery fluid catalytic cracker (FCC) are unable to meet global demand for propylene and this has necessitated the use of "On-Purpose" sources for propylene production like propane dehydrogenation (PDH). The PDH and its impact in the propylene mix of the Nigerian petrochemical industry is what this work is centered on. The need for PDH technology in Nigeria stems from the reality that, Nigeria currently has no refinery with operational fluid catalytic cracker nor sufficient steam crackers to meet an estimated propylene demand gap of about 140 KTA (2016/2017) despite propylene production from a major player in Nigeria (at present, demand gap is expected to be more). This work involves analysis of Nigeria's petrochemical import and export, petrochemical market size, exposition to the PDH trendand technology focusing on UOP Oleflex technology (chemistry and operation/process flow) and how this technology can help close the current propylene demand gap in Nigeria especially as Nigeria enters its decade of gas. Petrochemical companies in Asia have been able to use this PDH technology to manufacture propylene thereby significantly closing the propylene demand gap, constructing the most PDH plants in the last 5 years in the process. This also can be replicated in Nigeria and aid in closing propylene demand gap, and with surplus, begin to export propylene to the West African market to generate revenue, improving GDP.
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Forristall, George Z., Kevin Ewans, Michel Olagnon, and Marc Prevosto. "The West Africa Swell Project (WASP)." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11264.

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The responses of floating systems are sensitive to the detailed shape of the swell portion of the wave spectrum. Knowledge of swell is particularly important for sites off West Africa. The West Africa Swell Project (WASP JIP) was formed to analyze the available data on West African swell. Measurements were obtained from Shell, Ifremer, Chevron and Marathon. Hindcast data came from Oceanweather and the NOAA Wavewatch model. Sites ranging from Nigeria to Namibia were considered. Modeling the dispersion of swell over long distances indicates that the resulting power spectrum will have a triangular or lognormal shape. Sampling variability makes it difficult to distinguish between those shapes or Jonswap or Gaussian forms, but lognormal spectra generally provided good fits. The models also indicate that the width of the spectrum in both frequency and direction should be inversely related to the peak frequency. Fits to the measurements established detailed relationships for each location. Calculating the response of single degree of freedom oscillators to the measured and hindcast spectra produces response spectra which give the maximum response as a function of natural period and damping. Extreme values of system response can be calculated from the response spectra. The largest responses come from uni-modal spectra, and design spectra can be estimated by inflating them.
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Dias, Rui, and Hortense Santos. "STOCK MARKET EFFICIENCY IN AFRICA: EVIDENCE FROM RANDOM WALK HYPOTHESIS." In Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2020.25.

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This paper aims to test the efficient market hypothesis, in its weak form, in the stock markets of BOTSWANA, EGYPT, KENYA, MOROCCO, NIGERIA and SOUTH AFRICA, in the period from September 2, 2019 to September 2, 2020. In order to achieve this analysis, we intend to find out if: the global pandemic (Covid-19) has decreased the efficiency, in its weak form, of African stock markets? The results therefore support the evidence that the random walk hypothesis is not supported by the financial markets analyzed in this period of global pandemic. The values of variance ratios are lower than the unit, which implies that the yields are autocorrelated in time and, there is reversal to the mean, and no differences were identified between the stock markets analyzed. The authors consider that the results achieved are of interest to investors looking for opportunities for portfolio diversification in these regional stock markets.
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Eze, Joy, Oluwarotimi Onakomaiya, Ademola Ogunrinde, Olusegun Adegboyega, James Wopara, Fred Timibitei, and Matthew Ideh. "Practical Experience in Rig Move and Workover Operations in an Amphibious Terrain: A Case Study of Escravos Beach Rig Move and Workover Operations." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2582947-ms.

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ABSTRACT The exploration and production of oil and gas mostly occurs in remote locations, so as to minimize human exposure and Health Security Safety and Environment (HSSE) risks. Shell Companies in Nigeria is not any different having operated for over 50 years in Nigeria with the largest footprint of all the international oil and gas companies operating in the country spanning over land, swamp, shallow waters and offshore terrains. Shell Petroleum Development Company, the operator of a joint venture (the SPDC JV) between the government-owned Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation – NNPC (55% share), Shell (30%), Total E&P Nigeria Ltd (10%) and the ENI subsidiary Agip Oil Company Limited (5%) focuses mostly on onshore and shallow water oil and gas production in the Niger Delta with about 60+ producing oil and gas fields and a network of approximately 5,000 kilometers of oil and gas pipelines and flow lines spread across the Niger Delta. Escravos Beach is over 60km from the closest major city, Warri, a major oil and gas zone in the Niger Delta. It is bounded by the Escravos River to the East, Chevron canal to the North and the Atlantic Ocean to the South and is covered with predominantly mangrove forest especially along the creeks and consists of a number of natural and man-made waterways (rivers, creeks and canals). Unlike most other onshore operations, this location can only be accessed via the waterways; thus requiring the rig equipment and every other equipment to be channeled via the waterways and subsequently on land to arrive at the site. The amphibious nature of this operation requires a combination of onshore and swamp requirements with increased HSSE exposure, logistics requirement and cost. This paper aims to highlight the practical experience garnered in the rig move and workover operations of Rig XYZ which operated in the Escravos Beach region.
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Onuoha, K. Mosto, and Chidozie I. Dim. "Prospects and Challenges of Developing Unconventional Petroleum Resources in the Anambra Inland Basin of Nigeria." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2571791-ms.

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ABSTRACT The boom in the development of unconventional petroleum resources, particularly shale gas in the United States of America during the last decade has had far reaching implications for energy markets across the world and particularly for Nigeria, a country that traditionally has been Africa&rsquo;s leading crude oil producer and exporter. The Cretaceous Anambra Basin is currently the only inland basin in Nigeria where the existence of commercial quantities of oil and gas has been proven (outside the Tertiary Niger Delta Basin). The possibility of similarly finding commercially viable resources of unconventional petroleum resources in the basin appears quite attractive on the basis of the existence of seepages of shale oil and presence of coal-bed methane in some of the coal seams of the Mamu Formation (Lower Coal Measures) in the basin. This paper presents the results of our preliminary assessment of the shale oil and gas resources of the Anambra Basin. Our main objective is to locate the zones of very high quality plays within the basin, focusing on their depositional environments (whether marine or non-marine), areal extent of the target shale formations, gross shale intervals, total organic content, and thermal maturity. Data on the total organic content (TOC %, by weight) and thermal maturity of shales from different wells in the basin show that many of the shales have high TOCs (i.e greater than 2%) comparable to known shale gas and shale oil plays globally. Shale oil seepages are known to occur around Lokpanta in south-eastern Nigeria, but there is a general predominance of gas-prone facies in our inland basins indicating good prospects for finding unconventional petroleum in this and other Nigerian inland sedimentary basins. The main challenge to the exploration of unconventional resources in Nigeria today has to do with the absence of the enabling laws and regulatory framework governing their exploration and subsequent exploitation. The revised Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) currently under consideration in the National Assembly is expected to introduce drastic and lasting changes in the way the petroleum industry business is conducted in the country, but all the provisions of the draft law pertain mainly to conventional oil and gas resources.
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Hashimu, Shehu. "AFRICAN MIGRATION TO EUROPE AND THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN SLAVERY AFRICA: WHO IS TO BLAME? NIGERIA IN PERSPECTIVES." In 36th International Academic Conference, London. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2018.036.015.

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Kusimo, Abisola C., and Sheri Sheppard. "Manufacturing Vulnerability: How Resource Scarcity Hinders Team Coordination During Manufacturing in Nigerian Factories." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97820.

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Abstract The purpose of this research is to learn how less-skilled workers (LSWs) and highly-skilled workers (HSWs) coordinate in Nigerian factories, where the formal education gap between these two groups can be quite significant. The study takes place in two factories and two universities across four Nigerian states over the summer of 2018. Drawing on methods of ethnography (i.e. a collection of qualitative methods to closely observe social interactions and practices as to interpret and build theory), it was discovered that resource scarcity hinders team coordination through the occurrence of four obstacles: (1) unclear role boundaries and work processes, (2) poor attitude towards work, (3) under- and overutilization of employees, and (4) worker demoralization and feelings of being undervalued. This paper builds upon previous work on factory coordination in cross-occupational functional groups in Silicon Valley. Theoretically, this paper reveals how the studied manufacturing firms in Nigeria currently perform team coordination and the challenges that prevent them from reaching high efficiency. Additionally, it offers premises for future field experiments to test the generalizability of the findings and interventions to enhance coordination effectiveness and the product development process in Sub-Saharan African manufacturing firms. Implications for the literature on engineering for global development is discussed. Ultimately, this research is a small step towards enabling independent African firms to have the skills, tools, and resources to design and create their own unique solutions for challenges faced in-country.
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Reports on the topic "Africa; African; Nigerian"

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Gopaldas, Ronak. Africa Current Issues - Can South Africa / Nigeria Relations be Recalibrated? Nanyang Business School, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32655/africacurrentissues.2019.11.

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Butts, Kent H., and Steven Metz. Armies and Democracy in the New Africa: Lessons From Nigeria and South Africa. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada306598.

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Virgil, Greg A. Nigeria: Developing a Strategy for Sub-Saharan Africa. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada264618.

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Raji, Rafiq. Africa Current Issues - Digital Financial Inclusion in Africa: An Analytical Assessment of Kenya & Nigeria. Nanyang Business School, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32655/africacurrentissues.2020.21.

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Danladi, Abah Danladi. Mapping the African Philanthropic Space: Opportunities and Challenges for Development in Nigeria. West Africa Civil Society Institute (WACSI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15868/socialsector.36754.

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Adelaja, Adesoji, Justin George, Thomas Jayne, Milu Muyanga, Titus Awokuse, Adebayo Aromolaran, and Lenis Saweda O. Liverpool-Tasie. How Conflicts Affect Land Expansion by Smallholder Farmers: Evidence from Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.015.

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The expansion of smallholder farms into larger farm sizes is a key strategy for growing agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. This strategy could simultaneously expand farm incomes while addressing poverty since the majority of farms in sub-Saharan Africa are smallholder farms. There is limited existing research on the possible role of conflicts in stymying the ability of smallholder farmers to transition into larger-scale farming and on the impacts of conflicts in areas that are not directly within active conflict zones. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of conflict on the ability of smallholder farmers to transition to larger scales in two regions that are not in a traditional conflict zone, by developing a household utility maximisation model to explain choices made by farm households in response to conflict.
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Mante, Ofei D. Sub-Saharan Africa Is Lighting Up: Uneven Progress on Electrification. RTI Press, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0056.1811.

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This research paper provides a regional review of the state of electricity access in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), focusing on installed capacity, electricity generation, the growth of renewable energy, electricity consumption, government investment, public financial flows, and several major initiatives. The study contrasts electrification between 1990 and 2010 with recent efforts and identifies countries that are consistently making progress and those that lag. The analyses show signs of progress on scaling up SSA power infrastructure and increasing electricity access, particularly in the Eastern and Western sub-regions. The installed generation capacity expanded at an average rate of 2.43 GW/year between 2005 and 2015. Renewable energy is growing, particularly solar, wind, and geothermal; about 9.7 GW of renewable energy capacity was installed between 2010 and 2016. Over this period, the net electricity generation in SSA increased at 9.1 TWh/year, more than double the historical average growth of 4.02 TWh/year (1990–2010). In general, the study found that rates of electrification across the entire region are more than twice the historical rates, and an average of at least 26 million people are now gaining access to electricity yearly. Nevertheless, progress is uneven across SSA. As of 2016, almost half of the population without electricity access live in Nigeria, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda. Quantitative analysis suggests that about 70 million people in SSA would have to gain access every year from 2017 to achieve universal access by 2030. Overall, SSA countries with national programs on energy access supported by policy/regulatory framework and infrastructure investment are making progress.
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Ituen, Bassey. The European powers in Africa : can the obstacles to national unity be attributed to them? Nigeria, a test case. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.794.

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Rukundo, Solomon. Tax Amnesties in Africa: An Analysis of the Voluntary Disclosure Programme in Uganda. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.005.

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Tax amnesties have taken centre stage as a compliance tool in recent years. The OECD estimates that since 2009 tax amnesties in 40 jurisdictions have resulted in the collection of an additional €102 billion in tax revenue. A number of African countries have introduced tax amnesties in the last decade, including Nigeria, Namibia, South Africa and Tanzania. Despite their global popularity, the efficacy of tax amnesties as a tax compliance tool remains in doubt. The revenue is often below expectations, and it probably could have been raised through effective use of regular enforcement measures. It is also argued that tax amnesties might incentivise non-compliance – taxpayers may engage in non-compliance in the hope of benefiting from an amnesty. This paper examines the administration of tax amnesties in various jurisdictions around the world, including the United States, Australia, Canada, Kenya and South Africa. The paper makes a cost-benefit analysis of these and other tax amnesties – and from this analysis develops a model tax amnesty, whose features maximise the benefits of a tax amnesty while minimising the potential costs. The model tax amnesty: (1) is permanent, (2) is available only to taxpayers who make a voluntary disclosure, (3) relieves taxpayers of penalties, interest and the risk of prosecution, but treats intentional and unintentional non-compliance differently, (4) has clear reporting requirements for taxpayers, and (5) is communicated clearly to attract non-compliant taxpayers without appearing unfair to the compliant ones. The paper then focuses on the Ugandan tax amnesty introduced in July 2019 – a Voluntary Disclosure Programme (VDP). As at 7 November 2020, this initiative had raised USh16.8 billion (US$6.2 million) against a projection of USh45 billion (US$16.6 million). The paper examines the legal regime and administration of this VDP, scoring it against the model tax amnesty. It notes that, while the Ugandan VDP partially matches up to the model tax amnesty, because it is permanent, restricted to taxpayers who make voluntary disclosure and relieves penalties and interest only, it still falls short due to a number of limitations. These include: (1) communication of the administration of the VDP through a public notice, instead of a practice note that is binding on the tax authority; (2) uncertainty regarding situations where a VDP application is made while the tax authority has been doing a secret investigation into the taxpayer’s affairs; (3) the absence of differentiated treatment between taxpayers involved in intentional non-compliance, and those whose non-compliance may be unintentional; (4) lack of clarity on how the VDP protects the taxpayer when non-compliance involves the breach of other non-tax statutes, such as those governing financial regulation; (5)absence of clear timelines in the administration of the VDP, which creates uncertainty;(6)failure to cater for voluntary disclosures with minor errors; (7) lack of clarity on VDP applications that result in a refund position for the applicant; and (8) lack of clarity on how often a VDP application can be made. The paper offers recommendations on how the Ugandan VDP can be aligned to match the model tax amnesty, in order to gain the most from this compliance tool.
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Carreras, Marco, Amrita Saha, and John Thompson. Rapid Assessment of the Impact of Covid-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa – Synthesis Report 1. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.008.

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To gain a better understanding of the impact that COVID-19 is having on food systems and rural livelihoods in the region, researchers in the Agricultural Policy Research in Africa (APRA) Programme of the Future Agricultures Consortium (FAC) are conducting a rolling series of telephone-based household surveys and key informant interviews in selected study locations across multiple countries. This report presents results from the first round of that research in seven countries – Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania and Zimbabwe – from interviews conducted in June-July 2020.1 APRA will monitor the situation as the pandemic unfolds through further rounds of data collection and analysis in late 2020 and early 2021.
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