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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Africa; African; Nigerian'
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Akinyoade, Akinbola I. "UNDERSTANDING NIGERIAN IMMIGRANTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGAGING IN TOURISM IN NIGERIA." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1365714631.
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Hutchison, Yvette. ""Memory is a weapon" : the uses of history and myth in selected post-1960 Kenyan, Nigerian and South African plays." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51338.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 1999.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In hierdie proefskrif word gekyk na die verwantskap tussen geskiedenis, mite, geheue en teater. Daar word ook gekyk na die mate waartoe historiese of mitiese toneelstukke gebruik kan word om die amptelike geheue en identiteite, soos deur bewindhebbers in post-koloniale Nigerie en Kenya geskep, terug kon wen of uit kon daag. Hierdie werke word dan vergelyk met die soort teater wat tydens die Apartheidbewind in Suid-Afrika geskep is, om verskille en ooreenkomste in die gebruik van historiese en mitiese gegewens te bekyk. Die slotsom is dat een van die belangrikste kenmerke van die teater in vandag se samelewing sy vermod is om alternatiewe historiese narratiewe te ontwikkel wat kan dien as teen-geheue ("counter-memory") vir die dominante narratief van amptelike geskiedenisse. Sodoende bevraagteken die teater dan ook 'n liniere en causale siening van die geskiedenis, maar interpreteer dit eerder as meervoudig en kompleks.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: This thesis considers the relationship between history, myth, memory and theatre. The study explores the extent to which historic or mythic plays were used to either reclaim or challenge the official memories and identities created by those in power in the postcolonial Kenyan and Nigerian context. These are then compared to the South African theatre created during Apartheid, exploring the similarities and differences in the South Africans use of historic or mythic referents. The conclusion reached is that one of the most powerful aspects of theatre in society is its ability to create alternate historic narratives that become a counter-memory to the dominant narrative of official histories. It also challenges seeing history as linear and causal, and makes it more plural and complex.
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Adanri, Adebayo A. "The Relationship Between Nigerian Local Government Administrative Leadership Styles and Organization Outcomes." Thesis, Walden University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10134346.
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Despite the multitude of existing studies of leadership and organizational outcome, there are few empirical studies of these phenomena in Africa. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between Nigerian local government administrative leadership and organizational outcome and between perceived leadership effectiveness and transformational leadership factors, based on Bass’s full range leadership theory (FRLT). Data were collected through the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaires administered to a randomly selected sample of 240 department heads in 30 local governments in Osun State, Nigeria. Regression result shows a statistically significant correlation between the local public administrators’ leadership practices and organizational outcome (p < 0.05), but the model only accounted for 10.5% of variance in organizational outcome, suggesting other influential factors on the local government outcome other than leadership. Regression results also showed a significant relationship between local public administrators’ leadership effectiveness and transformational leadership factors (p < 0.05). The model accounted for 28% of the variance in leadership effectiveness, suggesting other factors affecting the public administrators’ leadership effectiveness. The implications for positive social change include the opportunity to move the Nigerian local administrators’ leadership practices towards more effective and ethical leadership as explained by the spectrum of FRLT, through training and transformational leadership development programs. In turn, transformational leadership and organizational practices may discourage corruption and help build a sustainable local government institution that is responsive and accountable to the Nigerian public.
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Ademolu, Edward. "Rethinking audiences : visual representations of Africa and the Nigerian diaspora." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/rethinking-audiences-visual-representations-of-africa-and-the-nigerian-diaspora(6bac4536-7660-4412-bcc5-c703bd39b9e2).html.
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This thesis explores the relationship between development representations and diaspora audiences. It brings together literature on representations, with concepts of audience, diaspora and identity to provide an in-depth study of how and with what effects, visual representations of development in NGO fundraising campaigning that depict Africa, impact on Nigerian diaspora audiences. This study challenges the tendency in much of development literature in this field to homogenise British audiences of NGO communication. This has imagined audiences as some form of monocultural Western-situated community, coextensive with the 'general' British public. It further assumes audiences read, interpret and are impacted by NGO representations in very similar ways. This assumption precludes critical engagement with the complexities and particularities of audiences and is unable to reflect the multiple and differentiated ways in which audiences think, feel and behave in response to development representations. By using focus group discussions with UK Nigerian diaspora audiences, one-to-one interviews and online-ethnography as the methodological tool, and postcolonialism as an analytical framing, this thesis reveals the complex and contested ways that individual diaspora subjectivities, positionalities and life experiences are implicated in their construal of development representations and the perspicuity of their impact. One of the key findings of this study is that development representations impact African diaspora audiences in diverse and complicated ways, that both reproduce and contradict negative and, stereotypical 'ways of seeing' and knowing Africa. Furthermore, it highlights how diaspora ethno-racial/cultural identities affect, and are implicated in, the reading and interpretation of development representations of Africa. Indeed, diaspora audiences affirm and challenge their connections or, lack thereof, with their country of origin through these representations. Moreover, the study shows how NGO development representations provide symbolic spaces from which diaspora audiences can articulate their identities as well as, forge relationships among themselves and with their wider communities. This study builds on Stuart Hall's ([1973]1980) Encoding/Decoding theorisation on audiences, by demonstrating that Nigerian diaspora audiences of development representations are sophisticated, varied and paradoxical in how they interpret and decipher media representations. Indeed, their socio-cultural positioning, personal histories and lived-experiences inform and shape how they discursively construct perceptions and knowledge of their place of origin through representations. Furthermore, it contributes to postcolonial theorisations of hybridity in diaspora identities, by showing that Nigerians strategically adopt new and preferential ethnosymbolic identities, in response to representations. These re-configurations of the Diaspora 'Self' are neither stable or consistent but are nonetheless utilised by Nigerians to subvert development representations and harmful public perceptions and stereotypes about Africans that they shape.
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Kenan, John Sarauta. "The worship of God in African traditional religion : a Nigerian perspective." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17492.
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Bibliography: pages 89-92.To date numerous works in the African traditional religion have appeared In this devoted to the description of field many have been particular religion phenomena, while some have attempted to refute the beliefs and practices of the religion. But examining the effort of various investigators who have grappled with this task, one has the impression that they may have overlooked something. This something is bringing together the beliefs and practices of African traditional religion to form the worships in other world religions. It can be said the worship of God in Africa traditional religion is the very soul of African religion. This study attempts and examines what some scholars have written about African traditional religion, its beliefs and practices, and brought it together to form what may be called the worship of God in the religion. In constructing the purpose of this study, many writers have been used. Here the writer would like to mention some scholars by name, because much of their material have been constantly used. Such scholars as John S. Mbiti, Geoffrey Parrinder and Emmanuel, Bolaji Idowu. These writers recorded careful observation of African traditional religion, its beliefs and practices. This provides useful insights into the worship of God in the religion. In achieving the study, the problem of ancestor-worship has been discussed, although a final conclusion has not been reached, because it is an ongoing debate. The practices and believes have been discussed as the starting point of the worship in religion. The study observed particular practices which constitute the worship. These includes: sacrifice, offering, prayer and the religious leaders who performed the worship. To make what constitutes the worship complete, the spiritual aspect of it has also been discussed. At the end of the study, some suggestions and recommendations have been made so as to stimulate and motivate the African students undertaking the studies of African traditional religion. It is also a challenge to the students who are studying African theology.
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Obiokoye, Iruoma Onyinye. "Eradicating delay in the administration of justice in African courts: a comparative analysis of South African and Nigerian courts." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/942.
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"A well functioning judiciary is a central element of civil society. It is the sole adjudicator over the political, social and economic spheres. Judiciaries in many African countries suffer from backlogs, delays and corruption. In countries such as Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana, Tanzania, and Uganda, speedy resolution of disputes is becoming increasingly elusive. Although many African countries have constitutional provisions against delay, and have identified congestion, excessive adjournments, local legal culture and corruption as some of the major causes of delay, nevertheless, the problem continues to be a feature in African Courts. In Nigeria, the average period to commence and complete litigation is six to ten years. In some instances, the litigation period is even longer. For example, in the case of Ariori v. Muraimo Elemo proceedings commenced in October 1960 and took 23 years to reach the Supreme Court of Nigeria. In South Africa, despite many programs and projects in place to solve the problem, delay in the administration of justice is still a problem. Appraising the extent of the problem, Penuell Maduna addressing the National Judges Symposium stated: “The public is perturbed by substantial backlogs in the criminal courts and in finalising prosecutions...” Mindful of the increase of this problem, especially in view of the consequences it poses, this study perceives a need to eradicate delay in the administration of justice. Thus, this study analyses the problem of delay in Nigerian and South African Courts with a view to ascertaining the nature, extent and causes of delay in the two countries, and suggests possible solutions to the problem. South Africa and Nigeria were chosen because they have similar judicial systems and experience delays in judicial proceedings." -- Chapter 1.Prepared under the supervision of Mr. Abraham J. Hamman, Faculty of Law, University of Western Cape, South Africa
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Agum, David. "African Social and Political History: The Novelist (Chinua Achebe) as a Witness." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/216514.
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African American StudiesPh.D.
This study examines the role of African novelists as major sources of historiography of Africa, and the socio-cultural experience of its people. Although many African novelists have over the years reflected issues of social and political significance in their works, only a few scholarly works seem to have addressed this phenomenon adequately. A major objective of this dissertation then is to help fill this gap by explicating these issues in the fiction of Chinua Achebe, a great iconic figure in African Literature. Utilizing the conceptual and analytical framework suggested in C.T. Keto's, Africa-Centered Perspective on History (1989), the contexts, themes, structures and techniques of the following five novels were examined: Things Fall Apart (1958), No Longer at Ease (1960), Arrow of God (1964), A Man of the People (1966), and Anthills of the Savannah (1987). The novels were shown to be replete with cogent social and political insights which provide an accurate portraiture of African/ Nigerian history of the 19th and 20th Century. The study seeks to make a modest contribution to the steadily mounting body of Africa centered criticism of the African novel/fiction within the context of African social and political history.
Temple University--Theses
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Kappo-Abidemi, Christiana Omolayo. "South African and Nigerian workers' perceptions of their trade union federations : a comparative analysis of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC)." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2085.
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Thesis (MTech (Human Resource Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012.South Africa and Nigeria are both African countries, while the former is located in the southern region of the continent, the latter can be found in the western region. The Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) is the largest trade union federation in South Africa with twenty-nine affiliate unions. The trade union federation entered into an alliance with the ruling African National Congress (ANC) government owing to their long-standing involvement in the struggle for freedom during the Apartheid era in South Africa. Conversely, the Nigeria labour Congress (NLC) is the only trade union federation in Nigeria with forty-two affiliates. Their political alliance is with the have the Labour Party. The study examines and compares the two trade union federations' administrative and leadership styles. Also, economic, political and social involvements of the unions are examined and members' perceptions with regards to these two union federations promote the interest of their members are compared. Quantitatively designed close-ended questionnaires were distributed to members of (COSATU) and NLC affiliates. The members were drawn from South Africa Municipality Workers Union (SAMWU), South Africa Democratic Teachers Union (SADTU), Nigeria Union of local Government Employees (NULGE) and Nigeria Union of Teachers (NUT). Various questions were asked about the trade unions federation's performances regarding some union-specific areas. Participants were required to grade the unions' performance based on their opinions with regard to assessment of their functions. This study also, discusses the unions' performances in the past, and relates it with their present activities, as well as areas, which union members hope to improve. Results from the questionnaire were coded, cleaned and cross-tabulated by using SPSS. A chi-square test of association was used to determine significant levels of association. Levels of significant differences were determined at p≥ 0.05. The overall result shows that workers still believe in trade unions activities and representation.
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Dimkpa, Princewill. "Africa-Europe Migration : A Qualitative Analysis of Nigerian Migration to Europe via the Libya-Mediterranean Route." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Afrikanska studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-31322.
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This thesis examines the migration saga of Nigerians who follow the Libya-Mediterranean route to Europe and ended up in Sweden. With the use of Everret Lee’s Push and Pull theory as framework, this thesis provides a qualitative analysis of the reasons why Nigerian migrants choose to follow the Libya-Mediterranean route to Europe, how they ended up in Sweden, and why they choose to seek asylum in Sweden but not other countries in Europe. The study also discusses the Swedish migration and asylum policy in relation to Nigerian migrants. Through the use of interviews, first-hand information was obtained from four Nigerian migrants who had plied the Libya-Mediterranean route to Europe and agreed to participate in this study. The results of this study show that political instability, economic crisis, terrorism, insecurity, and stringent laws against homosexuality are all factors that could make some Nigerians migrate to Europe for a better life via the Libya-Mediterranean route.
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Nwakasi, Candidus C. "Exploring the Experiences of Nigerian Female Dementia Caregivers." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1574869417297074.
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Van, Rhyn Chris. "Towards a mapping of the marginal : readings of art songs by Nigerian, Ghanaian, Egyptian and South African composers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85813.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: African art music practices of western origin have oftentimes been excluded from general discourses on western art music practices. In this study, close readings of selected art songs by twentieth and twenty-first century Nigerian, Ghanaian, Egyptian and South African composers serve to ‘map’ this music through challenging existing general discourses on art music composition, and genre-specific discourses on art song composition in Africa. The readings also serve to create new discourses, including ones that promote African crossregional engagements. In the first part of this dissertation, the readings take place in the contexts of the selected countries. The second section presents pre-selected discourses and theories as points of departure. Chapter 2 proposes to question how the theory of African vocalism can be expanded, and how animist materialism could serve as an alternative context in which to read the composition of art music in Nigeria and Ghana. Chapter 3 aims to answer which strategies in anti-exotic self-representation have been followed in twentieth-century Egyptian art song. Chapter 4 asks how South African composers of art song have denoted ‘Africa’ in their works, and how these denotations relate to their oeuvres and general stylistic practices. Chapter 5 interrogates how composers have dealt with the requirements of tonal languages in their setting of texts in such languages to music. Chapter 6 probes possible interpretations of composers’ display of the ‘objects’ of cultural affiliation, positing expatriate African composers as diplomats. Chapter 7 asks what the contexts are in which to read specific examples of African intercultural art music, without which the analyst might make an inappropriate (perhaps unethical?) value judgement. The conclusion presents a comparison of trends and styles in African art song to those in certain western song traditions. A discussion on folk and popular song styles as art is followed by a consideration of African vocalism in the context of the dissertation as a whole. A continuation of an earlier discussion on the compositional denotation of ‘Africa’ leads to a consideration of the ‘duty to denote’ in the context of western modernity.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kunsmusiekpraktyke van westerse oorsprong in Afrika is gereeld van algemene diskoerse oor westerse kunsmusiekpraktyke uitgesluit. Stip-lesings van geselekteerde kunsliedere deur Nigeriese, Ghanese, Egiptiese en Suid-Afrikaanse komponiste dien in hierdie studie om die musiek op die ‘kaart te plaas’ deur in gesprek te tree met bestaande algemene diskoerse oor kunsmusiekkomposisie, asook genre-spesifieke diskoerse oor kunsliedkomposisie in Afrika. Die lesings dien ook om nuwe diskoerse te skep, insluitend diskoerse wat gesprekke óór die grense van verskillende streke in Afrika bevorder. Die lesings in die eerste helfde van die proefskrif vind plaas binne die kontekste van die geselekteerde lande. In die tweede deel word vooraf-geselekteerde diskoerse en teorieë as wegspringpunte gebruik. Hoofstuk 2 stel dit ten doel om te vra hoe die teorie van Afrikavokalisme (African vocalism) uitgebrei kan word, en hoe animistiese realisering (animist materialism) as alternatiewe konteks kan dien waarin die komposisie van kunsmusiek in Nigerië en Ghana gelees kan word. In Hoofstuk 3 word gepoog om uit te vind watter strategieë in anti-eksotiese self-uitbeelding gevolg is in twintigste-eeuse Egiptiese kunsliedkomposisie. Die doel van Hoofstuk 5 is om uit te vind hoe komponiste die vereistes van toontale in hul toonsettings van tekste in sulke tale hanteer het. Hoofstuk 6 ondersoek moontlike interpretasies van komponiste se aanbiedings van die ‘objekte’ van kultuuraffiliasie deur die postulering van geëmigreerde komponiste as diplomate. Hoofstuk 7 vra wat die kontekste is waarin spesifieke voorbeelde van interkulturele kunsmusiek uit Afrika gelees kan word, waarsonder die analis ‘n onvanpaste (dalk onetiese?) waardebeoordeling kan maak. Die slot bied ’n vergelyking van tendense en style in Afrika-kunsliedere met dié in sekere westerse liedtradisies aan. ’n Bespreking van volks- en populêre liedstyle as kuns word gevolg deur ’n oorweging van Afrika-vokalisme in die konteks van die proefskrif as geheel. ‘n Voortsetting van ’n vroeëre gesprek oor die komposisionele uitbeelding van ‘Afrika’ lei tot ‘n oorweging van die ‘plig om uit te beeld’ in die konteks van westerse moderniteit.
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Ogwude, Haadiza N. "Popular Nigerian Women's Magazines and Discourses of Femininity: A Textual Analysis of Today's Woman, Genevieve, and Exquisite." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou161643816575918.
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Agboaye, Isikhuemen. "Exploring postcolonial trauma in Nigeria as stimulus for creating new plays." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/621976.
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This research is situated within the practice-led method, enabling me as a playwright to gain stimulus for creating trauma informed plays. The framework for creating such plays in this research is the centre-periphery concept (Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffin, 2013, 43) situated with the imagined nation as backdrops for understanding postcolonial trauma. In order to gain stimulus for playwriting in this research, I explored Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart and Wole Soyinka's Death and the King's Horseman to understanding postcolonial trauma in my part of Africa, being Nigeria. I also explored other sources for the purpose of gaining stimulus from embedded trauma motifs, useful for writing The Longest Snake, The Endless Walk and the Alternative plays. The Alternative plays draw meanings from the initial plays and are interventive and socio-dramatic; revealing how trauma may be understood from other perspectives. The originality of this research and contribution to knowledge may be perceived in the new plays which incorporate trauma notions; the role of the 'circle' in conceptualisation and the use of the 'centre-periphery' concepts as template for playwriting and analysis. The originality may also be inferred from the interventive relevance of the created plays, touching on how postcolonial trauma may be understood from the lens of the imagined nation, and events in the centre-periphery context. It is also important to mention how the collectives are traumatically affected by the negative effects of colonisation as mirrored in the textual sources explored. Equally relevant are my personal experiences and the African folklore and folktale milieu, which are relevant for understanding postcolonial trauma through praxis; reiterating Gray and Marlins' (2016: 2) thoughts that 'We learn most effectively by doing - by active experience, and reflection on that experience,' which may be seen in the context of the practice-led approach I adopted in this research.
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Oladosu, Olayinka Abdulahi. "Femininity and Sexual Violence in the Nigerian Films, Child, not Bride, October 1 and Sex for Grades." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1621857462497919.
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Ogunbodede, Eyitope O. "Implementation of oral health policies in African countries: South Africa and Nigeria as case studies." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3717.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis study has shown conclusively that the oral health policy processes has not achieved the desired goals in both South Africa and Nigeria, and that greater advocacy for oral health is required in both countries.
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Mohammed, Ismaila. "The Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decrees (1972 and 1977) and indigenisation in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1985. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34591/.
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The thesis is a comprehensive examination of the Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decrees of 1972 and 1977, and more broadly of the process of indigenisation in Nigeria. A brief introduction to the historical background of indigenisation before 1970 is followed by an account of the timing of the Decrees in the context of the oil boom in the country's economy. An examination of the problems encountered in implementing the Decrees and their effects, and an analysis of the distribution of benefits, is informed by empirical research including interviews, carried out by the author in Nigeria between 1982 and 1985. The record shows that indigenisation has led to the consolidation of an economy which accommodates the interests of ex-State personnel, the State as an institution, private indigenous businessmen and foreign capital, in an order which is far from certain to bring about the national economic independence which, in official terms, is the chief objective. Nigeria's commitment to capitalism and the promotion of Indigenous private enterprise, on the basis of resources generated initially by the agricultural economy, between the 1940s and 1960s, and then much more spectacularly and more significantly by oil revenues in the 1970s, provides an instructive example of the limits to what a post-colonial society in black Africa can achieve by trying to indigenise the ownership structure of its economy.
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Oluitan, Roseline. "Financial development and economic growth in Africa : an examination of causation and efficiency." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8126.
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This thesis assesses the significance of real bank credit in stimulating real output paying particular attention to the factors that prompt financial intermediation within the economy. The thesis contributes to the existing literature on finance and growth by providing fresh empirical evidence in the case of the Nigerian economy and Africa as a whole. In the context of Nigeria, credit Granger causes output, but the reverse is not true. In testing the factors that mobilise credit, I find that exports are negatively related to credit. Moreover, since credit usually fund non-oil exports, I also find that oil exports is negatively related to credit, whereas non-oil exports is positively related to credit. The latter also explains why capital inflows and imports are positively related to credit in my study. Extending the analysis to Africa as a whole, I find that causality is bi-directional. In examining the factors which mobilise credit (based on three measures of output); I find that output consistently exerts a positive influence on credit, whereas inflation and exports exert the opposite effect. However, the impact of government expenditure on credit is ambiguous. These results are re-confirmed when I use an alternative estimator for robustness. In line with the variables used in the Nigerian case, both capital inflow and imports positively influence credit while the impact of exports is negative for the whole of Africa. When examining the drivers of output in the African context, I find that credit and exports positively influence output whereas inflation exerts the opposite effect. The role of government expenditure is equally ambiguous. A further robustness test again confirms these results. The relationship between exports and credit in the literature is positive hence, it is important to investigate why the opposite holds in the Nigerian and African context. As such, I examine the efficiency of the banking system using three different measures, which includes loans, other earnings and other operating income since this may explain the counter intuitive result: export sales in Africa are largely intermediated by multi-national firms who prefer to obtain financing from credit markets that are more efficient than the African banking system. Across Africa, efficiency of the banking system is 74%, 76% and 92% when loans, other earnings and other operating income are respectively used as the output variables. This implies that 26% of credit is allocated in an unproductive way while 24% and 8% of expenditure could be better managed. When dividing the sample into medium and low-income countries, I find the respective levels of efficiency for each of the measures to be 94% and 11%; 83% and 0%; 90% and 0% for loans, other earnings and other operating income as the output variables respectively. This result supports bank loans as the best output variable, which I use further in the estimation. Further clues as to why there should be such differences in efficiency are obtained when the sample is split by regions, since there are regional variations in the use of credit. The Central African region is the least efficient. In these economies, resources are typically held and allocated by a few individuals.
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Harvan, Mary Margaret. "Writing resistance : representations of Ken Saro-Wiwa and narratives of the Ogoni Movement in Nigeria /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Isima, J. "Demilitarisation Nigeria and South Africa compared." Thesis, Department of Defence Management and Security Analysis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3887.
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In sub-Saharan African countries that have made democratic transition from military
rule and military-backed authoritarian regimes, state elites have embarked upon
strategies aimed at demilitarising the new democratic political process. Demilitarisation
of the state and politics has become an imperative because it is decisive for
consolidating democratic politics and for ensuring improvements in public safety and
security. Yet the process of such demilitarisation in these countries has often generated
a paradox, whereby the reduction of the political influence of state institutions of
violence has been associatedw ith rising civil militarism and the prevalenceo f organised
violence in the wider society.
In these circumstances, taking cognisance of the dangers of civil militarism and other
forms of private violence is a priority for designing and implementing demilitarisation
strategies and other security reforms in post-authoritarian African states. Reformminded
political elites and external supporters need to be sensitive to these dangers or
risk perpetuating the shell of electoral democracy that cannot deliver the goal of human
security in the region. This dissertation explored how the current approach to
demilitarisation is related to the problem of civil militarism by examining the case
studies of Nigeria and South Africa. It explains that given the condition of the state in
Africa, demilitarisation of politics after transition from military or military-backed
authoritarianism contributes to the emergence of civil militarism. Based on this finding,
it argues for a comprehensive approach to demilitarisation as a strategy that caters to
both state and societal violence in order to mitigate the risks of civil militarism in the
process.
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Higgins, Thomas Winfield. "Prophet, priest and king in colonial Africa : Anglican and colonial political responses to African independent churches in Nigeria and Kenya, 1918-1960." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5472.
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Many African Independent Churches emerged during the colonial era in central Kenya and western Nigeria. At times they were opposed by government officials and missionaries. Most scholars have limited the field of enquiry to the flash-points of this encounter, thereby emphasizing the relationship at its most severe. This study questions current assumptions about the encounter which have derived from these studies, arguing that both government and missionary officials in Kenya and Nigeria exhibited a broader range of perspectives and responses to African Independent Churches. To characterize them as mainly hostile to African Independent Churches is inaccurate. This study also explores the various encounters between African Independent Churches and African politicians, clergymen, and local citizens. While some scholars have discussed the positive role of Africans in encouraging the growth of independent Christianity, this study will discuss the history in greater depth and complexity. The investigation will show the importance of understanding the encounter on both a local and national level, and the relationships between the two. It is taken for granted that European officials had authority over African leaders, but in regard to this topic many Africans possessed a largely unrecognized ability to influence and shape European perceptions of new religious movements. Finally, this thesis will discuss how African Independent Churches sometimes provoked negative responses from others through confrontational missionary methods, caustic rhetoric, intimidation and even violence. These three themes resurface throughout the history of the encounter and illustrate how current assumptions can be reinterpreted. This thesis suggests the necessity of expanding the primary scholarly focuses, as well as altering the language and basic assumptions of the previous histories of the encounter.
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Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo. "Epidemiology of African swine fever in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30789.
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African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious transboundary viral infection of domestic
pigs that has serious socio-economic implications on people’s livelihood, international trade
and food security. It is still a major limitation to profitable pig production and presently, it is
threatening the pig industry internationally with current outbreaks in the Russian federation
and the Caucasus. Since 1996, the disease has made major incursions into the West African
sub-region.
In this study, a combination of classical epidemiologic (statistical), economic, laboratory
(serological, virological and molecular) and evidence-based tools were used to determine the
prevalence of ASF in Nigeria, map the temporal situation of the virus, estimate the economic
implications of infection with justification of alternative control (biosecurity), compare and
contrast the virulence genes (Thymidine kinase, TK) and finally evaluate the effectiveness of
ethnoveterinary preparations used in the management of ASF.
Nine percent (9%) of serum samples and 48% of tissue samples tested were positive for ASF
virus antibody and genome, respectively. Areas with high pig-related activities (marketing,
consumption and farming) have higher prevalences compared with areas with less pig
activities. Farm-gate buyers, marketing systems and transport of untested pigs within the
country appeared to assist with the circulation of the virus. Using the financial model of
partial budgeting and benefit-cost analysis, ASF outbreak in a 122-sow unit may lead to a
loss of up to ZAR7,475,867.27 (US$910,836.70) in a single year while the implementation of
biosecurity and its effective monitoring can prevent these losses with certain other social
benefits and give a benefit-cost ratio of approximately 29 in return, but the cost of its
implementation may result in a 9.70% less annual profit.
Since the identification of factors that supports infection on pig farms in the sub-region
remains the key component in the development of a risk-based approach to control the disease, most plausible risk factors and biosecurity measures previously identified were
analysed in this study with a univariable/multivariable conditional logistic regression analytic
models. Presence of an abattoir in a pig farming community (OR = 8.20; P < 0.001) and the
presence of an infected pig farm in the neighbourhood (OR = 3.26; P = 0.02) were significant
risk factors. There was a marginally significant negative association (protective) between risk
of ASF infection and sharing farm tools and equipment (OR = 0.35; P = 0.05). For the
biosecurity measures evaluated, food and water control (OR = 0.14; P < 0.001),
separation/isolation of sick pigs (OR = 0.14; P = 0.004) and washing and disinfection of farm
equipment and tools (OR = 0.27; P = 0.02) were negatively associated (protective) with ASF
infection. Consultation and visits by veterinarian/paraveterinarians when animals were sick
(OR = 8.11; P = 0.002), and pest and rodent control were positively associated with ASF
infection of Nigerian farms (OR = 4.94; P = 0.002). The leaf, root and stem portions of
Ancistrocladus korupensis possessed some chemical compounds with antiviral potentials and
extracts and fractions from the plant showed very good antiviral (virucidal) activities in-vitro
against ASF virus (NIG/99). It also has certain cytotoxic principles and narrow therapeutic
index. Further studies on the maximization of the ethnoveterinary potentials of the plant invivo
and in-vitro while reducing its cytotoxic potentials will be needed.
Using molecular characterization, similar unresolved topologies were observed within the
European, South America, Caribbean and West African (ESAC-WA) genotype and the mean
character distances on the coded data set revealed least possible loss of information that
would have otherwise been ignored in pairwise- or complete- deletion distance analysis. The
size of the coding ORF for the TK protein varies between isolates but the majority of isolates
code for a protein of 196 amino acids. These isolates comprise of viruses from Europe, West,
Central and Southern Africa. A smaller TK gene product of 185 and 194 amino acids, caused
due to a frameshift mutation at nucleotide position 561 in many of the East African isolates resulting in stop codons immediately thereafter or further downstream (nucleotide position
571 in Malawi 3). Despite the smaller TK protein product size, certain nonsense insertions of
differing length were responsible for some considerably larger TK-PCR products.
This TK protein heterogeneity is unexpected in an enzyme with such an important function
and these size differences may have an effect on virulence. It is concluded that strains from
southern Africa may have a shared evolutionary history with strains of the ESAC-WA
genotype but may differ from the evolutionary lineage from East Africa. It is also suggested
that a link exist between the sylvatic cycle, domestic tick cycle and the truncated TK
products.
Finally, putting in place a comprehensive routine surveillance and testing system to rapidly
eliminate all pigs in infected farms, reorganization of the market and transportation systems
for pigs, implementation of carefully planned on-farm biosecurity protocols, and giving
consideration to the option of compensation to encourage reporting of outbreaks will possibly
achieve a significant reduction in high ASF prevalence in Nigeria.
It will be desirable to eliminate certain risky farm-related practices and behaviours (e.g the
removal of all pig abattoir from within the pig communities, isolation of infected
neighbourhood farm) while entrenching farm-level biosecurity as these appear to be the key
to controlling ASF within the subregion. In conclusion, the outcomes of this research can be
used to plan long-term strategies for countries like Nigeria, and assist the ASF unaffected
countries that are at risk of infection to organize and secure their animal (pig) resources, so
that Africa can be free from the significant effects of ASF and explore options of
international markets.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Zoology and Entomology
Unrestricted
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Kruger, L. S. "Attracting foreign direct investment in Africa : South Africa and Nigeria : a comparative study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50284.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Foreign direct investment is generally welcomed and sought after by developing countries such as South Africa and seen as an important vehicle to raise capital and promote growth. This h as also been recognised by the South A frican government that indicated that foreign direct investment (FDI) has been identified as a requirement in their fight against poverty and to fuel development. South Africa, unfortunately has not been able to attract significant and sustainable amounts of FDI and has been identified by Unctad World Investment Report (2004: 14) as a country that is performing under its potential in attracting FDI. Other countries in Africa like Nigeria seem to be able to consistently attract more FDI while they are less competitive and politically less stable than South Africa. This study seeks to explore the reasons for this disparity in FDI flows with special reference toN igeria a nd South Africa, to assess t he difference inc ompetitiveness between the two countries, to asses the impact of this on FDI flows and to analyse and compare the reasons for FDI in South Africa and Nigeria utilising certain Unctad and WAIPA criteria. The conclusion is that multinational companies are profit seeking and that they will take on considerable risk (such as political instability for example) if the returns are high enough. Nigeria is attracting mostly resource-seeking FDI to its rich oil sector through multinational oil companies that have the technology and capability to extract the oil economically. This is happening regardless of the fact that the country's infrastructure and institutions are weak, widespread violence and political instability is at the order of the day, Nigeria has a small economy (and hence a small market) and is plagued by high levels of corruption. South Africa in contrast, while also having natural resources has attracted mainly market-seeking FDI. The South African markets however are not particularly big when compared to other first world countries and these FDI flows are not sustainable. South Africa would need to concentrate on becoming more efficient if it wants to attract more FDI but will be competing with other countries like Malaysia, India and Eastern Europe in the process that proves to be a challenge currently.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ontwikkelende lande soos Suid-Afrika verwelkom en soek oor die algemeen direkte buitelandse belegging en dit word beskou as 'n belangrike manier om kapitaal te bekom en groei te bevorder. Hierdie beskouing word ook gehandhaaf deur die Suid- Afrikaanse regering wat aangedui het dat direkte buitelandse belegging identifiseer is as 'n vereiste vir die stryd teen armoede en om ontwikkeling te bevorder. Ongelukkig het Suid-Afrika nog nie daarin geslaag om beduidende en standhoudende hoeveelhede direkte buitelandse belegging te lok nie en is deur die Unctad World Investment Report (2004:14) identifiseer as 'n land wat onderpresteer met betrekking tot sy vermoë om direkte buitelandse belegging te lok. Ander lande in Afrika, soos Nigerië, blyk in staat te wees om deurlopend meer direkte buitelandse belegging te lok, terwyl hulle minder kompeterend en polities minder stabiel is as Suid-Afrika. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die redes vir hierdie ongelykheid in die vloei van direkte buitelandse belegging te ondersoek met spesifieke verwysing na Nigerië en Suid-Afrika, om die verskille in kompeterendheid tussen die twee lande te oorweeg, om die impak hiervan op die vloei van direkte buitelandse belegging te ondersoek en om die redes vir direkte buitelandse belegging in Suid-Afrika en Nigerië te analiseer en te vergelyk met behulp van sekere van die Unctad en WAIPA kriteria. Die slotsom is dat multinasionale maatskappye winste najaag en dat hulle aansienlike risiko's sal neem (bv. politiese onstabiliteit), as die opbrengste hoog genoeg is. Nigerië lok meestal hulpbron-gedrewe direkte buitelandse belegging na sy ryk oliesektor deur internasionale oliemaatskappye wat beskik oor die tegnologie en kapasiteit om die olie ekonomies te ontgin. Dit gebeur ongeag die feit dat die land se infrastruktuur en organisasies swak is, wydverspreide geweld voorkom, politieke onstabiliteit aan die orde van die dag is, Nigerië 'n klein ekonomie (en dus 'n klein mark) het en geteister word deur hoë vlakke van korrupsie. In teenstelling hiermee het Suid-Afrika, wat ook oor natuurlike hulpbronne beskik, hoofsaaklik mark-gedrewe direkte buitelandse belegging gelok. Die Suid-Afrikaanse markte is egter nie eintlik groot nie as dit vergelyk word met ander eerstewêreldlande nie en hierdie vloei van direkte buitelandse belegging is nie volhoubaar nie. Suid-Afrika sal daarop moet konsentreer om meer effektief te word as hy meer direkte buitelandse belegging wil lok, maar sal moet meeding met ander lande soos Maleisië, Indië en Oos-Europa in 'n proses wat tans 'n uitdaging blyk te wees.
23
Carbonieri, Divanize. "Hibridismo e simultaneidade no romance \'The famished road\', de Ben Okri." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-08112007-144812/.
Full textAbstract:
No romance The Famished Road (1991), o autor nigeriano Ben Okri dá uma nova dimensão à figura da criança-espírito ou abiku, que é um motivo recorrente entre os iorubás e em diversas outras culturas da África ocidental. Como um fenômeno da crença dessas culturas, o abiku é um tema característico da narrativa oral africana, tendo sido usado também em várias obras da literatura africana de língua inglesa. Okri realiza, contudo, uma inovação ao transformar o abiku no narrador de seu romance. Uma vez que essa criatura é um in between, vivendo permanentemente na intersecção entre o mundo dos vivos e o dos mortos, a estrutura da obra literária é alterada pela realidade vista pelos seus olhos. A sua visão é composta pelas imagens da simultaneidade entre esses mundos. Na construção de seu romance, Okri tenta traduzir essa visão para um público leitor ocidental, utilizando ao mesmo tempo paradigmas da oralidade africana e da literatura ocidental. O romance se coloca, assim, num espaço de transição entre a cultura africana e a ocidental. São utilizados métodos e estratégias narrativas de ambas as tradições e o próprio fenômeno do abiku é investido por outras concepções mais ocidentais a respeito da ressurreição da alma. O objetivo desta dissertação é mostrar, de acordo com uma perspectiva crítica pós-colonial, como esse romance se constrói como uma obra híbrida entre os modos de se perceber e de se retratar a realidade característicos de cada uma dessas culturas.In the novel The Famished Road (1991) Nigerian author Ben Okri gives a new dimension to the spirit child or abiku\'s image, which is a recurrent motif among the Yoruba and many other cultures from West Africa. The abiku is a characteristic subject of the African oral narrative and is also present in some African literature in English as the abiku is part of the belief of those cultures. However, Okri undertakes an innovation, turning the abiku into the narrator of his novel. Since this creature is an in between, living permanently in the intersection between the world of the living and the world of the dead, the structure of the literary work is altered by the reality as it is seen through his eyes. His vision is made up by the simultaneous images of those two worlds. In the construction of his novel, Okri tries to translate this vision to a Western reading audience, using paradigms from both the African orality and Western literature. Thus, the novel is placed in a transitional space between African and Western cultures. Narrative methods and strategies from both traditions are used and the abiku phenomenon itself is invested by other more Western conceptions about the soul\'s resurrection. This dissertation aims to reveal from a postcolonial theoretical perspective how this novel is constructed as a hybrid work between the modes of perceiving and depicting reality characteristic of each one of these cultures.
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Ogunleye, Michael. "Social Entrepreneurship: Exploring the Bricolage Model in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6640.
Full textAbstract:
Nigerian entrepreneurs face government barriers and lack the skills and awareness needed for successfully creating and scaling public value in resource-constrained environments. The concept of bricolage, which involves doing business by making do with resources at hand, has been addressed in the literature, but not as it occurs among Nigerian entrepreneurs. This study was conducted with the aim of narrowing this gap in knowledge by exploring how Nigerian entrepreneurs have successfully carried out their businesses. The research question addressed how Nigerian entrepreneurs overcame critical situations to successfully address the challenges of scaling and creating public value, and whether the theory of entrepreneurial bricolage can support their actions. A qualitative descriptive single case study with a purposeful sample of 22 interview respondents was employed. A total of 145 critical incidents were analyzed by fitting them into themes constructed a priori from the known behavioral patterns that emerged through the theoretical taxonomy of the concept of entrepreneurial bricolage. The results showed that Nigerian entrepreneurs made do with the resources at hand, improvised, and invoked stakeholder participation and persuasion to solve critical challenges of business continuity. The outcome of the research should help potential entrepreneurs determine strategies to scale their ideas or innovations to achieve positive social change. The results may be useful to any fledgling entrepreneur who needs encouragement when feeling overwhelmed by the challenges of doing business in Nigeria. Budding entrepreneurs can learn from the experiences of those who are deemed successful in their businesses, thereby avoiding challenges when they can and strategizing for those challenges that are unavoidable.
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Oluwasina, Ayeni Victor. "Domestic impact of the African Charter Human and Peoples' Rights and the protocol on the rights of woman in Africa : a case study of Nigeria." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/18606.
Full textAbstract:
The achievements made at the continental level since 21 October 1986 when the African Charter on Human and Peoples‟ Rights (African Charter) came into force have been modest yet significant. Following its adoption, the African Charter was hailed as a very ambitious document. This is because of its uniquely African features: emphasis on morality, anti-colonial stance, absence of derogations justiciability of economic, social and cultural rights, recognition of peoples‟ rights as well as the imposition of duties on states and individuals. As a result of these distinctive characteristics, many scholars have criticised the normative framework of the Charter. Sindjoun is of the view that the Charter is „window-dressing for the purpose of acceding to international civilization.‟ Ouguergouz described the rights guaranteed in the Charter as „imprecise‟ and that „the pertinent clauses of the African Charter offer only weak legal protection to the individual.‟ Early writings on the Charter also raised doubts about the likelihood of its implementation. Good or bad as the normative standards of the Charter may be, Heyns and Viljoen are of the view that „the conceptual battle is over.‟ The relevant battle now is for implementation. Thus recent discourses on the Charter have shifted from celebrating or further criticising the Charter‟s distinctive normative framework to evaluating its implementation mechanism. A system of human rights is only as good as its enforcement mechanism.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
nf2012
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
26
Oke, Katharina Adewoyin. "The politics of the public sphere : English-language and Yoruba-language print culture in colonial Lagos, 1880s-1940s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ece31052-81b7-45e7-be91-0cad322334a5.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis studies print culture in colonial Lagos against the background of the public sphere, and brings together a variety of English-language and Yoruba-language newspapers. Such an approach allows for highlighting the practicalities of newspaper production and foregrounding the work accomplished by newspapermen in a changing 'information environment' and political context. It offers insights into Lagos politics, contributes to the history of the educated elite, and to more global histories of communication. Using newspapers as well as archival records, and focussing on events that strikingly reveal dynamics in the public sphere, this thesis narrates a nuanced history of a discursive field which was, amongst other things, central for Lagos politics. This thesis complicates a Habermasian notion of the public sphere as an open discursive space, and not only highlights that the public sphere was an arena of contested meanings, but also illustrates axes along which the composition of this social structure was negotiated. When newspapers emerged in the late nineteenth-century, discussions in the press were largely restricted to the elite. The economy of recognition that was at play in the public sphere was to change in the 1920s. This thesis highlights how newspapermen and contributors sought to carve out niches for themselves in the public sphere in new ways and how their becoming a speaker in this discursive field was challenged and contested. It highlights the nuanced ways in which newspapermen and contributors convened publics through their papers: how they did so around particular issues, in distinction from each other, and how they adapted the convening of publics to new political dynamics in the 1940s. This thesis gives insight into the complex relationship between English-language and Yoruba-language newspapers, and moreover illustrates how the practicalities of the newspaper business were coming to bear on dynamics in the public sphere.
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Werthmann, Katja. "Nachbarinnen." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-210668.
Full textAbstract:
Muslimische Frauen in Nigeria sind »eingeschlossen«, aber nicht eingesperrt. Was bedeutet das aus ihrer Sicht? Die Ethnologin Katja Werthmann untersuchte während eines sechzehnmonatigen Feldforschungsaufenthaltes in Kano, der größten Stadt Nordnigerias, zentrale Aspekte des Alltagslebens dieser Frauen. Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich vorwiegend mit Frauen an der Schnittstelle zwischen Tradition und Moderne, Arm und Reich, Abhängigkeit und Autonomie. Individuelle und kollektive Strategien im Umgang mit kulturellen Normen und gesellschaftlichen Realitäten stehen im Vordergrund dieser Studie. Katja Werthmann betrachtet Frauen im islamischen Afrika nicht aus eurozentrischer Perspektive als homogene Gruppe, sondern als konkrete, handelnde Personen in einem komplexen sozialen Umfeld.
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Werthmann, Katja. "Nachbarinnen: die Alltagswelt muslimischer Frauen in einer nigerianischen Großstadt." Brandes & Apsel, 1997. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13920.
Full textAbstract:
Muslimische Frauen in Nigeria sind »eingeschlossen«, aber nicht eingesperrt. Was bedeutet das aus ihrer Sicht? Die Ethnologin Katja Werthmann untersuchte während eines sechzehnmonatigen Feldforschungsaufenthaltes in Kano, der größten Stadt Nordnigerias, zentrale Aspekte des Alltagslebens dieser Frauen. Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich vorwiegend mit Frauen an der Schnittstelle zwischen Tradition und Moderne, Arm und Reich, Abhängigkeit und Autonomie. Individuelle und kollektive Strategien im Umgang mit kulturellen Normen und gesellschaftlichen Realitäten stehen im Vordergrund dieser Studie. Katja Werthmann betrachtet Frauen im islamischen Afrika nicht aus eurozentrischer Perspektive als homogene Gruppe, sondern als konkrete, handelnde Personen in einem komplexen sozialen Umfeld.
29
Ekwe-Ekwe, Herbert. "Conflict and intervention in Africa : Nigeria, Angola, Zaïre /." [Basingstoke] : Macmillan, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355279324.
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Makun, Adetoun Jones. "International passports : portrait of the Nigerian diaspora." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002226.
Full textAbstract:
International Passports: Portraits of the Nigerian Diaspora considers notions of 'alienation‘ and 'nation-hood‘ through the lens of portraiture. This dissertation addresses issues of identity and representation in a contemporary cultural context as they pertain to the concerns presented through my current visual practice. The paintings that I have produced from 'real‘ life are primarily depictions of Nigerian individuals, friends and acquaintances (professionals and students) residing in Grahamstown, South Africa as temporary or permanent migrants. I reference the mug shot pose of identity documents and passport photographs and render them in such a way that ideas of their persona are subject to the viewer‘s gaze and deliberations, thus provoking the spectator to consider questions of 'otherness‘ and 'stereotypes‘. This provocation is subtle and complex, and in many ways I am offering the viewer a 're-looking‘, an opportunity to examine one‘s moral position and subsequent implication within the act of stereotyping an 'other‘ individual. The initial idea within this body of work was to paint images of Nigerian nationals exclusively, yet the restrictive nature of such categorization pushed me to complicate certain nationalist ideologies through the inclusion of non-Nigerian individuals. I look specifically at notions of the 'other‘ and 'strangeness‘ in a contemporary South African context and how this connects to the concept of portraiture and not simply portraiture theory but also the social theory in relation to how people are 'imaged‘. Throughout this thesis I consider several theoretical concerns in portraiture practice and discourse whilst simultaneously unpacking the psychological and social contexts that influence my practice.
31
Obibuaku, Ugochukwu Lawrence. "The promotion and protection of Socio-Economic Rights under the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights : Prospects and Challenges in South Africa and Nigeria." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536728.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis argues that the nature of socio-economic rights makes their violation central to key poverty and developmental issues in Africa. The thesis further argues that an effective socio-economic rights' legal and institutional framework will aid the realisation of socioeconomic rights as well as poverty reduction and development. In this context, the thesis examines the arrangements made for the promotion and protection of socio-economic rights under the African Charter. It also critically examines challenges to the realisation of socioeconomic rights under the Charter. Using South Africa and Nigeria as case studies in the implementation of socio-economic rights in Africa, the thesis examines how both countries have incorporated the African Charter and the influence if any; the Charter may have on the interpretation of socioeconomic rights in both jurisdictions. The thesis also examines constitutional protection of socio-economic rights as well as other domestic arrangements for the realisation of socioeconomic rights in both countries. As an original contribution to the study of socio-economic rights, the thesis compares how domestic courts in South Africa, a country with constitutionally recognised justiciable socioeconomic rights and Nigeria, a country with constitutionally recognised non-justiciable directive principles of state policies, have interpreted and applied socio-economic rights provisions. Justiciable and non-justiciable socio-economic rights provisions both guide and shape legislative action, policy formulation and executive/administrative decision making. Against a backdrop of the above, the increasing role of civil society organisations in the realisation of socio-economic rights is also examined. The thesis hypothesised that the Constitutional Court of South Africa will not provide a fundamental right to individuals to claim positive judicially enforceable action and services from the state. As an original contribution to the study of socio-economic rights, this hypothesis is tested by conducting qualitative analyses of socio-economic rights cases where litigants invoked the socio-economic rights provisions of the South African Constitution.
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Ogundokun, Opeoluwa Adetoro. "A human rights approach to combating corruption in Africa : appraising the AU Convention using Nigeria and South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1157.
Full textAbstract:
"In Africa, the struggle for human rights shares a great deal of common ground with the struggle against corruption. In fighting to improve the lot of a majority of the world's population, one must recognise that the fight for social and economic rights is often intimately linked to the fight against the monopolisation of resources by 'networks of patronage'. Corruption perpetuates discrimination, prevents the full realisation of economic, social and cultural rights, and leads to the infringement of several civil and political rights. In a move that acknowledged the fact that corruption is a pervasive problem in Africa, the African Union (AU) adopted the African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (AU Convention or Convention) in July 2003. This Convention is yet to enter into force. Likewise, in Nigeria and South Africa, the governments are on renewed campaigns against corruption using anti-corruption legislative and institutional frameworks. These anti-corruption legislation mainly address corruption by criminaliszing it. This is mainly because the phenomenon of corruption is being approached from an economic or pollitical viewpoint. No doubt criminal anti-corruption legislation and institutions are necessary, but this dissertation seeks to evaluate them in terms of their relative or possible successes and challlenges, especially in cases of widespread societal corruption. The premise of this disseration is that from a preliminary assessment, it would seem that the law is losing ground in the battle against corruption. It thus posits that the effectiveness of the law in the fight against corruption will continue to diminish if it fails to addres the social and economic factors that cause the initial problematic behaviour. Presently, the law concentrates on merely proscribing and punishing corruption. It is not being used to address the social and economic conditions that perpetuate corruption, hence, its ineffectiveness especially in cases where the incidence of corruption is so high as to be classified as systemic. In these situations, mere legislative and institutional responses may not suffice as anti-corruption measures. The underlying catalysts for such a hihg degree of corruption - the social and economic injustices resulting in a cyclical reproduction of corruption - are usually not addressed by these responses. In addition, these responses tend to underrate the need to empower those who are at the receiving end of corruption. They thereby concentrate solely on the empowerment of institutional machineries in the fight against corruption. This is the premise upon which this dissertation is built: the need to transcend the tratidional responses to corruption in a manner which hopes that by empowering people using a human rights approach, the underlying causes of systemic corruption may be reduced. Then, perhaps, the society would have discovered a veritable anti-corruption tool. ... This dissertation consists of five chapters. Chapter one provides the general introduction into the study. Chapter two then analyses the phenomenon of corruption and its impact on human rights in Africa. This analysis focuses on case studies and situations in Africa. Chapter three follows with an appraisal of the AU Convention and anti-corruption initiatives in Nigeria and South Africa. This appraisal begins with highlights of the normative framework of the Convention and goes on to assess the impact of such frameworks in the two countries under focus where they are already largely being implemented. Chapter four thereafter introduces a two-pronged human rights approach to combating corruption. This approach consists of a reinforcement of the guarantee of human rights, as well as the proposal for a freedom from corruption as human right. Chapter five consists of conclusion and recommendations." -- Introduction.Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Angelo Matusse at the Faculdade de Direito, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mocambique
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
33
Ogunnowo, Susan Modupe. "Parent-Adolescent Sexual Health Communication in Immigrant Nigerian American Families." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2748.
Full textAbstract:
Poor sexual health communication among first generation Nigerian American parents and their adolescent children due to disparities in cultural integration constitutes a barrier to effective parent-child relationships. The purpose of this phenomenological study, which was guided by the acculturative family distancing (AFD) model, was to explore the lived experience of Nigerian immigrant families in the United States regarding communication effectiveness about sex and integration into the American way of life. The research questions addressed cultural bias, parent-adolescent communication effectiveness, strategies employed, resources available to new immigrants, and barriers to their usage. Data collection was by individual interviews of 5 Nigerian-born parents and their adolescent children ages 13 to 17 years who have been in the United States for 10 years or more. Inductive analysis of qualitative data revealed challenges of parenting roles due to differences in cultural beliefs and parents' perceptions of their children's confrontational attitudes; parents' lack of knowledge about safe sex education methods and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases; Nigerian parents' authoritarian views; and parents' belief in the need to listen to the views of their children and relate more closely to them. Parents reported wanting to curtail children's rights, while children reported that their parents did not respect their opinion or privacy, which is a barrier to the cordial relationship they wanted. Most parents recommended orientation classes for parents to help resolve these issues and ease integration challenges. These results may inform policy on integration for new immigrants and promote strategies for improving effective parent-adolescent communication.
34
Okwuchi, Dorothy N. "Nigerian political thought on military cooperation in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Kent, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335128.
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Isima, Jeffrey. "Demilitarisation, informal security forces and public (in)security in Africa : Nigeria and South Africa compared." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3887.
Full textAbstract:
In sub-Saharan African countries that have made democratic transition from military rule and military-backed authoritarian regimes, state elites have embarked upon strategies aimed at demilitarising the new democratic political process. Demilitarisation of the state and politics has become an imperative because it is decisive for consolidating democratic politics and for ensuring improvements in public safety and security. Yet the process of such demilitarisation in these countries has often generated a paradox, whereby the reduction of the political influence of state institutions of violence has been associatedw ith rising civil militarism and the prevalenceo f organised violence in the wider society. In these circumstances, taking cognisance of the dangers of civil militarism and other forms of private violence is a priority for designing and implementing demilitarisation strategies and other security reforms in post-authoritarian African states. Reformminded political elites and external supporters need to be sensitive to these dangers or risk perpetuating the shell of electoral democracy that cannot deliver the goal of human security in the region. This dissertation explored how the current approach to demilitarisation is related to the problem of civil militarism by examining the case studies of Nigeria and South Africa. It explains that given the condition of the state in Africa, demilitarisation of politics after transition from military or military-backed authoritarianism contributes to the emergence of civil militarism. Based on this finding, it argues for a comprehensive approach to demilitarisation as a strategy that caters to both state and societal violence in order to mitigate the risks of civil militarism in the process.
36
Sotunmbi, Abiodun Olufemi. "Nigeria's policy towards southern Africa 1966-1979." Thesis, Keele University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292740.
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Widauer, Philipp. "The Business-Related and Logistical Challenges of Entering the African Solar Market." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198222.
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The thesis evaluates the principal business-related and logistical opportunities and risks on the African solar market which is often associated to offer the last unexploited economic opportunities on this planet. For this purpose, the author examines three major African trade unions and reviews the strengths and weaknesses of each regional coalition. It becomes obvious that each respective trade bloc contains one dominant player, in this case Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa. The practical section starts with an analysis of the appropriate entry market for the Czech solar wholesaler Solarity. Subsequently, the author identifies South Africa as the best fitting market primarily because of good infrastructure, high purchasing power and a similar business culture. The author recommends that Solarity should apply an exporting entry mode due to its size and inexperience on the African market. Secondary research, first-hand experience and close cooperation with Solarity support the author in his final conclusions.
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Gillies, A. C. "Oil sector reform in Africa : the case of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599424.
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African governments commonly manage their oil wealth in ways that generate negative political and economic outcomes, and the existing literature contains convincing explanations for this trend. Yet this scholarship does not explain the instances of oil sector reform in the continent’s eight leading producers – Angola, Cameroon, Chad, the Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria and Sudan. These limited but significant efforts appear contradictory to the incentive environment assumed to prevail in these states. Furthermore, the type of reform and the level of its success vary from country to country despite some presupposed similarities. This dissertation seeks to explain both the unexpected presence and uneven-ness of oil sector reform in Africa’s oil producing states. The dissertation looks at a single country, Nigeria, and traces reform efforts in four different areas of oil sector policy in order to identify possible explanations for reform. This research led to the identification of four observations about the initiation and implementation of oil sector reform in Africa; these constitute the dissertation’s principal findings. Comparative analysis then indicates that these findings can be generalised across oil rich Africa, and that they also explain the variation exhibited in the region’s oil sector reform records. The findings argue that oil creates a structural environment in which leaders possess a “privileged agency”. This affords them an exclusive capacity to select and advance reform. Leaders choose to initiate reform for different motives, each of which contains distinct international content. “Stunted reform”, or the uneven or incomplete implementation of reform, often ensures due largely to the leader’s tendency to abandon or subvert reform so as to protect their discretionary control over channels of distribution. These tendencies increase during periods of political contestation or when leaders face short horizons. Finally, even stunted oil sector reform appears to improve the country’s governance environment.
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Abdussalam, Auwal Farouk. "Climate influences on infectious diseases in Nigeria, West Africa." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5368/.
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Meningitis and cholera have remained major health burden in Nigeria, especially in the heavily populated northwest region – which is identified as one of the “hotspots” of climate change. The strong sensitivity that both diseases exhibit to climate is raising concern that future anthropogenic climate change may exacerbate the occurrence of the diseases. This thesis aimed at modelling the influences of climate on the incidence of the selected diseases, and assessing their future risk in northwest Nigeria. The aim is achieved by first, investigating and understanding the spatial and time characteristics of both meteorological and diseases conditions in the region. This was followed by developing and validating suites of empirical statistical models capable of explaining and predicting both diseases. Models that are specifically designed for climate change studies were applied to estimate the future impact of climate change, by forcing them with simulations from an ensemble of statistically downscaled Atmosphere-ocean Global Climate Models (AOGCMs), for three different scenarios in the early and late 21st century. Results from developed models indicate the significant roles of both meteorological and socioeconomic factors on incidence of diseases. Evaluation of models developed with 1-month lagged explanatory variables suggest the potential to predict both diseases cases up to a month to aid decision making. Projection results suggest that future temperature increases due to climate change has the potential to significantly increase diseases cases in all scenarios and time slices. It is noteworthy that the projections result represents only the climatological potential for increased cases due to climate change, assuming that the present prevention strategies remain similar in the future.
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Olayode, Kehinde Olusola. "Civil society and democratisation in Africa : the Nigerian experience (1990-2002)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616185.
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Breunig, Peter. "Origin of Complex Societies in Sub-Saharan Africa." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113406.
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This article considers the earliest evidence of complex societies in sub-Saharan Africa. The evidence derives from two archaeological entities located in Nigeria, West Africa: the Gajiganna Culture of the Chad Basin and the Nok Culture of Central Nigeria. Studies of both cultures, carried out by the author’s team during the last years, indicate a significant cultural change during the 1st millennium BC. The change concerns social, economic, and technological aspects, described and discussed for each of the two mentioned cases. It is supposed that the change was a nucleus of social complexity that triggered further developments up to the great West African empires emerging from the end of the 1st millennium AD onwards.El presente artículo trata acerca de las evidencias más tempranas de sociedades complejas en el África subsahariana procedentes de dos entidades arqueológicas ubicadas en Nigeria, en la parte occidental de este continente: la cultura Gajiganna, localizada en la cuenca del Chad, y la cultura Nok, del área central de este país. Los estudios realizados acerca de estas dos sociedades por parte del equipo dirigido por el autor durante los últimos años indican una transformación cultural significativa durante el primer milenio a.C. Este cambio se relaciona con aspectos sociales, económicos y tecnológicos particulares que se describen y discuten para cada uno de los casos mencionados. Se postula que ese proceso constituyó el núcleo de la complejidad social que desencadenó desarrollos posteriores hasta llegar a los grandes imperios del África Occidental que surgieron hacia fines del primer milenio d.C. y en adelante.
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Emenike, Uzoma Elizabeth. "Africa the Centre-piece of Nigeria's Foreign Policy." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485580.
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This thesis examines Nigeria's foreign policy framework as it relates to Africa. Nigeria sees Africa as the main focus ofits foreign policy. It focuses on what constitutes Nigeria's foreign policy objectives and how over the years the said objectives have been played out. Therefore the aim is to understand how Nigeria has been able to translate foreign policy pronouncements into action based policies. The theme of the thesis is that Africa is the centre point of Nigeria's foreign policy which does provide Nigeria a leadership role within. the continent. A role believed to have been bestowed upon Nigeria given her size, population of over 120 million people and endowment in natural resources. There is no doubt that Nigeria enjoys such a position and has played quite some significant positive role in decolonisation, fall of apartheid, racism and economic development in Africa. From the ECOWAS sub region where Nigeria has hegemonic influence to the extra regional UN, Nigeria remains constant in her championing ofAfrican issues Nigeria realjses the dilemma in which African states find themselves, and that their international relations carry the burden of having to deal with the drastic effect of colonial rule. Many weaker African states are relegated to the background in virtually all spheres of life, and hence they often operate from dependent positions with the rest of the world; however an afro-centric posture has continued to dominate Nigeria's international politics. The dynamism in Nigeria's foreign policy is depicted clearly in the fact that since independence in 1960 Africa has continued to remain a constant feature in the practice ofNigeria's foreign policy. It also seems that Africa will in the years to come continue to receive high priority as a national interest in Nigeria's foreign policy objectives.
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Oseni, Babatunde Adetayo. "One-party dominant systems and constitutional democracy in Africa : a comparative study of Nigeria and South Africa." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14212.
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Democratization is a fragile process, easily reversed when and where its advance is most recent. African countries present particular challenges to democratization, given generally low levels of economic and social development, often combined with ethnic and cultural fractionalization. Debates about democratization have not been sufficiently developed with the African context in mind. In particular, assessment of the effects of presidential systems on democratization has not been sensitively applied to African cases where most regimes are Presidential. Moreover, a particular feature of African democracy, the dominant party within a multi-party system, also raises questions that have not been so pertinent elsewhere. Debates about the merits and demerits of electoral system options for democratic consolidation also require more empirical analysis in Africa. This study is based on the assumption that debates about the relationship between political institutions and democratization in Africa can only be advanced by recognition of the interactions that can be identified between the institutions of presidential, parliamentary and party systems, particularly within the dynamics of one-party dominance. Empirical leverage takes advantage of an important case with a parliamentary system and proportional representation: South Africa. The most appropriate comparator from the Presidential and majoritarian camp is Nigeria. These are the two largest and most important states in Africa, sharing a British colonial heritage and a federal system and each dominated by a single party for about two decades. The thesis conceptualizes democratization in terms of legitimation and institutionalization. Legitimation focuses on the micro-level: the quality of elections and the voting process, the presence or absence of government-sponsored violence or coercion, the extent of public confidence in politicians and public support for democratic principles and practices. Institutionalization is focused at the macro-level: elite compliance to constitutional norms, political accountability, and the absence of violent intervention against the state, by the military or other internal forces. The thesis finds that leadership transitions within the parties take place with more accountability in South Africa than Nigeria. While corruption is a problem in both countries, it is more pervasive and there are more incentives to generate it in Nigeria due to a combination of the candidate-centred nature of politics, the country’s great dependence on oil exports, and its lower accountability in leadership transitions. Mechanisms to promote consensus politics differ in both countries and within-party arrangements call into question an assumption that one-party government is necessarily majoritarian. Although the process of legitimation has advanced well in both countries, they share many problems associated with lack of development. The main threat to democracy in Nigeria lies partly in the mutual distrust occasioned by the unsettled issues of ‘power rotation’, ‘resource sharing’ as well as the widening economic disparity between regional blocs of the principally Islamic North and largely Christian South with possible central state responses that might increase rather than reduce the conflicts, while in South Africa the threat lies in the high level of inequality between the white and black communities. Radical political action to address this inequality might increase the already high level of violence in the country. Such tension could ultimately lead to the break-up of the ANC, but an end to dominant-party politics in South Africa could as well destabilise rather than consolidate democracy. Similarly, in Nigeria, a break-up of the PDP, which has been nearly made possible due to a crisis of confidence in an ‘elite consensus’ on power rotation among the regional blocs, could as well constitute a threat to democratic consolidation and national integration.
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Mosupye, S. (Sedumedi). "Expatriate tax in Africa : the taxation of inbound Expatriate working in Botswana, Namibia, Nigeria and South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41218.
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The growth in multinational corporations looking to expand and invest in foreign countries, particularly in the emerging markets such as Africa, has grown tremendously. “Africa is already the world’s second fastest growing economy after expanding 5% a year in the past two years, well above the global average.” (World Economic Forum, 2013). This has resulted in the movement of human capital between different tax jurisdictions and an increase in expatriates all across the world.
The focus of the study is to expand on the current knowledge on the taxation of inbound expatriates working within South Africa, Botswana, Namibia and Nigeria, as the world has turned its focus on Africa in terms of investment and expansion, as supported by Shelley (2004:3), and to provide both employers and employees with knowledge of the different tax regimes (source-based taxation and residence-based taxation) found in some of the emerging and fastest growing markets in Africa: namely Botswana, Namibia, Nigeria and South Africa.
It was found that the African tax landscape provides for a vast range of tax systems, of which, most are either residence–based or source-based. The tax systems of South Africa and Nigeria are similar in that they are residence-based. In each of these two countries, tax residents are taxed on their worldwide income, while non-residents are only taxed on income from specific sources. Therefore, residency is an essential concept in each of these tax systems. The above-mentioned countries, however, apply different methods and factors in determining the concept of residency.
As a result of the difference in determining tax residency and differences in their domestic income tax legislations, the taxability of income earned abroad differs in these countries.
The tax systems of Botswana and Namibia are similar in that they are source-based. In each of these countries, income is taxable when it is from a source or deemed source within these countries. Although in exceptional circumstances, some income which is not from a source within these countries may be taxable, relief is applied in terms of the domestic legislation, in order to lessen the burden of tax. Source is therefore a vital concept in each of these tax systems. The definition and application of the term source is different in both countries. However, similarities are found in that the source is primarily where the services were physically rendered.
Both employers and employees should consider the basis of taxation (source basis and residence basis) that is applied by the prospective host country when making a decision regarding an assignment to a foreign country as this forms a major factor in how their income (both local and foreign) will be treated.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Taxation
unrestricted
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Okpalaoka, Chinwe L. ""You don't look like one, so how are you African?" how West African immigrant girls in the U.S. learn to (re)negotiate ethnic identities in home and school contexts /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1230605597.
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Otunba, Ganiyu. "Enhancing LGBT Rights in Africa: a case study of Nigeria." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-229491.
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In the last decade several western countries have greatly enhanced the rights of sexual minorities in their societies. Same-sex marriage is now legal in most states in the United States, while about twenty three countries in Europe presently allow same-sex marriage or some form of civil partnership. Africa on the other hand is witnessing a rise in the number of countries further criminalizing sexual minorities and homophobia is rising across the continent. Homosexuality is illegal in 76 countries in the world, 38 of which are in Africa and of these 38, homosexuality is punishable by death in 4. Though a growing discourse, existing literature and scholarly papers till date have rarely focused on the impediments to LGBT rights in the African continent. The few existing literature have looked at LGBT rights in Africa from the policy perspective without taking the popularity of anti-gay laws into consideration as seen in a country like Nigeria where 98 percent of the population supports anti-gay measures. An explorative qualitative research study was used to explore the impediments to LGBT rights in Nigeria and how they can be addressed. Secondary data from verifiable sources and primary data from semi-structured, formal, open ended interviews with individuals deeply informed of the discourse in Nigeria was used for the research. Data retrieved was analysed using thematic analysis to identify recurrent themes from the interview transcripts before a comprehensive discussion and triangulation of both primary and secondary data was conducted. The research found that religious beliefs and the existence of LGBT knowledge gaps are the major impediments to LGBT rights in Nigeria. The research findings suggests that closing these LGBT knowledge gaps through enlightenment will over time repress the strong religious and ideological views held against LGBTs. With the decline of these views, the research suggests that LGBT rights will naturally emerge. The study also developed three testable hypotheses for future studies.
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Azubuike, Amaraegbu Declan. "Anti-corruption in Africa : the cases of Nigeria and Ghana." Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2517/.
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This thesis is an analysis of Anti-Corruption projects(^1) in Africa. This may appear simple but the severity of pervasive corruption in the continent, especially when the adoption of various intervention measures which should have reduced the opportunities for its occurrence are taken into account, makes this endeavour challenging. In the present context, the thesis will present a rational background or structure that is capable of contributing to the explanation of the African condition (^2). To achieve this, the thesis aims to make an in-depth study of the institutional frameworks that were put in place to tackle corruption. Nigeria and Ghana are the study areas on account of their similar antecedence and the strategic roles they play in the politics of Africa. Apart from journals and reports etc, no proper analysis of the anticorruption project in Nigeria and Ghana has been documented in book form. This thesis intends to fill this gap in the literature by providing a concise and an impartial text through analysis of both Countries' anticorruption projects between 1999 and 2007. It contributes to the debate by focusing on two major issues: (1) The character of Africa's ruling elites, their attitude towards public-good and their competition for political power, arguing that the burden of reinventing Africa rests more (but not only) on their shoulders and (2) the anti-corruption policies of Nigeria and Ghana's post-colonial administrations in pursuance of a relatively corrupt-free public sector.(^3) Sustained anti-corruption campaigns in both countries, as elsewhere in the developing World, developed in response to the demands of a renewed good governance strategy. Sustained effort in the present context implies when anti- corruption debates became extensive and bodies (with legal backing) were set up to investigate and possibly prosecute offenders. Viewed in this sense, anti-corruption campaigns in both countries, and most of Africa, in the democratic era should be separated from the closed, regimented political system represented by past despotic and military regimes. Nevertheless, most of the analysis in this work is deeply critical of both administrations' anticorruption projects. This may appear unfair, given that both administrations have arguably paid more attention to the problems than previous ones. But, even a rare, high -sounding advertisement of an anticorruption project in a society where corruption remains the best explanation for their underdevelopment cannot obscure the various incidences of rampant high-profile corruption and lead to profound questioning of the seriousness of the counter measures. Nor do the many anticorruption laws and institutions, which are explored in details in this work, make up for evidently improper implementation of these policies, which are driven more by politics than by objectivity. Many have laboured under the illusion that Africa's ruling class were committed to their much avowed anticorruption projects. Yet when we examine the implementation of the various anticorruption projects, we become persuaded to the contrary, not only by the conduct of high public office holders or by careful analysis of intellectual materials, reports and surveys, but by some credible accounts provided first hand from sources right at the centre of governments and the projects in both countries. The administrations of Presidents Obasanjo and Kuffor of Nigeria and Ghana respectively are no more than representative samples of the African condition, because the truth is that most African nations have never had durable anticorruption policies, starting from the high-point of the independence era. This thesis argues that anti-corruption strategies in Africa lack sincerity of intent and strength of purpose. As will be seen in the country case studies, in a polity of contesting interests, government interference with the judicial process regarding the prosecutorial powers of anticorruption commissions is widespread, especially in high-profile cases, and exposes the government as not being sincere in its intentions. Public office holders take advantage of their positions for supposedly bring them to justice are weak, compromised and profligate. Durable initiatives to address the crisis of justice that society desires and deserves have been absent, and the challenges of public accountability, transparency in transacting government business and inappropriate use of public resources refuse to go away. As will be shown later, some anticorruption institutions are marred by a credibility crisis. Supposedly, they should be committed to proper adherence to due process and other forms of disciplinary checks, but their image problems are worsened by the perceived partiality with which they go about their activities. Obviously, those responsible for the implementation of the projects have a large credibility gap to fill in the hearts and minds of ordinary Africans who are disillusioned with inadequate counter measures that have either ended up in smoke or become interred with the bones of their initiators. Thus, mere mouthing of platitudes in the face of genuine challenges have offered hope whilst denying real progress towards the eradication of state- sanctioned corruption, a deep-rooted problem that is threatening to become permanent. Flashes of hope from both administrations have not yet addressed the basic problems of trustworthiness in an environment where high-profile corruption cases are improperly and inadequately pursued; and where public officials' activities make more people lose faith in the campaign. It is important to take concrete steps and design counter measures that are capable of creating the proper values for public office because, "values are central to the fight against corruption."(^4) As Dike reminds us "...a good value system could help in the war against corruption." (^5) The political space that will enable civil society in partnership with government agencies to enforce anticorruption policies is yet to be fully developed. In the meantime, mouthing the rhetoric about fighting corruption provides diagnosis of the disease but no progress towards a cure. This thesis provides analysis and recommendations towards this goal.
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Agbeniga, Olaide. "Higher education student mobility in Africa : a passage to Nigeria." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/58978.
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International student mobility is a growing expression of internationalisation. Research has shown that close to 3.7 million international students travelled across the borders of their own country to study in 2009, representing a 77% increase since 2000 (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD], 2011). Historically, the mobility was one-dimensional from South to North, but of late there is evidence of North-South and South–South mobility. Despite being viewed as victims of a brain drain, there is emerging evidence that there are some African countries that play increasingly vital roles in receiving the world’s top higher education students. It is within the context of this emerging evidence that this study examined the phenomenon of student mobility to Nigeria. This study addressed two main research questions, namely: Why do international students choose to leave their country of origin to study in Nigeria? How did international students in Nigeria choose the institution they are currently attending?
This study adopted a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The highest ranked public university and the highest ranked private university in Nigeria, according to the Webometrics ranking of 2015, were purposively chosen as the sites for the research. A total of thirty-five international students were involved in face-to-face interviews at both universities. Institutional documents as well as national documents - mainly from the National Universities Commission (NUC) – were consulted in collecting data. This study used the push-and-pull theory of migration to fully understand the phenomenon being studied.
The empirical findings reveal that international students are attracted to Nigeria and the two selected universities for reasons ranging from scholarship opportunities and quality of education offered by Nigerian institutions to parental influence in the choice of Nigeria and the institution at which they study. The study also gave an indication of the impact and influence of terrorism that could be seen as push factors in decisions to study in Nigeria. The study further highlighted the challenges students face both at national and institutional levels as well as making known the improvements that they would like to take place. It was also observed that regional hubs are an emerging trend of student mobility in Africa. It is believed that the recommendations made - if adopted - will go a long way towards enhancing internationalisation strategies for Nigeria and much more for the continent of Africa as a whole.
The study makes a contribution to the body of knowledge regarding the phenomenon of academic student mobility.
Keywords: Internationalisation; student mobility; Africa; Nigeria; push-and pull factors; regional hub; brain drain; international students; university and higher education.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
NRF
Education Management and Policy Studies
MEd
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Bankole, Omolola Ola. "Mobile banking : a comparative study of South Africa and Nigeria." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12737.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-103).Mobile banking (m-banking) is an innovative technology application, which has made available different value-added applications in both commercial and business processes. South Africa and Nigeria are reported to have high mobile applications usage in Africa, one of which is m-banking. This study identifies the factors that influence the user acceptance of m-banking in both countries. The aim of this research is to examine the relative differences/similarities of m-banking in South Africa and Nigeria. Several studies on the acceptance of m-banking have produced various results across different countries. This can be accredited to the dissimilar socio-cultural composition of such countries. The user acceptance of m-banking in a country is determined by distinct characteristic factors which are unique to that country. This research takes on a positivistic epistemology. This is an exploratory and deductive study which explains the factors that influence the acceptance of m-banking in two African countries by the use of a conceptual model.This study employed quantitative and qualitative data gathering and analysis processes. A crosssectional survey was conducted.. A total of 451 valid questionnaires were collected and analysed using Statistica 9 - analytic research software. The interviews were analysed using selective coding techniques. In this study, several factors such as cost, trust, satisfaction, social factors, utility expectancy (usefulness) and effort expectancy (ease of use) were identified from literature, and a conceptual model was formulated to test hypotheses generated from previous related studies. The dimensions of national culture – power, distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity and individualism were also integrated into the model. The result showed that SMS alert for account transactions is the most used m-banking service in both countries. The hypothesised relationships were validated by using regression tests, supported with responses from the interviewees. It was found that culture has an indirect effect on the user acceptance of m-banking. Security risk was the major disadvantageous factor while ubiquity and immediacy were the most advantageous factor. Additional factors such as awareness, convenience and literacy level were also revealed to influence the acceptance of m-banking in both countries.
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Ekwunife, A. N. O. "African Traditional Values and Formation in Catholic Seminaries of Nigeria." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1996. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,538.
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