Academic literature on the topic 'Africa, East - Commerce'
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Journal articles on the topic "Africa, East - Commerce"
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Seland, Eivind Heldaas. "Early Christianity in East Africa and Red Sea/Indian Ocean Commerce." African Archaeological Review 31, no. 4 (2014): 637–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-014-9172-5.
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Greene, Molly. "Commerce and the Ottoman Conquest of Kandiye." New Perspectives on Turkey 10 (1994): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600000868.
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The Ottoman-Venetian war for the island of Crete in the middle of the 17th century (1645-1669) was in some ways an anachronistic struggle. The era of imperial struggle in the Mediterranean had come to a close in 1578 when the Portuguese army, assisted by Spain, was defeated at Alcazar in Morocco by the army of the Ottoman protégé, Abd al-Malik. The Ottoman victory was followed by a Spanish-Ottoman truce signed in 1580 which, though it seemed tentative at the time, ushered in a long period of peace in the Mediterranean region. The Spanish acquiesced to Ottoman control of North Africa and turned their attention to their acquisitions in the new world. The Ottomans, for their part, occupied themselves with military conquests in the East and no new campaigns were launched in the Mediterranean.
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Antunes, Luís Frederico Dias. "A Long-Distance Nexus in the Indian Ocean: Gujarati Banias, Brokers, and Middlemen in Eighteenth-Century Portuguese East Africa." Asian Review of World Histories 8, no. 2 (2020): 234–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340077.
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Abstract Historiography has long recognized the strategic importance of Diu as a commercial hub in the Indian Ocean, despite the decline it experienced in the last quarter of the seventeenth century. A great deal of Diuese commerce, along with the island’s privileged connections with East Africa (especially Mozambique), was sustained by the activity of the Banias—Hindus and Jain—who had long used this small island as a platform for trade. This article analyzes the forms of organization, commercial and financial techniques, and main roles of the Banias of Gujarat, one of the largest and most important urban merchant communities in India and in other Asian and African markets along the Indian Ocean. In the case of Diu, we seek to understand the extent to which the financial capacity and commercial experience of the local Banias allowed them to dominate most commercial activity in Mozambique from the late seventeenth century onwards. We examine the internal structure of the Banias’ merchant communities, the hierarchical dependencies and trade links between the Banias of Diu and of Mozambique, and, lastly, the adaptation of their experience and commercial techniques to the East African coast.
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Mitchell, Colin Paul. "Shāh ‘Abbās, the English East India Company and the Cannoneers of Fārs." Itinerario 24, no. 2 (2000): 104–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300013048.
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To nineteenth and early twentieth-century scholarship, the early modern expansion of powers like Spain, Portugal, England and Holland, was a necessary preliminary step towards Europe's ultimate domination of the Asian and African continents. Moreover, the relative ease with which colonial powers manhandled regions like North Africa and the Indo-Pak subcontinent suggested that their early modern ‘pioneering’ counterparts must have shared similar experiences. While some historians highlighted superior business concepts (joint-stock companies, profit-sharing) or superior shipbuilding and navigation techniques as the means with which trading powers like the Estado da India and the English East India Company penetrated and overwhelmed Indian Ocean commerce, other scholars boiled it down to the European affinity for using ‘men-of-war, gun, and shot’. The critical underlying assumption of any of these teleological explanations s i that ‘encountered’ cultures were unable to adequately respond to European technology, of course hinting at some deeper and more profound deficiency. Scholarship in recent decades has shorn such confidence and begun to scrutinise this seedling period of interaction between Europe and non-Europe, suggesting that the initial playing ground between ‘encounterer’ and ‘encountered’ was perhaps more level than previously portrayed.
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Mitchell, Colin Paul. "Shāh ‘Abbās, the English East India Company and the Cannoneers of Fārs." Itinerario 24, no. 2 (2000): 104–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300044521.
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To nineteenth and early twentieth-century scholarship, the early modern expansion of powers like Spain, Portugal, England and Holland, was a necessary preliminary step towards Europe's ultimate domination of the Asian and African continents. Moreover, the relative ease with which colonial powers manhandled regions like North Africa and the Indo-Pak subcontinent suggested that their early modern ‘pioneering’ counterparts must have shared similar experiences. While some historians highlighted superior business concepts (joint-stock companies, profit-sharing) or superior shipbuilding and navigation techniques as the means with which trading powers like the Estado da India and the English East India Company penetrated and overwhelmed Indian Ocean commerce, other scholars boiled it down to the European affinity for using ‘men-of-war, gun, and shot’. The critical underlying assumption of any of these teleological explanations s i that ‘encountered’ cultures were unable to adequately respond to European technology, of course hinting at some deeper and more profound deficiency. Scholarship in recent decades has shorn such confidence and begun to scrutinise this seedling period of interaction between Europe and non-Europe, suggesting that the initial playing ground between ‘encounterer’ and ‘encountered’ was perhaps more level than previously portrayed.
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M. Ismail, Mohamed A. El-Nawawy, Magda. "The Imminent Challenge of Click and Mortar Commerce in Egypt, Africa and the Middle East." Electronic Markets 10, no. 2 (2000): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10196780050138119.
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Goldstone, Jack A. "Is Islam Bad for Business?" Perspectives on Politics 10, no. 1 (2012): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592711004920.
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In this beautifully crafted book, Timur Kuran provides a remarkably rich analysis of how Islamic law impeded economic progress in the Middle East and North Africa. Kuran's views are fresh and powerful, and they are subtle. He does not claim that Islamic law was generally bad for economic activity. He does not claim that prohibitions on interest denied credit to merchants or entrepreneurs. Nor does he claim that predation by absolutist states blocked capitalist accumulation or inhibited commerce.
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Babalola, Abidemi Babatunde. "Ancient History of Technology in West Africa: The Indigenous Glass/Glass Bead Industry and the Society in Early Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria." Journal of Black Studies 48, no. 5 (2017): 501–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934717701915.
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The technology of glassmaking is complex. This complexity has been cited for the exclusion of the development of ancient glass technology from certain regions of the world, especially Africa, South of the Sahara. Thus, much of the existing scholarship on the technology of ancient glass has focused on the Middle East, Mediterranean, and Southeast and South Asia. Although the discourse on indigenous African technology has gained traction in Black studies, the study of ancient glass seems to have been left mainly in the hands of specialists in other disciplines. Drawing from archaeological and historical evidence from Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria, in tandem with the result of compositional analysis, this article examines the first recognized indigenous Sub-Saharan African glass technology dated to early second millennium ad or earlier. The development of the local glass recipe and the making of beads not only ushered in a social, religious, and economic transformation in Yorubaland as well as the other West African societies but also redressed the place of Sub-Saharan African in the historiographical map of ancient global technology and commerce.
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Hameed, Sameena. "Political Economy of Rentierism in the Middle East and Disruptions from the Digital Space." Contemporary Review of the Middle East 7, no. 1 (2020): 54–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798919889782.
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Rentierism in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region had emanated both from significant external rent and from the statist model of development feeding each other, where legitimacy was secured through rent distribution. The rent-led resource imbalance between the state and the society, as well as intra-societal inequalities in the region, has been less recognized and studied. The flow of external rent in tandem with internal rent-seeking has perpetuated the wealth and power of the political and economic elites and limited economic opportunities of the larger population. The rentierism that bred on vertical controls and network of privileges is set to be disrupted from flows and connectivity generated in the growth of digital commerce in the region.
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Olukoju, Ayodeji. "Fishing, Migrations and Inter-group Relations in the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Coast of West Africa) in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries." Itinerario 24, no. 1 (2000): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300008688.
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The Gulf of Guinea, home to numerous ethnic nationalities, stretches from the Republic of Senegal in the west to Nigeria in the east. There have been population movements and socio-economic interactions within and across the coastal belt over the past millennium. In response to their environment, the people have been engaged in fishing, salt-making, commerce and boat making. Fishing, the pivot of their economy, has taken the leading fishing groups – the Fante and Ewe (Keta) of the Republic of Ghana, and the Izon (Ijaw), Itsekiri and Ilaje of Nigeria – all over the entire West African coastline, where they have established many settlements.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Africa, East - Commerce"
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Bagabo, Paul Wambi. "Commitment to the East African community customs union protocol, 2004-2009." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3731/.
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The thesis analyses commitment to the EAC customs union protocol. In contrast to previous studies, this research compares state preferences at the negotiation stage with their adherence to each provision in the protocol during the transposition, enforcement and application stages of the protocol. Based on data from fifty semi-structured interviews plus secondary sources, the analysis reveals that partner states are more successful at adhering to the customs related- than trade related provisions in the protocol. Drawing on enforcement, management and constructivist approaches in integration literature, the research identifies three factors that explain inadequate commitment by partner states: the weakness of the EAC secretariat’s monitoring and sanctioning system, strategic preferences of partner states to protect domestic business interests, and overlapping membership to multiple regional arrangements with different rules which affects adequate interpretation and compliance with the protocol. The findings call for more attention to the concept of ‘completeness’ of transposition and show that a disaggregated level of analysis that takes the preferences of partner states at the negotiation stage into consideration better accounts for the inadequate commitment to regional directives. The findings call for larger multi-sectoral case studies and include assessment of the design of regional arrangements.
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Gooding, Philip. "Lake Tanganyika : commercial frontier in the era of long-distance commerce, East and Central Africa, c.1830-1890." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2017. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/24341/.
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This thesis uses Lake Tanganyika as a case study to analyse long-distance commerce in East and Central Africa during the period c.1830-1890. This era is loosely demarcated by the arrival of traders from the Indian Ocean Coast to the lakeshore at its beginning, and the imposition of European colonial rule at its end. Its central argument is that the shores of Lake Tanganyika represented a frontier region in this spatial and temporal context. The nature of this frontier was intimately tied to Lake Tanganyika's specific environmental characteristics. People migrated to and across the lake for protection and because of the commercial opportunities that were available to those who did so. This promoted cultural exchange, political instability, and commercial opportunity - themes that are common in other analyses of frontiers, borderlands, and other large bodies of water. The development of the frontier was tied to the ways in which lakeshore populations and long-distance traders encountered each other within the context of the lakeshore environment. The results of these encounters led to the emergence of distinct cultural forms. These were expressed via a collective demand for certain commercial goods in an integrated lakeshore market, pervasive religious beliefs and rituals, and types of settlement that re-shaped the lakeshore's position in relation to elsewhere in East and Central Africa. The coalescence of these cultural forms may be regarded as the development of a 'frontier culture' that set the lacustrine region apart from nearby landward regions. Such a focus on cultural exchange sheds new light on the encounter between longdistance traders and other interior populations, which is often understood in terms of economic transactions and political upheaval. The Lake Tanganyika case study, therefore, allows for the addition of a cultural layer to some of the prevailing perspectives regarding long-distance commerce in East and Central Africa.
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Aithal, Anand T. "Coffee value chains and farming systems in East Africa : an analysis of efficiencies and incoming generation." Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20011.
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The Objective of this research is to find out how the smallholder coffee farmers in East Africa are affected by the global coffee value chain within which they function. The study was carried out on 4 sites in 3 countries. The research looks at the efficiency of the coffee value chains in terms of transfer of price and reward for good quality coffee, and investigates how the coffee value chain affects the choice and income levels of the coffee farmers. The three countries followed different local value chains and price transfer mechanisms. In Uganda, it was the liberalized open market system where the transfer of ownership of coffee happened at the farm-gate. In Kenya, the value chain was organized around an auction which rewarded good quality coffee while its ownership was still with the farmer. In Rwanda, there was government control on price and farmers were either able to sell their coffee directly at the farm gate or through cooperatives they were members of. Kenyan coffee auction system was best designed to reward quality, but the length of the value chain was so long and controlled that the farmers within this system made a loss from coffee. The system in which farmers made profits from coffee was found to be in the open market system in Uganda, where price was set based on negotiations at the farm gate. This was also because the cost of production was lower on this site as compared to the other sites. This led us to form a minimum price for coffee which would ensure that farmers would make at least some profits from growing coffee. Coffee though is not enough for farmers to survive. Farmers diversify their income portfolios by planting different crops. The efficiency of this strategy though is based on land sizes. It was found that farmers with larger land sizes have greater returns on investment than farmers with smaller land sizes. This means that the future of coffee and farming as a viable and profitable enterprise depends on the ability of farmers to aggregate land sizes, not further sub divide land as is the current trend. The research proposes a system of production that would use the existing coffee value chains in a way that would be beneficial for farmers. This is based on the fact that unit of global trade in coffee is actually a container of coffee, not a kilo. This means that if farmers are organized around producing a container of coffee, the production unit becomes a group of farmers of around 200 in number, based on the calculated yield per tree across the different sites. Given that currently farmers act as individual production units (like in Uganda and Rwanda) or in big groups of a few thousand farmers (like in Kenya); a bit of reorganization might be required to ensure that farmers continue to grow coffee and make profits from it<br>L'objectif de la recherche est d'analyser comment les petits producteurs de café d'Afrique de l'Est sont influencés par l'ensemble de la filière. L'étude a été menée sur quatre sites dans trois pays. La recherche s'intéresse à l'efficacité de la filière en termes de coûts de transactions et de transmission des prix ainsi que de paiement de la qualité. Elle étudie comment la filière affecte les choix et les niveaux de revenu des fermiers. Les trois pays ont des structures de filières et des mécanismes de transfert des prix différents. En Ouganda, c'est un système de marché libéralisé ouvert où le transfert de propriété du café s'opère bord champ. Au Kenya, la chaîne de valeur est organisée autour d'un système d'enchères qui valorise le café de bonne qualité dont la propriété reste dans les mains du fermier. Au Rwanda, il y a un contrôle gouvernemental sur les prix et les producteurs ont la possibilité soir de vendre leur café directement à la ferme soit par l'intermédiaire de coopératives dont ils sont membres. Le système kenyan d'enchères est le mieux placé pour payer la qualité, mais la longueur de la filière est si longue et si contrôlée que les fermiers perdent de l'argent sur leur café. Le système le plus profitable est celui d'Ouganda, où les prix sont basés sur la négociation à la ferme ; aussi parce que le coût de production est plus bas que sur les autres sites. Le café ne suffit pas aux fermiers pour survivre. Les producteurs diversifient leurs revenus en plantant d'autres cultures. L'efficacité de cette stratégie est fonction de la taille du foncier. Les fermiers ayant de nombreuses terres ont un rapport sur investissement plus important que ceux qui ont peu de terres et des parcelles de petite taille. Cela signifie que l'avenir du café en tant qu'entreprise viable et profitable dépend de la capacité des fermiers à agréger des terres et non à les subdiviser comme dans la tendance actuelle. La recherche propose un système de production qui s'appuierait sur les filières existantes selon un mode qui serait bénéfique aux fermiers. Il est fondé sur le fait que l'unité de transaction du café soit un conteneur et non un kilo. Cela signifie que si les fermiers sont organisés pour produire un conteneur de café, l'unité de production devient, sur la base du rendement par arbre dans les différents sites, un groupe de fermiers d'environ 200 producteurs. Étant donné qu'actuellement les fermiers agissent en tant qu'unité individuelle de production (comme en Ouganda ou au Rwanda) ou en grands groupes de quelques milliers de fermiers (comme au Kenya), une certaine réorganisation est requise pour assurer la pérennité de la production et des profits réalisés
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Masocha, Reginald. "Technologicalship in e-banking services: a constraint or contributor to relationship marketing in retail banking in East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/306.
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Contemporarily, one of the major business demands is to extensively understand the impact of technology on the major business strategies and practices. Technologicalship marketing, a concept investigated in this study, emanates from a symbiosis of technology and relationship marketing. Per se, a prevalent area of debate pertains to whether technology promotes or constrains relationships. Outstandingly, this study pursued the technologicalship marketing concept, a new and vital 21st century suggestion in literature (Zineldin, 2000:16). Secondly, against the scarcity of empirical studies in mass marketing environments, the study at hand focused on retail banking client relationships. Lastly, the proposed meta-construct hypothetical model is an essential relationship marketing instrument. The proposed model consists of four major relationship marketing construct categories, namely, personal contact, customer retention, customer switching and relational exchange. At the hand of these constructs, the research primarily aimed to determine the impact of technology on client relationships in e-banking with the focus of closing the gap prevalent in literature on whether technology constraints or supports relationship marketing. The study focused on retail banking client relationships of the four major commercial banks in East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa. A survey was conducted of a sample of 200 clients selected using the convenience sampling method. The study hypothesised that technology is resulting in more transactional than relationship marketing in retail banking by constraining social constructions, customer retention and relational exchange, whilst, promoting customer switching mobility. Through the GLM regression analysis method, findings of the study established that technology was to a larger extent supporting relationship marketing. However, it is envisaged that technology is resulting in the disappearance of human contact which is a critical aspect of relationships. Conclusively, the researcher recommended that the only plausible strategy is to endeavour to integrate the human aspect at self-service podiums e.g. mounting of staff at ATM points, which most banks have been doing.
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Marshalian, Michelle. "Winners, Losers and the Political Economy of the Middle East and North Africa : A brief look at industrial development, trade, productivity and jobs Productivity, structural change and skills dynamics: Evidence from a half century analysis in Tunisia and Turkey Winners and Losers in Industrial Policy 2.0: An evaluation of the impacts of the Tunisian Industrial Upgrading Program Trade, Tariffs and Missing Imports: Using trade liberalization to understand business-state relations in Egyptian manufacturing." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED056.
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Les succès et les échecs des politiques publiques sont, en large partie, sont influencés par le contexte politique et institutionnel des économies. Cette thèse analyse la manière dont les résultats socio-économiques des pays de la région MENA sont déterminées par l'environnement institutionnel et politique des différents pays. Trois essais sont proposés. Le premier étudie l'impact des qualifications sur la productivité à l'aide d'une comparaison entre deux pays, la Turquie et la Tunisie. Le second analyse l'impact des subventions sur les performances des firmes. Le troisième étudie l'effet de l'ouverture commerciale sur les importations des biens manufacturés selon que les firmes font partie des secteurs connectés au pouvoir politique ou pas, dans le cas de l'Égypte.L'étude comparative Turquie-Tunisie, montre que les compétences des travailleurs ont bien un impact mesurable sur la productivité de la Turquie, mais pas en Tunisie. En Turquie, l'industrialisation par substitution aux importations a été démantelée relativement tôt, alors qu'en Tunisie la politique postcoloniale a abandonné sa politique d’industrialisation par substitution aux importations relativement tard. En conséquence, le haut niveau des compétences de la main-d’œuvre en Tunisie n'a pas pu contribué à la productivité à la différence de la Turquie. Ensuite, l'étude de l'intervention gouvernementale sous forme de subvention auprès des firmes en Tunisie, montre que, comme attendu, les subventions permettent aux gouvernements d'étendre leur contrôle sur les entreprises privées. Cette politique a produit des effets contrastés sur les entreprises tunisiennes. Elle a favorisé l'emploi dans les petites entreprises, tandis que dans les grands entreprises, c'est le capital qui en a bénéficié. Enfin, le dernier essai concernant l'économie égyptienne montre que la réduction des barrières commerciales a davantage bénéficié aux firmes présentes dans les secteurs dans lesquels on n'observe pas de lien de connexion entre l’État et les entreprises. La réduction de l'évasion fiscalo-douanière favorise les firmes plus compétitives<br>The political economy is an important determinant of the successes and failures of public policies. This dissertation explores how the political economy has shaped socio-political outcomes. I use a comparative study, a study of a fiscal subsidies, and a case study of liberalization to elaborate this point. In the comparative study on Turkey and Tunisia, I observe that workforce skills have a measurable impact on productivity in Turkey, a country that abandoned import substitution industrialization at a relatively early stage. Whereas the post-colonial institutional setting of the economy and relatively later import substitution industrialization in Tunisia is not amenable to harnessing the skills of the workforce for productivity --- even if levels of education were historically higher than in Turkey. A case study on government intervention in the form of firm subsidies in Tunisia finds that governments can use firm subsidies to extend control over the private sector, while still reporting measurable and observable positive benefits to the economy. Lastly, a case study on liberalization demonstrated in Egypt that reforms to remove administrative and tariff barriers disproportionately helped firms in industries with no known government cronies and reduced tariff evasion. However, government cronies operating in the historically important natural resource sector still reaped benefits from liberalization reforms
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Audu, Janet. "Technology Adoption in Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC): An Empirical Study Investigating Factors that Influence Online Shopping Adoption." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37349.
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The growing popularity of the internet and its activities have opened a wide range of business opportunities especially in terms of e-business. Though, reports show that the adoption rate of e-commerce in developed countries seem to be striving, a lot of developing countries still struggle with slow e-commerce adoption rate. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is one these countries where e-commerce adoption is still in its infant stages. However, because of the recent infrastructure improvements and the growth in telecommunication services in the country, internet penetration, more specifically, mobile Internet penetration is growing at a significantly fast pace. This could mean opportunities for e-business services in DRC.
The objective of this research is to investigate the factors that could influence online shopping adoption in DRC. This investigation was carried out by adapting an extended version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). A quantitative approach was used in the collection of data and the data was edited and analyzed using the programming language, R. Also, the analytical techniques used in conducting this research include: Descriptive Statistical Methods (Cross tabulation, frequencies) and inferential Statistical Methods (Logistic Regression, ANOVA and Chi square tests).
The results from this research show that contrary to the conceptualized model in the literature review where the main constructs included: Perceived Ease of Use(PEOU), Perceived Usefulness(PU) and Perceived Trust(PT), it appears that Perceived Ease of Use(PEOU) does not have any significance in a user’s intention to shop online(p>0.01). However, this research found that Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Trust have a strong statistical significance to a user’s intention to shop online. Furthermore, we found that Gender, Income and Age do not have any moderating influence on the relationship between a user’s perception and their intention to shop online in DRC. However, when the relationship between
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perception and intention to shop online is moderated by experience, we find that there is a variation between users with prior online shopping experience and those without.
While these research findings make for remarkable recommendations on a user’s intention to shop online, we recommend that further research on actual usage of e-commerce be examined in DRC to get a better understanding of consumer online behaviors.
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Makokoe, Isaac. "Selected antecedents towards the acceptance of m-payment services and the relationship with attitude and future intentions." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/454.
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M. Tech. (Marketing, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of Technology<br>Keywords: Mobile payments, usefulness, ease of use, security, attitude, future intentions.
An increased reliance on mobile phones by consumers for making retail purchases has been witnessed over the years. Given the pervasive use of m-payments and the incessant diffusion of innovations in South Africa, it is important for marketers to have knowledge of the right set of factors that enhance consumers’ intent towards favouring m-payments in future encounters. This study draws from the undertones of Davis’s (1989) Technology acceptance Model (TAM). Whereas the theory alludes to the influences of both usefulness and ease of use on consumer attitudes and behaviour, this study further amplifies the salience of cosumer perceptions of security as a salient drive towards m-payment acceptance. This is because m-payments involve moneybased transactions and therefore it is important for consumers to have assurance that they operate along a secure platform. The TAM was nominated as the underlying theory in this research owing to its effectiveness when applied during the initial phases of an innovation, to avoid costly mistakes of implementing innovation attributes that do not offer the requiredset of elements for persuading consumers.
The purpose of this study was to test an integrative research model of the antecedents of mpayment acceptance using a South African sample of consumers. A quantitative study comprising a non-probability snowball sample of 474 consumers aged between 18 and 50 years was conducted in 2016, in and around the five major towns of Southern Gauteng province in South Africa. The structured questionnaire requested respondents to indicate their perceptions regarding the usefulness, ease of use and security of m-payment platforms they have utilised. In addition, the questionnaire relates to consumers’ attitude evaluations of m-payments in general, as well as their intentions to both use and recommending m-payments to others in the future.
Initially, descriptive statistics were performed on the data set, including correlation analysis and multicolinearity testing. Subsequently, structural equation modelling was applied by first, assessing the measurement model using fit indices, confirmatory factor analysis and statistical accuracy tests of reliability and validity. Specification of the measurement model led to the conclusion that the future intentions model was a five-factor structure comprising usefulness, ease of use, security, attitude and future intentions. Thereafter, the results of the structural model (Structural model A) supported the existence of a direct influence between usefulness and security with attitude, while the latter was found to have a direct influence on future intentions. Nevertheless, the relationships between ease of use and attitude was not significant and therefore, alternative hypothesis Ha3 could not be supported in this study leading to the need to specify a
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subsequent competing model. Under Structural model B, perceived usefulness is used as both a dependent and an independent variable since it is predicted by perceived ease of use and in turn predicts attitude towards using and behavioural intention to use simultaneously. The results of Structural model B led to the decision to accept the competing model as the ultimate model for this research since the model presents complete evidence of path weights that are greater than 0.20, interpreted as evidence for significant path outcomes.
Insights gained from this study could assist both marketing academics and practitioners to understand the perceptions of consumers towards m-payments. In this regard, if a determination is made that conducting m-payment transactions in secure and effort-free environments could enhance the effectiveness of consumers in their jobs and lives in general, then marketers could be in a better position to deliver a worthwhile innovation solution for South African consumers.
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"The impact of economic integration on trade growth in Africa: a critical analysis of the East African Community." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11217.
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M.Com. (Economics)<br>The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of economic integration on trade growth in the East African Community (EAC). The EAC created in June 2001, is the regional umbrella organisation overseeing a pan-nation, an inter-governmental trade bloc for the Republics of Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi. The objectives of the organisation are to create an environment where free movement of people, goods and labour can occur, spurring economic growth and well-being of the region’s citizens. The concept of economic integration emerged post the Second World War (WWII), as an avenue for creating a protected large free-trade area in which gradually capital movements could be liberalised. It has been adopted in different regions with varying degrees of success. It is in this context that the EAC was examined. The study uses two models to analyse the impact of economic integration on trade growth; the institutional integration index and the augmented gravity model. The first model is important in the analysis of economic integration in that it provides evidence of the impact that deeper and wider integration has on trade growth. The second model, the augmented gravity model is an “augmentation” of the traditional gravity model with additional variables that cater for the effects of the second, third and fourth stages of integration. The study applies panel data analysis on a 10 year data set and empirically assesses the impact of economic integration on trade growth. Based on the results of the two models, it is found that economic integration does lead to trade growth, however because the EAC has only attained the first stage of integration i.e. Customs union and is currently pursuing the second stage i.e. Common markets, factors that come into play in the latter stages of integration i.e. monetary union and political federation, have no significant impact on trade.
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Berman, Abigayle Raine. "The Indian Ocean journey of Rwandan coffee to Johannesburg." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21972.
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Submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirement of M.A. (Anthropology) at the University of the Witwatersrand
March 2016<br>The aim of this thesis is to understand the way in which the Indian Ocean is seen to be a key influencer within African trade, and most importantly African coffee trade. The Indian Ocean has long been viewed as a contributor within global trade, but it is through this ethnography that I specifically showcase the impact it has within the continent. This ethnography highlights key routes which are taken for coffee which is produced in East Africa, how it leaves a landlocked country and passes through borders to a port city on the Eastern littoral, its life at the port city until it enters South Africa. It further explores various ways to understand the complex nature of the containerisation of a commodity and how African trade is able to be looked at not only via trade across or through the continent but through the Indian Ocean. This paper therefore aims to create a new narrative of the Indian Ocean.<br>MT2017
Books on the topic "Africa, East - Commerce"
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Alpers, Edward A. East Africa and the Indian Ocean. Markus Wiener Publishers, 2009.
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Dennis, L. G. The lake steamers of East Africa. Runnymede Malthouse Publishing, 1996.
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Miller, E. Willard. United States trade--Europe, Soviet Union, Middle East, and Africa: A bibliography. Vance Bibliographies, 1991.
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Harnessing the trade winds: The story of the centuries old Indian trade with East Africa, using the monsoon winds. Zand Graphics, 2008.
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Metal, nomads and culture contact: The Middle East and North Africa. Equinox Pub., 2008.
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Anfinset, Nils. Metal, nomads and culture contact: The Middle East and North Africa. Equinox Pub., 2010.
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Dennis, Allen. The impact of regional trade agreements and trade facilitation in the Middle East and North Africa region. World Bank, 2006.
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Bank, World, ed. Trade competitiveness of the Middle East and North Africa: Policies for export diversification. World Bank, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Africa, East - Commerce"
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Qasim, D., A. Bany Mohammed, and F. Liñán. "The Role of Culture and Gender in E-commerce Entrepreneurship: Three Jordanian Case Studies." In Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75913-5_14.
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Wyatt, Don J. "Cargoes Human and Otherwise: Chinese Commerce in East African Goods During the Middle Period." In Early Global Interconnectivity across the Indian Ocean World, Volume I. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97667-9_7.
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Lo Basso, Luca. "Traffici globali. Corallo, diamanti e tele di cotone negli affari commerciali dei Genovesi in Oriente." In Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni. Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.28.
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Genoese merchants, who certainly did not disappear after 1627, during the second half of the century were able to establish new global-scale commercial networks on a par with those of other merchant communities (those of the Jews for instance). In the 1660s and for a few decades, Genoese goods – paper and fabrics – sailed to the Indies with African slaves. On their way back, the same Genoese ships would carry tonnes of silver and a wealth of other colonial goods thereby increasing trade with the East. This commercial framework is the backdrop to the story of Nicolò and Pietro Francesco Fieschi, two brothers whose lives testify how between the second half of the seventeenth century and the early decades of the eighteenth century, merchants from Genoa certainly had not withdrawn from international commerce focusing only on financial profits. On the contrary they were able to find new commercial momentum in opportunities provided by the connections brought about by the ever-more globalised world.
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Woolf, Leonard. "Zanzibar and East Africa." In Empire and Commerce in Africa. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351022385-12.
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Schreier, Joshua. "Mediterranean Oran." In The Merchants of Oran. Stanford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804799140.003.0002.
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This chapter recounts Oran’s history over the longue durée. It speaks of a city situated on the northern coast of Africa, but also on the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Oran was a creation of Spain and southern Europe as well as of Tlemcen, the Sahara, and the African sources of goods that lay beyond it. Indeed, in the first century or two of its existence, Oran owed its existence to its proximity to the Iberian Peninsula. The westernmost section of the Mediterranean, stretching from Cape Tenès in the east to the Straights of Gibraltar in the west, has been described as a medieval “Ibero-African English Channel,” linking North Africa and Spain with a constant flow of commercial ships. Oran’s dependence on larger circuits of western Mediterranean commerce would continue into the nineteenth century.
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Olatokun, Wole Michael, and Isola Ajiferuke. "E-Commerce Challenges and Policy Considerations in Nigeria." In Global Information Technologies. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-939-7.ch194.
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Electronic commerce (or e-commerce) is the popular term for doing business electronically. According to Haag, Cummings, and McCubbrey (1998), for businesses, electronic commerce includes performing transactions with customers over the Internet for purposes such as home shopping, home banking, and electronic cash use; performing transactions with other organizations through the use of electronic data interchange (EDI); gathering information relating to consumer market research and competitors; and distributing information to prospective customers through interactive advertising, sales, and marketing efforts. Benefits of e-commerce to companies include a wider potential market (i.e., global access); lowering of transaction costs; increase in the speed of transactions; improved economies of scale; minimization of human intervention in business processes; and unlimited access to product information for customers (Sesan, 2000; Wood, 2003). While a few developing countries such as Costa Rica are making inroads into electronic commerce (Travica, 2002), many others are slow in its adoption. For example, a study, which rated 42 developing countries on their “e-readiness,” found that Taiwan and Estonia had emerged as leaders among developing countries in the ability to conduct e-commerce, whereas Russia, much of the Middle East, and Africa were lagging behind (Anonymous, 2000). One of the countries included in the study but that rated poorly in its e-commerce efforts is Nigeria. In this articl, we shall be discussing the challenges being faced by the country as it grapples with the adoption of e-commerce.
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Knapp, Courtney Elizabeth. "Defying Racist Stereotypes." In Constructing the Dynamo of Dixie. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469637273.003.0005.
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This chapter explores the stereotype-defying histories of Black and multi-ethnic placemaking in two historically significant Black neighborhoods: the Big Nine and Lincoln Park. East Ninth/Martin Luther King Street (““the Big Nine”“) is a corridor which for more than a century served as a premiere destination for African American commerce, social life, and artistic/creative production. Lincoln Park is one of the oldest and most historically significant Black neighborhoods in Chattanooga, described by many locals as Black community’s ““backyard”.
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Verkijika, Silas. "Times Have Changed, Don't Lose Business Because of “Sorry We Don't Accept Cards!”." In Impact of Mobile Services on Business Development and E-Commerce. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0050-7.ch004.
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Over the past decade, many mobile payment systems have been introduced to facilitate the ease with which businesses and customers' process payments. For these mobile payment systems to succeed, merchant acceptance is of utmost importance as merchants play a central in the mobile payment value chain. As such, the main purpose of this chapter is to assess the determinants of merchant acceptance of mobile card payment systems using the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework. The study made use of structural equation modeling to evaluate the hypothesized association in the proposed model. Using data from 259 small businesses in the South African retail sector, this study found that two technological (i.e., relative advantage and perceived cost), one organizational (i.e., top management support), and two environmental (i.e., competitive pressure and customer pressure) context factors were significant determinants of merchant acceptance of mobile card payment systems. The chapter culminates with a discussion of the implications of the findings.
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Moore, Sean D. "They Were Prodigals and Enslavers." In Slavery and the Making of Early American Libraries. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836377.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the founding of the New York Society Library as part of the trend of merchants made wealthy by slavery and related commerce establishing philanthropic and civil society institutions in the mid- and late eighteenth century. By mapping the reading network around Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe in this library, it establishes that almost all of its readers from 1789–90 supported Defoe’s pro-slavery views as articulated by Crusoe’s choice to go to sea to engage in the Africa trade, and how most American editions of the novel advocated young men doing the same. The library’s City Readers database also makes it easy to inventory the other books that readers of Crusoe were reading in order to gauge the level of pro-slavery versus Manumission Society sentiment. In doing so, it provides a portrait of New York society as one in which whites of every background benefited from the slave trade.
Conference papers on the topic "Africa, East - Commerce"
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Lutta, Nelson. "Diversification of Africa's Energy Portfolio': Economic Outlook a Case Study of Kenya." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2575262-ms.
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ABSTRACT Despite the global setbacks, in recent times Africa's economy has generally managed to grow, with an average GDP increase of about 5%. Africa's economic growth prospects have been the talking point in recent economic fora. This growth however, has been inhibited due to the insufficient access to reliable electricity for most of Africa. The future outlook for this yet looks set to change dramatically, with African countries diversifying their energy portfolio. A good case in point is in Kenya. As of March 2015, Kenya's effective installed electricity capacity was 2177.1 MW, with supply primarily being sourced from hydroelectric and thermal sources. With connectivity to the national grid at just 28%. As of 8th June 2016, Kenya was the 4th largest geothermal energy developer in the world, possessing the largest geothermal plant in the world, capable of providing almost 20% of the nation's total power capacity (280MW Olkaria plant). Geothermal is just the tip of the iceberg, for years wind energy has contributed just 5.1MW to the national grid, but with the construction of the lake Turkana power project set to come online by July 2017 injecting 310MW or about 18% of current installed electricity generating capacity, a different ball game is about to commence. With Kenya's innovation and IT scene making waves worldwide, the incorporation of this into the energy scene has been quite successful with the M-Kopa model the latest crown jewel. Solar century and London distillers have held engagements to build the largest solar roof project in East Africa, almost 1 MWp. Kenya is currently the world leader in number of solar power systems installed per capita. With the Lamu coal power plant set to add 981.5 MW to the grid and Kenya aiming to replace some fossil fuel, electricity capacity, with nuclear energy (it is currently evaluating its grid system before considering the generation options). These are key stepping stones for an energy boom with an unequivocal industrial and economic boom. Considering the major infrastructural projects of rail, road and pipeline being undertaken with these energy prospects, the future is only brighter. The fact that most of the developed world economies are slowing down only serves to fuel the fact that Kenya and Africa's economic revolution is inevitable. A key indication that the next decades belong to Africa, at least from an economic stand point.
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Christopherson, Kevin. "The Greater Etom Area (GEA): A New Phase of Exploration in the South Lokichar Basin, Turkana County, Northern Kenya." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2585029-ms.
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ABSTRACT East Africa is an integral part of the Tullow business. Tullow has been active for over ten years in the onshore rift basins of East Africa, which began with the opening of the Uganda Lake Albert Rift Basin in 2006 following the drilling of Mputa-1. We developed multiple sub-surface evaluation tools and an understanding on how rift success factors can combine during the drilling of the Lake Albert Basin that we then applied to the Tertiary rifts of Kenya. Extensive Full Tensor Gradiometry (FTG), seismic and drilling has taken place over the last five years in Kenya. This has established the South Lokichar basin as a significant oil basin with significant remaining exploration upside. Up until 2015 exploration drilling in the South Lokichar utilized 2D seismic data. The acquisition of 3D seismic in the north and west of the basin has allowed an improved definition of the structural framework and highlighted additional exploration potential. The Etom-2 well spud in November 2015 highlights the value of this 3D seismic in complex structural settings. Etom-1 was planned and drilled on 2D seismic and encountered 10 m of oil pay. Subsequent re-mapping based upon the 3D seismic revealed that the Etom structure was more complicated than originally interpreted and that Etom-1 had drilled into a collapse graben and not tested the structural crest of the field. Etom-2 targeted the up-thrown northern fault block which was not penetrated by the Etom-1 well and encountered 102 m of oil pay. The northern part of the South Lokichar basin is structurally complex and the 3D seismic provided the required detail to highlight that Etom-1 hadn't properly tested the Etom structure. Further mapping of the 3D seismic in the area around Etom-2 has identified multiple follow-up prospects that could be part of a new play domain in the northern part of the South Lokichar Basin. These targets are the focus for Exploration drilling that is due to commence in Q4 2016.