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Journal articles on the topic 'Africa Peace and Security Architecture'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Van Hoeymissen, Sara. "Regional Organizations in China's Security Strategy for Africa: The Sense of Supporting “African Solutions to African Problems”." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 40, no. 4 (December 2011): 91–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261104000404.

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African regional organizations play a significant role in maintaining peace and security on their continent. This article looks at how China, as an emerging power in Africa, has incorporated these organizations into its policies on African security crises. It asserts that China has explicitly endorsed regional conflict resolution mechanisms, which it perceives as having a less intrusive impact on third world countries' sovereignty than have initiatives taken under the global collective security system led by the UN Security Council. Moreover, China strengthening cooperation with African regional organizations and aligning its stance with the views emerging from these regional bodies is an important way in which China has tried to respond to the rising security challenges and political demands it is faced with in Africa. The article briefly considers what influence China's increased attention to African regional bodies is having on efforts by Africa's traditional donors to help build – but also shape – Africa's emerging peace and security architecture.

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2

Gardachew, Bewuketu Dires. "The African Peace and Security Architecture as a Tool for the Maintenance of Peace and Security. Part 1." RUDN Journal of Public Administration 7, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-3-179-194.

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This study critically explores the extent to which the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) (such as the African Standby Force (ASF), the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS), Panel of the Wise (PoW) and the Peace Fund (PF)) have been successful in achieving their institutional objectives, as well as the degree to which they are able to contribute to the work of the African Union Peace and Security Council (AU PSC). The AU PSC as a key pillar of the APSA is the main decision-making body regarding issues of peace and security. In order to achieve its responsibility, the AU PSC shall be supported by the African Standby Force, the Continental Early Warning System, Panel of the Wise and the Peace Fund. APSA is the umbrella term for the key African Union (AU) mechanisms for promoting peace, security and stability in the African continent. More specifically, it is an operational structure for the effective implementation of the decisions taken in the areas of conflict prevention, peace-making, peace support operations and intervention, as well as peace-building and post-conflict reconstruction. APSA is envisioned as a means by which Africa can take a greater role in managing peace and security on the continent, with the objective of offering “African solutions to African problems”.

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Gardachew, Bewuketu Dires. "The African Peace and Security Architecture as a Tool for the Maintenance of Peace and Security. Part 2." RUDN Journal of Public Administration 7, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 322–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-4-322-333.

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This study critically explores the extent to which the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) (such as the African Standby Force (ASF), the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS), Panel of the Wise (PoW) and the Peace Fund (PF)) have been successful in achieving their institutional objectives, as well as the degree to which they are able to contribute to the work of the African Union Peace and Security Council (AU PSC). The AU PSC as a key pillar of the APSA is the main decision-making body regarding issues of peace and security. In order to achieve its responsibility, the AU PSC shall be supported by the African Standby Force, the Continental Early Warning System, Panel of the Wise and the Peace Fund. APSA is the umbrella term for the key African Union (AU) mechanisms for promoting peace, security and stability in the African continent. More specifically, it is an operational structure for the effective implementation of the decisions taken in the areas of conflict prevention, peace-making, peace support operations and intervention, as well as peace-building and post-conflict reconstruction. APSA is envisioned as a means by which Africa can take a greater role in managing peace and security on the continent, with the objective of offering African solutions to African problems.

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4

Arthur, Peter. "Promoting Security in Africa through Regional Economic Communities (RECs) and the African Union’s African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA)." Insight on Africa 9, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975087816674577.

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The last two decades have seen African countries adopt a new security approach through the activities of regional economic communities (RECs) and the African Union’s (AU) African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). This article argues that despite progress in conflict prevention and the promotion of peace, defence and security through the APSA and RECs, challenges do remain. In particular, factors such as financial costs involved, the inadequate funds available for peace and security missions, conflicting interests and lack of agreement, poor co- ordination and inadequate human and logistics capacity have constrained the ability of African countries to achieve their peace and security agenda. Thus, for peace and security efforts being undertaken by the AU and RECs to be effective, the actors involved should have not only the requisite capacity but also political will and commitment, and cooperation among members and with the international community should remain crucial to the process.

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5

Velthuizen, Andreas. "Beyond Silencing the Guns: China and a New Metaphor for Peace and Security in Africa." Afrika Focus 33, no. 2 (March 11, 2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03302006.

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The author presents the tentative results of ongoing research into a new paradigm for peace and security in Africa. The empirical foundation of the research is the result of a triangulation of research methods that involved literature study, reflexive journaling and thematic analysis. The discussion aims to determine how China can contribute to the renewal of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). The aim is achieved by discussing and analysing the current APSA, including the challenges experienced, as well as the policy commitments and security activities of China in Africa. The research concludes that China is building a military intervention capacity to protect its interests in Africa. However, a new metaphor is needed that will bring solutions to the peace and security challenges of Africa. In this regard China can play an important role in assisting the APSA to focus on issues such as social transformation, capacity building for socio-economic development, and education aimed at peace and security.

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Akech, Migai. "Regional Mechanisms and Intra-State Conflicts: Implementing the African Union’s Principle of Non-Indifference?" Strathmore Law Journal 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52907/slj.v4i1.49.

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The member states of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) established the African Union (AU) in 2001, following recognition that Africa needed a more effective institution that could maintain peace and security. In particular,the 1994 genocide in Rwanda demonstrated to the continent that it needed to enhance its ability to act before conflicts became unmanageable and destructive.The AU consequently established an institutional framework for the prevention, management, and resolution of conflicts. This institutional framework consistsof two parallel frameworks, namely the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA).

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7

Oando, Samwel Odhiambo, and Shirley Gabriella Achieng’. "Peacemaking in Africa and Nobel Peace Prize 2019: The Role of Ahmed Abiy Ali in resolving the Ethiopia–Eritrea Cross-Border Conflict." African Review 48, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 22–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1821889x-12340031.

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Abstract Conflicts globally have reportedly declined even though the number of African countries plagued by internal cross border strife has increased. Given this trend, the African peace and security architecture has evolved considerably over the past decade, culminating in the award of the Nobel Peace Prize – to one of the key actors in peace-making process, Ahmed Abiy Ali. Hence, this paper explores how the inter-state conflicts in Africa, such as the Ethiopia-Eritrea conflict, reflect some colonial continuities of violence. We, therefore, stipulate the justification for the Nobel Peace Prize to illustrate how norms evolve, and further, how identities are constituted in peace-making. This, we argue, is parallel to other situations in African countries as manifested through identity, legitimacy, and authority in shaping political decisions, within the mutually constitutive relationships between agents and political structures. The paper, therefore, situates the conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea into the African context using a model of the decisive action by Abiy, with limited Western influence towards peace, hence providing rationale for subaltern voices and indigenous peace processes in Africa.

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8

Ifediora, Obinna Franklin. "A Regional Responsibility to Protect? Towards ‘Enhancing Regional Action’ in Africa." Global Responsibility to Protect 8, no. 2-3 (May 24, 2016): 270–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00803010.

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Ten years after its endorsement by the un General Assembly, the operationalisation of the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) concept faces challenges of consistency and capacity. Too often, global politics at the world’s premier intergovernmental body, the un, hampers effective action. Regional arrangements have a crucial role to play in this regard, however, questions of capacity to live up to this expectation remain. The Peace and Security Council (psc) of the African Union (au), mandated to implement the African Peace and Security Architecture (apsa) has primarily focused on developing the African Standby Force (asf), which the au succeeded in bringing to its ‘Full Operational Capability’ (foc) in December 2015 for implementation. Deploying the asf in deserving cases, for instance in Burundi in 2016, raises issues of sovereign consent, risks and costs. To avoid these complexities, this article argues that regional arrangements under Chapter viii are primarily pacific tools of the Security Council; focusing on harnessing these peaceful mechanisms of conflict prevention offers potential for consistent and effective ‘first responses’ to crises, with fewer complications. Regional arrangements as mediation tools present great opportunity for peaceful settlement of local disputes. Support for mediation is typically by peace operations. This article proposes that mediation support by a ‘preventive arbitration’ tool through ‘popular participation’ under the African Governance Architecture (aga) may have a pivotal role in this respect. Therefore, a regional responsibility to protect, through greater mediation, requires mediating challenges of governance in Africa.

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9

Abrahamyan, Mira. "Tony Karbo and Kudrat Virk (eds.): The Palgrave Handbook of Peacebuilding in Africa." Czech Journal of International Relations 54, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/mv.1654.

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This handbook offers a critical assessment of the African agenda for conflict prevention, peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding; the challenges and opportunities facing Africa’s regional organisations in their efforts towards building sustainable peace on the continent; and the role of external actors, including the United Nations, Britain, France, and South Asian troop-contributing countries. In so doing, it revisits the late Ali Mazrui’s concept of Pax Africana, calling on Africans to take responsibility for peace and security on their own continent. The creation of the African Union, in 2002, was an important step towards realising this ambition, and has led to the development of a new continental architecture for more robust conflict management. But, as the volume’s authors show, the quest for Pax Africana faces challenges. Combining thematic analyses and case studies, this book will be of interest to both scholars and policymakers working on peace, security, and governance issues in Africa.

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10

Franke, Benedikt, and Stefan Gänzle. "How “African” Is the African Peace and Security Architecture? Conceptual and Practical Constraints of Regional Security Cooperation in Africa." African Security 5, no. 2 (April 2012): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2012.682473.

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11

Kuo, Steven C. Y. "Chinese Peace? An Emergent Norm in African Peace Operations." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 01, no. 01 (April 2015): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740015500086.

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The steady rise in Chinese participation in peace operations in Africa is a significant development in the post-Cold War collective security architecture. An aspect of China's rise and its challenge to the liberal global order is its contribution to post-conflict peacekeeping, peacebuilding, and peace-making in Africa, areas that have been dominated by the West. The purpose of this article is to bring together literatures that do not usually speak to one another: Chinese discourses on peacebuilding and the debate on the liberal peace in Africa. The subject of this article is the emerging "Chinese peace" discourse. By examining the "Chinese peace" — both its normative content and its on-the-ground participation in a comprehensive liberal peace project — as a part of the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) — this article begins to highlight differences, identify tensions, and recognize complementarities between the dominant liberal and the emergent Chinese approach to peacebuilding.

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12

VINES, ALEX. "A decade of African Peace and Security Architecture." International Affairs 89, no. 1 (January 2013): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12006.

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13

Engel, Ulf. "The African Union, the African Peace and Security Architecture, and Maritime Security." African Security 7, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2014.939889.

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14

Atuobi, Samuel, and Kwesi Aning. "Responsibility to Protect in Africa: An analysis of the African Union's Peace and Security architecture." Global Responsibility to Protect 1, no. 1 (2009): 90–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187598409x405505.

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15

Williams, Paul D. "Reflections on the Evolving African Peace and Security Architecture." African Security 7, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2014.939886.

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16

Brosig, Malte. "The African Peace and Security Architecture and its partners." African Security Review 23, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2014.922108.

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17

Berhe, Mulugeta Gebrehiwot. "The Norms and Structures for African Peace Efforts: The African Peace and Security Architecture." International Peacekeeping 24, no. 4 (July 4, 2017): 661–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2017.1346475.

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18

SIDOROV, A. S. "THE AFRICAN PEACE AND SECURITY ARCHITECTURE AND THE SAHEL CONFLICT." RUSSIA AND THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD, no. 3 (2020): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rsm/2020.03.11.

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19

Kabage, Robert Gichangi. "Institutional capabilities of African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) Framework." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2019): p92106. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.9.08.2019.p92106.

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20

Engel, Ulf, and João Gomes Porto. "The African Union's New Peace and Security Architecture: Toward an Evolving Security Regime?" African Security 2, no. 2-3 (November 30, 2009): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19362200903359774.

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21

Dires Gardachew, Bewuketu. "African peace and security architecture in the context of African solutions to African problems." African Renaissance 17, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2516-5305/2020/17n4a2.

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22

Musoma, Albert Lusiola. "Military Diplomacy Strategies Applied by AMISOM in Restoration of Peace and Security in the Horn of Africa." African Journal of Empirical Research 2, no. 1 (February 11, 2021): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajer.v2i1.5.

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Somalia has a long history of internally inspired terror mainly arising from the threat of terrorism that has threatened both domestic and international interests and has drawn increased military efforts from both African continent partners and China and the United States. The aim to investigate the strategies applied by AMISOM in military diplomacy in the Horn of Africa. The study adopted an exploratory and mixed methods research design. Mixed methods approach allows for investigation of a broader and complex research problem enabling the researcher to utilize more than one approach, both quantitative and qualitative approach of data collection. The study target population entailed AMISOM staff who relevant respondents provided sufficient information to answer the research questions. Currently, AMISOM has 22,000 military troops, 234 police officers and 81 civilians. Moreover, the study equally targeted the Somali civilian population since they were important stakeholders in providing information on the effectiveness of military diplomacy in the country. Thus, the target population comprised 22,315 AMISOM staff and civilian contingent. Out of these, the study sampled 100. Primary data was collected from study respondents by means of a research questionnaire and an interview schedule. The data analysis process involved both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Content analysis was mainly used to analyse the qualitative data and which would be reported normatively. Quantitative research findings were analysed and reported using descriptive statistics, tables, graphs, charts and inferential statistics in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v23). Moreover, the data analysis was structured objectively to address each of the study research questions. This study suffices to demonstrate that AMISOM involvement in Somalia as an act of military diplomacy occasioned by the need to foster peace and regional stability on the horn of Africa region. The study demonstrated AMISOM employs different military diplomacy strategies although at different capacities. From the foregoing, the study points to the need for restructuring of AMISOM’s peace and security architecture to bring out focus and responsiveness to the dynamic nature of the conflict and the enemy. The study recommends the need for further exploration into military diplomacy in Africa, especially given the dearth in empirical literature that is mainly from the West. Following this exploration of the role of military diplomacy in restoring peace and security in the horn of Africa, this study points to research gaps on the influence of civilian component in military diplomacy efforts on peace and security. Further there is need to understand the psychological effects in AMISOM troops participating in military diplomacy efforts in Somalia.

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23

Engel, Ulf, and João Gomes Porto. "Imagining, Implementing, and Integrating the African Peace and Security Architecture: The African Union’s Challenges." African Security 7, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2014.945379.

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Tieku, Obi, and Scorgie-Porter. "The African Peace and Security Architecture: Introduction to the Special Issue." African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review 4, no. 2 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.4.2.1.

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van Nieuwkerk, Anthoni. "The regional roots of the African peace and security architecture: exploring centre–periphery relations." South African Journal of International Affairs 18, no. 2 (August 2011): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2011.588824.

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26

Jalloh, Charles Chernor. "Regionalizing International Criminal Law?" International Criminal Law Review 9, no. 3 (2009): 445–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181209x457956.

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AbstractThis article examines the initially cooperative but increasingly tense relationship between the International Criminal Court (ICC) and Africa. It assesses the various legal and political reasons for the mounting criticisms of the ICC by African governments, especially within the African Union (AU), following the indictment of incumbent Sudanese President Omar Hassan Al Bashir. The author situates the ICC within broader African efforts to establish more peaceful societies through the continent-wide AU. He submits that the ICC, by prosecuting architects of serious international crimes in Africa's numerous conflicts, could contribute significantly to the continent's fledgling peace and security architecture which aims to prevent, manage and resolve conflicts and to anticipate and avert crimes against humanity. On the other hand, the author suggests that the ICC also has much to gain from Africa, especially in these early years when it is seeking to become a functional court of law with global legitimacy. By undertaking independent, fair and credible prosecutions without alienating States Parties, the world criminal court is more likely to fulfill its mandate and to win over powerful hold outs, such as the United States, China, and India. This will help it co-opt the support necessary for its universal reach and future success. However, he cautions that given Africa's sensitive historical experience with foreign interventions, including the slave trade and colonialism, the international criminal justice regime anchored on the ICC may be undermined, or perhaps even falter, if it is perceived as having a biased, politicized or insensitive application to a single region of the world.

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Desmidt, Sophie. "Conflict management and prevention under the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) of the African Union." Africa Journal of Management 5, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23322373.2018.1563465.

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28

Tlałka, Krzysztof. "Between high hopes and moderate results – a decade of the African Peace and Security Architecture." Politeja 13, no. 42 (2016): 309–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.13.2016.42.18.

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29

Hogan, John J. "Competing Architects: Applying Social Contextualist Analysis to Negotiations on the African Peace and Security Architecture." African Security 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2020.1710915.

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Dersso, Solomon A. "The adequacy of the African Peace and Security Architecture to deal with serious democratic deficits." African Security Review 21, no. 3 (September 2012): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2012.660491.

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Brubacher, Matthew, Erin Kimball Damman, and Christopher Day. "The AU Task Forces: an African response to transnational armed groups." Journal of Modern African Studies 55, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 275–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x17000040.

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ABSTRACTThis article examines the Task Forces created by the African Union (AU) to address the security threats posed by Boko Haram and the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA). It argues that these Task Forces are well suited to address transnational armed groups whose ambiguous political goals and extreme violence make traditional conflict resolution ineffective. Although the Task Forces fall within the AU's collective security mandate and broadly within the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA), their distinct characteristics make it more capable of addressing these new cross-border threats. Their reliance on nationally funded and directed militaries also allow the Task Forces to fulfil both the goals of the AU and the interests of the regimes that take leadership roles within these structures.

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Oriola, Temitope B., and W. Andy Knight. "The African Peace and Security Architecture, Non-science of Electoral Prophetism, Farmer-herder Conflicts, and Ungoverned Spaces." African Security 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2020.1745373.

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Minja, Rasul Ahmed. "Book Review: International Relations: Crafting an African Security Architecture: Addressing Regional Peace and Conflict in the 21st Century." Political Studies Review 10, no. 2 (April 4, 2012): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-9302.2012.00262_2.x.

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Nte, Timothy. "THE 2019 SUDAN COUP AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION BY THE AFRICAN UNION." International Journal of Comparative Studies in International Relations and Development 6, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijcsird.v6.i1.01.

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The intervention of the African Union (AU) in the 2019 coup and post-coup crisis of Sudan is the focal point of this study. The objective of the study is to evaluate the peaceful resolution of the 2019 coup and post-coup crisis in Sudan by the African Union. The research questions of the study are: What is the background of the 2019 Sudan Coup? What role did the Forces of Freedom and Change play in the 2019 coup and post-coup crisis of Sudan? How effective is the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) with respect to its mandate to intervene in member states. What are the methods used by the AU as it intervened in the 2019 coup and post-coup crisis in Sudan? The study is guided by the theoretical framework of Collective Security theory with major proponents such as Cardinal Richelieu Immanuel Kant, Woodrow Wilson etc. The study concludes that the prominent role played by the AU in the coup and post-coup crisis in Sudan is highly commendable but the lessons drawn there from can enhance future operations. The study recommends that the military capacity of the African Standby Force should be invigorated with adequate manpower and firepower to effectively carry out peace enforcement operations. Also the AU should draw a template and procedure for interface with the regional organisation of the state engulfed in conflict or crisis that the APSA is to mediate to avoid disjointed and uncoordinated mediation. The qualitative research methodology was adopted for the study.

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Williams, Paul. "The "Responsibility to Protect", Norm Localisation, and African International Society." Global Responsibility to Protect 1, no. 3 (2009): 392–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187598409x450820.

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AbstractFor its advocates, the 'responsibility to protect' (R2P) principle is clearly intended to be a universal concept, applicable equally to all parts of the globe. Yet recent literature examining the processes of norm diffusion in international relations has suggested that so-called universal norms do not automatically become embedded in different regions of the world and hence commitment to them varies depending on the local context. This article explores this issue with reference to how members of African international society have thought about the R2P idea. To do so it proceeds in two parts. The first summarises what I mean by African international society and the process of norm localization. In the second, I explore the current status of the R2P idea within the African society of states with reference to six illustrative episodes. These concern: 1) the building of Africa's new peace and security architecture; 2) the debate surrounding the adoption of the 2005 World Summit Outcome Document; 3) UN Security Council debates about the protection of civilians in armed conflict; 4) the African Union's response to the conflict in Darfur, Sudan; 5) the UN Secretary-General's appointment of a special adviser on R2P; and 6) African international society's response to the crisis in Zimbabwe. I conclude by reflecting upon what these episodes reveal about the current status of the R2P within African international society and the extent to which different camps are emerging that articulate different local positions on, and express varying degrees of skepticism about, the protection principle.

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Almeida, Eugénio Costa. "Luís Bernardino. Angola in the African Peace and Security Architecture: The Strategic Role of the Angolan Armed Forces. Lisboa: Mercado das Letras. 2017. 543 pp." Cadernos de Estudos Africanos, no. 36 (December 1, 2018): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/cea.3473.

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HOUNGNIKPO, MATHURIN C. "Crafting an African Security Architecture: addressing regional peace and conflict in the twenty-first century edited by Hany Besada Farnham: Ashgate, 2010. Pp. 250, $99.95 (hbk)." Journal of Modern African Studies 49, no. 3 (August 5, 2011): 500–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x11000310.

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Stoicescu, Maria-Ruxandra. "Hany Besada (ed.) (2010). Crafting an African Security Architecture: Addressing Regional Peace and Conflict in the 21st Century. Farnham: Ashgate, ISBN 978-1-4094-0325-8, 250 pp., UK£ 55.00." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 6, no. 3-4 (March 21, 2011): 462–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119111x590565.

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Hendricks, Cheryl. "Women, peace and security in Africa." African Security Review 24, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2015.1099759.

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40

CILLIERS, JAKKIE. "CONSOLIDATING PEACE AND SECURITY IN AFRICA." African Security Review 13, no. 4 (January 2004): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2004.9627324.

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KINGEBIEL, STEPHAN. "AFRICA'S NEW PEACE AND SECURITY ARCHITECTURE." African Security Review 14, no. 2 (January 2005): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2005.9627350.

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42

Boyd, J. Barron, Harvey Glickman, and Peter Vanneman. "Toward Peace and Security in Southern Africa." African Studies Review 35, no. 2 (September 1992): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524897.

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43

Gutteridge, William. "Southern Africa: prospects for peace and security." International Affairs 64, no. 2 (1988): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621912.

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44

Freeman, Linda, and Harvey Glickman. "Toward Peace and Security in Southern Africa." International Journal 46, no. 3 (1991): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40202905.

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45

Freeman, Linda. "Review: Regional Security: Toward Peace and Security in Southern Africa." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 46, no. 3 (September 1991): 570–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070209104600311.

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46

Hentz, James J. "Africa's New Peace and Security Architecture: Promoting Norms, Institutionalizing Solutions. Edited by Ulf Engel and João Gomes Porto. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2010. 200p. $99.95 cloth. - Security Cooperation in Africa: A Reappraisal. By Benedikt Franke. Boulder, CO: First Forum, 2009. 332p. $75.00 cloth. - The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996–2006. By Filip Reyntjens. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 340p. $99.00 cloth, $28.99 paper." Perspectives on Politics 9, no. 1 (March 2011): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592710004147.

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Peter, Timothy K., Mercelline N. Waswa, and Antone O. Oloo. "CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE SECURITY AND PEACE IN AFRICA." Journal of Security Studies and Global Politics 3, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.33865/jssgp.003.02.0143.

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Abstract:

A global crisis that has left continents and countries wage a lingering battle to their recession as they put up an enspirited battle to form a concerted approach to solve the puzzle. This global phenomenon has formed a base of linking it to a number of security insurgence that seems to affect their development hence developing their own ingenuity to survive. This study will look forward to unravel the puzzle of unemployment in relation to insecurity in Kenya. The study will be guided by the following objectives: To examine the alternatives that the government has put in place to curb unemployment, to evaluate the social contract in addressing the job challenges looms and lastly to respond to the increasing demands of security insurgence. The study will be informed and directed by an interdisciplinary approach by use of the Second Law of thermodynamics in explaining the cause and effect in the looming job challenges called Law of Entropy. The study found out that institutional decay (through nepotism), education (inclusive growth), Governance (governments and accruing economic strife) are some of the key components to the unemployment puzzle towards insecurity and sustainable peace

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Berhe, Mulugeta Gebrehiwot, and Alex de Waal. "Peace missions and the security sector in Africa." African Security Review 26, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2017.1303074.

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Lucey, Amanda. "Implementing the Peace, Security and Development Nexus in Africa." Strategic Analysis 39, no. 5 (August 5, 2015): 500–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2015.1069970.

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Vines, Alex. "South Africa's politics of peace and security in Africa." South African Journal of International Affairs 17, no. 1 (April 2010): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10220461003763841.

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