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1
Mahonye, Nyasha, Kwaramba Marko, and Coulibaly Amina. "Institutions, credit markets and development in Sub-Saharan Africa." Banks and Bank Systems 11, no. 4 (December 22, 2016): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.11(4-1).2016.08.
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This paper reviews the evidence on the impact of institutions and credit market on development outcomes. The study uses panel data techniques and the data is from 1995 to 2013. The results shows that the better the institutions, the higher the credit extension to the private sector and higher the level of economic development. This applies also to credit market. If credit market functions well, development is bound to increase. This has important implications for policy in Africa. Governments should aim to improve their institutions to increase the economic development of their countries. Also, improvement in markets, especially, credit access will increase development. Keywords: institutions, credit market, fixed effects, development and Africa. JEL Classification: E5, C23, O16, G1, G21
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Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés, and Sylvia A. R. Tijmstra. "Local Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 25, no. 4 (August 2007): 516–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c5p.
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It has often been argued that Africa in general, and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in particular, is ‘different’ and that it therefore requires ‘exceptional’ solutions to its development problems. In contrast, in this paper we argue that strong internal heterogeneity combined with general trends similar to those experienced elsewhere in the world make local economic development (LED) as likely to succeed in SSA as in other low- and middle-income countries. The likelihood of success depends mostly on place-specific conditions. Many of the most prosperous parts of the continent already have the basic enabling conditions for the design and implementation of LED strategies in place. Less favourable resource endowments, poor accessibility, and relatively weak civil societies can undermine the viability of LED outside the wealthier and most prosperous areas. In smaller urban areas and intermediate regions and city-regions, which lack only a few of the basic preconditions for LED, further capacity building may still enable the success of the approach. In contrast, LED may not be relevant for the poorest and most remote parts of SSA, where existing conditions do not provide a strong enough base on which to build LED strategies.
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Tomala, Justyna, Mateusz Mierzejewski, Maria Urbaniec, and Sergio Martinez. "Towards Sustainable Energy Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 6037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196037.
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Sub-Saharan Africa is considered a region with enormous economic and demographic potential. One of the main challenges it faces, included in the “Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want, implemented by the African Union”, is to provide access to electricity. Currently, 600 million inhabitants of the African continent do not have access to electricity, which is a significant limiting factor for further economic growth and socio-economic development. Moreover, the measures taken by individual Sub-Saharan African countries appear insufficient in the face of rapid population growth. The aim of the article is to analyse the opportunities and challenges of the development of Sub-Saharan Africa’s energy sector. This raises the following research question: to what extent can a sustainable energy transition be achieved in sub-Saharan African countries to ensure access to electricity? The study used Ward’s hierarchical clustering method, classification and regression tree analysis, and the distance-weighted least squares method. The results show that the level of development of the energy sector in the individual countries of Sub-Saharan Africa varies greatly. Moreover, the Sub-Saharan African region is exposed to the effects of climate change, which also affects the development of the energy sector and whether or not access to electricity can be ensured. The study contributes to assessments of the adaptive capacity and transformative potential of the energy sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. This is particularly important for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 7, which relates to building more robust and efficient systems, as well as implementing diversified energy sources. This research is crucial to bridge the energy access gap and build a resilient and sustainable economy in Sub-Saharan Africa countries.
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Bosker, Maarten, and Harry Garretsen. "Economic Geography and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa." World Bank Economic Review 26, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 443–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhs001.
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de Haan, Leo J. "Perspectives on African Studies and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa." Africa Spectrum 45, no. 1 (April 2010): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971004500104.
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In this farewell lecture on the occasion of his departure as Professor of Development in sub-Saharan Africa at Leiden University and Director of the African Studies Centre (ASC), Leiden, the author starts with the vuvuzela issue as an illustration of the lack of confidence the world has in South Africa organizing and running the World Cup smoothly. He takes that as a sign that there still exists a stereotype of African incompetence, despite the social and economic progress Africa has witnessed in the last decade. He does not want to argue that African Studies have not been able to offset such a stereotype. What he tries to show is that it is not clear from the wealth of actor-oriented research in African Studies what the main social, political and economic trends in Africa are. He argues that actor-oriented research in African Studies should try to increase its relevance by contributing—through meta-analyses and comparative research—to the discussion on social, political and economic trends in Africa. Special attention should be paid to the possible rise of the developmental state in Africa. In doing so, African Studies may also substantiate its claim that it is able to challenge the universal pretensions of mainstream social science.
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Calderon, C., and L. Serven. "Infrastructure and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of African Economies 19, Supplement 1 (January 1, 2010): i13—i87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejp022.
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Asongu, Simplice, and Joseph Nnanna. "Inclusive human development in sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 14, no. 2 (April 17, 2020): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-11-2019-0115.
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Purpose This study aims to assess the role of income levels (low and middle) in modulating governance (political and economic) to influence inclusive human development. Design/methodology/approach The empirical evidence is based on interactive quantile regressions and 49 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000-2002. Findings The following main findings are established. Firstly, low income modulates governance (economic and political) to positively affect inclusive human development exclusively in countries with above-median levels of inclusive human development. It follows that countries with averagely higher levels of inclusive human development are more likely to benefit from the relevance of income levels in influencing governance for inclusive development. Secondly, the importance of middle income in modulating political governance to positively affect inclusive human development is apparent exclusively in the median while the relevance of middle income in moderating economic governance to positively influence inclusive human development is significantly apparent in the 10th and 75th quantiles. Thirdly, regardless of panels, income levels modulate economic governance to affect inclusive human development at a higher magnitude, compared to political governance. Policy implications are discussed in light of the post-2015 agenda of sustainable development goals and contemporary development paradigms. Originality/value This study complements the extant sparse literature on inclusive human development in Africa.
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Mbaku, John Mukum. "Political Instability and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Further Evidence." Review of Black Political Economy 20, no. 4 (June 1992): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02696979.
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After more than three decades of independence, many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have not yet developed stable political systems. Since the 1960s, when African countries began to achieve independence, many of them have encountered significant levels of institutional instability. In recent years, political violence has emerged as the most common method of governmental change. In this study, the effects of political violence on economic and human development in Sub-Saharan Africa are examined. It is seen that political instability is a significant constraint to the improvement of the human condition in the region.
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Adom, A. Désiré. "Trade and Manufacturing in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics 9, no. 3 (April 30, 2020): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31270/ijame/v09/i03/2020/9.
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Trade and manufacturing have gained momentum in economic debates across Africa as of late. In particular, this study attempts to shed light on the impact of trade openness on manufacturing in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using a dual comparative approach made of vector auto-regression (VAR) and general method of moments (GMM) applied to 36 countries, results indicate that trade openness impedes the development of manufacturing. The negative effect of trade openness, which remains very limited in scope notwithstanding, underscores an essential feature regarding the entire manufacturing sector in SSA. Indeed, the idiosyncrasies of this sector – namely, underdevelopment, nascent industries and lack of diversification, among others − severely undermine the resilience of countries in SSA as they face heightened international competition. Keywords: Trade openness, Manufacturing, Sub-Sahara Africa, Vector auto regression. JEL Classification: F14, F41, F60
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Andrianarimanana, Mihasina Harinaivo, and Pu Yongjian. "Importance of the Improvement in the Agricultural Technology of Sub-Saharan Africa on Local Economic Development and International Trade." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052555.
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This study assesses the impacts of technological innovation in Sub-Saharan African agriculture on local and global economies. Using the Eaton–Kortum model, with θ = 4.0875, the results show that comparative advantage’s positive impact on agricultural trade more than offsets the negative impacts of geography barriers. Sub-Saharan Africa is among the least competitive region with respect to agriculture production. This is due to its low value of the technology parameter, about 0.16 compared to the North American’s one (93.23). We found that increasing the technology of a country in Sub-Saharan Africa would increase world trade volume within the range of 0.02 to 0.19%. It would increase the local agricultural monthly wage and the welfare of farmers in the Sub-Saharan African region. Therefore, to improve technology in the Sub-Saharan African region, policymakers need to attract foreign direct investment by making incentives and increasing labor skills. This study adds to the literature by determining the contribution of the agricultural sector in Sub-Saharan Africa in global economic development through international trade. It also informs policies on the reduction of poverty and food insecurity around the world in order to achieve some of the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Fosu, Augustin Kwasi. "Capital instability and economic growth in Sub‐Saharan Africa." Journal of Development Studies 28, no. 1 (October 1991): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220389108422223.
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Kommegni Fongang, Joaddan Prisca. "Forced Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 19, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-2-264-273.
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Migration is an important issue in modern international relations. This article discusses the characteristics of forced migration in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Africa is a continent where migration has many species and actively influences the political situation in the countries of the continent. Migration in Africa is caused both by internal problems of the countries (political instability, famine, massacres, military conflicts, disturbance of public order, human rights violations) and external factors. All of these factors provoke mass population movements, forming new configurations of migration processes. At the same time, the fact that most of the migrants, moving to new places of residence, remain on the African continent is often ignored. Frequent causes of migration in Africa are economic factors: imbalances and uneven development, lack of employment opportunities, bad living conditions and low wages. At the same time, people migrate to Africa not only to improve their well-being. Military conflicts, threats to life or human rights violations are extremely common causes of forced migration in Africa. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2018), more than 80 million Africans emigrated, leaving their country to settle permanently in another. The relevance of the article is due to the increase of forced migration volume in the SSA countries in 2000-2018 and the need to understand the reasons for this process. This article discusses forced migration in SSA countries. Based on the analysis, the main causes of forced migration in the SSA countries are identified, including political instability, famine, military conflicts, human rights violations, deterioration of socioeconomic conditions and the environmental problems in the countries of the region.
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Bezemer, Dirk, Jutta Bolt, and Robert Lensink. "Slavery, Statehood, and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa." World Development 57 (May 2014): 148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.12.004.
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Njoh, Ambe J. "Transportation Infrastructure and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa." Public Works Management & Policy 4, no. 4 (April 2000): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x0044003.
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Blakeney, Michael, and Getachew Mengistie. "Intellectual Property and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of World Intellectual Property 14, no. 3-4 (April 14, 2011): 238–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2011.00417.x.
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Seguino, S., and M. Were. "Gender, Development and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of African Economies 23, suppl 1 (January 1, 2014): i18—i61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejt024.
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Snyder, Brian. "Climate Justice and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa." South Central Review 37, no. 2-3 (2020): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scr.2020.0015.
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GADZEY, ANTHONY TUO-KOFI. "The State and Capitalist Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa." Comparative Political Studies 24, no. 4 (January 1992): 455–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414092024004003.
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Declining performance of the postcolonial African states suggest the inefficiency of centralization and or socialist strategy that currently dominates the region. The solution, however, is not a return to the largely unrestrained liberal economic models of the 1960s, such as import substitution industrialization or commodity export specialization. Whether from the left or right, the inability of all three models to define precise development roles for Africa state elites suggest their insensitivity to and inadequacy for the needs of these politically dynamic young states of Africa. An alternative model presented in this article would involve state elites in grass roots capitalist development. The model fosters decentralization and economic development without sacrificing rule legitimization and national integration as equal objectives. In many respects, the model is an attempt to adapt to African realities the norms of embedded liberalism that properly describe current Western liberalism.
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Bello, Mukhtar. "Renewable Energy for Sustainable Socio-Economic Development in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Sub-Saharan Africa." Advanced Materials Research 1116 (July 2015): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1116.33.
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Worldwide, developing countries struggle to overcome numerous problems that constrain their socio-economic development. Sub-Saharan African countries represent a good example of developing countries with serious developmental challenges. Thus, this chapter presents a critical analysis on the socio-economic situation in Sub-Saharan Africa and the links between limited access to modern energy services and the prevailing socio-economic circumstance. It discusses the expected roles of renewable energy technologies in increasing energy access in the region and highlights important factors that influence extensive deployment of renewable energy technologies for sustainable development. Reliable statistical data on both the Human Development Index (HDI) and Energy Development Index (EDI) rankings indicate that most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa lie far below the world average and as a region, Sub-Saharan Africa scores least. There is high level of poverty and inadequate social services, which is attributed to acute shortage of modern energy services. In Sub-Saharan Africa, over 70% of the population lack reliable access to electricity and modern cooking fuels, which represents a large proportion of the „energy poor‟ in the world. Lack of access to modern energy services limits economic and agricultural opportunities, negatively affects the environment, promotes gender inequality and constrains delivery of social services such as health care delivery system and education. Thus, one of the biggest developmental challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa is to find effective and pragmatic solutions for increasing energy access. Sub-Saharan Africa is richly endowed with renewable energy resources such as biomass, wind, solar, hydropower and geothermal, which largely remain unexploited. The renewable energy resources are widely available throughout the region unlike the conventional fossil-based resources, that is, coal, oil and gas, which are concentrated within very few countries. Therefore, the renewable energy resources if properly and fully utilized can provide clean, affordable and reliable energy services that will promote socio-economic activities and support sustainable development.
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Boserup, Ester. "Economic and Demographic Interrelationships in sub-Saharan Africa." Population and Development Review 11, no. 3 (September 1985): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1973245.
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Podbiralina, G. V., and J. C. Asiagba. "Factors of Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current Trends." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 5 (December 3, 2018): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-5-38-54.
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Despite the fact that the African continent is positioned as one of the fastest growing economies in the world (especially the sub-region of sub-Saharan Africa), the lack of industrialization and the use of modern technologies continues to be a brake on the development of the economies of African countries, which largely depend on agriculture and exports of raw goods that have a relatively low added value and account for more than 80% of their exports. This has a negative impact not only on the economic development of the region, but also on per capita incomes of the population. This article assesses the existing economic potential of African countries, which is one of the most important factors for overcoming economic backwardness, achieving the goals of sustainable development, raising the standard of living of the population and changing the status of SSA countries in the world economic system. It is shown that it is important for African states to attract new technologies and innovative products to the industrial and agricultural sectors, since knowledge and innovations are the locomotive of economic growth and are one of the most important factors in the reconstruction and modernization of their economies.
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NGWAKWE COLLINS, C. "Gender equality and extreme poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa." Demography and social economy, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dse2020.04.056.
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This article assesses the link between the four pillars of gender equality and extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Accordingly, the objective of the paper is to empirically examine whether the four pillars of gender equality, namely women’s health, women education, political participation of women and economic participation facilitate extreme poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa. Data were collected from the World Bank development indicators and World Economic Forum Global Gender Gap Index for 25 sub-Saharan African countries whose data appear on both indexes for three years into the SDGs era. Th e paper applied a quantitative approach with secondary data on poverty gap index drawn from the World Economic Forum Poverty Gap Index for sub-Saharan Africa. Data for twenty-fi ve sub-Saharan African countries were analysed using the fi xed-eff ect panel data regression approach using the Hauseman model selection test. Findings from the analysis indicate that, ceteris paribus, an increase in the threegender equity variables namely economic participation of women, education of women and political participation and leadership of women in sub-Saharan Africa has a signifi cant potential to reduce extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa within the sample of study. Since the fi ndings of this study have shown that extreme poverty can be reduced through increased women participation in economic activity, education and leadership, the SDG of poverty alleviation can be improved in sub-Saharan Africa through better government provision of economic, educational and leadership opportunities for women such as providing women with free-interest small business start-up funds, free education for women and supporting women to ascend and survive in political and leadership positions in sub-Saharan Africa through a balanced quota for female leadership positions. Given that the women’s health variable did not prove to be signifi cant on extreme poverty, further research is recommended to separate the health variable into rural health and urban health variables in order to examine the possibility that either of the health clusters might contribute signifi cantly to reducing extreme poverty. Th is paper contributes to existing literature by providing an empirical evidence to show that gender equality in sub-Saharan Africa is a viable policy strategy for achieving the SDGs 2030 Agenda of extreme poverty eradication in sub-Saharan Africa; the paper also provides empirical model for future study.
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Świerczyńska, Katarzyna. "Structural transformation and economic development in the best performing sub-Saharan African states." Equilibrium 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 547–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.v12i4.29.
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Research background: Economic development in sub-Saharan Africa is of paramount importance, yet it escapes most of the attempts to understand it better in the economic dis-course, and it remains a sensitive issue in politics, contradicting stakeholders at national and international levels. The region still lags behind others in terms of technological advancement and economic development. It has grown significantly in the precedent decade, but the extent of growth has not sufficiently translated to its development. Determining strategies for sub-Saharan Africa is a scientific challenge, which requires more attention. In the globalized, interconnected reality, solving problems of the South is in the best interest of the North.
Purpose of the article: The aim of this research is to analyze structural changes as factors of economic development in the best performing sub-Saharan African countries on the grounds of new structural economics in order to provide policy implications. Methods: Namibia, Botswana, South Africa and Gabon were selected as best performing economies in the region. Based on the literature review and the analysis of descriptive statis-tics, profiles of sample countries were set. This in turn allowed to determine the potential explanatory variables for OLS model of economic development. In the model, factors relating to labour productivity, technology and structural change were included. The data was sourced from WDI (World Development Indicators) database, Gretl software was used for computations.
Findings & Value added: This paper contributes to the literature by attempting to explain structural changes in the process of economic development in the sub-Saharan region on the sample of best performing states. The paradigm of new structural economics provided theo-retical grounds for empirical analysis. Based on the results, policy implications were proposed with respect to technology promotion, natural resources management, and quality of institutions. The research was limited by data availability and reliability.
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Owoeye, Olasupo. "Access to energy in Sub-Saharan Africa." Environmental Law Review 18, no. 4 (December 2016): 284–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461452916678521.
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Energy access is fundamental to the full enjoyment of not only economic and social rights but also civil and political rights. Whilst the campaign for extending energy access to the world’s most vulnerable populations may be validly anchored on the need to mitigate climate change and promote sustainability, it is exigent to also underscore its human rights significance. In Africa, where most countries have weak environmental regulation and enforcement structures, the climate change and sustainable development rhetoric most commonly used in emphasising the importance of energy access may not yield the desired results. Access to energy is a major issue in Africa and South Asia where a very significant proportion of their populations make use of biomass-sourced fuels to meet most of their energy needs. This has come with some major attendant health, environmental and socio-economic consequences. This article argues that energy access has transcended the contours of climate change and has become a human rights issue. It posits that African Union states may be made to take progressive measures to provide modern energy services through the adjudicatory jurisdiction of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights.
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Smutka, Luboš, and Karel Tomšík. "Selected aspects of GDP value and structure development in sub-Saharan Africa." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 7 (2011): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159070347.
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Africa belongs to the poorest regions of the world. This statement may be applied especially to its sub-Saharan part. The paper analyses some basic structural characteristics related to the economic development of sub-Saharan region. The article reveals existing differences between countries and regions of sub-Saharan Africa and analyses key problems which influence economic development of individual states. An emphasis is placed on analysing an unsuitable GDP structure and on external economic relations which affect this structure. Results of an investigation show that the GDP of sub-Saharan countries is to a large extend generated by the primary sector of their economies, which is dominant in the total GDP value and its position is continuously strengthening due to a high dynamics of its growth. Having regard to the external environment, there can be stated that the foreign trade has contributed to the GDP growth of the whole region only to a limited degree (this does not apply to all countries seen as individuals). The integration process in sub-Saharan Africa may be characterized as questionable. Many integration groupings are operating in the region, but their influence on economic growth is limited due a low potential for mutual cooperation based on specialisation and use of comparative advantages. The economies of sub-Saharan countries are very sensitive to changes in their external economic environment. In this regard, there is important to highlight the very strong sensitivity of the GDP in the sub-Saharan region in relation to the World GDP (mainly to European and US GDP because both regions belong to the most important trading partners of Africa as a whole).
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Adegboye, Folasade Bosede, Olumide Sunday Adesina, Felicia Omowunmi Olokoyo, Stephen Aanu Ojeka, and Victoria Abosede Akinjare. "The Impact of Trade Openness and Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Welfare in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p389.
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The sub-Saharan African region is characterized by a high relative degree of openness to trade. The region is also identified with increased inflows of foreign investments with no significant welfare improvement. Economic development emphasizes that the lack of domestic investment in the developing economies could be boosted by trade openness and inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for impactful enhancement of capital formation. In this article, the impact of trade openness and foreign capital inflow on economic welfare was examined on a sub-regional analysis for sub-Saharan Africa. The study also appraised the effect of openness to trade and FDI inflow on the region's economic welfare. The data for 30 countries from 2000 to 2018 were collected and analyzed, with the Generalized Least Square (GLS) technique to fit the model developed. The study showed that openness to trade has a significant impact on economic welfare for all sub-Saharan Africa regions, while FDI is only significant for the Western sub-region. Hence, the study recommends that the government of the countries in the sub-Saharan Africa region should boost trade openness to enhance efficiency in productivity, and improve industrial development.
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Sen, Kunal, and Dirk Willem Te Velde. "State Business Relations and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Development Studies 45, no. 8 (September 2009): 1267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220380902863307.
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Gyimah-Brempong, Kwabena. "Export Instability and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa." Economic Development and Cultural Change 39, no. 4 (July 1991): 815–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/451909.
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Robson, Peter. "Regional Integration and the Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 4 (December 1985): 603–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00054999.
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The appalling experience of most African countries has led many observers to conclude that the continent has now reached a critical stage in its development, and that a political, social, and economic ‘nightmare’ by the turn of the century cannot be ruled out.1 One pessimistic scenario suggests that even with fundamental improvements in domestic economic management, up to four-fifths of Africa's population in 1995 will be below the poverty line compared with three-fifths today.2 This is the context in which African leaders enunciated new development priorities in their 1980 Lagos Plan of Action, notably greater self-reliance and industrialisation geared to domestic markets. Outside the continent, a growing concern with dismal African prospects has generated two action programmes by the World Bank,3 while new guidelines have recently been produced in the European Community for supporting African development.4 Without exception, all of these appraisals see a major role for regional co-operation and economic integration.
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Hope, Kempe Ronald. "Development Solutions for Africa: The Need for Policy Reform and Good Governance." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 25, no. 1 (1997): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700502509.
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With few exceptions, economic development in the African states has generally been elusive and the people in sub-Saharan Africa remain among the poorest in the world. From 1970 to 1990, GDP per capita in sub-Saharan Africa grew in real terms by only US$80 and the region’s aggregate GNP per capita was only US$340 in 1990. In terms of annual percentage change, the region registered a 1.8 percent annual growth from 1970-77, an annual decline of 3.0 percent from 1978-84, and an annual increase of 2.4 percent from 1985-90. However, for the entire period of 1970-90, growth was statistically insignificant. During the period 1980-92 the annual growth rate of GNP per capita in sub-Saharan Africa was recorded as -1.83.
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Irishin, G. "Sub-Saharan Africa in XXIth Century: Opportunities and Risks of Development." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2013): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-7-54-69.
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This publication presents the regular content of the scientific workshop "Modern Development Problems", which takes place in the Center for Development and Modernization Studies at IMEMO RAN. Several key problems are set up and analyzed in the report delivered at the workshop, namely: influence of globalization on social-economic processes in Sub-Saharan Africa, a concept and strategy formulation by the African elite, as well as the role of an African state and regional formations in its realization.
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Lebedeva, E. "Sub-Saharan Africa: Conflicts and Development." World Economy and International Relations, no. 12 (2014): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-12-102-112.
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Political instability is growing in sub-Saharan Africa. The situation has left the Sahelian countries increasingly vulnerable to insecurity resulting from armed conflicts, terrorist activities, illicit trafficking and related organized crime, ecological crisis, «resource» wars and the like. These new global and regional challenges superimposed on traditional factors, provoking conflicts (social polarization, widespread corruption, coupled with the inability of the involved governments to deliver basic services, weak administration and other). At the same time, chronic political instability is a direct result of the lack of institutionalized political dialogue, of national consensus on strategy of national security and, also, because of the continuing unwillingness of the ruling elites to engage in the development of peripheral areas. Crises in Mali and Nigeria have clearly demonstrated the «fragility» of sub-Saharan states in the face of these threats. The scale of problems in the Sahel is so great that the United Nations has proposed a new conceptual and organizational approach to their solution. Nowhere is the development–security nexus more evident than in the Sahel. Major emphasis is placed on integrated and coordinated implementation of measures in the field of security and development in the region and regional and interregional cooperation among Sahelian, West African and Maghreb states. The UN declares a top priority of “partner peacekeeping", which is based on the cooperation of the UN as the main actor with international regional organizations – the EU, AU, ECOWAS, financial institutions and donor countries as well as other bilateral partners. Currently, ensuring a coherent and mutually supportive peacekeeping of the UN and the AU becomes most urgent issue for the organizations, since the relations between them are characterized by mistrust and tension.
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Tomšík, Karel, and Luboš Smutka. "Selected aspects and specifics of the economic development in sub-Saharan Africa." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 2 (2013): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361020517.
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The paper examines the development of economies in the sub-Saharan region. It aims to identify particular development trends specific to the region. That means identifying changes which have occurred in the past five decades in following areas: development of the GDP value and structure, growth in the value of foreign trade, demographic growth, and changes in the value of GDP per capita. The results of the analysis show very constrained economic power of sub-Saharan region. Not only weak economy of the region but also a significant population growth is a problem. Increasing production and trade does not contribute effectively to elimination of high level of poverty and malnutrition which remains a long-term problem of the sub-Saharan region. In real terms, the GDP per capita was growing by less than 1 % in the period 1961–2010. Sub-Saharan region is highly dependent on cooperation with other world regions in its effort to increase economic growth and to improve the economic situation of own population. The GDP growth is thus very sensitive to GDP development in Europe and North America. Concerning the foreign trade, development of sub-Saharan trade is dependent on regions of the Southern and Eastern Asia, and Europe.
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Karshenas, M. "Agriculture and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia." Cambridge Journal of Economics 25, no. 3 (May 1, 2001): 315–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/25.3.315.
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Nwankwo, Sonny, Kazem Chaharbaghi, and Derick Boyd. "Sustainable development in sub‐Saharan Africa." International Journal of Development Issues 8, no. 2 (October 9, 2009): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14468950910997684.
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Kriebitz, Alexander, and Laud Ammah. "Statistical Capacity, Human Rights and FDI in Sub-Saharan Africa Patterns of FDI Attraction in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Management and Sustainability 10, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v10n1p162.
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is commonly perceived as one of the main drivers of technological progress and socio-economic development. At the same time, FDI is often regarded as an instrument of stabilising authoritarian regimes, which disenfranchise the rights of citizens to increase rents generated by foreign firms. Given that both views are accurate, the improvement of human rights and economic development could constitute two conflicting goals. This particularly applies to Sub-Saharan Africa, where a sizeable number of countries are mired in poverty and governed by authoritarian power structures. In evaluating the importance of these soft factors, we examine two important institutional factors of FDI attraction: We address the question of whether human rights violations deter FDI attraction and explore whether FDI depends on the amount of available socio-economic information about the country to be invested in. For the latter, we use a novel variable, namely the Statistical Capacity Figures of the World Bank, which depicts an indicator of effectiveness of the national statistical systems. In order to analyse the relationship between human rights and FDI, we run a regression model covering 41 Sub-Saharan countries covering the years from 2006 to 2015.
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Smutka, Luboš, and Karel Tomšík. "GDP Structure and Economic Performance in Sub-Saharan Countries." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 4 (2014): 729–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462040729.
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Africa belongs to important regions of the world economy with specific problems distinguishing this part of the world from other regions. The region is suffering because of limited economy structure and high level of poverty. Low economic performance ranks most of African countries among the worldwide poorest ones (both from the point of view of total economy performance and also individuals living standards); the development is hindered by political instability and also by other accompanied problems as high level of corruption, deficit of democracy, low level of education, limited investments, criminality, local conflicts, civil wars etc. On the other hand, African natural, economy and social resources and unexploited opportunities in many areas offer a potential for a considerable economic development. Understanding the current economic position of African states thus may reveal causes of problematic development and outline ways to overcome existing shortcomings. The aim of the paper is to analyze main changes in area of GDP structure formation (agricultural, industrial and services sector share in GDP and value performance) which have occurred in selected African (Sub-Saharan) countries. Changes are analyzed both in relation to the total GDP and GDP per capita. The authors identify main trends of economic development in the Sub-Saharan region and to specify differences among Sub-Saharan countries with the intention to identify particular groups of African countries according to their economic structure and to identify differences in their GDP formation.
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Hiagbe, Komi Ahiatroga. "THE CHURCH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 41, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/257.
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The snail-pace of social and economic development within sub-Saharan Africa is of major concern not only to the development community, but to all who have the continent’s well-being at heart. Various attempts (many rather elusive) at diagnosis and prescription of the right antidotes to the problem have been made for decades. This paper, however, shares Jeffrey Sachs’s optimism in End of Poverty with the point of departure being that organised religion holds the key to a reversal of the trend. The paper explores the impact of religious beliefs on the development of some communities in the past and the present before concluding that Christianity could unlock the prospects to sub-Saharan Africa’s economic fortunes. In the view of this researcher, African theological reflections, in response to the challenges of endemic corruption, nepotism, superstition, and bad work ethics on the continent, must be grounded in the language, traditional beliefs, values and practices (i.e. culture) of the people as grounds for integration with the modern scientific and technological advancement that confronts the continent. This underscores the need for Christianity itself to become that culture which is willing to accommodate a consciously reconstructed past as the pathway to a developed future.
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Harttgen, Kenneth, Stephan Klasen, and Sebastian Vollmer. "Economic Growth and Child Undernutrition in sub-Saharan Africa." Population and Development Review 39, no. 3 (September 2013): 397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00609.x.
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Cole, Lawalley. "Creating and Enhancing Capacity in Africa for Efficient Economic and Social Development." Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies 12, no. 4. (May 22, 2019): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/at.2018.12.4.3.
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We estimate that by 2050, one-third of the world’s population will live in Africa: up from about one-fifth in 2012. Such growth will be imbalanced across Africa with Southern and North African countries characterised by slowing or even negative youth population growth, while West Central, and East African countries will experience significant youth population increases. Sub-Saharan Africa will have a considerably higher youth–to-population ratio over the next 35 years. The continent must, therefore, be ready for an increasingly young labour force.
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Ude, Nwoke, Kingsley Ude, Ugonma Ugbor, Chukwuemeka Igwe, and Esomchi Ogu. "E-GOVERNANCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A CASE OF NIGERIA." International Journal of Development Strategies in Humanities, Management and Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijdshmss.v11.i1.07.
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The study examined e-governance and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Nigeria. Secondary data were used for the study. The result indicated high internet use in South Africa (43% to 59%) followed by Senegal (34% to 46%) and then Nigeria (33% to 42%); it showed a positive impact on education, economy, personal relationships, politics and morality in the year 2017. The Internet’s contribution to GDP in Africa varies, ranging from a high of 59% in South Africa to a low of 25% in Tanzania. The West African region had the lowest regional index in the 2020 Survey scoring 0.2209 in 2020 as compared with the world average of 0.4939. Cape Verde (0.4221) continues to lead the region, with Nigeria (0.3491) and Ghana (0.3201) taking the top three spots. With respect to service delivery by stages (percent utilization index), Nigeria scored 9.7 and 0.5 in the implementation of stage 4 and stage 5 of the e-government indicator in 2020, while the ranking for the previous years at this two stages were not better. Nigeria’s infrastructure Index moved up from 0.0492 in 2010 to 0.0792 in 2020. Nigeria’s Human Capital Index also showed an increase from 0.59 in 2010, 0.61 in 2015 and 0.63 in 2020 with her Web Measure Index moving from 0.1303 in 2010 to 0.2241 in 2020. Currently, Nigeria’s e-government readiness index is placed at 0.5053 which shows improvement but strictly in an African context. The study recommended that government play a leading role in developing the ICT infrastructure, this is important for successful e-government implementation in a developing economy.
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Zagrebelnaya, N. S., and V. N. Shitov. "HISTORY OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM FORMATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(48) (June 28, 2016): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-3-48-273-279.
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The article analyses specific historic features of formation of agrarian and industrial sectors of Republic of South Africa since the establishment of Cape Colony. These features resulted from much earlier colonization of South Africa in comparison with other Sub-Saharan African countries on the one hand and from a large-scale influx of Europeans to the South Africa on the other hand. The two most important of these specific features are the following. First. Contrary to other countries of Sub-Saharan Africa development of the agrarian sector of Republic of South Africa was based on private property and western technologies from the start. Second. The sector is not divided into «African» and «European» sub-sectors, and South-African agricultural produce has always been oriented to both: external and internal markets. Development of industrial sector of Republic of South Africa started with creation of extractive industries, namely: extraction of diamonds and of gold. The authors specifically emphasize the role of gold extraction which grace to its effect of multiplicator opened the way for industrial revolution in the South of Africa. Development of manufacturing was mainly based on import-substitution. The article argues that there were several stages of import-substitution and analyses their outcomes. The authors point out to the special importance of import-substitution during the period of I World War and II World War.
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Giordano, Mark. "Agricultural groundwater use in sub-Saharan Africa: What do we know and where should we go?" Water Policy 7, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 613–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0037.
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Relatively little is known about agricultural groundwater use and the agricultural groundwater economy of sub-Saharan Africa. However, available evidence suggests that the region's groundwater resources are substantial and greater in per capita terms than in some of the worlds' largest agricultural groundwater users including India and China. Nonetheless, calculations presented here also indicate that the direct contribution of groundwater to sub-Saharan Africa's agricultural economy is small, both in absolute and relative terms. Plausible explanations for low usage include physical geography, economics and economic policies, and politics. In addition to these real factors, incomplete information almost certainly contributes to an underestimation of agricultural groundwater use. Further, it is likely that “traditional” approaches to groundwater valuation inherently miss some of the key groundwater functions in the sub-Saharan African context, in particular as they relate to livestock production and rainfall variability. While this paper supplies a baseline of information in some respects, much additional research is needed to improve our basic understanding of sub-Saharan Africa's agricultural groundwater use and importance, not only to help researchers and policy makers appreciate the value of the region's groundwater resources but also to provide a meaningful knowledge base on which development plans can be built. That said, the ultimate point of applied research should be to understand both where additional development in sub-Saharan Africa is possible and, equally important, where and why it is not.
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Aker, Jenny C., and Isaac M. Mbiti. "Mobile Phones and Economic Development in Africa." Journal of Economic Perspectives 24, no. 3 (August 1, 2010): 207–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.24.3.207.
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Access to and use of mobile telephony in sub-Saharan Africa has increased dramatically over the past decade. Mobile telephony has brought new possibilities to the continent. Across urban–rural and rich–poor divides, mobile phones connect individuals to individuals, information, markets, and services. These effects can be particularly dramatic in rural Africa, where in many places mobile phones have represented the first modern telecommunications infrastructure of any kind. Mobile phones have greatly reduced communication costs, thereby allowing individuals and firms to send and to obtain information quickly and cheaply on a variety of economic, social, and political topics. An emerging body of research shows that the reduction in communication costs associated with mobile phones has tangible economic benefits, improving agricultural and labor market efficiency and producer and consumer welfare in specific circumstances and countries. This paper first examines the evolution of mobile phone coverage and adoption in sub-Saharan Africa over the past decade. We then explore the main channels through which mobile phones can effect economic outcomes and appraise current evidence of its potential to improve economic development. We conclude with directions for future research and outline the necessary conditions for mobile phones to promote broader economic development in Africa.
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Amalu, Uche C. "Food Security: Sustainable Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 31, no. 3 (September 2002): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101294029.
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Falling world grain stocks, rising grain prices and the poor economic situation of Africa have, since 1995, made food security a major issue. Structural adjustment programmes, the crushing burden of debt, the collapse of commodity prices and mismanagement of national economies have rendered African people even poorer in terms of per capita income and quality of life than they were in the first decade after the attainment of independence. Yet Africa is rich in many ways — for example, in virgin land for agriculture and in mineral resources, including energy. It is rich above all in its people and their determined spirit to face all disasters, natural and man-made. In line with this spirit, Africa is moving ahead on a new consensus that food security through enhanced agricultural production is the continent's most fundamental development issue. Although the economic plans of successive African governments have stressed the goal of food self-sufficiency, the food sector has received little investment or political priority. Africa continues to rely on food aid and food imports, which consume a large part of its meagre export earnings. The increasingly limited capacity to purchase food abroad and the bitter experience of depending on emergency aid are honing a clear determination that Africa must marshal the resources to grow its own food and so release the creative energies of its people to contribute fully to their own development and well-being. Top priority should be given to food security during this process, as no country can consider itself free until it has the wherewithal to provide for the basic needs of its people.
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Qodarsasi, Umi. "Strategic Trade Policy Cina di Negara-Negara Sub-Sahara Afrika." POLITEA 1, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/politea.v1i2.4330.
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<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><strong>The Strategic Trade Policy of China in Sub-Saharan Africa Countries</strong>.<strong> </strong>In the past decade, Sub-Saharan Africa has been transformed into the 'rising continent'. The growth of the Sub-Saharan economy averages 6%. Some countries in Sub-Saharan are included in the most developed countries in the world. Economic growth, abundant natural resources, and a large population become the potential of Sub-Sahara to become a main trading partner for China as a global economic power. To enhance trade cooperation, China formed a Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). Through this forum, China offers a new development model, namely the Beijing consensus by prioritizing the principle of non-interference. This research aimes to find out the strategic trade policy of China to enhance economic benefits from multilateral cooperation. This research applies descriptive qualitative research method with the strategic trade policy as the research analytical framework. This research finds that China applies some of strategic trade policy in Sub Sahara Africa : sectoral targets, Special Economic Zones (SEZs), liberation of foreign investation, and export subsidies.</p><p class="07KatakunciKeywords">Keywords: FOCAC Strategic Trade Policy (STP), Sub-Sahara Afrika</p><p class="07KatakunciKeywords"> </p>
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Fosu, A. K. "Economic Reforms and Restructuring in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview." Journal of African Economics 12, no. 90002 (September 1, 2003): 1ii—11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/12.suppl_2.ii1.
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Fosu, Augustin Kwasi. "Political Instability and Economic Growth: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa." Economic Development and Cultural Change 40, no. 4 (July 1992): 829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/451979.
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Okosun, VA, and JO Ezomo. "Implementation Issues in Rural Development in Sub-Saharan African Countries: Problems and Prospects." AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities 3, no. 2 (June 13, 2014): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijah.v3i2.
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It is a credo amongst scholars cum academics all over the globe that well coordinated and elaborate programmes and policies of rural development mounted by the third world countries in sub-Saharan Africa will lift her entire citizenry from manacle of gross underdevelopment to a region of development in all facets of their economies. The countries in sub-Saharan African have spent trillions of dollars in rural development sector but an overview of the economies of these countries show that the vast population are marooned and encapsulated in gross poverty, ignorance, and underdevelopment. The reason is attributable to poor implementation of rural development policies and programmes coupled with a host of variegated factors. This paper therefore defines the concept of implementation and rural development. The authors of this paper adopt the modernization theory to explicate the work. It discusses the significance of rural development to the economies of Sub-Saharan African countries. The paper also explains how poor implementation of rural development programmes affects these countries. Moreover, it orchestrates the factors/problems that impede rural development drives of various governments in Sub-Saharan African. Furthermore, it elucidates on the prospects of rural development. The paper finally suggests that an effective implementation of rural development programmes in all ramifications is the only vehicle for rapid growth and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Acaravci, Songul Kakilli, Ilhan Ozturk, and Ali Acaravci. "Financial development and economic growth: literature survey and empirical evidence from sub-Saharan African countries." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 12, no. 1 (August 12, 2011): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v12i1.258.
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In this paper we review the literature on the finance-growth nexus and investigate the causality between financial development and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa for the period 1975-2005. Using panel co-integration and panel GMM estimation for causality, the results of the panel co-integration analysis provide evidence of no long-run relationship between financial development and economic growth. The empirical findings in the paper show a bi-directional causal relationship between the growth of real GDP per capita and the domestic credit provided by the banking sector for the panels of 24 Sub-Saharan African countries. The findings imply that African countries can accelerate their economic growth by improving their financial systems and vice versa.