Journal articles: 'Africa USA'

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Rivers, Natasha M. "No Longer Sojourners: The Complexities of Racial Ethnic Identity, Gender, and Generational Outcomes for Sub-Saharan Africans in the USA." International Journal of Population Research 2012 (May 14, 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/973745.

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Through individual and group testimonies from newly arrived, 1.5 and second generation sub-Saharan Africans (For this study sub-Saharan African refers to the countries located under Northern African countries, for example, Egypt and Morocco and, includes South Africa. There are over 50 countries represented by this region; however, the most populous groups from this region in Africa in the USA are Nigerian, Ethiopian, Kenyan, Liberian, Ghanaian, Cape Verdean, South African, and Somalian.), the diversity and complexity linked to their migration and integration experiences in the USA reveal that there is a gendered and generational element to their self identity. These elements are compounded by perceptions of being African American in a racialized society and deciding whether or not to stay connected to Africa, a continent that needs their financial, political, and social resources accumulated in the USA These “new” African Americans expand the definition of blackness in the USA. Many have created a transnational relationship to Africa and the USA, which provides important implications for Africa’s potential “brain gain” as well as socioeconomic, infrastructural, and political development.

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Martin, William G. "The Rise of African Studies (USA) and the Transnational Study of Africa." African Studies Review 54, no. 1 (2011): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2011.0003.

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Abstract:Among Africanists, one of the remarkable events of 1957 was the founding of the African Studies Association. Commentaries on the association's history are slight and understandably celebratory. Exploration of archival and related sources, however, reveals considerable uncertainty and struggle over the construction of the field in the 1950s and 1960s. Those sources range across changing continental, colonial, and racial boundaries and reveal racialized relationships among U.S. scholars and especially foundation officials, British scholars and colonial officials, and, in unexpected ways, scholars in Africa and particularly South Africa. This essay traces the interplay of these forces and the demise of the transnational study of Africa in this period—and points briefly toward today's uncertain future for the study of Africa.

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DEMETRIOS, MICHAEL B., and DAVID DENARDO. "Marine World Africa USA Shark Experience." International Zoo Yearbook 34, no. 1 (1995): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1995.tb00663.x.

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Rogerson, Christian M., and Jayne M. Rogerson. "Racialized Landscapes of Tourism: From Jim Crow USA to Apartheid South Africa." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 48, no. 48 (2020): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2020-0010.

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AbstractTourism studies, including by geographers, give only minor attention to historically-informed research. This article contributes to the limited scholarship on tourism development in South Africa occurring during the turbulent years of apartheid (1948 to 1994). It examines the building of racialized landscapes of tourism with separate (but unequal) facilities for ‘non-Whites’ as compared to Whites. The methodological approach is archival research. Applying a range of archival sources tourism linked to the expanded mobilities of South Africa's ‘non-White’ communities, namely of African, Coloureds (mixed race) and Asians (Indians) is investigated. Under apartheid the growth of ‘non-White’ tourism generated several policy challenges in relation to national government's commitments towards racial segregation. Arguably, the segregated tourism spaces created for ‘non-Whites’ under apartheid exhibit certain parallels with those that emerged in the USA during the Jim Crow era.

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Simo, Regis. "The AGOA as stepping stone for USA–Africa free trade agreements." Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 17, no. 3 (2018): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jitlp-03-2018-0014.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show how the pattern of trade relations between the USA and African countries is gradually shifting toward reciprocity. It therefore demonstrates that the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) was conceived to be a building block toward future bilateral trade agreements. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a historical approach to the USA’s policy toward Africa in general and in trade matters in particular. It critically reviews the chronology of US involvement in the continent. Findings Although it was designed as a preferential trade arrangement, AGOA was intended to evolve into reciprocal trade agreements. This is what the USA started doing even prior to the entry into force of the AGOA, by entering into Trade and Investment Framework Agreements with individual countries or blocs. It also transpires that the deployment comes as a response to the European Union which is already engaged in the redefinition of its own trade relations with Africa since 2004. Originality/value The paper is important in many respects. Not only it is a study of the US practice as preference-granting country, but it is also interested in the typology of trade agreements concluded by the USA in other regions of the world. This is important to indicate and analyze the types of provisions African countries should be expected to face when the time of entering into reciprocal binding trade treaties arrives.

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Moller, Jana. "Comparing electronic short books from the USA and the UK to South Africa." Electronic Library 32, no. 4 (2014): 508–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-01-2013-0014.

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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the electronic short books phenomenon from the USA and the UK which has spilled over to South Africa. By looking at the benefits these short books have for readers and authors, and the possible reasons for their success, the aim is to determine whether or not these books can be as successful a venture in South Africa as it has been elsewhere. Design/methodology/approach – Information about electronic short books, or e-singles, is gathered from various sources, including press releases and sales results. Information is gathered to determine the receptiveness to electronic short books of the South African trade book reading market, the way South African publishers are presenting e-singles to the market and what the future for e-singles may be. Findings – The findings of this paper make it clear that e-singles have found a gap in the market, providing various benefits to authors and readers, which may have contributed to their success. In South Africa, the success of e-singles faces unique obstacles, like a weaker reading culture and a poor awareness of e-books. Publishers need to make a bigger effort to become visible in the eyes of their readers and need to think about better distribution strategies. Research limitations/implications – With comparisons, accuracy is dependent on information provided by organizations (on their Web sites). Originality/value – This paper offers information about a new publishing trend – only a few months in South Africa. It offers a look into the state of the trade book industry in South Africa, how e-singles may function in it and what publishers of e-singles may do to ensure more success. It predicts the future of e-singles in South Africa based on its unique situation, pointing out what obstacles there may be to their uptake.

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Holloway, Jenny P., Hans W. Ittmann, Nontombeko Dudeni-Tlhone, and Peter MU Schmitz. "From SA to the USA: Election forecasting." ORiON 34, no. 2 (2019): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5784/34-2-581.

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Elections draw enormous interest worldwide, especially if these involve major countries, and there is much speculation in the media as to possible outcomes from these elections. In many of these recent elections, such as the UK and USA, however, forecasts from market surveys, electoral polls, scientific forecasting models and even exit polls, obtained from voters as they leave the voting stations, failed to predict the correct outcome. Election night forecasts, which endeavour to forecast the ultimate result before the final outcome is known using early results, were also carried out, with some more accurate than others.After successfully predicting most of the metropolitan region results correctly in the South African local 2016 municipal elections, using an election night forecasting model developed for South Africa (SA), the question of adapting the model to work outside of SA on a different electoral system was raised. The focus of this paper is to describe the results obtained for the 2016 USA presidential election, on election night, using an adapted version of the SA model. This paper also addresses the applicability of the model assumptions as well as the data issues involved in forecasting outside of South Africa. It is shown that even with many hurdles experienced in the process the model performed relatively well.

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Thangamuthu, Mohanasundaram, and Karthikeyan Parthasarathy. "Cointegration and stock market interdependence: Evidence from South Africa, India and the USA." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 18, no. 4 (2015): 475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v18i4.1029.

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The purpose of this study is to explore the nature of the association and the possible existence of a shortrun and long-run relationship between the stock-market indices of South Africa, India and the USA. The idea behind this combination is to know how the stock markets of these three prominent countries are related to each other. The study employs monthly data from the stock indices, namely JALSH (South Africa), NIFTY (India) and NASDAQ (USA) composite from April 2004 to March 2014. After testing for the normality of the data distribution and the stationarity of the time series data, this paper discovered a strong correlation between the stock market indices of South Africa, India and the USA. The correlation among the stock markets is high, particularly between South Africa and India. In addition, the paper attempts to discover the presence of any predictive ability among these markets by applying the Granger causality test. The result indicates that the NASDAQ index has no predictive ability as far as the JALSH and NIFTY indices are concerned. However, the JALSH index has a predictive ability on the NIFTY index. After testing the Granger cause relationship, the existence of a long-run and short-run relationship is tested. The long-run relationships among the stock market indices are analysed, following the Johansen and Juselius multivariate cointegration approach. The result suggests the absence of a long-run relationship among the three stock market indices. Short-run relationship is investigated with the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model, and the outcome obtained shows that both the USA and the South African stock markets are predicted only by their own past lags. However, the Indian stock market is seen to be a function of its own past lags and the past lags of the South African stock index.

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Smith, Aaron X. "Afrocentricity as the Organizing Principle for African Renaissance. Interview with Prof. Molefi Kete Asante, Temple University (USA)." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 1 (2020): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-1-210-217.

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Professor Molefi Kete Asante is Professor and Chair of the Department of Africology at Temple University. Asante’s research has focused on the re-centering of African thinking and African people in narratives of historical experiences that provide opportunities for agency. As the most published African American scholars and one of the most prolific and influential writers in the African world, Asante is the leading theorist on Afrocentricity. His numerous works, over 85 books, and hundreds of articles, attest to his singular place in the discipline of African American Studies. His major works, An Afrocentric Manifesto [Asante 2007a], The History of Africa [Asante 2007b], The Afrocentric Idea [Asante 1998], The African Pyramids of Knowledge [Asante 2015], Erasing Racism: The Survival of the American Nation [Asante 2009], As I Run Toward Africa [Asante 2011], Facing South to Africa [Asante 2014], and Revolutionary Pedagogy [Asante 2017], have become rich sources for countless scholars to probe for both theory and content. His recent award as National Communication Association (NCA) Distinguished Scholar placed him in the elite company of the best thinkers in the field of communication. In African Studies he is usually cited as the major proponent of Afrocentricity which the NCA said in its announcing of his Distinguished Scholar award was “a spectacular achievement”. Molefi Kete Asante is interviewed because of his recognized position as the major proponent of Afrocentricity and the most consistent theorist in relationship to creating Africological pathways such as institutes, research centers, departments, journals, conference and workshop programs, and academic mentoring opportunities. Asante has mentored over 100 students, some of whom are among the principal administrators in the field of Africology. Asante is professor of Africology at Temple University and has taught at the University of California, State University of New York, Howard University, Purdue University, Florida State University, as well as held special appointments at the University of South Africa, Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, and Ibadan University in Nigeria.

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Adibe, Jideofor. "Issues in USA-Africa relations under Donald Trump." African Renaissance 14, no. 1/2 (2017): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2516-5305/2017/v14n1_2a1.

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de Klerk, Jeremias J., Adré B. Boshoff, and René van Wyk. "Measuring Meaning in Life in South Africa: Validation of an Instrument Developed in the USA." South African Journal of Psychology 39, no. 3 (2009): 314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630903900306.

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Investigations into the construct of meaning in life is an important focus area of psychological research. Research has consistently shown a sense of meaning in life to be a significant correlate of mental health and well-being. Most of this research on meaning in life is conducted worldwide with instruments developed in North America. However, inter-cultural measurement of psychological constructs is a concern, as psychometric instruments in one culture are not necessarily transferable to different cultures. In this case study, we examine whether the Life Regard Index (LRI), developed in the USA and a popular scale for measuring meaning in life, is transferable to a sample from South Africa. The results confirm the construct validity of the LRI, but indicate that the LRI's factor structure has changed and two of the original 28 items were not part of the covariance structure. From these results, we conclude that the LRI is transferable to the South African sample, but not irrespectively and without adjustments. It should be used as a one-dimensional instrument with only 26 items before applying it to the South African sample. The study provides evidence that LRI, which was developed in the USA and became a popular instrument for measuring meaning in life, cannot be transferred indiscriminately to a South African sample. This insight contributes to the quality of future research studies in South Africa, not only on the important aspect of life meaning, but also when applying other psychometric instruments developed elsewhere.

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Haron, Muhammed. "The Arabic Script in Africa." American Journal of Islam and Society 27, no. 2 (2010): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v27i2.1344.

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The Arabic script’s flexible and adaptive nature has made it a significantcontributor to Africa’s rich and vibrant socio-linguistic landscape. This hasbeen noted by major scholars in the field, among them John Hunwick(director-general, Institute for the Study of Islamic Thought in Africa,Northwestern University, USA) and Helmi Sharawi (Centre for Arabo-African Studies, Egypt). Meikal Mumin, a young German-Somali scholarwho completed his M.A. at the University of Cologne’s Institute for AfricanStudies on the use of the Arabic script in Africa, solicited funds from theFritz Thyssen Stiftung, as well as the necessary moral support from theabove-mentioned institute, to host a workshop on this topic. Entitled “ArabicScript in Africa,” it was held at the University of Koln’s Institute for AfricanStudies during 6-7 April 2010. Mumin regarded this event as the first of itskind on German soil to dealt with the “linguistic aspects of the usage and diffusionof the Arabic script in Africa for the writing of African languages, aphenomenon also known as Ajami.” The assembled scholars investigated,among other concerns, linguistic, sociolinguistic, and historical processes aswell as applied language policy for certain African languages ...

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Michaud, James, Elena Lvina, Bella L. Galperin, et al. "Development and validation of the Leadership Effectiveness in Africa and the Diaspora (LEAD) scale." International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 20, no. 3 (2020): 361–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595820973438.

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This article contributes to the literature on cross-cultural leadership by describing the development and validation of the Leadership Effectiveness in Africa and the Diaspora (LEAD) Scale. The LEAD Scale is a culturally sensitive measure of leadership effectiveness in the understudied settings of Africa and the African diaspora. A combination of methods and four studies using samples from Africa and the African diaspora based in Canada, the USA, and the Caribbean were used to develop the measure. Using the grounded theory approach and the Delphi technique ( n = 192), followed by a set of increasingly rigorous tests including exploratory factor analysis ( n = 441), confirmatory factor analysis ( n = 116), and a test of measure invariance ( n =1384), we developed and validated a culturally sensitive measure of effective leadership. Our results demonstrate that spirituality, tradition and community-centredness are important and culturally specific components of leadership in Africa and the African diaspora. This paper provides a validated measure of leadership and offers recommendations regarding the use of the measure by managers and researchers working in Africa or with African diaspora.

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Rebbeck, Timothy R., Susan S. Devesa, Bao-Li Chang, et al. "Global Patterns of Prostate Cancer Incidence, Aggressiveness, and Mortality in Men of African Descent." Prostate Cancer 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/560857.

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Prostate cancer (CaP) is the leading cancer among men of African descent in the USA, Caribbean, and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The estimated number of CaP deaths in SSA during 2008 was more than five times that among African Americans and is expected to double in Africa by 2030. We summarize publicly available CaP data and collected data from the men of African descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate (MADCaP) Consortium and the African Caribbean Cancer Consortium (AC3) to evaluate CaP incidence and mortality in men of African descent worldwide. CaP incidence and mortality are highest in men of African descent in the USA and the Caribbean. Tumor stage and grade were highest in SSA. We report a higher proportion of T1 stage prostate tumors in countries with greater percent gross domestic product spent on health care and physicians per 100,000 persons. We also observed that regions with a higher proportion of advanced tumors reported lower mortality rates. This finding suggests that CaP is underdiagnosed and/or underreported in SSA men. Nonetheless, CaP incidence and mortality represent a significant public health problem in men of African descent around the world.

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Glickman, Harvey. "Editor’s Introduction." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 21, no. 1-2 (1993): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700501577.

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This special double ISSUE is brought to readers via generous grants from the Ford Foundation and the MacArthur Foundation, and the support of Haverford College. The African authors in this double ISSUE were recruited in summer 1992 with the help of many friends of the African Studies Association in USA and Africa. All of them (with the exception of N’Diaye) participated in two panels sponsored by ISSUE at the annual meeting of ASA in Seattle in November 1992. Those not resident at the time in the USA spent almost two weeks traveling and speaking to various groups around the USA in the period surrounding the ASA meetings. This period in November and December 1992 also provided an opportunity to exchange ideas within the group and prepare the final drafts. Consequently, the articles reflect views and events no later than the end of 1992. A year in the making, this ISSUE is an attempt to bring to bear an African perspective on the emerging new African political order of the 1990s. In the past few years we have become familiar—at least on the surface—with the vast political changes sweeping across the Continent. ISSUE’s effort tries to project African voices into the center of the commentary and debate on democratization and new patterns of international relations in Africa.

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Pandy, Wayde R., and Christian M. Rogerson. "The timeshare industry of Africa: a study in tourism geography." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 21, no. 21 (2013): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2013-0024.

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Abstract Within the broad spectrum of tourism accommodation the timeshare industry is a distinctive segment which has attracted only limited research work. This paper represents a contribution to tourism geography as it investigates the location of timeshare resorts in Africa and comparative position of African destinations in the global timeshare economy. The analysis shows the timeshare resort industry in South Africa is the most significant on the continent and is distinctive in its reliance upon domestic rather than international tourists. In terms of the distribution of resorts the key locational consideration in Africa parallels that found in other parts of the world, namely the positioning of resorts in areas of high natural amenity. In the African context this has meant clustering resorts in coastal beach areas and attractive mountain locations, as well as in the areas which afford opportunities for timeshare consumers to experience the African bush. Finally, of note in South Africa is the growth of large timeshare property developments at casino resorts, a development which parallels the experience of certain timeshare developments in the USA.

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Ganiel, Gladys. "Is the Multiracial Congregation an Answer to the Problem of Race? Comparative Perspectives from South Africa and the USA." Journal of Religion in Africa 38, no. 3 (2008): 263–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006608x323478.

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AbstractThis paper uses a comparative perspective to analyze how multiracial congregations may contribute to racial reconciliation in South Africa. Drawing on the large-scale study of multiracial congregations in the USA by Emerson et al., it examines how they help transform antagonistic identities and make religious contributions to wider reconciliation processes. It compares the American research to an ethnographic study of a congregation in Cape Town, identifying cross-national patterns and South African distinctives, such as discourses about restitution, AIDS, inequality and women. The extent that multiracial congregations can contribute to reconciliation in South Africa is linked to the content of their worship and discourses, but especially to their ability to dismantle racially aligned power structures.

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Maphai, Vincent T., and Dwight N. Hopkins. "Black Theology-USA and South Africa: Politics, Culture and Liberation." African Studies Review 34, no. 1 (1991): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524258.

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Lakshmi, P., S. Visalakshmi, and Kavitha Shanmugam. "Synchronicity in international stock markets: evidence from USA-South Africa." International Journal of Business Information Systems 17, no. 4 (2014): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbis.2014.065554.

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Likos, Anna M., Scott A. Sammons, Victoria A. Olson, et al. "A tale of two clades: monkeypox viruses." Journal of General Virology 86, no. 10 (2005): 2661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81215-0.

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Human monkeypox was first recognized outside Africa in 2003 during an outbreak in the USA that was traced to imported monkeypox virus (MPXV)-infected West African rodents. Unlike the smallpox-like disease described in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC; a Congo Basin country), disease in the USA appeared milder. Here, analyses compared clinical, laboratory and epidemiological features of confirmed human monkeypox case-patients, using data from outbreaks in the USA and the Congo Basin, and the results suggested that human disease pathogenicity was associated with the viral strain. Genomic sequencing of USA, Western and Central African MPXV isolates confirmed the existence of two MPXV clades. A comparison of open reading frames between MPXV clades permitted prediction of viral proteins that could cause the observed differences in human pathogenicity between these two clades. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis and clinical and epidemiological properties of MPXV can improve monkeypox prevention and control.

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Lamprecht, Norman, and Aletta Sophia Tolmay. "Performance Of South African Automotive Exports Under The African Growth And Opportunity Act From 2001 To 2015." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 16, no. 2 (2017): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v16i2.9927.

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The South African automotive industry is faced with the challenge of how to expand through exports in a saturated global automotive market, characterized by overcapacity. The vision of the South African automotive industry is to double its vehicle production to one million units per annum by 2020. However, domestic market limitations impede the ability to achieve sufficient economies of scale. Trade arrangements contribute towards increasing market access. The impact of the AGOA on automotive trade between the United States of America and South Africa was analyzed. It was found that the AGOA resulted in a substantial increase in two-way trade. Further research is encouraged with regard to the potential of regional integration in Africa for automotive exports from South African and the USA.

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Venter, S., D. Van Rensburg, L. Fletcher, and C. Grant. "The prevalence, risk factors predicting injury and the severity of injuries sustained during competition in professional mixed martial arts in Africa." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 29, no. 1 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2017/v29i1a2939.

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Background: Professional mixed martial arts (MMA) has gained international popularity. No African-based studies have reported the prevalence or severity of injuries, risk factors associated with injuries or return-to-play (RTP) time. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of injuries and associated risk factors, as well as severity of injuries sustained by professional male MMA athletes competing at the Extreme Fighting Championships Africa (EFC Africa) from 2010 to 2014.Methods: Permission to do the study and the medical records of all professional events (2010 – 2014) were obtained from EFC Africa. Data were obtained from 173 male competitors aged 18 to 44 years, who had participated in 300 professional MMA fights. Results from this prospective cohort study were compared to a similar study done in the United States of America (USA). An injury was defined as any damage to an athlete’s body that needed the attention of the ringside physician. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and a stepwise logistic regression. Odds of an injury were predicted with six independent variables: fight outcome, age, weight division, number of fights, injuries in the preceding fight and years of fighter experience.Results: Head, face and neck injuries were most common (22%), followed by traumatic brain injuries (knockouts) (6%). Losing a fight was a significant predictor of injury when using the stepwise logistic regression model (p=0.040). The odds ratio indicated that a preceding fight injury almost doubled the risk of injury in the following fight (OR 1.91; p= 0.163). Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in this study of African-based competitions (6%) were substantially higher than reported in the American study (1.8%).Conclusion: Head, neck and face injuries are common in African fighters. The high rate of TBIs in African competition compared to the USA study is concerning. This could reflect superior refereeing in the USA group, as fights may be ended sooner by stoppage. Further investigation of injury trends and preventative measures should be studied to reduce the incidence of injuries during African competitions.

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Van Der Westhuizen, Brian. "South African and American sales managers: A comparative study." South African Journal of Business Management 24, no. 1 (1993): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v24i1.860.

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The relatively unique socio-political and economic environment in South Africa frequently leads to the assertion that South African managers are very different when compared to their overseas counterparts. As far as could be ascertained, no studies have been conducted to test this presumption in the sales management area. In a recent study of two randomly selected groups of sales managers, one in South Africa and the other in the USA, it was established that there was substantial similarity between the two groups with respect to a number of areas of managerial behaviour.

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Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany L., Herve Momo Jeufack, Nicholas H. Neufeld, et al. "Stuck in the middle: a systematic review of authorship in collaborative health research in Africa, 2014–2016." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 5 (2019): e001853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001853.

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BackgroundCollaborations are often a cornerstone of global health research. Power dynamics can shape if and how local researchers are included in manuscripts. This article investigates how international collaborations affect the representation of local authors, overall and in first and last author positions, in African health research.MethodsWe extracted papers on ‘health’ in sub-Saharan Africa indexed in PubMed and published between 2014 and 2016. The author’s affiliation was used to classify the individual as from the country of the paper’s focus, from another African country, from Europe, from the USA/Canada or from another locale. Authors classified as from the USA/Canada were further subclassified if the author was from a top US university. In primary analyses, individuals with multiple affiliations were presumed to be from a high-income country if they contained any affiliation from a high-income country. In sensitivity analyses, these individuals were presumed to be from an African country if they contained any affiliation an African country. Differences in paper characteristics and representation of local coauthors are compared by collaborative type using χ² tests.ResultsOf the 7100 articles identified, 68.3% included collaborators from the USA, Canada, Europe and/or another African country. 54.0% of all 43 429 authors and 52.9% of 7100 first authors were from the country of the paper’s focus. Representation dropped if any collaborators were from USA, Canada or Europe with the lowest representation for collaborators from top US universities—for these papers, 41.3% of all authors and 23.0% of first authors were from country of paper’s focus. Local representation was highest with collaborators from another African country. 13.5% of all papers had no local coauthors.DiscussionIndividuals, institutions and funders from high-income countries should challenge persistent power differentials in global health research. South-South collaborations can help African researchers expand technical expertise while maintaining presence on the resulting research.

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Gardachew, Bewuketu Dires. "Book review: Leenco Lata Peacekeeping as State-Building: Current Challenges for the Horn of Africa. Ewing Township, USA: The Red Sea Press. 2012. 160 p." RUDN Journal of Public Administration 6, no. 4 (2019): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2019-6-4-366-370.

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The review of Leenco Lata's1 book “Peacekeeping as State-Building: Current Challenges for the Horn of Africa” examines the theory and practice of state-building on the example of African countries. The central premise of this monograph is the assumption that state-building requires rethinking of the factors and attributes traditionally associated with the state. The book consists of nine chapters, each of which is analyzed by the reviewer. The monograph focuses on the problems of state-building, state legitimacy, and the role and specifics of peacekeeping operations in the horn of Africa.

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Chernysheva, A. M. "Transforming the world order amid the emerging multipolarity: Evidence from the African continent." National Interests: Priorities and Security 16, no. 11 (2020): 2180–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.16.11.2180.

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Subject. As the world becomes more multipolar, global leaders change their approaches to capture the areas they dominate. Currently, advocates of the Western and Eastern models clash, with the latter demonstrating a greater efficiency. Objectives. I examine the foreign trade of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa, assuming that the region's countries are teetering on the edge of the Western and Eastern approaches to determining the domination area of the leading country. Methods. The study is based on the systems approach, comparative and statistical methods for reviewing exports and imports of Sub-Saharan Africa, illustrating the case of South Africa. Results. As the global economy currently develops, the multipolar world and its emergence are showed to gain momentum, with Sub-Saharan Africa actively diversifying their foreign trade. I mention the way the USA, EU, China, India and Russia influence the region and evaluate development trends in south Africa's exports and imports, setting their further development trend. Notwithstanding the noticeable impact of the USA, Sub-Saharan Africa establish regional alliances and tend to follow the course of other States, with China becoming increasingly important. Conclusions and Relevance. Transforming the world order into the multipolar format, the third-world countries should diversify their foreign trade, following multiple vectors in their economic policy, thus ensuring their own economic security and an opportunity to raise their significance regionally and internationally.

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Washington, Clare. "Women and Resistance in the African Diaspora, with Special Focus on the Caribbean, Africa, and USA." McNair Scholars Online Journal 2, no. 1 (2006): 352–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mcnair.2006.352.

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Hart, M. L., S. Berkowitz, J. Ryan, and K. Waspe. "Key information systems management issues: A comparative study in South Africa." South African Journal of Business Management 35, no. 4 (2004): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v35i4.668.

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The identification of key Information Systems (IS) management issues is important for all players in the industry. Most academic research has followed the form of the Society for Information Management (SIM) studies, originating in the early 1980’s in the United States of America (USA), and since replicated in many countries, yet no comprehensive recent study had been carried out in South Africa. This study was performed within weeks of September 11, 2001 on a sample of 121 members of the Cape IT Initiative (CITI), and of the Computer Society of South Africa (CSSA), from a range of industries and geographical regions. Highest rated issues were business intelligence, a responsive IT infrastructure and disaster recovery, while Business Relationship and Technical Infrastructure issues were prominent overall. Demographic factors did not significantly influence overall results. Rankings were correlated with an earlier South African study and with 1997 Australian research, but not with a 1995 USA study. The economic developmental status of a country was found to be linked to the key issues that country faces.

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Cedric, de Coning. "The Evolution of Peace Operations in Africa: Trajectories and Trends." Journal of International Peacekeeping 14, no. 1-2 (2010): 6–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187541110x12592205205577.

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The scale of contemporary United Nations (UN) and African Union (AU) peace operations in Africa represent a significant shift in the political will of the international community to invest in UN and African peace operations. A macro-pattern has developed where most European and American peace and stability operations are deployed in NATO or European Union (EU) operations in Europe and the Middle-East, whilst most UN peace operations troops are contributed by the developing world and deployed in Africa. However, there is a new willingness in Europe to consider deploying some of its peacekeepers to Africa in EU or UN peace operations. From a UN and African perspective, the USA and Europe have a major political and financial influence on, and stake in, the future of peace operations in Africa. The AU and regional entities like ECOWAS, IGAD and SADC have significantly increased their capacity to undertake and manage peace operations over the last decade. The AU has deployed its first three peace operations, AMIB in Burundi, AMIS in Darfur and AMISOM in Somalia. However, the single most important factor when considering the future of peace operations in Africa is how they are financed, as that determines the size, scope and duration of the missions, and therefore has a direct bearing on their impact. The lack of clear and predictable financial arrangements is now the most important factor hindering the further expansion of African peacekeeping.

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Anderson, Cheryl AM, Kate E. Murray, Sahra Abdi, et al. "Community-based participatory approach to identify factors affecting diet following migration from Africa: The Hawaash study." Health Education Journal 78, no. 2 (2018): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896918814059.

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Introduction: African women who migrate to the USA have a rich tradition of using herbs and spices to promote health. We conducted formative research on nutritional practices among East and North African women in the USA, focusing on whether traditional herbs and spices could support adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Methods: In all, 48 adult African women living in San Diego, California participated in focus groups in July 2015. Inclusion criteria were 18 years or older, and able to answer focus group questions in one of five languages: Somali, Arabic, Amharic, Swahili or English. Results: Participants identified 62 unique spices and herbs that are traditionally used in meal preparation for flavour and health benefits. Participants also reported awareness that nutrients, foods, food groups and approaches to growing and preparing foods are important considerations for healthy diet. Barriers to healthy eating included costs, constraints around growing food in a different soil and climate than Africa, family size and the widespread availability of fast food. Groups identified opportunities for collaborations with researchers through educational programmes, and recommended seed and recipe exchanges that promote healthy eating across culturally heterogeneous African communities. Conclusion: A culturally informed behavioural intervention focused on spices and herbs would be feasible and accepted by African women in San Diego. This intervention may support adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans during the nutrition transition and broader dissemination of practices that promote health across heterogeneous communities of Africans living in the USA.

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Afolayan, Michael O. "Africa in the Eyes of a Memoirist (Volume One)." African and Asian Studies 16, no. 3 (2017): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341362.

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Abstract This publication is made up of essays dealing with the experiences of the memoirist, Professor Emeritus A.B. Assensoh of Indiana University, usa, who is also a Courtesy Professor Emeritus of University of Oregon, also in the usa. It is a publication that has been enriched by the author’s wide-ranging experiences in this first volume, which is centered largely on African topical issues but, very briefly, on other geographic areas in Asia, Europe and North America, as they relate to issues being discussed by the memoirist. The second volume is expected to deal heavily with essays on the author’s experiences in the usa, as part of North America, which is also to be published by Pan-African University Press of Austin, Texas, usa. Readers cannot wait for such a timely second volume of “A Matter of Sharing”.

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Kostyaev, S. "Lobbyism of Islamic Countries in the USA." World Economy and International Relations, no. 9 (2012): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-9-90-99.

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Mass disturbances that took place in the Middle East and North Africa in 2011 offer an opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of lobbyism in countries of this region as a tool to provide the American assistance in a volatile environment. Almost all these countries in a varying degree tried to gather support from the USA to preserve the legitimacy of their regimes in the international field. The author investigates the factors influencing the performance of lobbying technologies, evaluates the effectiveness of Muslim countries' attempts to protect their interests in Washington.

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Wiesner, R., L. P. Vermeulen, and C. R. Littler. "Survivor syndrome: Effects on middle managers in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 2, no. 3 (1999): 390–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v2i3.2587.

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The impact of organisational downsizing on employees who remain has been the subject of intense research, particularly in the USA. The issue of so-called survivor syndrome is critically important in relation to productivity growth and the success of restructuring. However, current conceptualisation has been based largely on American research. There has been little data on downsizing in the South African context. The purpose of this article is to discuss the extent of survivor syndrome in organisations that have restructured and downsized in South Africa. We ask the questions: does downsizing inevitably result in high levels of survivor syndrome; which factors intensify and modify survivor syndrome; and is there a restructuring cycle? The database constitutes 421 South African organisations.

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Demmer, Craig, and Geraldine Burghart. "Experiences of AIDS-related bereavement in the USA and South Africa." International Social Work 51, no. 3 (2008): 360–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872807088082.

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McKay, Daniel. "Ghosts in the Shell: On South Africa, the USA and Japan." Safundi 14, no. 4 (2013): 425–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2013.839254.

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Cock, Jacklyn, and Alison Bernstein. "Diversity and disadvantage: feminist perspectives from the USA and South Africa." Politikon 25, no. 2 (1998): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589349808705062.

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Weierbach, Florence M., and Sandy K. Halford. "From Africa to the USA: A Combined Strategy for Nursing Education." Nursing Education Perspectives 41, no. 5 (2020): E54—E55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nep.0000000000000613.

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Kenyon, Chris Richard, Kara Osbak, and Jozefien Buyze. "The Prevalence of HIV by Ethnic Group Is Correlated with HSV-2 and Syphilis Prevalence in Kenya, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/284317.

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Background. This paper investigates two issues: do ethnic/racial groups with high HIV prevalences also have higher prevalences of other STIs? and is HIV prevalence by ethnic group correlated with the prevalence of circumcision, concurrency, or having more than one partner in the preceding year?Methods. We used Spearman’s correlation to estimate the association between the prevalence of HIV per ethnic/racial group and HSV-2, syphilis, symptoms of an STI, having more than one partner in the past year, concurrency, and circumcision in Kenya, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States.Results. We found that in each country HSV-2, syphilis, and symptomatic STIs were positively correlated with HIV prevalence (HSV-2: Kenya rho = 0.50,P= 0.207; South Africa rho-1,P= 0.000; USA rho-1,P= 0.000, Syphilis: Kenya rho = 0.33,P= 0.420; South Africa rho-1,P= 0.000; USA rho-1,P= 0.000, and STI symptoms: Kenya rho = 0.92,P= 0.001; South Africa rho-1,P= 0.000; UK rho = 0.87,P= 0.058; USA rho-1,P= 0.000). The prevalence of circumcision was only negatively associated with HIV prevalence in Kenya. Both having more than one partner in the previous year and concurrency were positively associated with HIV prevalence in all countries (concurrency: Kenya rho = 0.79,P= 0.036; South Africa rho-1,P= 0.000; UK 0.87,P= 0.058; USA rho-1,P= 0.000 and multiple partners: Kenya rho = 0.82,P= 0.023; South Africa rho-1,P= 0.000; UK rho = 0.87,P= 0.058; USA rho-1,P= 0.000). Not all associations were statistically significant.Conclusion. Further attention needs to be directed to what determines higher rates of partner change and concurrency in communities with high STI prevalence.

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Verhoef, Grietjie. "Mutuality and regulation: The transition from mutual to public in the South African longterm insurance industry." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 5, no. 2 (2012): 567–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v5i2.300.

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The mutual structure of various financial institutions has changed internationally, especially during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Various explanations have been offered. Some commentators argue the mutual organisational form has become redundant, others consider structural changes in the financial services industry as the main reason for organisational changes. In the United Kingdom the stronger emphasis on profitability had a profound impact on the decision to demutualise many building societies. In the USA the failure of mutual savings and loan associations resulted in demutualisation as a rescue strategy. This paper will explore the specific circumstances in South Africa of the changes in the mutual organisational form of building societies and insurance companies. The mutual form of organisation has a long history in South Africa. This paper will explore the reasons for the early choice of mutuality and the recent forces leading to the demutualisation of companies in order to list as public entities on stock exchanges, both in South Africa and abroad. South Africa experienced varying degrees of international isolation and sanctions, but, in the financial services industry, a strong international connection was sustained. The South African experience will be considered against the international changes in the financial services industry as well as the regulatory changes in South Africa. The paper will explain the peculiar South African conditions as the context for the organisational changes in South African mutual.

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Olusegun, Adedokun J., Akinsanmi Fatima, and Fasasi Abiodun Wakeel. "Development and Position of Africa in Science and Technology Today." American International Journal of Sciences and Engineering Research 2, no. 2 (2019): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.46545/aijser.v2i2.103.

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Science and technology capabilities are fundamental for social and economic progress in African countries and they are crucial components aimed at fostering growth and development of every nation as they create impact on the various sectors of governments. Maintaining and Strengthening the contributions of science and technology become more important for Africa in addressing traditional development issues and successful application of science and technology entails establishing effective institutional framework and linkages so that the various science and technology institutions and the productive sectors work in a system that is focused on achieving developmental goals without undue duplication and completion. Unfortunately, many developing countries especially the poor countries in West Africa do not have human resources, physical and economic infrastructures and access to capital to take full advantage of the science and technology expertise and achievements of the developed countries like the USA, China, and Korea etc. Conclusively, it is imperative for Africa especially West African countries to embrace science and technology as a vital tool for accelerating their socio-economic development as science and technology enhances its international competitiveness and more importantly its position in the world economy.

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Bondarenko, Dmitri M. "Pre-slave trade and pre-colonial Africa in the historical consciousness of African-Americans and African migrants in the USA." Africa Review 9, no. 1 (2016): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2016.1239713.

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van den Berg, Esther, Esther van den Berg, Louwrens R. Tiedt, et al. "Morphological and molecular characterisation and diagnostics of some species of Scutellonema Andrássy, 1958 (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) with a molecular phylogeny of the genus." Nematology 15, no. 6 (2013): 719–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002714.

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Scutellonema spp. are widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions of the world and are associated with numerous agricultural and horticultural crops. Identification of many Scutellonema species is not always reliable, in part because many species share very similar diagnostic characters. In this study, we provide morphological and molecular characterisation of S. brachyurus from the USA and South Africa, S. bradys from Nigeria and three unidentified species from California, USA, New Zealand and Burkina Faso. Morphological descriptions, measurements, light and scanning electron microscopic photos and drawings are given for S. brachyurus. Females of S. brachyurus from the USA (type A) and South Africa (type B) showed a significant variation in the number of sectors and blocks on the lip annuli, ranging from about 4-12 and from 8-20, respectively. Molecular analysis using the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA and the COI mtDNA gene sequences revealed two distinct genotypes within S. brachyurus samples: type A (samples from USA, Italy, Korea, Taiwan) and type B (South Africa). Multivariate analyses determined that S. brachyurus from the USA and Taiwan (type A) differed from that from South Africa (type B) mainly in body, tail and DGO lengths, and ratios b′, c′, c and V. Phylogenetic relationships within Scutellonema are given as inferred from the analyses of the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA and the COI mtDNA gene sequences. PCR-RFLP diagnostic profiles and PCR with species-specific primers are developed for the studied Scutellonema species.

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Yoon, Sungsuk, and Goytom Afera Gebrekiros. "Africa as a Battleground for the USA, China, and Russia, Tripartite Rivalries." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 11, no. 1 (2020): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.11.1.23.

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Baleta, Adele. "South Africa and USA make uneasy peace over international drug patent laws." Lancet 354, no. 9185 (1999): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)75402-7.

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Latimer, Ron, Paul A. Pitt, and Andre van Niekerk. "Review of Primary Sludge Fermentation Performance in South Africa and the USA." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2007, no. 17 (2007): 1651–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864707788116013.

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Tienou, Tite. "Book Review: Black Theology USA and South Africa: Politics, Culture, and Liberation." International Bulletin of Missionary Research 16, no. 1 (1992): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/239693939201600118.

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Duru, Adaobi. "The 2014 Ebola outbreak: narratives from UK/USA and West Africa media." Journal of International Communication 26, no. 1 (2020): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13216597.2020.1728359.

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Wrigley, Eric. "Oil spills: are corporations responsible for protecting the environment? USA and Africa." African J. of Economic and Sustainable Development 3, no. 3 (2014): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ajesd.2014.065022.

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Williams, David R., Rahwa Haile, Selina A. Mohammed, et al. "Perceived discrimination and psychological well-being in the USA and South Africa." Ethnicity & Health 17, no. 1-2 (2012): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2012.654770.

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Gradín, Carlos. "Race and Income Distribution: Evidence from the USA, Brazil and South Africa." Review of Development Economics 18, no. 1 (2014): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rode.12070.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Africa USA'

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