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Carney, Judith, and Michael Watts. "Manufacturing dissent: work, gender and the politics of meaning in a peasant society." Africa 60, no. 2 (1990): 207–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160333.
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Introduction: The Manufacturing of DissentThis article addresses the changing nature of farm work in a peasant society in The Gambia, West Africa. The practice of farm labour has been transformed in the most palpable way by the advent of radically new technical and social relations of production associated with mechanised double-cropping of irrigated rice. Technical change, agricultural intensification and a new labour process are, however, all built upon the bedrock of household production, since peasant growers are socially integrated into the new scheme as contract farmers, specifically as contracted sharecroppers. Family labour continues to be the dominant social form in which labour power is mobilised, but under conditions directly determined and shaped by the contractors, namely project management. Irrigated double-cropping of rice production is particularly labour-demanding and makes expanded claims on customary structures of domestic labour recruitment. These new economic practices subject the culturally dominant representations of work, labour obligations and property rights—the constituents of custom and tradition— to the test of social practice. In our examination of Mandinka rice growers we suggest, following T. J. Clark, that ‘society is a battlefield of representations on which the limits and coherence of any given set are being fought for and regularly spoilt’ (Clark, 1984: 6). The introduction of a new production regime has converted rural Mandinka society into a contested social terrain; the primary struggle is a contest over gender and the conjugal contract in which property, or more accurately constellations of property rights, is at stake. By seeing economic life as, among other things, a realm of representations, we argue that the struggles over meaning and the manufacture of symbolic and material dissent in central Gambia—a proliferation of intrahousehold conflicts, juridical battles over divorce in the local courts, renegotiations of the conjugal contract—are the idioms of what Burawoy (1985) calls production politics.
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Bag, Sanjaya Kumar. "Folktales of West Odisha: A Study." Indian Journal of Multilingual Research and Development 1, no. 1 (2020): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijmrd2013.
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Folktales are a powerful source of oral tradition. Regional culture, environment, folk customs, customs and traditions, social customs, manners, beliefs, religious sentiments, and supernatural fantasies shape the content. The story also tells the story of the various cunning, conflicting concepts, life and physical creation, and birth mysteries of the groups involved. The article seeks to discuss the traditional and scholarly classification, the performers, and performance of folktales in West Odisha, also concerned with its socio-cultural implications.
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E. Dumett, Raymond. "Dancing skeletons—life and death in West Africa." Social Science & Medicine 40, no. 5 (1995): 723–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)80016-d.
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Dima Sеrgе, Patrick. "THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL JUDICIAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL SYSTEMS IN WEST AFRICA (CASE STUDY OF BURKINA FASO)." Scientific works of National Aviation University. Series: Law Journal "Air and Space Law" 1, no. 62 (2022): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2307-9061.62.16482.
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Purpose: this article examines the impact of international judicial institutions on the development of the legal systems of West Africa, namely Burkina Faso. Research methods: synthesis, analysis, formal-legal, comparative-legal. Results: the impact of international judicial institutions on the development of West African legal systems, particularly in Burkina Faso, was assessed from the perspective of international conflict resolution and its impact on the rule and development of democracy in Africa, and the main grounds for conflict resolution were identified: Discussion: this article reveals the influence of international judicial institutions on the development of the legal systems of West African countries, often due to the political and social realities of the countries. These countries have generally succeeded in developing a colonial system of justice. The legal systems of West African countries derive from different traditions inherited from colonization. They have also been influenced by numerous customs and religious norms which influence the structure of the judicial system in each country. The region is now collectively developing under the aegis of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
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Sabar, Galia. "Africa - Israel - Africa Return-migration experiences of African labour migrants." Migration Letters 10, no. 1 (2013): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v10i1.111.
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This paper analyses homecoming experiences of African labour migrants who lived in Israel and returned home. Using qualitative research methodologies, I discerned what factors - material and non-material - determine the relative success of the return process. Focusing on these factors’ effects, I offer a new understanding of labour migrants’ homecoming experiences: those who are “content,” “readjusting,” or “lost. Following Ulrich Beck's (2006) analysis of cosmopolitanism, I suggest that these categories portray significant new life spaces that are neither what they left nor what they came from, and are dynamic, fragile, and constantly changing. In some cases the influence of economic assets on the returned migrants’ homecoming experience was indeed crucial, in many other cases the challenges of reconnecting oneself with home, family, and existing social norms and customs was much more influential on their homecoming experience including on their sense of well-being. Furthermore, some of the non-material goods such as individualization, personal responsibility, and long-term planning proved useful, others such as trust, particularly in relation to family, were detrimental.
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Hamzah, Nur, Sangkot Sirait, and Zulkipli Lessy. "Religion, Lifestyle, and Identity Affirmation within Middle Class Malay Muslims in Pontianak of West Borneo." Al-Albab 11, no. 1 (2022): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24260/alalbab.v11i1.2221.
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This work aims at revealing the implications of modernization and improvement of the living standards of the middle-class Malay Muslim community in Pontianak City. The modern world has proven to affects the aspects of religion and culture of the people in the globe, including the Malay Muslims in Pontianak. This is based on research employing qualitative approach with the support of ethnographic activities. Observations and in-depth interviews were to support the data collection from middle-class Malay Muslims in Pontianak. The work suggests that the modernization and improvement of the social class of Pontianak Malay Muslims has changed their relationship to the Malay culture where they have become more selective towards existing customs and traditions. In addition, the increase in the living standards has in fact also increased the desire of Malay Muslims towards various efforts to affirm class identity. Modern Malay Muslims tend to addopt modern life style with the supports of Islamic teachings they practice in everyday life as they consider Islam as the foundation of their customs and traditions. The hegemony of modernity has penetrated the life of the Malay Muslims and influenced the characteristics of their religiousity and Malaydom to a more modernized style.
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Nulhasanah, Lisan, Hidayat Hasan, Asep Ahmad Hidayat, Usman Supendi, and Ajid Tohir. "KOSMOLOGI DALAM EKSPRESI RITUS SIKLUS HIDUP MUSLIM JAWA BARAT." FASTABIQ: JURNAL STUDI ISLAM 4, no. 2 (2023): 157–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47281/fas.v4i2.140.
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The research aims to understand cosmological relationships both in the context of space and time, such as apamali or taboos in the life cycle which includes cultural customs, rituals: birth, circumcision and marriage in the West Javanese Sundanese community, both in the northern coastal communities (Cirebonan) and inlad. (mountains) like in Tatar Priangan (West Java settlement). The research methode used in thiss research in an antrhropological research method woth alibrary study approach with a content analysis method (Symbolic interpretation) of data from the anthropological method. The research resultas show that the life cycle of the people of West Java both in Sunda-Priangan and Cirebon, which represents the people of the North Coast of Java (West), implies the existence of four importans stages, namely pregnancy, birth, circumcision and marriage. Each of these stages has an important symbolic meaning in building identity and social ralations in West Java society which contains the meaning of the slametan cultural tradition in these cycles related to the subtsnce of belief or religion (Islam). Keywords: Cosmology; Pregnancy; Birth; Circumcision; Marriage
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Torno, Swetlana. "Book Review: Changes in Care: Aging, Migration, and Social Class in West Africa." Anthropology & Aging 43, no. 1 (2022): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/aa.2022.388.
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Ghindă, Luciana Florentina. "L´Architecture Dogon." Revista CICSA online, Serie Nouă, no. 1 (2015): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/cicsa.2015.1.7.
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The purpose of this paper is to offer a brief review on the architectural style of the Dogon tribe from Mali, who is one of the most famous ethnic groups in Africa. Known for their amazing mask dances and wooden sculptures, they show us how the complex Dogon cosmogony is a part of their daily life because it explains the origin of the world and the traditional customs. The Dogon developed a style of mud architecture what amazes us with its variety because all the buildings in their village, such as granaries and toguna have a particular significance. The remarkable earthen architecture, social organization and religion are inseparable, everyday life mingle with the ritual life.
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Kringelbach, Hélène Neveu. "CHOREOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE, GENERATIONS AND THE ART OF LIFE IN POST-COLONIAL DAKAR." Africa 84, no. 1 (2014): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000197201300065x.
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ABSTRACTThis article looks at three generations of choreographic performers in urban Senegal to examine the creative ways in which people develop their bodily skills, not only for the pleasure of innovation, but also to ‘make their way into the world’. In so doing, they produce new social spaces and engage with a multiplicity of existing ones. I suggest that this multiple engagement characterizes contemporary urban Africa, where social mobility is conceived of as multiplying the possibilities of building a decent life in spite of economic hardship. In West Africa, this is in continuity with a long history of social mobility achieved through travel and the acquisition of new skills. Through a multiple engagement with different genres, performers also experiment with new ways of producing choreographic work. At every juncture, the social spaces thus produced either intensify or reduce the connections with global spaces already laid out by previous generations.
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Bjarnesen, Jesper, Jack Boulton, Uroš Kovač, Ndubueze Mbah, Bruce Whitehouse, and Robert Wyrod. "Of Masks and Masculinities in Africa." Africa Spectrum 58, no. 3 (2023): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00020397231217520.
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Contemporary forms of precarity, migration, connectivity, and sociality have transformed what it means to be a man in many African communities. Responding with agency and creativity to various incentives and constraints, Africans have adapted practices pertaining to labour, marriage, and sexuality to the exigencies of modern life amid the impacts of European colonialism, rapid urban growth, economic hardship, and political conflict. Drawing upon ethnographic and historical research to study settings in East, West, and Southern Africa, the articles in this special issue review the social changes that have taken place regarding men's roles and assess prospects for the emergence of counter-hegemonic masculinities.
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Sokova, Zinaida N. "West Africa: The Formation Of National Statehood." Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 6, no. 1 (2020): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2020-6-1-150-165.
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The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of political modernization in West Africa in the first decade of independent development. The author analyses the formation of political systems, the emergence of democratic institutions, and the causes of their crisis as well as the emergence of military and civilian authoritarian regimes. The author draws on legislative acts, documents of state authorities and governing bodies, evidence of contemporaries, expert assessments and explores national mechanisms of political leadership and governance using the examples of Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone. The national specifics of political systems and the characteristics of political culture exclude the possibility of highlighting the “universal” model of power relations that is valid in all countries of the region. At the same time, a comparison of these processes with similar phenomena that took place in other parts of the post-colonial world allows concluding that the development of the political space of West Africa had regionally special features. At the same time, the country approach to the topic made it possible to identify the specific influence of the state and its institutions on the life of society, as well as to form an idea of the variety of forms and methods of political rule. The significance of the scientific analysis of the formation of national statehood rests upon the incompleteness of our ideas about the ruling groups and their role in the system of public administration in West Africa. The article shows that many politically active groups of society — professional politicians, military men, officials, technocrats, and leaders of religious organizations — joined the struggle for control over state structures. Social conflicts, coupled with ethnic, regional, confessional contradictions, shook the fragile political regimes that developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
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Bell, Dianna. "May God Repay You: The Tenet of Baraji in Southern Mali, West Africa." Journal of Religion in Africa 45, no. 2 (2015): 150–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12340038.
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Muslims in the West African state of Mali usebaraji, which translates from Bambara as ‘divine reward’ or ‘recompense’, as a criterion for understanding proper religious practice. The concept also drives Muslims’ lifelong aim to acquire the unspecified amount of merit that God requires for a person to enter paradise. Drawing from life history and ethnographic research, this piece deepens understanding of West African Islam by exploring the Qur’anic basis ofbarajiand situates the concept as a form of value through which Muslims discern the complementary places of different ritual practices and daily choices in their lives. In order to understand the ways that Malian Muslims seek measurable units ofbarajito benefit both the living and the dead, this study also shows how kin earnbarajion one another’s behalf, especially through posthumous sacrifices. By doing so, the article highlights death as a process in which the acquisition ofbarajicontinues through kin and sacrifices, revealing West African Islam as embedded in daily social life and relations with one’s ancestors.
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OLUROPO, FAMILUGBA JONATHAN, IBITOYE MAJEKODUNMI OLUSESAN, ADEDAYO ADEDEJI MATTHEW, and OJO MAYOWA CHRISTOPHER. "The Resurgence of Military Coups in West-Africa States: The Case of Niger Republic and Its Implications on Peace, Security and Transnational Activities in Nigeria." Global Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 03, no. 04 (2024): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/gjhss-social-332.
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Niger Republic is a country rich in mineral resources (uranium) with astounding and complex relationship with the West, a strategic country provided with supports and collaboration with the West (United States of America) when it comes to fight against terrorism in Africa. Relatively enjoying a stable civilian government before the seemingly unexpected military coup struck and pull out the roots of civilian government and short-lived the democratic government in power. This study aims at; identifying and examining the factors responsible for military coups in West Africa States and Niger republic in 2023, examining the interventions and reactions of Nigerian Government and Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS) and other international organizations towards the Military Coup in Niger Republic, identifying and assessing the implications of the Niger coup on Nigeria national peace, security and socio-economic development as a neighboring State and Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS) in general. In this study, the Resource Curse Theory was used as the theoretical framework of analysis. The data used in this study are primarily and secondarily sourced. The interview was tailored towards eliciting information from key informants, including historians, political scientists, peace and conflict experts, international relations experts, diplomats, staff of foreign affairs ministry and other stakeholders. Secondary data were sourced from publications, editorials, articles, textbooks, journals, newspapers, internet materials in relations to the subject matter. The research work established the fact that security and welfare of the people which is the primary purpose and responsibility of the government has not been adequately attended to due to leadership failure and indiscipline among the political class. However, because of the far-reaching implications of the coup for national life and ECOWAS States at large, the study therefore, recommended, among other things, that all parties involved must embrace peace and come together in order to resolve the matter in a manner that will further promote peace and development in the sub-region.
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Blackwood, Evelyn. "Representing Women: The Politics of MinangkabauAdatWritings." Journal of Asian Studies 60, no. 1 (2001): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2659507.
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Despite a large number of both historical and anthropological works on the Minangkabau of West Sumatra, Indonesia, a number of questions remain concerning this matrilineal and Islamic society. In a recent study, historian Ken Young articulated a growing consensus that the received models of Minangkabau social life are suspect, including the “idealised categories ofnagari[village],adat[customs], matrilineal kinship, lineage property rights, and the autonomy of village communities governed bypanghulu[titled men, Minangkabau spelling]” (Young 1994, 12). Anthropologists have been equally perturbed by what they consider to be inconsistencies in Minangkabau life, such as the contradiction between Islamic law and matrilinealadat(customary laws, beliefs, and practices concerning matrilineal kinship and inheritance). The inconsistency that I address in this essay lies in the contradictory representations of elite men's and elite women's power in Minangkabau literature.
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Makal, Arun, Abhradip Banerjee, Krishnendu Polley, and Bhubon Mohan Das. "Continuity and Change among the Koras of Bindukata." Asian Journal of Social Science 46, no. 1-2 (2018): 52–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04601004.
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The Kora is a small tribal group who are mostly found in eastern part of India. Like many other ethnic groups, the Kora had their own distinct culture, customs, rituals and religion. However, in comparison to other major tribal groups in West Bengal, the Kora as a group to date have recevied relatively little research attention. In this article, we reappraise our experience and observation on the social-cultural life of the Kora people of Paschim Medinipur district, which we collected as part of anthropology undergraduate fieldwork in the year 2002. Through an ethnographic re-analysis method, we try to provide a fair glimpse regarding the process where the Kora, as group, is adopting certain Hindu traits. We also look to find the probable reasons that hold the key to understanding the source of continuity and change in Kora communities at large.
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Miles, William F. S. "Postcolonial Borderland Legacies of Anglo–French Partition in West Africa." African Studies Review 58, no. 3 (2015): 191–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2015.71.
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Abstract:More than five decades after independence, Africa still struggles with the legacies of colonial partition. On the territorial frontiers between the postcolonial inheritors of the two major colonial powers, Great Britain and France, the continuing impact of European colonialism remains most acute. On the one hand, the splitting of erstwhile homogeneous ethnic groups into British and French camps gave rise to new national identities; on the other hand, it circumvented any possibility of sovereignty via ethnic solidarity. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive assessment of the ethnic groups that were divided between English- and French-speaking states in West Africa, let alone the African continent writ large. This article joins postcolonial ethnography to the emerging field of comparative borderland studies. It argues that, although norms of state-based identity have been internalized in the Anglophone–Francophone borderlands, indigenous bases of association and behavior continue to define life along the West African frontier in ways that undermine state sovereignty. Although social scientists tend to focus on national- and sub-national-level analyses, and increasingly on the effects of globalization on institutional change, study of the African borderlands highlights the continuing importance of colonial legacies and grassroots-derived research.
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ELBL, IVANA. "THE VOLUME OF THE EARLY ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE, 1450–1521." Journal of African History 38, no. 1 (1997): 31–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853796006810.
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ALTHOUGH slaves were the most common merchandise in the Portuguese-dominated opening period of the seaborne trade between Europe and Africa, relatively little conclusive information is available on their overall numbers. Even less is known about the distribution of these early exports of slaves in space and time, although these are two of the key factors in assessing the much debated societal impact of the early Atlantic slave trade and the role of slavery in West and West-Central African economic, social and political life.
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Sougou, Ndèye Marème, Oumy Ndiaye, Farah Nabil, et al. "Barriers of West African women scientists in their research and academic careers: A qualitative research." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (2022): e0265413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265413.
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Objective This study aims to identify barriers to the professional advancement of women researchers in West Africa. Methods This was a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional qualitative study conducted between June and September 2020 in five West African countries (Ghana, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Niger and Mali). Interviews were conducted with 21 female and 9 male health researchers by video call. After transcription, the data was thematically analysed using an inductive process. Results Four themes associated with barriers to women’s careers development were identified. First. was family- and environmental-related barriers. Gender norms that assign domestic tasks and responsibilities to women reduced the time they were able to dedicate to research. Second was gender insensitive organisational culture and institutional policies that deepened gender disparities and made it more difficult for women to attain leadership positions. Third was the need for women in research to undergo emancipation programs to strengthen their resilience and ability to make critical decisions as strategic approaches to address the challenges faced by women in the academia were a lot more focused on addressing their relationship with their spouse. Forth, was the individual intermediate perception of professional and personal success which for many women, they perceive themselves as competent as their male counterparts and should not be subject to the gender discrimination they experience. Conclusion The web created between work-life and home-life for West African women researchers mainly as a result of the gender inequalities in the social structure will require more medium- and long-term strategic planning by institutional authorities to reduce gender disparities in research and academia. This work has highlighted the influence of family and social life on the professional lives of West African women researchers. The study could help contribute to the development of gender equality interventions for the career development of women researchers in West Africa.
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Leonard, Douglas W. "Amadou Hampâté Bâ and the Power of Time in the Social Reconstruction of West Africa." Journal of West African History 9, no. 1 (2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/jwestafrihist.9.1.0001.
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Abstract Engaged for much of his life with the swell and ultimate ebb of the French colonial state in West Africa, Amadou Hampâté Bâ sought to reconstitute African societies apart from the destruction of the preceding century. Trained in ethnology by the colonial state, Hampâté Bâ collected oral histories of the area to gain a greater grasp on the power of local conceptions of social and political forms. He appreciated the power of “tradition,” a controversial view that caused many critics to brand him as reactionary. In contrast, Hampâté Bâ positioned his work as an escape from colonial domination. His work fought against European depictions of static, unchanging African societies by employing what he saw as a more African understanding of time. Embracing nonlinear conceptions of the fluidity of human experience across eras, Hampâté Bâ instead proposed that West Africans look to the past to escape the present and reimagine the future. He extolled the virtues of continuity across the rupture of European modernism, pushing Africans away from European norms while widening the applicability of African sociopolitical ideas across West Africa in a fraught effort founded on the mythic histories of the Sahel. Hampâté Bâ sought universality in the particularity of these myths, a contested process that carried the potential of social innovation, growth, and change without the destruction of foreign domination.
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Likhite, Nathalie, Dedenyo Adossi, Lesley Oot, Anne Sophie Le Dain, Manisha Tharaney, and Simeon Nanama. "Factors Influencing the Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding in West and Central Africa." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac065.034.
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Abstract Objectives To disseminate knowledge of social and behavioral factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding to guide national nutrition programs in West and Central Africa. Methods We searched literature up to August 2018 using pre-defined search terms on PubMed, Google Scholar, Popline and The Cochrane Library. We identified 225 references, representing 19 of the 24 countries in West and Central Africa. Most were from Nigeria (n = 108) and Ghana (n = 45). We used thematic content analysis to synthesize quantitative and qualitative findings separately. Results Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding in first 6 months of life were divided into individual, setting and structural levels using the 2016 Lancet conceptual model. Socio-economic attributes, perceptions, beliefs and mother-infant interactions were important at the individual level. Misconceptions around breastmilk's quality and availability (quantity) were factors that influenced mothers to give infants water or other liquids. At the setting level, women's autonomy and grandmothers influenced infant feeding decisions in many families. At the structural level, work was an obstacle to achieving exclusive breastfeeding for women in both formal and informal sectors. Social norms generally supported breastfeeding; however, exclusive breastfeeding was challenged by multiple beliefs, including that giving water quenches thirst and “water is life”. Conclusions This work provided a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed and grey literature on the “Factors Influencing the Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Giving Water in West and Central Africa”. The review provides insights on facilitators as well as the many reasons preventing exclusive breastfeeding and provided evidence for the Stronger With Breastmilk Only regional initiative. Disseminating this knowledge among government stakeholders and their partners will mobilize action to achieve the exclusive breastfeeding WHA 2025 and SDG 2030 targets in the subregion, where only one-third of infants (0–5 months) receive breastmilk only (UNICEF, 2021). Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through Alive & Thrive, managed by FHI Solutions, and UNICEF, West and Central Africa RISING Initiative.
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Prasetya, Irwan Adhi, and Iwan Ramadhan. "Implementasi motion grafis video animasi 2D untuk pengenalan seni, budaya, dan kuliner khas di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat." Academy of Education Journal 15, no. 1 (2024): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47200/aoej.v15i1.1971.
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The growing development of information technology cannot be separated from the use of Multimedia as a means of supporting the delivery of information. Information about West Kalimantan Province is needed by the community in the world of education and knowledge because West Kalimantan has a variety of cultures. This diversity exists because the social life, customs, and art of the region are different from one another. This cultural diversity is a wealth and can be seen in house models, traditional dances, folk songs, musical instruments, and culinary specialties of each Regency / City in West Kalimantan. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to expand knowledge by creating a Motion Graphic 2D Animation Video as an introductory media about the arts, culture, and culinary specialties of West Kalimantan province which is easy to understand and learn and provide information in an interesting way. The research method used is Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC). The development of this multimedia method is carried out based on six stages, namely concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution. These six stages do not have to be sequential in practice, they can be interchanged. However, the concept stage must be the first thing done. The Research Hypothesis is that Information Delivery using this media makes users interested in using it and is easy to use. makes users interested in using it and easy to understand in the process of conveying information.
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Maina, Newton Kahumbi. "The Shirazi Civilisation and its Impact on the East African Coast." Utafiti 14, no. 2 (2020): 242–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-14010014.
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Abstract The relations between Iran and East Africa are captured well by depicting the impact of the Shirazi (Persian) civilisation on the East African coast. But some influential scholars claim that historians tend to dismiss or trivialise the role played by the Shirazis in East Africa. The demonstrable impact of Shirazi civilisation in East Africa is evident in the expansion of trade between the East African coast and the Persian Gulf region with the expansion of Islam. The Persian language has bequeathed to the Kiswahili language many lexicons that are presently still accessible in the region. Persian poets influenced Kiswahili literature through their classic works. The influence of Persian architecture is seen in Shirazi building styles throughout cities including Zanzibar, Kilwa and Manda. Thus Shirazis brought Persian traditions and customs to East Africa, and some Shirazis intermarried with the Arabs and local communities. As compiled here from other sources, there is enough enduring historical evidence to demonstrate incontrovertibly the impact of the Shirazis in social, economic and political aspects of East African life. This legacy arguably justifies greater contemporary cooperation between East African nation states and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Quayesi-Amakye, Joseph. "A YEAST IN THE FLOUR: PENTECOSTALISM AS THE AFRICAN REALISATION OF THE GOSPEL." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 42, no. 3 (2017): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/1591.
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The paper discusses the contributions of Pentecostalism to the development of the Christian faith in Ghana and Africa. It argues that Pentecostalism is what fulfils the aspirations and quest of Ghanaian (African) Christians in their search for authentic Christian life. Christianity came to West Africa as a Western contextualised religion impinged by the nineteenth-century rationalisation, the product of the Enlightenment. This paper contends that Pentecostals influence the ethos and praxis of older mission churches in Ghana. It describes, analyses and assesses the various ways Pentecostals are helping to integrate the Christian faith into the religio-social contexts of Ghanaians. This is a complete paradigm shift from their earlier posture to social matters.
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Kalberg, Stephen. "The Far Slower and More Conflict-Ridden Path to German Social Integration: Toward a Multicausal, Contextual, and Multidirectional Explanatory Framework." German Politics and Society 17, no. 4 (1999): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503099782486789.
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The process of social integration between eastern and western Germans has been significantly slowed by unexpectedly severe tensions along two major axes: the tempo of life and work on the one hand, and interaction patterns on the other. Although distinct explanations for the antagonisms have been offered by easterners and westerners, they share a number of similar weaknesses: a tendency to look outward toward the putative weaknesses of “the other,” a failure to provide multidirectional and broadly multicausal explanations, and a neglect of the manner in which single factors are embedded contextually in configurations of forces. Articulating a series of arguments in opposition to all unidirectional, monocausal, and acontextual modes of analysis, and emphasizing the importance of bringing values, customs, and conventions into the debate, this study calls for an expansion of the parameters of the explanatory framework and a greater acknowledgment of the complexities of east/west social integration.
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Burhanuddin, Nunu, Dodi Pasilaputra, and Hardi Putra Wirman. "Pluralism and Religious Conflict in the Frame of Regional Autonomy in West Sumatra." ADDIN 14, no. 2 (2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/addin.v14i2.8666.
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The diversity of ethnicities, races, and religions is a reality in the life of the nation and state, although it is undeniable that there is a potential for conflict. This study aimed to explain the pattern of religious harmony in West Sumatra within the framework of regional autonomy which is adopted from the cultural system and local wisdom. This study used a phenomenological approach to provide accurate conditions of multi-ethnic, cultural, and religious communities. The results showed that the pattern of religious harmony through the resolution of religious conflicts in several regions in West Sumatra was carried out through the alignment of regional autonomy with local customs and culture. Forms of alignment include alignment of school uniforms, equal distribution of sacrificial meat, the presence of <em>baralek</em>, the tradition of <em>manyiriah</em>, interfaith graves between Muslims and Christians, and the application of customary philosophies. This study contributes to the theory of a cultural approach based on local wisdom in resolving religious conflicts and strengthening social integration of the community.
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Takaendengan, M. E., Y. Setiawan, I. Mansur, and M. Masyhuri. "Socio-Cultural Factors on the Establishment and Development of Communal Homestay in Eco-Rural Tourism." Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) 28, no. 2 (2022): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.28.2.91.
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Socio-cultural aspects in homestay need to be identified since such businesses can make very close interactions among tourists and rural life. This study aimed to analyze socio-cultural factors in the establishment and development of communal homestays in eco-rural tourism. It was conducted in tourist villages in three provinces, namely the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Brayut and Tanjung Villages), West Java (Banceuy and Bunihayu Villages), and North Sulawesi (Bahoi, Tiwoho, Popareng, Tandengan, and Urongo Villages). This research used a close-ended questionnaire with 585 respondents. Data analysis was carried out in a quantitative descriptive by grouping, simplifying, and presenting the class interval data. The results showed that the majority of people in tourist villages agreed on the concept that communal homestay could be a forum for the preservation of the culture, customs, and norms of the local community. In the aspect of cultural heritage conservation, homestay businesses are considered capable of providing the function of protecting and preserving customs, arts, culture, religious traditions, and languages. The management of this communal homestay is considered to create social interaction, cooperation and reduce forms of unhealthy competition.
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Sanfo, Safiétou, William M. Fonta, Ulrich J. Diasso, Michel P. Nikiéma, John P. A. Lamers, and Jerôme E. Tondoh. "Climate- and Environment-Induced Intervillage Migration in Southwestern Burkina Faso, West Africa." Weather, Climate, and Society 9, no. 4 (2017): 823–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0065.1.
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Abstract This study investigated key environmental factors causing intervillage migration by farmers. Therefore, it used household data from surveys, semistructured interviews, life histories, and focus group discussions in southwestern Burkina Faso, West Africa. The results showed that 1) when referring to the experienced historical weather and climate, farmers were aware of the effects of ongoing climate and environmental change; 2) soil degradation, land tenure insecurity, and lack of rainfall were major drivers of environment-induced migration; and 3) soil fertility, productivity, rainfall, and humidity, as well as land tenure security, were major pull factors. Farmers indirectly identified population pressure as a major driver of intervillage migration since it contributes to land degradation and land tenure insecurity. It is argued that migration implicitly adds to the natural climate and environmental stresses. When aiming to elaborate suitable land-use planning, the findings call for additional research that is needed to understand better the complex interrelationships between environmental drivers and permanent, environment-driven intervillage migration.
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Белова, Анна Валерьевна, and Константин Алексеевич Петров. "THE PROBLEM OF SOCIAL DEPRIVATION OF WOMEN IN THE SOCIETIES OF POST-COLONIAL SUBSAHARIAN AFRICA." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: История, no. 2(58) (August 16, 2021): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vthistory/2021.2.088-102.
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Статья посвящена анализу проблемы социальной депривации женщин в обществах постколониальной Тропической Африки. Автор сконцентрировал внимание на изучении важнейших социальных институтов, которые являются определяющими для женской повседневности в субсахарском регионе, - семье, образовании и здравоохранении. В статье выявлены ключевые аспекты депривации: минимальный возраст вступления в брак, главенство в семье, статус женщины, родительские права и обязанности, доступ к образованию, причины отсева девочек из школ, доступ к репродуктивной медицине. Автор приходит к выводу, что главным фактором депривации на постколониальном этапе развития субсахарских обществ остаются обычаи и традиционные практики, способствующие сохранению стереотипов фемининности и формированию типичных гендерных сценариев. The article is an analysis of the problem of social deprivation of women in the societies of postcolonial Tropical Africa. The author focused on the study of the most important social institutions that are decisive for women's everyday life in the Sub-Saharan region - family, education and health care. The author identifies the key aspects of deprivation: the minimum age at marriage, domination in the family, the status of women, parental rights and responsibilities, access to education, reasons for girls dropping out of school, access to reproductive medicine. The author concludes that the main factor of deprivation at the postcolonial stage of development of sub-Saharan societies remains customs and traditional practices that contribute to the preservation of stereotypes of femininity and the formation of typical gender scenarios.
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Colton, Fionndwyfar. "The Destruction of Mali's Cultural Heritage." Potentia: Journal of International Affairs 6 (October 1, 2015): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v6i0.4413.
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In Mali, and throughout West Africa, ongoing illicit trafficking movements and violent conflicts have necessitated a call for new protective measures and policies to protect cultural heritage. Traditional strategies of customs regulation and restriction on the antiquities market have been previously based on economic and legal issues enmeshed in trafficking networks and transnational crime processes. However, these do not reflect the realities of Malian daily life, nor do they go beyond the onedimensional stance framing the actions of looters and traffickers as a facet of these processes. What is ignored are the underlying motivations for looting and illicit antiquities trafficking and how these motivations are affected by, and enacted through, the ever shifting socio-political climate that has been Mali’s system of government since its independence from the French Sudan in 1960. This paper explores the realities of looting throughout Mali, ongoing debates concerning the representation of Malian antiquities in the transnational art trade, and the ways in which both national and international bodies have attempted to thwart ongoing heritage destruction.
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Rotich, Cathleen Chepkorir, and Richard Starcher. "Traditional Marriage Education among the Kipsigis of Kenya with Application to Local Church Ministry in Urban Africa." Mission Studies 33, no. 1 (2016): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341433.
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The Church in urban Africa is seeing an increase in marriages and homes experiencing disruption due to divorce. In a bid to forward discussion on marriage issues, the church has developed material on premarital education. However, much of this material has been adapted from the West. The contribution of an African system to education remains largely unexplored. The purpose of this study is to explore the Kipsigis community’s marriage preparation customs with a view to recommend ways they might inform a local church’s efforts to develop a more culturally relevant curriculum that includes points of integration. While reintroducing principles on marital instruction from a traditional African culture is an unlikely panacea to marriage and family dysfunction in a contemporary context, the study suggests that from an early age, within the context of God’s community, children, youth and adults might learn and value the place of family life. Data collected from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with seven participants in the Kericho District were analyzed using grounded theory procedures of open, axial and selective coding. The study uncovered a cycle of influencers and educators, with the core being family and widening to mentors and the community at large. The context of learning was imbedded in everyday life and moved from unstructured to focused learning as children entered adolescence. The article concludes by suggesting four transferable points of application for integrating principles from traditional culture’s practices: 1) intentional community, 2) intergeneration interaction, 3) integrated learning, and 4) carefully chosen mentors.
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Alber, Erdmute. "Préparer la Retraite: New Age-Inscriptions in West African Middle Classes." Anthropology & Aging 39, no. 1 (2018): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/aa.2018.171.
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New ways of imagining, planning and living old age are actually emerging in the republic of Benin, West Africa. This process could be understood as the dissemination of an idea of retirement from the sector of formal labor and the corresponding social security system to a general notion of a good life in the late life course. It is preceded by emerging age-inscriptions which are contouring the new up to a point that it is settled and becoming a norm or a dominant pattern. It is also linked to the emergence of new a African middle class. It is going hand in hand with the emergence of other changes in the imaginaries of the life- course, for instance new ways of living and imagining youth. Additionally, it goes along with an accelerating process of social differentiation, since living old age as retirement is, for the moment, only possible for people who are more or less doing well and able to gain the necessary resources of self-maintenance during a time after work. Thus, retirement has become, beyond the sphere of formal work, a generalized notion of new pathways of old age. However, up to now, the desire to live old age as retirement is still an emerging age- inscription and has not become the dominant norm.
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Santos, Larissa Ramos dos. "AS MATRIARCAS DO AXÉ." Revista Relicário 7, no. 13 (2021): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46731/relicario-v7n13-2020-160.
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Resumo
 Entre os séculos XVI e XIX, a escravidão gerou um intenso fluxo de comércio de escravos entre o Brasil e a costa ocidental da África. Junto com as populações escravizadas, também foram trazidas para cá inúmeras tradições, costumes e diversas religiosidades; dentre elas o candomblé e a tradição social, dentre as nações nagô, da autonomia feminina. Essas mulheres autônomas na esfera social, africanas e descendentes delas, foram as grandes matriarcas do famoso candomblé baiano, que formado na diáspora, foi fotografado e estudado durante décadas pelo francês Pierre Fatumbi Verger. O presente trabalho propõe uma análise sobre a representação da figura feminina no candomblé, em algumas fotografias de Verger.
 Palavras-chave: Diáspora. Representação. Mulheres.
 
 Abstract
 Between the 16th and 19th centuries, slavery generated an intense flow of slaves commerce between Brazil and the west coast of Africa. Along with the enslaved populations, many traditions, customs, and various religiosities have also been brought here; among them the Candomblé and the social tradition, among the Nagô nations, of feminine autonomy. These autonomous women in the social sphere, African and descendants of them, were the great matriarchs of the famous Bahian candomblé, photographed and studied for decades by Frenchman Pierre Fatumbi Verger. The present work proposes an analysis on the representation of the female figure in candomblé, in some of Verger’s photographs.
 Keywords: Diaspora. Representation. Women.
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Deng, Yawen. "Life and Work Changes of African Businessmen Who Stayed in Guangzhou Before and after the Epidemic." BCP Business & Management 30 (October 24, 2022): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v30i.2403.
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Since the end of the 20th century, African businessmen have gradually moved from Hong Kong to Guangzhou Xiaobei and Guangyuan West Road. However, with the occurrence of the epidemic, due to policy, economic, and social reasons, the commerce and trade in Guangzhou, China and Africa have undergone great changes. Many previous the migration laws and migration patterns of African businessmen in Guangzhou have changed, this paper focuses on the way of maintaining China-Africa after the epidemic and the directions that can be explored in the future. The study found that kinship capital has a crucial influence on African businessmen in Guangzhou, and international students have also become a large part of Africans in Guangzhou. From a macro level, although the China-Africa policy has been strictness, there are still many possibilities for development, and this also provides a new development direction - online cross-border commerce. At the micro level, kinship capital determines and lays the foundation for the work and life of African businessmen in Suzhou. In the future, the China-Africa Business Association will conduct online cross-border commerce and trade through online live streaming, while African businessmen who stay in Guangzhou will build a bridge between China-Africa commerce and trade with their student status and kinship capital.
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Dinbabo, Mulugeta F., Adeyemi Badewa, and Collins Yeboah. "Socio-Economic Inequity and Decision-Making under Uncertainty: West African Migrants’ Journey across the Mediterranean to Europe." Social Inclusion 9, no. 1 (2021): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i1.3663.
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Understanding the nexus between poverty, inequality and decision-making under uncertainty in migrants’ journeys across the Mediterranean Sea to Europe remains a significant challenge, raising intense scholarly debate. Several suggestions have been offered on how to reduce migrants’ journeys across the Mediterranean Sea to Europe in several guises, including the formulation and implementation of proper social, political and economic policies in Africa. Despite all odds and challenges, migrants from Africa cross state boundaries and stay in transit state(s) for limited periods, en route the Mediterranean Sea to Europe. Underpinned by different migration theories and conceptual frameworks, our study applied a qualitative methodology to examine why migrants decide, under uncertainty, to cross the Mediterranean Sea from their countries of origin to the ultimate destinations in Europe. While focusing on the life experiences of purposively selected migrants from West Africa, the research seeks to address the underlying factors of irregular migration. The result of this empirical study clearly illustrates that limited access to opportunities, poverty and unemployment amidst precarious development challenges and the youth population bulge, exacerbate Africa’s migration crisis. The study finally brings into focus empirical observations and provides suggestions for stakeholders’ engagement in addressing African migration challenges.
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Azzahra, Fatimah, and Rasmuin Rasmuin. "Peta Kapanca: Guiding the Journey to Marriage in the Cultural Context of Bima, West Nusa Tenggara." Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Missio 16, no. 1 (2024): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36928/jpkm.v16i1.2205.
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This research reviews the Peta Kapanca, an ancient tradition that guides marriage in Bima culture, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This research aims to understand the cultural values, customs, and rituals associated with the Peta Kapanca newlywed procession. A qualitative approach was used in this research, where the data collection methods were in-depth interviews and a literature review. The results showed that Peta Kapanca has a central role in guiding prospective brides and grooms in facing the transition stage toward marriage. The rituals involve family, traditional elders, and community leaders to provide the future bride and groom support, advice, and direction. Values such as cooperation, respect for ancestors, and family togetherness are the main foundations for implementing the Peta Kapanca. Overall, the Peta Kapanca is an integral part of the social and cultural life of the Bima people. This tradition plays an important role in preserving cultural values and local identity. Therefore, to ensure the continuity of the Peta Kapanca, the community and government need collaborative efforts to preserve and appreciate this valuable cultural heritage
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Powell, Amy Knight. "Life and death according to the ‘episteme’ of the fort." Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art / Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek Online 72, no. 1 (2022): 272–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22145966-07201010.
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Abstract In Amy Powell’s essay social death’ offers a prism through which to analyse the said painting and specifically what it conceals – namely, the bodies of Black Africans sold into the transatlantic slave trade from storerooms located immediately beneath the sumptuous chamber depicted here. Wilre, portrayed as director of the WIC at the Dutch fort of Elmina on the ‘gold coast’ of West Africa, profited hugely from this trade even as he obfuscated the source of his wealth in images like this portrait. Powell’s analysis asks us to consider how those basement storerooms, and victims of the slave trade they contained, are ever present in De Wit’s painting, even as they are not figuratively represented. Her reading of two pictures within this picture draws attention to those who have suffered social death. The embedded pictures appear to reflect back to aspects of Wilre’s experience at Elmina as well as the impossibility of fully seeing the bodies marked, dismembered, and ultimately annihilated through the slave trade.
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Akimov, A. "Demographic Burst, Population Ageing and Labor-saving Technologies: Interaction in the 21st Century." World Economy and International Relations 60, no. 5 (2016): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-5-50-60.
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The ageing of population in the coming decades is becoming a constraint on economic growth in developed economies and countries of Eastern Asia, but labor-saving technologies including robotics and artificial intelligence may remove this limitation. At the same time, population growth in South Asia and Africa will face lower demand for cheap and low-qualified labor. Pairs of scenarios (success and failure) are proposed for principal regions and countries. For the West, a positive scenario is “the West closes”, which foresees high level of the industrial application of robots and no labor immigration. A negative one – “The West dissolves”, which means high immigration, but no jobs for immigrants, and immigrants’ straddle for domination in social life. The “robo China” foresees high level of robotics in China, high productivity and governmental planning of labor market. The “two Chinas” contemplates an urban high-tech China and a rural China which is not integrated into technological modernization. Central government hardly keeps social situation stable in this case. For India, the “partial participation in robotized economy” is a positive choice making India an element of the new global economy. India develops in the same vein as the West and China. “Out of the new economy” leaves India in the group of developing nations. For Africa, a positive scenario is “rental economy”. Human potential of Africa is not in demand as labor-saving technologies dominate in the global economy, but natural resources attract foreign investors. They pay rent, and it is distributed by governments among inhabitants. “Population growth burden” is a negative variant that foresees high unemployment and lack of financial resources. International assistance is the only way out in this case. Russia is buying labor-saving technologies abroad. The structure of Russian economy now enables to remove limitations resulting from the population ageing, but technological import makes Russia highly vulnerable.
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Muhammad, Sule. "Evacuation Of Nationals Of West Africa Origin In Diaspora In Response To Covid-19 Pandemic In Europe: Insights From Social Studies Education." Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal 02, no. 03 (2023): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.59231/sari7591.
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The study examined the impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Socio-economic activities of people of West Africa State. One research question guided the study. The research design was the exploratory. The Instrument used in data collection was Qualitative. Funnel Shape procedures used in reviewing Literature. Convince sampling technique was used in data collection, data have been collected based on exhaustive consultation of many journals and online records. The published data from ACAPS (2020) was analysed to determine the Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic on Socio-Economic Activities of the People of West Africans’ States. The study indicated that over 21 million people were socially and economically implicated as a result of COVID-19 Pandemic in West African. The finding reveals that 68.8 million people were socio-economically affected. The findings of the study concluded that, the COVID-19 Pandemic has affected almost all areas of human life both socially, economically and politically in West African States at large. The vulnerable people become desperate and destitute in the society. The Pandemic affected both household and children education in the states. Since this Pandemic was spreads all over the world, the situation and normal activities of the people were yet to be normal. The finding of the study has recommended that, West African States governments should initiate useful programme that will help the business owners and needy people by given them loan and grant to revive their business activities. School academic calendar need to be adjusted so as to bridge the gap of education in the African states.
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Unya, Ikenna Ukpabi. "The Historical Significance and Role of the Kola Nut among the Igbo of Southeastern Nigeria." Journal of Religion and Human Relations 13, no. 1 (2021): 289–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jrhr.v13i1.13.
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There are many customs and traditions that have effectively given the Igbo of Southeastern Nigeria group identity and social cohesion. And the kola nut is one of those realities. However, it is not only the Igbo that cherish and reverence the kola nut. In fact, kola nut is a highly prized fruit among the people of West Africa where its importance is seen in the social and religious customs of the people. But the Igbo lay special claim to kola nut and view it as the king of all fruits on earth because of the roles it play; hence, the kola is seen among the Igbo as a symbol of acceptance, cooperation and solidarity. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the historical origin of the kola nut based on the Igbo ancestral myths and the symbolic interpretations of the different lobes of the Cola acuminata. The study will also investigate the significance and functions of the kola nut and how the influence of modernization is eroding its traditional values. The study is basically qualitative. It utilized existing literature on kola nut with oral sources in order to enhance our knowledge on kola nut. The study’s findings reveal that kola nut consumption and functions are part of Africa’s indigenous traditions that survived colonial intrusion, although the influence of modernization is greatly threatening the ritual functions and the traditional values. The study, thus, concludes by recommending that the Igbo should restore the significance and values of the kola nut by planting more kola nut trees in order to increase its availability and affordability as a source of hospitality and acceptance. Again, the Igbo communities and leaders should create a platform where the origin, significance and values of the kola nut must be taught and passed from generation to generation.
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Ibukun, Cleopatra Oluseye. "The role of governance in the health expenditure–health outcomes nexus: insights from West Africa." International Journal of Social Economics 48, no. 4 (2021): 557–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-06-2020-0404.
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PurposeDespite the global attempt at achieving goal 3 of the Sustainable Development Goals by improving health outcomes, some countries (West African countries inclusive) still do not spend a significant proportion of their income on health and they exhibit health outcomes that are still far below that of developed countries. Besides countries like Nigeria, Chad and Guinea-Bissau are experiencing worsening insecurity and political instability. This study, therefore, examines the effect of health expenditure on three health outcomes in the West African sub-region, while investigating the effect of the quality of governance in this nexus.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducts an instrumental variable approach (two-stage least squares regression) on a panel of 15 West African countries over the period 2000–2018. This study uses three proxies to measure health outcomes and six measures of the quality of governance were also considered.FindingsThe result of this study shows that all forms of health expenditures significantly influenced health outcomes. That is, there is a negative relationship between health expenditure, infant mortality and under-five mortality, but a positive relationship between health expenditure and life expectancy at birth. Besides, the general effect of the same quantity of public health spending is subject to the quality of governance because countries with a higher quality of governance benefit better from their public health spending.Originality/valueThis study, to the authors' knowledge, is the first empirical attempt to examine the role of governance in the health expenditure-health outcomes nexus in 15 ECOWAS countries, using different measures of health outcomes and governance.
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Sunaryo, Fransiska Dewi Setiowati. "Duan Lolat culture during the times capital city of Jakarta." Brazilian Journal of Development 10, no. 4 (2024): e69095. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv10n4-052.
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The capital city of Jakarta is one of the places that most people in Indonesia want to visit, including people from West Southeast Maluku ethnicity, Maluku Province. Not a few migrants from West Southeast Maluku who live in Jakarta when returning to their hometowns invite their relatives to try their luck in the capital city of Jakarta. They come to settle down while still preserving the customs and culture of the people of West Southeast Maluku better known as the Tanimbar Islands. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the duan lolat culture that is still preserved by migrant communities from the Tanimbar islands even though they have migrated to the capital city of Jakarta and its surroundings. One of them is the value of kinship called Duan Lolat. The research was conducted using the historical method. The sources used were written sources such as literature studies, documents, and interviews with traditional leaders and Tanimbar people in Jakarta. The results of this study show that Duan and Lolat are social statuses derived from marital relationships, and marriage is the basis for determining the social status of Duan and Lolat. In marriage, the party who gives the daughter will in turn become Duan, while the party who receives the daughter will become Lolat. After marriage, the female family becomes Duan while the male family, the offspring of the married couple, becomes Lolat from the female family. The institutionalization of the Duan Lolat value occurs throughout human life, starting from birth, marriage, house construction, to death.
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Awosika, Felix Olanrewaju. "Transforming Public Service Performance in West Africa Through Innovations: Experiences from Ghana and Nigeria." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 2, no. 4 (2014): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v2i4.68.
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Public service reflects the state of the nation and no nation has been able to advance beyond its public service. The need for innovation in the public service therefore cannot be underestimated. It is at the heart of the public service’s efforts to improve performance and productivity. It is important to note that the logic of public service performance is changing profoundly due to innovations. This development paves the way for new forms of interaction and socio-economic composition in social and economic life. This article provides an overview of the on-going service transformation and applies it to public service delivery in West Africa. Our focus is on innovation in public service delivery, which refers to innovations that aim at renewing or improving public service performance. Using secondary data and content analysis, this article examines the phenomenon of low performance in the public service in two West African countries and recommends measures for improvement. The article concludes that innovations in the public sector guarantee survival and improve performance in public service delivery.
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Newell, Stephanie. "An Introduction to the Writings of J. G. Mullen, An African Clerk, in the Gold Coast Leader, 1916–19." Africa 78, no. 3 (2008): 384–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0001972008000235.
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J. G. Mullen was a Gold Coast clerk who published his memoirs, in instalments, in the Gold Coast Leader from 1916 to 1919. In this unusual narrative, he describes his adventures in Cameroon before and during the First World War. His account combines real-life geographical and social details with flamboyant tropes probably derived from imperial popular literature. Mullen's biography and even identity have so far been otherwise untraceable. His text offers glimpses, always enigmatic, of the experience and outlook of a member of the new clerkly class of colonial West Africa. This contribution presents an edited extract from Mullen's text together with a contextualizing and interpretative essay. The full Mullen text is available in the online version of this issue of Africa.
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Mabvurira, Vincent. "Making sense of African thought in social work practice in Zimbabwe: Towards professional decolonisation." International Social Work 63, no. 4 (2018): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872818797997.
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The problem with current social work practice in Africa is that following its development in the West, it came to Africa grounded in values and ideologies stemming from capitalism, social Darwinism, the protestant ethic and individualism, all of which are un-African. Western ideas permeated social work institutions despite the ethical conflicts between traditional African cultures and values and the Western Judeo-Christian norms on which social work was based. Despite the political independence of most African countries, the profession has remained stuck in Western methods, values, principles and standards. Some of the traditional social work principles seem alien in African contexts. The social work principle of individualisation, for example, is un-African as it promotes individualism and yet life in Africa is communal. The content used in social work education and training in most institutions in Zimbabwe originated from elsewhere outside the African continent and as a result does not respect Africana values, beliefs, mores, taboos and traditional social protection systems. As it stands, social work in Zimbabwe in particular is a ‘mermaid’ profession based on Western theory but serving African clients. If social work in Africa is to decolonise, practitioners should have an understanding of and respect for African beliefs and practices. This is mainly because there is no clear separation between the material and the sacred among indigenous African people. This article therefore challenges African scholars to generate Afrocentric knowledge that should be imparted to African students for them to be effective in the African context. Afrocentric social work should be based on, improve and professionalise traditional helping systems that were in place prior to the coming of the Whites to the African continent.
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Allsworth-Jones, P. "Continuity and Change in Yoruba Pottery." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 59, no. 2 (1996): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00031591.
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Mrs. A.K. Fatunsin's Yoruba pottery (Lagos, 1992) is the outcome of a project funded by the Ford Foundation (grant no. 875–1066) as part of its continuing programme ‘to preserve and interpret diverse aspects of West Africa's cultural heritage’. The intention of the project as suggested to them in 1985 by this author was that it should ‘go beyond the mere collection of artefacts’. Emphasis was to be ‘placed on techniques of pottery manufacture, sources and types of raw material, methods of forming the pots, decoration and firing, as well as forms and functions including the designated names for the pots in the different parts of the Yoruba speaking area.’ Also investigated would be the uses to which the pots were put; and the organization, beliefs and customs of the potters themselves. The monograph resulting from the work would be designed to show pots ‘not just as art objects but as basic components of the entire economic, social, and religious life of the people’.
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Van der Meij, Nienke, Paul Darby, and Katie Liston. "“The Downfall of a Man is Not the End of His Life”: Navigating Involuntary Immobility in Ghanaian Football." Sociology of Sport Journal 34, no. 2 (2017): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2016-0101.
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The burgeoning number of football academies in Africa are widely understood by young aspiring players and their family members as a conduit for transnational migration and a professional career in the game. However, for the vast majority of academy recruits the stark reality is involuntary immobility. While there is a growing literature on African football migration, the experiences of young players from the continent who are unable to translate their academy training into a professional career overseas has been neglected. This article addresses this lacuna by focusing on how this process is experienced and navigated by a cohort of former Ghanaian academy players. These experiences are positioned within the context of the intergenerational contract, a pervasive social norm in West Africa that places considerable expectations on young adults to reciprocate materially to their household. The analyses here are based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork in Ghana totalling 12 months, conducted between January 2008 and July 2015.
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Cardinal, Ihejirika, ThankGod Bekweri Amadi, and Tamunosiki Markson. "Knowledge and Its Significances in African Worldview: The Case of Igbos of Chinua Achebe’s Arrow of GodIhejirika, Cardinal." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. IV (2023): 1603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7534.
Full textAbstract:
An individual’s wealth of knowledge among other virtues determine his choices and in the case of a leader, how well he leads. The problem of leadership is a theme which runs through Achebe’s trilogy namely, No Longer at Ease, Things Fall Apart and our present Text. In Arrow of God, Achebe decries the wane of both Igbo customs and traditions which followed the advent of colonialists and Christian missionaries into Africa. Ezeulu (who epitomizes Igbo customs and traditions) finds his traditional authority being challenged. This constituted an affront to the spirituality, social cohesion and stability of Igbo society. Even Ezeulu lost his life despite his ready receptivity of some pertinent ideological changes demanded by the times. The worrisome problem becomes: how could the reliable and stable Igbo worldview succumb to a divisive foreign epistemology? The battle of these two worldviews and cultures culminated in violence and death. Achebe condemns such violence and creates the need for a knowledge system that will engender societal development by harmonizing the positive elements of African and European worldviews. In order to bridge this epistemological gap, our study examines the notions of knowledge among the Igbos of Arrow of God, identifies their significances and proposes the idea of cultural integrativism as a panacea for cultural and ideological conflicts. The researcher adopted the analytical and hermeneutical methods of inquiry.
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Falade, Bankole Adebayo. "‘Where are the graves of coronavirus victims?’ Beliefs, conspiracy theories and representations of COVID-19 in Africa." Cultures of Science 5, no. 4 (2022): 192–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20966083221143927.
Full textAbstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected everyday life in Africa, a continent that is known for its high levels of religious belief. Using a corpus of news articles and the social representations research paradigm, this study examines African understandings of the pandemic. It uses installation theory, the wind rose model and the accommodation hypothesis to explore the coexistence between science and belief. The accommodation hypothesis demonstrates that the representations were hierarchical, to elevate God above science. Faith leaders also used the pandemic to enhance faith by blaming sin and urging repentance or blaming science by espousing conspiracy theories about the pandemic being a grand design to draw believers away from God. This paper highlights the great disparity in experience between Africa and the West, initially fuelling conspiracy theories. The findings also reinforce two key conceptual approaches: installation theory on the influence of rules imposed by society on behaviour, and the wind rose model in which representations change over time and in response to social interactions.
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Holzer, Jerzy. "Triumf i kryzys komunizmu – 1968." Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no. 18 (March 30, 2010): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2010.18.03.
Full textAbstract:
The events of 1968 were, in Europe, the last act of fascination with Communism while, simultaneously, its Soviet model was rejected and other varieties were popular. With the exception of Czechoslovakia, these events were also a generational movement, most of all a student one. The Communist social stipulations were combined with political demands aimed at implementing direct democracy. What was missing in the West, however, was the comprehension of the problems occurring in the Soviet block and a knowledge of the situation in the non-European Communist countries. In the East, on the other hand, what was lacking was a more active interest in Western frustrations. The movements of 1968 suffered a defeat everywhere, though the reasons for this were different.In Western Europe, they were wholly unsupported by organisational structures, while the awareness of the realities of all Communist regimes, which did gradually sink in, evoked disappointment. In the Eastern part of Europe, the crushing of revisionism, which attempted to combine Communism with democracy, pointed the way towards perspectives other than reformed Communism. Despite the defeat, the events of 1968 became an important watershed in the life of Europe, to a large degree transforming society’s awareness and customs in the West, and the political awareness of the generation entering adulthood in the East.