Academic literature on the topic 'African American families in art'

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Journal articles on the topic "African American families in art"

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Schiele, Jerome H. "The Personal Responsibility Act of 1996: The Bitter and the Sweet for African American Families." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 79, no. 4 (1998): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.704.

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The Personal Responsibility Act of 1996 represents the most tangible legacy of the 104th Congress and the Republicans' ‘Contract with America.’ Though the act will have devastating consequences for all poor and working-class families, its effects on the African American community will be especially ominous. This is because African American families experience poverty at a greater rate than do European American and other families. More over, the feature of the act that reduces the amount of financial assistance to families when one of their members has been convicted of a drug-related felony will also endanger African American families since African Americans are most likely to be convicted of drug-related crimes. In the midst of these harsh outcomes, the feature of the act that allows states to establish contracts with religious organizations could bode well for aggrandizing the role the black church can play in providing social services and employment opportunities for African American families. This paper examines the paradoxes the act poses for African American families and offers suggestions to assist the African American community in meeting the challenges and exploiting the opportunities of a rapidly changing social service delivery system.
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Lawson, Erma Jean, Hamilton I. McCubbin, Elizabeth A. Thompson, Anne I. Thompson, and Jo A. Futrell. "Resiliency in African American Families." Journal of Marriage and the Family 61, no. 3 (1999): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/353584.

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Stevenson, Howard C. "Racial Socialization in African American Families: The Art of Balancing Intolerance and Survival." Family Journal 2, no. 3 (1994): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480794023002.

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Brody, Gene H., Zolinda Stoneman, Trellis Smith, and Nicole Morgan Gibson. "Sibling Relationships in Rural African American Families." Journal of Marriage and the Family 61, no. 4 (1999): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/354023.

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Knudson, Paul. "Continuing Social Constraints in Education Agency: The School Choices and Experiences of Middle- Class African American Families in Albany, NY." Qualitative Sociology Review 17, no. 1 (2021): 150–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.17.1.10.

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This paper explores the experiences of middle-class African American parents who have enrolled their children in a central-city public school district and the factors that inform and contribute to their school enrollment decisions. Data come from nineteen in-depth interviews with middle-class African American parents in Albany, New York. The paper uses the conceptual framework of empowerment and agency to explore and analyze the findings. Findings suggest that middle-class African American parents possess some measure of empowerment based on their human capital and positive childhood experiences in public schools. The latter denotes the salience of emotions in intergenerational education transmission. Parents’ empowerment, however, does not fully extend to agency. Most parents’ school choices have been structured and narrowed by racial segregation in residence and by the real and perceived racial exclusion in private school settings. Therefore, even for highly-educated, middle-income African Americans, anxieties over racial exclusion act as a strong social constraint on parents’ community and school choices.
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Sexton, David, Marcia Lobman, Theresa Constans, Patricia Snyder, and James Ernest. "Early Interventionists Perspectives of Multicultural Practices with African-American Families." Exceptional Children 63, no. 3 (1997): 313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299706300302.

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This study examined the multicultural practice perspectives of 170 early interventionists serving African-American children and families in a southern state of the United States, in relation to the requirements of Part H of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Results of the Early Intervention Multicultural Practices Survey indicated that these participants were positive about the multicultural nature of their individual and agency practices. Participants were less favorable, however, in their ratings of systemic support for multicultural practices. Differences were found for multicultural practice perspectives based on reported racial or cultural self-identification. The results support innovative and systematic inservice multicultural training that includes administrators.
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Wu, Ed Y., Ben T. Reeb, Monica J. Martin, Frederick X. Gibbons, Ronald L. Simons, and Rand D. Conger. "Paternal Hostility and Maternal Hostility in European American and African American Families." Journal of Marriage and Family 76, no. 3 (2014): 638–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12107.

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Jones, Deborah J., Rex Forehand, Gene Brody, and Lisa Armistead. "Parental Monitoring in African American, Single Mother-Headed Families." Behavior Modification 27, no. 4 (2003): 435–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445503255432.

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Harry, Beth. "These Families, Those Families: The Impact of Researcher Identities on the Research Act." Exceptional Children 62, no. 4 (1996): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299606200401.

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This article discusses the various, sometimes competing, self-identities of the qualitative researcher and the impact of these identities on decision making in the research process. The author proposes that while culture provides the backdrop to identity, various aspects of the microcultures to which a researcher belongs may result in varying “personas” that influence decision making about the research process. The author illustrates these points with examples from her ethnographic research with African-American/Latino, low- to middle-income families of children with disabilities.
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Burgess, Norma J., and Hayward Derrick Horton. "African American Women and Work: A Socio-Historical Perspective." Journal of Family History 18, no. 1 (1993): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909301800104.

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The development of work roles among African American women is discussed using a self-regenerating loop characteristic of historicist theory. The necessity of a multicultural view of women and work is essential in understanding African American women and their families. The use of past circumstances and consequences results in a more comprehensive model for African American married women in the incorporation of the interaction between work and family. Work outside the home as a significant component in the lives of African American women commands careful attention to theories and historical discussions. Different experiences by race in paid employment outside the home have implications for understanding current issues affecting all employed women.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "African American families in art"

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Atkins, Stephen Charles. "An Archaeological Perspective on the African-American Slave Diet at Mount Vernon's House for Families." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625859.

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Iyalomhe, Nwanyieze. "The impact of the Adoption And Safe Families Act of 1997 on African American kinship caregivers| A policy analysis." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10065206.

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<p> The purpose of this thesis was to analyze the Adoptions and Safe Families Act (ASFA) of 1997 and how it has affected African American kinship caregivers. This study utilized David Gil&rsquo;s policy analysis framework to analyze the ASFA of 1997 as well as primary and secondary data. This analysis specifically examines whether the provisions within the legislature have provided adequate support to African American kinship caregivers toward accomplishing the intended goal of achieving permanency for foster children. The study also explores how the ASFA of 1997 has impacted parents&rsquo; ability to reunify with their children within the time frames set by the policy. In addition, the types of services received, the characteristics of the African American kinship caregivers, the barriers that they come across, and the consequences for this population are discussed. Finally, the implications for social work practice and policy are discussed.</p>
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Smith, Starita. "Neckbones and Sauerfowches: From Fractured Childhood in the Ghetto to Constantly Changing Womanhood in the World." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3113/.

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A collection of five memoiristic essays arranged about themes of family, womanhood and the African-American community with a preface. Among the experiences the memoirs recount are childhood abandonment; verbal and emotional child abuse; mental illness; poverty; and social and personal change. Essays explore the lasting impact of abandonment by a father on a girl as she grows into a woman; the devastation of family turmoil and untreated mental illness; generational identity in the African-American community. One essay describes the transition from the identity-forming profession of journalism to academia. The last essay is about complicated and conflicting emotions toward patriotism and flag-waving on the part of a black woman who has lived through riots, little known police shootings of students on black campuses, and many other incidents that have divided Americans.
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Sheely, Angela. "School based child parent relationship therapy (CPRT) with low income Black American parents: Effects on children's behaviors and parent-child relationship stress, a pilot study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6053/.

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This study examined the effectiveness of training low income Black American parents in child parent relationship therapy (CPRT). In response to the cultural values and challenges faced by low income Black American parents, the CPRT manual was adapted slightly for use with parents for this study. In this quasi-experimental design, 14 parents were assigned to the experimental group and 13 parents were assigned to the no treatment control group. Six hypotheses were analyzed. Different analyses were conducted based on the hypotheses. A two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were conducted to determine if the CPRT treatment and the no treatment control group performed differently across time according to pretest and posttest results of the Child Behavior Checklist - Parent Version (CBCL) and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Additionally, partial η2 was calculated to determine practical significance. Five hypotheses were retained at the .025 level of significance. Findings indicated that parents who participated in the CPRT training reported a statistically significant decrease in parent-child relationship stress. Specifically, parents assigned to the experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in Child Domain (p < .001), Parent Domain (p < .001), and Total Stress (p < .001) of the PSI when compared to parents assigned to the no treatment control group. Similarly, results indicated that parents assigned to the experimental group reported statistically significant improvements in Total Problems (p < .01) and Externalizing Problems (p = .001) of the CBCL, when compared to parents assigned to the no treatment control group. No statistical significant results were found on Internalizing Problems.
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Crum, Melissa R. "Creating Inviting and Self-Affirming Learning Spaces: African American Women's Narratives of School and Lessons Learned from Homeschooling." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397824234.

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Jackson, Jeanette. "Culturally-Responsive Dance: Building Community One Step at a Time." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1356091805.

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Harvey, Sharlonda. "Parent training with African-American families /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459903961&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2007.<br>"Department of Psychology." Keywords: African-American families, Parenting, Black parents, Parent training, African-American, Families, Human services Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-125). Also available online.
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Buckner, Porsche J. "Racial Identity of Transracial African-American Adoptees: A Comparative Study of Adoptees in Caucasian Families and African-American Families." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1245383302.

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Meldman, Linda S. "African American families, perspectives of racism and delinquency /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7199.

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Wilcots, Anthony W. "Who is responsible? an exploration of the black church's charge to bring wholeness to the suffering African American family /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.

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Books on the topic "African American families in art"

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Engram, Eleanor. Will the real Black family please stand up? Center for Holistic Education, 1985.

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Terry, Evelyn Patricia. The Black family. Edited by Simon Leonard 1936- and Patrick and Beatrice Haggerty Museum of Art. Patrick and Beatrice Haggerty Museum of Art, Marquette University, 1992.

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Deborah, Willis. Imagining families: Images and voices. Edited by Lusaka Jane and National African American Museum (U.S.). National African American Museum, A Smithsonian Institution Project, 1994.

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Don't tell me I can't fly: Inspired by the life and art of Della Wells. Dramatic Pub., 2012.

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Fairlie, Robert W. Why are black-owned businesses less successful than white-owned businesses?: The role of families, inheritances, and business human capital. IZA, 2004.

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Catherine, Dorsey-Gaines, ed. Growing up literate: Learning from inner-city families. Heinemann, 1988.

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Lewis, Samella S. Art: African American. 2nd ed. Hancraft Studios, 1990.

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African-American art. Oxford University Press, 1998.

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Patton, Sharon F. African-American art. Oxford University Press, 1998.

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African American families. Sage Publications, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "African American families in art"

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Antá Rodgers, Selena T. "The Art of Healing: An Afrocentric Helping Guide for Practitioners Working with African-American Families Who Experience Intimate Partner Violence." In Issues in Children's and Families' Lives. Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-29598-5_6.

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Dilworth-Anderson, Peggye, and Heehyul Moon. "Working with African American Families." In Ethnicity and the Dementias. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315161358-10.

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Lawson, Bill E. "Jazz and the African-American Experience: The Expressiveness of African-American Music." In Language, Mind, and Art. Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8313-8_10.

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Dow, Dawn Marie. "The Deadly Challenges of Raising African American Boys." In The State of Families. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429397868-58.

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Harding, David J., Jeffrey D. Morenoff, Cheyney C. Dobson, et al. "Families, Prisoner Reentry, and Reintegration." In Boys and Men in African American Families. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43847-4_8.

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Boyd-Franklin, Nancy. "Therapy with African American inner-city families." In Integrating family therapy: Handbook of family psychology and systems theory. American Psychological Association, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10172-020.

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Sears, Christine E. "“Far Distant from Our Country, Families, Friends, and Connections”." In American Slaves and African Masters. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137295033_3.

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Hrabowski, Freeman A., Kenneth I. Maton, Monica Greene, and Geoffrey L. Greif. "Successful African American Young Women and Their Families." In Overcoming the Odds. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195126426.003.0004.

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When we read or hear about young African American women in our society, we usually find that the emphasis is on problems—from welfare and teenage pregnancy to violence and drugs. Rarely do the media focus on the success of young Black girls in school or of African American women in professional careers. For example, despite the fact that the nation’s teenage pregnancy rates have steadily declined since 1991, and that the majority of the nation’s pregnant teenagers are not Black, it is common nevertheless for the American public immediately to associate the expression, "babies having babies," with young Black girls. This association is largely created and reinforced by images presented in the media of young African American women in trouble, either as unwed mothers or, in more recent years, as gang members. Less well known are the significant accomplishments and value of African American women and the enormous role they can, and do, play in our nation. Consider the prose of Nobel Prize-winning writer Toni Morrison, and the courageous voice of one of America’s most eloquent child-advocates, Marian Wright Edelman. African American women are achieving at the highest of professional levels, from college presidencies to cabinet posts. Consider, for example, the appointments of Dr. Shirley Jackson, a physicist and the first African American female to earn a Ph.D. in any field at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, as president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, one of America’s major technological universities, or of Dr. Condoleezza Rice as the President’s National Security Advisor. Notwithstanding these positive accomplishments, most Americans— Black and White—still know very little about these high achievers. Increasingly, entertainers—both women and men—send mixed signals to young Black girls about who they should aspire to become as they move toward womanhood. Often, these images, which tend to be unflattering and even at times degrading, focus on a culture that is excessively influenced by glamour, sex, and violence. In Reviving Ophelia, Mary Pipher discusses the powerful influence of the media in shaping girls’ definitions of themselves through teen magazines, advertisements, music, television, and movies.
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Coe, Cati. "“Anyone Who Is Not African”." In The New American Servitude. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479831012.003.0003.

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Home care is a portal to the American economy for African migrants, but it is one in which they are racialized as African and Black. When Africans come to the United States, they encounter a racialized employment market, in which their Blackness and immigrant status plays a major role in how they are perceived. Because they are desperate for work to support their families, they are valued by agency staff as dedicated and hard-working, patient and respectful. Africans also highlight these qualities when they seek employment. However, their cultural capital as “African” is not considered valuable by patients, who often express a preference for “white” or “American” care workers. This chapter analyzes the ways that care workers are recognized and positioned within the care labor market, and how this recognition makes African care workers vulnerable to exploitation and humiliation.
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Collins, Belinda K. "Challenges of Isolation for African American Movement to Suburbanization." In African American Suburbanization and the Consequential Loss of Identity. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7835-2.ch001.

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Recent conversations about African American families leaving urban neighborhoods to move to the suburbs are spreading on cable news and social media. Historically, those living conditions were in the neighborhoods with low-quality housing and high crime rates compared to suburban neighborhoods. According to Bialik, more than six million African Americans who lived in urban communities in United States have migrated to the suburbs to take advantage of improved housing and safer environment. This chapter explores the challenges of isolation for African American movement to suburbanization.
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Conference papers on the topic "African American families in art"

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Lewis, Deyana D., Shukmei Wong, Angela S. Baker, Joan E. Bailey-Wilson, John D. Carpten, and Cheryl D. Cropp. "Abstract C050: Deleterious coding variants in African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer Study (AAHPC) families." In Abstracts: Eleventh AACR Conference on The Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; November 2-5, 2018; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-c050.

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Wang, Zemin, Chiping Qian, Elisa M. Eledet, et al. "Abstract PR11: Exome sequencing identifies germline mutations in African American families with hereditary prostate cancer." In Abstracts: Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; December 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp13-pr11.

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Clark, Trevor, Nijee Brown, Harold Aubrey, et al. "THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND FOOD INSECURITY: AN IMPACT ANALYSIS OF FAMILIES AND YOUTH IN UNDERSERVED AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITIES." In 13th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2021.1921.

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Lewis, Deyana D., Shukmei Wong, Angela S. Baker, et al. "Abstract 4240: Rare candidate variants shared among affected family members in the African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer Study families." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-4240.

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Lewis, Deyana D., Shukmei Wong, Angela S. Baker, et al. "Abstract 4240: Rare candidate variants shared among affected family members in the African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer Study families." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4240.

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Cropp, Cheryl D., Shannon K. McDonnell, Sumit Middha, et al. "Abstract B40: Rare variant discovery in known cancer genes from whole-exome sequencingof African American hereditary prostate cancer families." In Abstracts: Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; November 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, Georgia. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp15-b40.

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Clark, Trevor, Nijee Brown, Harold Aubrey, et al. "THE PERSISTENCE OF VACCINATION HESITANCY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL DETERMINANTS AMOUNG AFRICAN AMERICAN FAMILIES AND YOUTH." In 15th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2022.1554.

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Xian, Xiaoyuan. "Empowering Collaboration by Focusing on Community-Based Multicultural Education: An African American Art Teacher Case Study." In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1582541.

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Clark, Trevor, Nijee Brown, Hal Aubrey, et al. "COVID-19 VACCINATION HESITANCY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF EDUCATION STATUS AND OTHER SOCIAL DETERMINANTS ON AFRICAN AMERICAN FAMILIES AND YOUTH." In 14th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2021.1118.

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Brown, Nijee, Harold Aubrey, Trevor Clark, et al. "MEDICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC: AN ANALYSIS OF THE DIGITAL DIVIDES’ IMPACT ON HEALTH STATUS OF AFRICAN AMERICAN FAMILIES AND YOUTH." In 13th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2021.1961.

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Reports on the topic "African American families in art"

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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.

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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
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Marcos Barba, Liliana, Hilde van Regenmortel, and Ellen Ehmke. Shelter from the Storm: The global need for universal social protection in times of COVID-19. Oxfam, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.7048.

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As 2020 draws to a close, the economic devastation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic shows no sign of abating. Without urgent action, global poverty and inequality will deepen dramatically. Hundreds of millions of people have already lost their jobs, gone further into debt or skipped meals for months. Research by Oxfam and Development Pathways shows that over 2 billion people have had no support from their governments in their time of need. Our analysis shows that none of the social protection support to those who are unemployed, elderly people, children and families provided in low- and middle-income countries has been adequate to meet basic needs. 41% of that government support was only a one-off payment and almost all government support has now stopped. Decades of social policy focused on tiny levels of means-tested support have left most countries completely unprepared for the COVID-19 economic crisis. Yet, countries such as South Africa and Bolivia have shown that a universal approach to social protection is affordable, and that it has a profound impact on reducing inequality and protecting those who need it most. In addition to the full paper and executive summary, an Excel file with the data analysed by Oxfam and Development Pathways is available to download on this page, along with an annex on the crisis in Latin America and the Caribbean.
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