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Journal articles on the topic 'African American infants – Mortality'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Qureshi, Adnan I., Malik M. Adil, Negin Shafizadeh, and Shahram Majidi. "A 2-fold higher rate of intraventricular hemorrhage–related mortality in African American neonates and infants." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 12, no. 1 (2013): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.4.peds12568.

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Object Despite the recognition of racial or ethnic differences in preterm gestation, such differences in the rate of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), frequently associated with preterm gestation, are not well studied. The authors performed the current study to identify racial or ethnic differences in the incidence of IVH-related mortality within the national population of the US. Methods Using the ICD-10 codes P52.0, P52.1, P52.2, P52.3, and P10.2 and the Multiple Cause of Death data from 2000 to 2009, the authors identified all IVH-related mortalities that occurred in neonates and infants a

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2

Barnes, Glenna L. "Perspectives of African-American Women on Infant Mortality." Social Work in Health Care 47, no. 3 (2008): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00981380801985457.

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3

Rees, Jane M., Sally A. Lederman, and John L. Kiely. "Neonatal Mortality among High Birth Weight Infants Born to African American Adolescent Mothers." Pediatric Research 45, no. 4, Part 2 of 2 (1999): 5A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199904020-00040.

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Armstrong-Mensah, Elizabeth Afibah, Keianna Harris, Venessa Ngom, and Faith Omotor. "Reducing Inequities in Adverse Birth Outcomes among African American Women in the United States: A Focus on the Life Course Perspective." Research in Health Science 4, no. 4 (2019): p281. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v4n4p281.

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Adverse birth outcomes are the leading cause of death among infants globally, and the second leading cause of infant deaths in the United States. African-American women have disproportionately higher rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, and infant mortality compared to other racial groups. This is due in part to social inequities, as well as differential exposures to and experience of risk and protective factors before, during, and after pregnancy. The life course perspective framework posits that adverse birth outcomes are not primarily due to experiences during pregnancy, but experience

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Papacek, Ellen, Aimee Drolet, Nancy Schulte, and James W. Collins. "Disparate Post-Neonatal Mortality Rates of African-American and Mexican-American Infants: A Challenge for Epidemiologic Research." Pediatric Research 45, no. 4, Part 2 of 2 (1999): 105A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199904020-00628.

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6

Okeke, Raymond I., Sara J. Paton, Linda J. Smith, and Naila Khalil. "Association of Maternal Demographic Characteristics With Breastfeeding of Low Birth Weight Infants in Ohio in 2012." Clinical Lactation 8, no. 1 (2017): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2158-0782.8.1.22.

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Background:Breastfeeding is the biologic norm for infant feeding and vitally important for newborns especially the low birth weight (LBW) infant population who have higher morbidity and mortality. For LBW infants in Ohio, prevalence of breastfeeding with maternal sociodemographic factors is not fully known.Methods:The 2012 Ohio Vital Statistics Birth data including 10,571 LBW infants compiled by the Ohio Department of Health were analyzed (8.5% of the total Ohio births in 2012). Descriptive sociodemographic characteristics were summarized by breastfeeding status. Association of breastfeeding i

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7

Pizur-Barnekow, Kris, David Pate, Katie Lazar, Nelly Paul, Kathleen Pritchard, and George Morris. "African American Fathers’ Occupational Participation: “Keeping the Mothers in a Positive Vibe”." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 37, no. 4 (2017): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1539449217714236.

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Infant mortality is a major public health issue in the United States that disproportionally affects African Americans. Evidence suggests reducing stress on African American women and engaging African American fathers may improve health and social outcomes for families. This study sought to understand the experiences of African American fathers through a positivistic lens and to inform future interventions that support father engagement. A descriptive, qualitative study using the Person, Environment, Occupation–Performance (PEO-P) model as a framework for analysis was conducted involving 45 fat

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Jorgenson, Andrew, James Rice, and Brett Clark. "Assessing the Temporal and Regional Differences in the Relationships between Infant and Child Mortality and Urban Slum Prevalence in Less Developed Countries, 1990–2005." Urban Studies 49, no. 16 (2012): 3495–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098012440124.

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Drawing from various bodies of social scientific literature and research, the authors assess the extent to which infant and child mortality rates in less developed countries are impacted by the percentage of domestic populations living in urban slum conditions. Results of two-way fixed effects panel model estimates of 80 less developed countries from 1990 to 2005 indicate that growth in the percentage of populations living in urban slum conditions positively affects both forms of mortality rate. The effects, moreover, are much more pronounced for African countries than for less developed count

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9

Jefferson, Urmeka T. "Predictors of Breastfeeding Attitudes Among College-Educated African Americans." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 29, no. 3 (2015): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.29.3.189.

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Breastfeeding initiation among African American women has reached 60%; however, it is the lowest rate among all races. This racial disparity is a public health concern considering the impact of breastfeeding on infant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to explore breastfeeding exposure and determinants of breastfeeding attitudes among African Americans. The theory of planned behavior guided this study focusing on the impact of background factors on determinants of breastfeeding attitudes. This secondary analysis included 348 African American college students with a mean age

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Dilworth-Anderson, Peggye, Geraldine Pierre, and Tandrea S. Hilliard. "Social Justice, Health Disparities, and Culture in the Care of the Elderly." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 40, no. 1 (2012): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2012.00642.x.

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This paper addresses two interconnected concepts — health disparities and social justice — as they pertain to screening, diagnosis of disease, and health care access among minority elders in the American society. Health disparities are defined as differences in treatment provided to members of different racial or ethnic groups that are not justified by the underlying health conditions or treatment preferences of patients. Disparities currently exist in many aspects of American health care. For example, when compared to whites, the infant mortality rate is higher for African Americans; health i

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11

Pestronk, Robert M., and Marcia L. Franks. "A partnership to reduce African American infant mortality in Genesee County, Michigan." Public Health Reports 118, no. 4 (2003): 324–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3549(04)50256-x.

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12

Ngui, Emmanuel M., Alicia L. Cortright, and Karen Michalski. "Relationship of Paternity Status, Welfare Reform Period, and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Infant Mortality." American Journal of Men's Health 9, no. 5 (2014): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988314543906.

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The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of paternity status, welfare reform period, and racial/ethnic disparities in infant mortality. The study used retrospective analysis of birth outcomes data from singleton birth/infant death data in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from 1993 to 2009. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between paternity status, welfare reform period, and infant mortality, adjusting for maternal and infant characteristics. Data consisted of almost 185,000 singleton live births and 1,739 infant deaths. Although unmarried women with

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Ensted, Samantha, Kristin Rankin, Carla Desisto, and James W. Collins. "Father’s Lifetime Socioeconomic Status, Small for Gestational Age Infants, and Infant Mortality: A Population-Based Study." Ethnicity & Disease 29, no. 1 (2019): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.29.1.9.

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Objective: To ascertain the association between father’s lifetime socioeconomic status (SES) and rates of small for gestational age (SGA, defined as weight for gestational age <10th percentile) and infant mortality (defined as <365 days).Methods: The study sample was limited to the singleton births of African American (n=8,331), non-Latina White (n=18,200), and Latina (n=2,637) women. Stratified and multilevel, multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted on the Illinois transgenerational dataset of infants (1989-1991) and their Chicago-born parents (1956-1976) with append

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Berenz, Andrew, Jeffrey Vergales, Jonathan Swanson, and Robert Sinkin. "Evidence of Early Pulmonary Hypertension Is Associated with Increased Mortality in Very Low Birth Weight Infants." American Journal of Perinatology 34, no. 08 (2017): 801–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1598246.

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Objective The objective of this study was to describe the inhospital outcomes of a high-risk cohort of very low birth weight infants with evidence of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) within the first 2 weeks after delivery. Design A retrospective cohort study of consecutively admitted neonates with birth weight < 1,500 g admitted to a Level IV neonatal intensive care unit who were evaluated by echocardiogram between 72 hours and 14 days. Results A total of 343 eligible infants were included in the cohort with a median gestational age of 25.5 weeks and birth weight of 790 g. Evidence of early PH

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Rienks, Jennifer, and Geraldine Oliva. "Using Social Marketing to Increase Awareness of the African American Infant Mortality Disparity." Health Promotion Practice 14, no. 3 (2012): 408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839912458107.

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16

Mado, SM, U. Abubakar, SO Onazi, and GO Adeoye. "Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in children at Federal Medical Centre, Gusau, Zamfara state, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics 40, no. 2 (2013): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njp.v40i2.12.

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Epidemic meningococcal meningitis is a major public health problem still affecting tropical countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, which lieswithin African meningitis belt. Repeated large scale epidemics of CSM have been reported in northern Nigeria for the past four decades. It is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in these regions. Mortality from the CSM remains high despite advances in treatment modalities. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A have been the major cause of large scale epidemics in tropical countries, while serogroups B, C, Y and W-135 are responsibl

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Ahlers-Schmidt, Carolyn R., Christy Schunn, Millicent Dempsey, and Sheila Blackmon. "Evaluation of Community Baby Showers to Promote Safe Sleep." Kansas Journal of Medicine 7, no. 1 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.v7i1.11476.

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Background. In recent years, Kansas has ranked 40th among all states for worst infant mortality rates. For African American infant mortality, Kansas had the highest rate in the nation. Because of these statistics, initiatives have been implemented to reduce these rates by the KIDS Network, in partnership with the Black Nurses Association and the National Association of Hispanic Nurses. The purpose was to describe participants’ knowledge and intentions regarding safe sleep following a Community Baby Shower. Methods. The Community Baby Shower was targeted to African American women via black chur

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18

Pereira, Kevin D., Kevin Shaigany, Karen B. Zur, et al. "Tracheostomy in the Extremely Premature Neonate: A Multi-Institutional Study." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 162, no. 4 (2020): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820905528.

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Objective (1) To describe characteristics associated with tracheostomy placement and (2) to describe associated in-hospital morbidity in extremely premature infants. Study Design Pooled retrospective analysis of charts. Setting Academic children’s hospitals. Subjects and Methods The patient records of premature infants (23-28 weeks gestational age) who underwent tracheostomy between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017, were reviewed from 4 academic children’s hospitals. Demographics, procedural morbidity, feeding, respiratory, and neurodevelopmental outcomes at the time of transfer from the

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Leslie, Jennie C., Shelley L. Galvin, Sandra J. Diehl, Trude A. Bennett, and Paul A. Buescher. "Infant mortality, low birth weight, and prematurity among Hispanic, white, and African American women in North Carolina." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 188, no. 5 (2003): 1238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mob.2003.348.

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20

Ferranti, Erin P., Jennifer K. Frediani, Rebecca Mitchell, et al. "Early Pregnancy Serum Metabolite Profiles Associated with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in African American Women: A Pilot Study." Journal of Pregnancy 2020 (February 19, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1515321.

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Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are the most common cardiometabolic complications of pregnancy, affecting nearly 10% of US pregnancies and contributing substantially to maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. In the US, women of African American race are at increased risk for HDP. Early biomarkers that reliably identify women at risk for HDP remain elusive, yet are essential for the early identification and targeting of interventions to improve maternal and infant outcomes. We employed high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways that were al

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Sriram, Sudhir, Babak Khoshnood, Hui-Lung Hsieh, Jaideep K. Singh, and Kwang-sun Lee. "Incidence and the risk of neonatal mortality due to meconium aspiration syndrome among African American and White infants with birth weights >= 2.5 kg. † 1249." Pediatric Research 41 (April 1997): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199704001-01268.

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22

Shultz, Cameron, and Stephen Skorcz. "African American Infant Mortality and the Genesee County, MI REACH 2010 Initiative: An Evaluation of the Undoing Racism Workshop." Social Work in Public Health 27, no. 6 (2012): 567–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19371910903253236.

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23

Goley, Stephanie Michele, Sidonie Sakula-Barry, Nana Adofo-Ansong, et al. "Investigating the use of ultrasonography for the antenatal diagnosis of structural congenital anomalies in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review." BMJ Paediatrics Open 4, no. 1 (2020): e000684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000684.

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BackgroundCongenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of under-5 mortality globally. The greatest burden is faced by those in low/middle-income countries (LMICs), where over 95% of deaths occur. Many of these deaths may be preventable through antenatal diagnosis and early intervention. This systematic literature review investigates the use of antenatal ultrasound to diagnose congenital anomalies and improve the health outcomes of infants in LMICs.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted using three search strings: (1) structural congenital anomalies; (2) LMICs; and (3) antenata

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Holmes Jr., Laurens, Leah O’Neill, Hikma Elmi, et al. "Implication of Vaginal and Cesarean Section Delivery Method in Black–White Differentials in Infant Mortality in the United States: Linked Birth/Infant Death Records, 2007–2016." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (2020): 3146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093146.

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Racial/ethnic disparities in infant mortality (IM) continue to persist in the United States, with Black/African Americans (AA) being disproportionally affected with a three-fold increase in mortality compared to Whites. Epidemiological data have identified maternal characteristics in IM risk such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, maternal education, smoking, maternal weight, maternal socioeconomic status (SES), and family structure. Understanding the social gradient in health including implicit bias, as inherent in the method of labor and delivery and the racial heterogeneity, may facilitate interve

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Jani, Sanket, Suzanne M. Jacques, Faisal Qureshi, et al. "Clinical Characteristics of Mother–Infant Dyad and Placental Pathology in COVID-19 Cases in Predominantly African American Population." American Journal of Perinatology Reports 11, no. 01 (2021): e15-e20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1721673.

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Objective In this currently evolving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the evidence is scarce about the impact of COVID-19 infection on women in labor and neonates in an inner city African-Americans (AA) population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and placental pathology in mother–infant dyads in COVID-19 cases. Study Design Retrospective chart review was conducted on 34 COVID-19 positive mother–infant dyads to study their baseline characteristics and outcomes. Placental pathology was reviewed by two perinatal pathologists. Results COVID-19 was not

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Borst, Alexandra, Ibrahim Saber, Elizabeth Thames, Nimia Reyes, Michele Beckman, and Thomas L. Ortel. "Incidence of Pediatric VTE in Durham County, North Carolina." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 5562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.5562.5562.

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Abstract Introduction There is no national surveillance system for venous thromboembolism (VTE) despite the associated morbidity, mortality and economic burden on the health care system. Estimates of the incidence of VTE in the U.S. range from 1-2 cases per 1,000 people, or approximately 300,000-600,000 cases per year. The estimated incidence in children is lower, ranging from 1-10 per 100,000, with the period of greatest risk for VTE < 1 year and in the teenage years. It has been observed that most children with VTE have a serious underlying medical condition. The contribution of inherited

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Gilsanz, Paola, Elizabeth Rose Mayeda, M. Maria Glymour, et al. "Birth in High Infant Mortality States and Dementia Risk in a Cohort of Elderly African American and White Health Care Members." Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders 33, no. 1 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wad.0000000000000270.

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Wallace, Maurice. "“Precious Lord”: Black Mother-Loss and the Roots of Modern Gospel." Religions 10, no. 4 (2019): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10040285.

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Thomas Dorsey’s 1932 gospel song Take My Hand, Precious Lord is one of modern gospel music’s most canonical works. Although its composition by Dorsey in the wake of his wife’s sudden death in childbirth is a widely known oral history, the cultural implications of a wider history of health care disparities in the US leading to higher rates of black maternal and infant mortality have not been seriously considered. This article studies the history of black maternal and infant mortality in Chicago during the Great Migration as it bears on the mournful sounds of the gospel blues and its gender-infl

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Lester, David. "Infant Mortality in Caucasians and African Americans." Psychological Reports 77, no. 3 (1995): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.962.

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For 33 states with data on infant mortality by race in 1980, the infant mortality of African Americans was predicted by illegitimacy rates whereas Caucasian infant mortality was predicted by the percentage of adults separated and the percentage with a college education.

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Rumalla, Kavelin, Kyle A. Smith, Vijay Letchuman, Mrudula Gandham, Rachana Kombathula, and Paul M. Arnold. "Nationwide incidence and risk factors for posttraumatic seizures in children with traumatic brain injury." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 22, no. 6 (2018): 684–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.6.peds1813.

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OBJECTIVEPosttraumatic seizures (PTSs) are the most common complication following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may lead to posttraumatic epilepsy. PTS is well described in the adult literature but has not been studied extensively in children. Here, the authors utilized the largest nationwide registry of pediatric hospitalizations to report the national incidence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with PTS in pediatric TBI.METHODSThe authors queried the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) using ICD-9-CM codes to identify all patients (age < 21 years) who had a primary diagnosis of TBI (

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Meier, Emily Riehm, Kisha Hampton, Ellen Bloom, Natalie Duncan, Chris Roberson, and Angeli Rampersad. "Evaluation of a Novel Newborn Screening Follow-up Program for Infants with Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 2344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2344.2344.

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Abstract While newborn screening for sickle cell disease (SCD) has improved survival of affected infants through early prescription of prophylactic penicillin and SCD education for the parents, newborn screening follow-up programs are highly variable among states. The novel statewide newborn screening program in Indiana, Sickle SAFE (Screening, Assessment, Follow-up, Education), was started in 2009 and followed infants through the first year of life until 2013 when the program expanded to provide follow-up for the first 5 years of life. Sickle SAFE ensures timely notification and education of

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Vanderbilt, Allison A., Marcie S. Wright, Alisa E. Brewer, Lydia K. Murithi, and PonJola Coney. "Increasing Knowledge and Health Literacy about Preterm Births in Underserved Communities: An Approach to Decrease Health Disparities, a Pilot Study." Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 1 (2015): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n1p83.

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<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Health disparities can negatively impact subsets of the population who have systematically experienced greater socioeconomic obstacles to health. For example, health disparities between ethnic and racial groups continue to grow due to the widening gap in large declines in infant and fetal mortality among Caucasians compared to Black non-Hispanic or African Americans. According to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, preterm birth remains a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of our study is to det

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Ferdinand, Keith C., and Samar A. Nasser. "African-American COVID-19 Mortality." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 75, no. 21 (2020): 2746–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.040.

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Teti, Douglas M., Maureen M. Black, Rose Viscardi, et al. "Intervention With African American Premature Infants." Journal of Early Intervention 31, no. 2 (2009): 146–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053815109331864.

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Ibidunni, Laura, Kristin Paulyson Nunez, Jude C. Jonassaint, and Laura De Castro. "Regional Differences in the Beliefs and Practices Among Adults with Sickle Cell Disease Regarding Reproductive Health and Family Planning: A Sub-Analysis." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 2114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-129554.

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Background. Sickle cell disease (SCD) remains the most common genetic hematologic disorder, with a disproportionally high incidence and prevalence in African countries. It is associated with an increased risk of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality compared to the general population. As more young adults living with SCD reach healthier reproductive ages, it is imperative that there is open communication between providers and patients regarding reproductive health, maternal risks associated with childbirth, and the risk of having children who inherit SCD. It is also important that provid

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Gevrek, Deniz, and Karen Middleton. "Globalization and women’s and girls’ health in 192 UN-member countries." International Journal of Social Economics 43, no. 7 (2016): 692–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-07-2014-0139.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the ratification of the United Nations’ (UN’s) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and women’s and girls’ health outcomes using a unique longitudinal data set of 192 UN-member countries that encompasses the years from 1980 to 2011. Design/methodology/approach – The authors focus on the impact of CEDAW ratification, number of reports submitted after ratification, years passed since ratification, and the dynamic impact of CEDAW ratification by utilizing ordinary least squares

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Din-Dzietham, R., and I. Hertz-Picciotto. "Infant mortality differences between whites and African Americans: the effect of maternal education." American Journal of Public Health 88, no. 4 (1998): 651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.88.4.651.

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Schetter, Christine Dunkel. "Stress Processes in Pregnancy and Preterm Birth." Current Directions in Psychological Science 18, no. 4 (2009): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01637.x.

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Preterm birth (PTB) is of epidemic proportions in the United States, particularly among African Americans. Its consequences range from risk of infant mortality to lifelong disease and disability. Stress is a contributor to preterm labor and delivery. This article summarizes research on stress as a risk factor for PTB. As is evident in considering the complex mechanisms, psychological science has much to contribute to addressing this important health issue.

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Elo, Irma T., and Samuel H. Preston. "Estimating African-American Mortality from Inaccurate Data." Demography 31, no. 3 (1994): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2061751.

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Wallace, Ina F., Joanne E. Roberts, and Diane E. Lodder. "Interactions of African American Infants and Their Mothers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41, no. 4 (1998): 900–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4104.900.

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The relationships between aspects of mother-infant interaction and both communication and cognitive skills at 1 year of age were examined in 92 African American dyads, of whom 64 (70%) fell below the poverty line. Ratings of warmth, sensitivity, responsiveness, encouragement of initiative, stimulation, and elaborativeness during a semistructured play interaction were correlated with measures of global cognition, expressive and receptive communication, and communication use. The overall quality of the home environment and maternal ratings of stimulation and elaborativeness were the most consist

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Kreiter, Shelley R., Robert P. Schwartz, Henry N. Kirkman, Philippa A. Charlton, Ali S. Calikoglu, and Marsha L. Davenport. "Nutritional rickets in African American breast-fed infants." Journal of Pediatrics 137, no. 2 (2000): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2000.109009.

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Lozoff, Betsy, Mary Lu Angelilli, Jigna Zatakia, Sandra W. Jacobson, Agustin Calatroni, and John Beard. "Iron status of inner-city African-American infants." American Journal of Hematology 82, no. 2 (2007): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajh.20782.

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Rhoades, Everett R., George Brenneman, Jerry Lyle, and Aaron Handler. "Mortality of American Indian and Alaska Native Infants." Annual Review of Public Health 13, no. 1 (1992): 269–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pu.13.050192.001413.

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Cockey, Carolyn Davis. "African American Women Face Higher Endometrial Cancer Mortality." AWHONN Lifelines 9, no. 3 (2005): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6356.2005.tb00808.x.

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Tsang, Reginald C. "Seasonal vitamin D in African American and white infants." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, no. 1 (1999): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/69.1.159.

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Randolph, Suzanne M., and Karen Watkins-Lewis. "Research on African American infants: Unraveling the cultural matrix." Infant Behavior and Development 19 (April 1996): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(96)90125-3.

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Naghshpour, Shahdad, and Sediq Sameem. "Convergence of Mortality Among African Americans." American Economist 64, no. 2 (2019): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0569434518812782.

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Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to explore any possible convergence in African American mortality rates in the United States. Using county-level data of the United States over a period of nearly five decades (1968-2015), the findings indicate that β-convergence has occurred in mortality rates of African American population implying that their mortality rates are getting closer to their means. The results are particularly stronger for females and the elderly. The findings reflect lower cost of implementation and dissemination of strategies that would target the health of such population. JEL Class

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Ellison, Christopher G., Robert A. Hummer, Shannon Cormier, and Richard G. Rogers. "Religious Involvement and Mortality Risk among African American Adults." Research on Aging 22, no. 6 (2000): 630–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027500226003.

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Pindyck, Talia, Umesh Parashar, Jason M. Mwenda, et al. "Risk Factors Associated With Increased Mortality From Intussusception in African Infants." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 70, no. 1 (2020): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mpg.0000000000002487.

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Borchert, Mark, Kristina Tarczy-Hornoch, Susan A. Cotter, Ning Liu, Stanely P. Azen, and Rohit Varma. "Anisometropia in Hispanic and African American Infants and Young Children." Ophthalmology 117, no. 1 (2010): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.06.008.

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