Academic literature on the topic 'African American outlaws'
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Journal articles on the topic "African American outlaws"
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DiMaggio, Kenneth. "White Outlaws, Black Stetsons: The Rhetorical Presence of the African-American “Stagolee” Trope in White Outlaw Myth and Literature." International Journal of Literary Humanities 10, no. 1 (2013): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2327-7912/cgp/v10i01/43916.
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Gerund, Katharina. "Carlyle van Thompson,Black Outlaws: Race, Law, and Male Subjectivity in African American Literature and Culture." Anglia - Zeitschrift für englische Philologie 129, no. 3-4 (December 2011): 582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/angl.2011.050.
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Young, Alford A. "UNEARTHING IGNORANCE: Hurricane Katrina and the Re-Envisioning of the Urban Black Poor." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 3, no. 1 (March 2006): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x06060139.
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This essay explores some social ramifications of two portraits of low-income African American New Orleanians that proliferated throughout the country since the arrival of Hurricane Katrina on the Gulf Coast. The dissemination of these portraits reveals much about America's cultural understandings of African Americans and urban poverty. Some recent ethnographic and qualitative-methodological work has striven to create new depictions of this constituency, but a divide persists between general-public readings of the African American urban poor and those of liberal-minded field researchers who have studied this population. This essay concludes with some reflection on issues concerning the potential for this research to bridge the divide, given the power of mainstream media outlets to construct and promote certain images of disadvantaged and disenfranchised social groups relative to the social power of academic scholarship to achieve the same end.
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STERBA, CHRISTOPHER M. "“¿Quién es? ¿Quién es?”: Revisiting the Racial Context of the Billy the Kid Legend." Journal of American Studies 51, no. 3 (November 16, 2016): 721–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875816001286.
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Billy the Kid spoke his last words in Spanish. Calling out “¿Quién es? ¿Quién es?” before he was killed by Sheriff Pat Garrett, the young outlaw's final moments signal his diverse ethnic context. This article examines the Kid's close contact with the Southwest's communities of color – New Mexico's Mescalero Apache Indians, African American soldiers, and Hispano farmers – and why these communities have been removed from countless popular representations of the Kid's story. Their omission has helped to perpetuate a uniquely Western and white American ideal of individualism and served to legitimize a libertarian and ahistorical ideal of violence: the rebellion of an outlaw who defies the rest of his society and his times.
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Clayton, Dewey M. "Two Nations." National Review of Black Politics 1, no. 1 (January 2020): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nrbp.2020.1.1.49.
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The landmark 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision outlawed public school segregation and was the catalyst for the nonviolent civil rights movement and some positive change for African Americans. However, in 1967, race riots broke out in largely African American urban districts across America, leading President Lyndon Johnson to form the Kerner Commission to determine the underlying causes of the riots. This paper explores the causes of the riots and the government’s response to them after the Kerner Commission’s findings, and then uses critical race theory as a theoretical framework to determine why institutional racism continues to be pervasive in society. The author focuses on three main areas: school desegregation; mass incarceration and police brutality; and sports, race, and activism to discuss the lack of progress between the Kerner Commission report and today.
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BROOKFIELD, STEPHEN. "Racializing the Discourse of Adult Education." Harvard Educational Review 73, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 497–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.73.4.a54508r0464863u2.
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In this article, Stephen Brookfield explores the "unproblematized Eurocentrism" that characterizes contemporary adult education in light of Herbert Marcuse's perspectives on repressive tolerance. Brookfield, a White English male, explores the implications of his own social location for his work in adult education by drawing on the works of Cornel West and Lucius T. Outlaw Jr., two prominent African American scholars who racialize the discourse of adult education. Brookfield further considers the broader implications for adult education practice and scholarship that emerge from West's and Outlaw's perspectives on critical thinking, which are paradigmatically different from the Euro-American traditions that tend to ignore issues of race and dominate the field. Finally, Brookfield offers recommendations to practitioners and scholars for actively exploring adult education's role in challenging the "the myth of neutral, non-impositional, adult educators."
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Anderson, Victor. "A Relational Concept of Race in African American Religious Thought." Nova Religio 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2003): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2003.7.1.28.
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This essay is a critical exploration of the ways that race is being constructed in the contemporary climate of postmodern philosophical discourse. The author seeks to forge an ongoing conversation among black philosophers and African American theologians around race in each discourse. Race is understood by the author as a deep symbol of Western culture that is paralleled to the primitive/civilization symbols that have structured Western intercultural encounters with African peoples. The essay proceeds by developing the concept of race as a deep symbol, drawing on the work of Edward Farley. It explicates how race is debated in contemporary black philosophy by focusing on Kwame Anthony Appiah's and Lucius Outlaw's conceptualizations. By turning to the hermeneutical theory of Charles H. Long, the essay attempts to construct a relational theory of race that synthesizes both Appiah's and Outlaw's perspectives and then connects the relational theory of race to black religion and theology.
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Palmer, Kelly, Patrick Rivers, Forest Melton, Jean McClelland, Jennifer Hatcher, David G. Marrero, Cynthia Thomson, and David O. Garcia. "Protocol for a systematic review of health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in US barbershops and hair salons." BMJ Open 10, no. 4 (April 2020): e035940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035940.
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IntroductionAfrican American adults are disproportionately burdened by chronic diseases, particularly at younger ages. Developing culturally appropriate interventions is paramount to closing the gap in these health inequities. The purpose of this systematic review is to critically evaluate health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in two environments that are frequented by this population: barbershops and hair salons. Characteristics of effective interventions will be identified and evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions will be provided. Results of this review will inform future health promotion efforts for African Americans particularly focused on the leading health inequities in obesity-related chronic diseases: cardiovascular disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes.Methods and analysisSubject headings and keywords will be used to search for synonyms of ‘barbershops,’ ‘hair salons’ and ‘African Americans’ to identify all relevant articles (from inception onwards) in the following databases: Academic Search Ultimate, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science (Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index) and ProQuest Dissertations. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies for adult (>18 years) African Americans delivered in barbershops and hair salons will be included. Eligible interventions will include risk reduction/management of obesity-related chronic disease: cardiovascular disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes. Two reviewers will independently screen, select and extract data and a third will mediate disagreements. The methodological quality (or risk of bias) of individual studies will be appraised using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. Quality and content of the evidence will be narratively synthesised.Ethics and disseminationSince this is a protocol for a systematic review, ethical approval is not required. Findings from the review will be widely disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications and traditional and social media outlets.
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Zenk, Shannon N., Amy J. Schulz, Barbara A. Israel, Graciela Mentz, Patricia Y. Miranda, Alisha Opperman, and Angela M. Odoms-Young. "Food shopping behaviours and exposure to discrimination." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 5 (March 27, 2013): 1167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001300075x.
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AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined food shopping behaviours, particularly distance to grocery shop, and exposure to discrimination.DesignCross-sectional observational study utilizing data from a community survey, neighbourhood food environment observations and the decennial census.SettingThree communities in Detroit, Michigan, USA.SubjectsProbability sample of 919 African-American, Latino and white adults in 146 census blocks and sixty-nine census block groups.ResultsOn average, respondents shopped for groceries 3·1 miles (4·99 km) from home, with 30·9 % shopping within 1 mile (1·61 km) and 22·3 % shopping more than 5 miles (8·05 km) from home. Longer distance to shop was associated with being younger, African-American (compared with Latino), a woman, higher socio-economic status, lower satisfaction with the neighbourhood food environment, and living in a neighbourhood with higher poverty, without a large grocery store and further from the nearest supermarket. African-Americans and those with the lowest incomes were particularly likely to report unfair treatment at food outlets. Each mile (1·61 km) increase in distance to shop was associated with a 7 % increase in the odds of unfair treatment; this relationship did not differ by race/ethnicity.ConclusionsThe study suggests that unfair treatment in retail interactions warrants investigation as a pathway by which restricted neighbourhood food environments and food shopping behaviours may adversely affect health and contribute to health disparities. Efforts to promote ‘healthy’ and equitable food environments should emphasize local availability and affordability of a range of healthy food products, as well as fair treatment while shopping regardless of race/ethnicity or socio-economic status.
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Philips, John Edward. "Some Recent Thinking on Slavery in Islamic Africa and the Middle East." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 27, no. 2 (December 1993): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400027243.
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Slavery and its effects will probably long remain among the most contentious of topics. Outlawed universally only recently, the institution is one of humanity’s oldest and most widespread forms of domination. It still exists, despite laws to the contrary, in some societies around the world. Social disabilities suffered by former slaves and their descendants are important legacies. And the lessons which the history of slavery can teach us have still not been fully elucidated or absorbed. It thus remains a topic of importance to teachers and researchers in every branch of humanities and social science.The literature on slavery has been dominated by the study of plantation slavery in the Western world, especially the Caribbean, Brazil and the United States. Studies of slavery in other areas and times have often been colored by biases and preconceptions based on American chattel slavery. Even when the intent of a scholar has been to contrast slavery in other societies with that in the Americas, the questions posed and the methods used have too often been shaped by the questions and methods of scholars working in the Americas. This has vitiated attempts at comparison.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "African American outlaws"
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Mckee, Jessica. "Ghosts, Orphans, and Outlaws: History, Family, and the Law in Toni Morrison's Fiction." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5071.
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This dissertation explores Toni Morrison's most prevalent motifs: the ghost, the orphan, and the outlaw. Each figure advances a critique of dominant narratives, specifically those that comprise history, family, and the law. In Chapter One, I argue that Morrison's ghost stories contrast two methods of memory, one that is authoritative and another that is imaginative, in order to counter the official renderings of history. Her ghosts signal forgotten aspects of American history and provide access to another storyline--one that lies in the shadows of the novel's principal narrative. This chapter compares the ghosts of Love and Home in order to show how Morrison uses ghosts as conduits of a subversive individual and communal memory. In my second chapter, I assert a reading of Morrison's orphans as blues figures. They attest to the destructive effects of race, class, and gender oppression, which render her characters biologically and culturally orphaned. I conclude this chapter by comparing Paradise and A Mercy to show how Morrison's orphaned characters posit an alternative model of kinship that is built from the shared project of liberation. In Chapter Three, I examine Morrison's treatment of the law and its foil--the outlaw. I argue that Morrison foregrounds criminality in the absence of the law and its apparatuses (courts, police) in order to subvert the social institutions that give rise to the ghost and the orphan. I compare the crimes at the heart of Tar Baby and Jazz in order to posit another notion of justice operating in Morrison's fiction. When looked at together, Morrison's triptych threatens the coherence of governing ideologies and offers a meditation on the transformative possibilities of narrative.
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Cooper, Valerie Ann. "Ideologies and practices of public diplomacy media outlets : a critical discourse analysis of China Radio International and Voice of America." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/711.
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Countries around the world are increasingly making use of public diplomacy methods in order to advance their interests and garner favour with foreign publics, with the aim of creating 'soft power'. One of the most direct methods of doing such is through state-sponsored media outlets, which serve as government mouthpieces with the ability to speak directly to foreign populations. Such practices have recently gained more attention from Western practitioners and academics due to their increased use by countries like Russia and China, and especially in regards to their increasing media presence around the globe. However, this ignores the fact that countries like the United States have been using such outlets since the mid-1900s in openly propagandistic attempts to 'win hearts and minds. In order to understand the practices and ideologies used by such media outlets in their quest to influence foreign publics and create soft power, this research combines a content analysis with a Discourse-Historical Approach to critical discourse studies of two state-sponsored radio programmes, China Radio International and Voice of America, broadcast in March 2016. Of particular interest is the ideology and tactics used to portray countries such as China, the United States, and other countries into which these programmes are broadcast. The results demonstrate that cultural and media values feature subtly but significantly in these programmes, offering justification for their respective governments' actions, while also being used to condemn actions of other countries. Furthermore, the results reveal a hierarchical approach to coverage of countries, with many countries being reduced to inactive bystanders in global affairs.
Books on the topic "African American outlaws"
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Black outlaws: Race, law, and male subjectivity in African American literature and culture. New York: Peter Lang, 2010.
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Thompson, Carlyle Van. Black outlaws: Race, law, and male subjectivity in African American literature and culture. New York: Peter Lang, 2010.
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Thompson, Carlyle Van. Black outlaws: Race, law, and male subjectivity in African American literature and culture. New York: Peter Lang, 2010.
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Estleman, Loren D., and Loren D. Estleman. Black powder, white smoke. New York: Forge, 2002.
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Black, Red, and deadly: Black and Indian gunfighters of the Indian territory, 1870-1907. Austin, Tex: Eakin Press, 1991.
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Slim, Iceberg. Pimp: The story of my life. [United States]: Cash Money Content, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "African American outlaws"
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Goldberg, K. Meira. "Concentric Circles of Theatricality." In Sonidos Negros, 50–88. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190466916.003.0003.
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In early modern Spain, raza (race) signified the stain of Blackness, while casta (chaste, caste) signified purity of blood—Whiteness. But with its empire in decline, eighteenth-century Spain enacted its dreams of sovereignty and autonomy by impersonating a dark Other, whose Semitic and south-Saharan African antecedents were now wrapped within an imaginary Gitano. Majismo, emulating the fashions of the urban underclass, adopted the fandango, an American dance of slaves and outlaws, as an emblem of pure-blooded Spanishness. Adopting fandango dances such as the profane Mexican panaderos, an Africanist belly-to-belly dance incorporated into the bolero school repertoire, majismo figured the deeply political dissonance between the determinism of Christian blood purity and the possibility of redemption implicit in the bobo’s equivocal confusion. Ironically, the fandango was adopted throughout the Western world as a symbol of freedom and class mobility, a metaphor that soon inflected every aspect of the world’s perception of Spain.
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"Outlaw Women and Toni Morrison's Communities." In Black Lives: Essays in African American Biography, 83–99. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315706085-15.
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"The African Continent During and the Corona (COVID-19) Pandemic." In Advances in Human Services and Public Health, 108–20. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4450-1.ch008.
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There have been a lot of changes during this COVID-19 pandemic that will affect the relationship between PRC and the African continent. Some of these changes have been in the interpersonal relationship between ordinary Chinese and individuals of African descent. These changes have affected the diplomatic relationship and its effects on healthcare developmental projects. These projects have been affected by images on social media on how the Chinese mistreat Africans in China. Social media has been an important tool to affect the dynamic in these relationships. These social media outlets have been instrumental in the availability of mistreated Africans in the PRC. The United States of America, The People's Republic of China, and the African continent will be in a new era in a diplomatic relationship after the corona (COVID-19) pandemic. Whoever has the best game plan will win the hearts and minds of Africans.
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Hall, Michael Ra-Shon. "“The See-Saw of Race”." In Freedom Beyond Confinement, 33–76. Liverpool University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781949979701.003.0002.
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The first chapter argues that writers in the black press from the post-Reconstruction era through the 1960s attempt to locate and advertise geographical spaces in which African Americans could move beyond mobility consistently haunted and complicated by uneven practices of discrimination as well as a disparate quality of accommodations and services. Citing a multitude of news articles from numerous black press outlets, the chapter illustrates how racialized and ethnic social practices made it difficult for African American travelers to journey with the same confidence as their European American counterparts. As result particularly of Jim Crow discrimination, African American travelers regularly turned to the black press and periodicals as tools with which to navigate and challenge impediments to their mobility. While efforts to protect African American travellers were not always successful, resources and information provided by the black press were crucial to mitigating the harmful effects of discrimination. Even more, the black press laid a foundation on which writers of nonfiction and fiction built notably in terms of continuing the careful documentation of racialized and ethnic barriers to African American mobility and also extending readers’ understanding of impasses to free movement by including gendered limitations, particularly related to women’s mobility.
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Meglin, Joellen A. "“Jungle Jazz”." In Ruth Page, 137–56. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190205164.003.0006.
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Page’s experiences on Broadway in the early 1920s, which had exposed her to African American jazz, eventually led her to emulate the paradigm, developed by composers such as George Gershwin and Aaron Copland, of mixing African American techniques and idioms with European classical traditions to achieve a distinctly American voice. With her early work of ballet Americana Hear Ye! Hear Ye! (1934), whose racy subject matter was a murder in a nightclub, Page became the first to commission a ballet score from Copland. Through analysis and comparison of the ballet scenario, the musical score and recording, photographs, press accounts, and Page’s own memory of the work, the argument is made that jazz aesthetics gave metaphoric weight to the individual voices and competing perspectives narrativized in this courtroom ballet. Embedded within its dramatic-choreographic structure, stylistic discrepancies between jazz dance, neoclassical ballet (minuet/gavotte), and South American music/dance forms (tango habanera) symbolized divergent accounts or conflicting testimony from three witnesses of the crime. Furthermore, percussive, jazzy blasts of brass associated with the silver screen set up an implicit analogy between Hollywood spectacle and a courtroom travesty of American justice. Finally, in the original conception of the ballet, both white and black chorus lines performed floorshows. Even as Copland and choreographers of dance Americana would go West, exploring themes of American expansion, manifest destiny, and homesteader, cowboy, or outlaw psyche, Page kept returning to jazz and themes of the city as cosmopolitan cultural crossroads.
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Hunter, Mark C. "Naval Relations and the Suppression of Piracy and Slaving, 1820-1830." In Policing the Seas, 73–104. Liverpool University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973893465.003.0004.
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This chapter provides a further analysis of naval relations, piracy restrictions and the suppression of slavery between 1820 and 1830. It continues to document the anti-piracy stance of the US Navy during the increase and decline of piracy in the early 1820s. It also documents the British anti-piracy efforts, and discusses their perceived lacklustre effort as reported by US media outlets. It examines colonisation in detail, including the actions of the American Colonization Society on the West African coast, and the presence of the Royal Navy in West Africa. It concludes by stating that the Anglo-American relationship was heavily strained in this period due to conflicting attitudes toward slavery, yet despite tensions, they remained co-operative while combatting piracy.
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Key, Kent. "Addressing the Under-Representation of African American Public Health Researchers: The Flint Youth Public Health Academy." In Leading Community Based Changes in the Culture of Health in the US - Experiences in Developing the Team and Impacting the Community. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98459.
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In order to meet the health needs of a culturally diverse population, the United States public health workforce must become ethnically diversified to provide culturally competent care. The underrepresentation of minority, specifically African American public health professionals may be a contributing factor to the high rates of preventable health disparities in the African American community. Studies have shown that racial/ethnic communities bear the highest disparities across multiple health outcomes. African Americans, when compared with European Americans, suffer the greatest rates of health disparities, thus providing the justification to increase minority public health professionals. In addition, studies suggest that minorities are more likely to seek medical and health services from individuals of the same ethnicity. This will assist in decreasing language and comprehension barriers and increase the cultural competence of the health providers who serve populations from their ethnic/cultural origin. This chapter will highlight a 2014 study designed to explore and identify motivators for African Americans to choose public health as a career. African American public health professionals and graduate students were engaged to discuss their career and educational trajectories and motivators for career choice. Using qualitative research methods, this study was guided by the following research question: what are the motivating factors to engage African Americans into careers in public health? The study was approved by the Walden University Institutional Review Board and was conducted in 2014. The results of this study have served as the blueprint for the creation of the Flint Public Health Youth Academy (FPHYA). Coincidently the 2014 study was wrapping up at the genesis of the Flint Water Crisis (FWC). The FWC impacted residents of all ages in Flint. Specifically, the youth of Flint were exposed to lead (a neuro-toxin) and other contaminants through the water system which impacted them physically and cognitively. National media outlets disseminated headlines across the world that Flint youth would have behavioral (aggression) issues and struggle academically as a result of their exposure to lead. The FPHYA was designed to provide positive messages to and about Flint youth. It is an introduction to careers in public health, medicine, and research for Flint Youth. It creates a space for Flint youth to work through their lived experience of the FWC while learning the important role public health and research plays in recovering from an environmental public health crisis. More importantly, it is a pathway to public health careers providing didactic sessions, local mentors and internships.
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Chase, Robert T. "The Aztlán Outlaw and Black Reform Politics." In We Are Not Slaves, 249–72. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653570.003.0008.
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Chapter 7 takes up the state’s most famous prison hostage crisis to analyze prisoner Fred Carrasco as an Aztlán outlaw who drew on nationalist and Chicano ideologies to critique the prison plantation, while also showing how this moment of carceral violence contrasted with and derailed the hopes of African American political reformers. Carrasco’s hostage crisis also offers a critical historical parallel to Reies Tijerina’s 1967 raid of a New Mexico courthouse to demand land grant rights. This chapter offers Carrasco’s hostage crisis alongside the historical context of Chicano nationalist demands, particularly Reies Tijerina’s 1967 raid of a New Mexico courthouse to demand land grant rights. Both the Alianza courthouse encounter with criminal justice and the Carrasco hostage crisis drew upon a history of violent border confrontation with border police and the Texas Rangers, that stretched across time and borders. This chapter concludes, however, with the prison reality that the Carrasco’s hostage crisis dashed the hopes of Black political reformers at a crucial moment in their legislative campaign.
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Brown, Karida L. "Introduction." In Gone Home, 1–8. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469647036.003.0001.
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Every mass movement can be traced through the particular conditions under which the migrant self is formed and transformed. This introduction outlines the struggle of black Americans once slavery was outlawed by asking a key question: were they subjects or citizens? Though federal laws gave the now former slaves all the rights of citizens, state and local authorities allowed and enforced segregationist policies. These, in conjunction with various economic pressures, culminated in the African American Great Migration of 1910-1970. Brown, who positions herself as a third-generation descendent of a black Kentucky population that took part in this migration, claims that the collective memory of Appalachian blacks that undertook this stepwise migration deserves more attention.
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Nishikawa, Kinohi. "The Lower Frequencies: Hip-Hop Satire in the New Millennium." In Post-Soul Satire. University Press of Mississippi, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781617039973.003.0003.
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This chapter argues that hip-hop satire offers a critique of commercial hip-hop’s fetishization of racial authenticity. Mighty Casey, Childish Gambino, and Little Brother all challenge the definitions of blackness provided by mainstream and commercially-successful hip-hop. These artists rely on independent labels and internet outlets, and as such operate on the “lower frequencies” of African American cultural production.