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Journal articles on the topic 'African American Parent Involvement'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Trotman, Michelle Frazier. "Involving the African American Parent: Recommendations to Increase the Level of Parent Involvement within African American Families." Journal of Negro Education 70, no. 4 (2001): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3211280.

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2

Butler, Ashley M., Marisa E. Hilliard, Courtney Titus, et al. "Barriers and Facilitators to Involvement in Children’s Diabetes Management Among Minority Parents." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 45, no. 8 (2020): 946–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsz103.

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Abstract Objective This study aimed to describe parents’ perceptions of the factors that facilitate or are barriers to their involvement in children’s type 1 diabetes (T1D) management among African American and Latino parents. Methods African American and Latino parents (N = 28) of 5- to 9-year-old children with T1D completed audio-recorded, semi-structured interviews that were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Themes were identified that aligned with the theoretically-derived Capability–Opportunity–Motivation–Behavior (COM-B) framework. Results Parents described Capability-based facilitators of parent involvement, including positive stress management, religious/spiritual coping, organizational/planning skills, and diabetes knowledge. Capability-based barriers included child and parent distress. Interpersonal relationships, degree of flexibility in work environments, and access to diabetes technologies were both Opportunity-based facilitators and barriers; and Opportunity-based barriers consisted of food insecurity/low financial resources. Parents’ desire for their child to have a “normal” life was described as both a Motivation-based facilitator and barrier. Conclusions African American and Latino families described helpful and unhelpful factors that spanned all aspects of the COM-B model. Reinforcing or targeting families’ unique psychological, interpersonal, and environmental strengths and challenges in multilevel interventions has potential to maximize parental involvement in children’s diabetes management.

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Dodd-McCue, Diane, and Alexander Tartaglia. "African American Consent and Nonconsent Cases: Are There Significant Differences?" Progress in Transplantation 17, no. 3 (2007): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152692480701700309.

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Background Previous research has examined the differences in organ donation consent rates between African Americans and other racial/ethnic groups. However, there is limited examination of whether differences exist between African American families that consent and those that do not. Objective To examine if there are significant differences between African American families that consent to donation compared to those that do not. Methods A random sample of 120 African American potential donor cases from an academic medical center between 1997 and 2004 were included in this study. Variables of interest included next-of-kin relationships, family interactions, knowledge of donor wishes, family initiation of the donation discussion, and satisfaction with the donation process. Results The data include 32 consent and 88 nonconsent cases. Compared to nonconsent cases, consent cases differed significantly in next-of-kin knowledge of donor wishes, frequent involvement of parents, and infrequent involvement of spouses. Donor wishes were known in 19% of consent cases but in none of the nonconsent cases. A parent was the dominant next-of-kin decision maker in 68% of consent cases, compared to 36% of nonconsent cases. A spouse assumed the dominant role in 29% of nonconsent cases but in only 6% of consent cases. Of these differences, wishes known, parental involvement, and spousal involvement were statistically significant ( P= .000, P= .002, and P= .013, respectively). Conclusions The results highlight the statistically significant differences between African American consent and nonconsent cases: knowledge of donor wishes and those involved in the donation decision. These results reinforce the importance of programs that encourage African American families to discuss donation with loved ones.

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Heath, AC, PAF Madden, JD Grant, TL McLaughlin, AA Todorov, and KK Bucholz. "Resiliency factors protecting against teenage alcohol use and smoking: influences of religion, religious involvement and values, and ethnicity in the Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study." Twin Research 2, no. 2 (1999): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.2.2.145.

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AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of ethnicity (African American vs European/other ancestry), family religious affiliation, religious involvement, and religious values, to risk of alcohol and cigarette use in adolescent girls; and to estimate genetic and shared environmental effects on religious involvement and values. Telephone interviews were conducted with a sample of female like-sex twin pairs, aged 13–20 (n = 1687 pairs, including 220 minority pairs), as well as with one or both parents of twins aged 11–20 (n = 2111 families). These data, together with one-year follow-up twin questionnaire data, and two-year follow-up parent interview data, were used to compare ethnic differences. Proportional hazards regression models and genetic variance component models were fitted to the data. Despite higher levels of exposure to family, school and neighborhood environmental adversities, African American adolescents were less likely to become teenage drinkers or smokers. They showed greater religious involvement (frequency of attendance at religious services) and stronger religious values (eg belief in relying upon their religious beliefs to guide day-to-day living). Controlling for religious affiliation, involvement and values removed the ethnic difference in alcohol use, but had no effect on the difference in rates of smoking. Religious involvement and values exhibited high heritability in African Americans, but only modest heritability in EOAs. The strong protective effect of adolescent religious involvement and values, and its contribution to lower rates of African American alcohol use, was confirmed. We speculate about the possible association between high heritability of African American religious behavior and an accelerated maturation of religious values during adolescence.

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Cooper, Camille Wilson. "Parent Involvement, African American Mothers, and the Politics of Educational Care." Equity & Excellence in Education 42, no. 4 (2009): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10665680903228389.

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M. Hines, Erik, L. DiAnne Borders, Laura M. Gonzalez, José Villalba, and Alia Henderson. "Parental involvement in college planning." Journal for Multicultural Education 8, no. 4 (2014): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-06-2014-0025.

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Purpose – The purpose of this article was to describe Hossler and Gallagher’s (1987) college choice model and emphasize the predisposition phase of the model as the starting point for school counselors’ efforts to help African American parents foster their children’s college planning in the college choice process. Design/methodology/approach – The authors wrote this manuscript as a conceptual approach to helping school counselors work with African American parents in their children’s college planning process by including two case studies as examples. Findings – This is a conceptual article. Practical implications – School counselors should be culturally competent and aware of how African Americans rear their children to help them successfully navigate college planning. For example, school counselors can learn about and share information with families about colleges that have support programs assisting African American students toward college completion. Originality/value – This paper is important to the field of education as it contributes to the literature regarding how school counselors can assist students in becoming college and career ready by working with their parents using a college choice model.

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Griffin, Dana. "Parent Involvement with African American Families in Expanded School Mental Health Practice." Advances in School Mental Health Promotion 4, no. 2 (2011): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1754730x.2011.9715626.

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8

Graue, Elizabeth, Melissa A. Clements, Arthur J. Reynolds, and Michael D. Niles. "More than teacher directed or child initiated: Preschool curriculum type, parent involvement, and children's outcomes in the child-parent centers." education policy analysis archives 12 (December 24, 2004): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v12n72.2004.

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This study investigated the contributions of curriculum approach and parent involvement to the short- and long-term effects of preschool participation in the Title I Chicago Child-Parent Centers. Data came from the complete cohort of 989 low-income children (93% African American) in the Chicago Longitudinal Study, who attended preschool in the 20 Child-Parent Centers in 1983-1985 and kindergarten in 1985-1986. We found that implementation of an instructional approach rated high by Head Teachers in teacher-directed and child-initiated activities was most consistently associated with children’s outcomes, including school readiness at kindergarten entry, reading achievement in third and eighth grades, and avoidance of grade retention. Parent involvement in school activities, as rated by teachers and by parents, was independently associated with child outcomes from school readiness at kindergarten entry to eighth grade reading achievement and grade retention above and beyond the influence of curriculum approach. Findings indicate that instructional approaches that blend a teacher-directed focus with child-initiated activities and parental school involvement are origins of the long-term effects of participation in the Child-Parent Centers.

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Loder-Jackson, Tondra L., Andrew N. Mcknight, Michael Brooks, Kenneth Mcgrew, and Deborah Voltz. "Unmasking Subtle and Concealed Aspects of Parent Involvement: Perspectives From African American Parents in the Urban South." Journal of School Public Relations 28, no. 4 (2007): 350–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jspr.28.4.350.

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Baker, Claire E. "Does Parent Involvement and Neighborhood Quality Matter for African American Boys' Kindergarten Mathematics Achievement?" Early Education and Development 26, no. 3 (2014): 342–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2015.968238.

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Hill, Nancy E., and Stracie A. Craft. "Parent-school involvement and school performance: Mediated pathways among socioeconomically comparable African American and Euro-American families." Journal of Educational Psychology 95, no. 1 (2003): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.74.

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Harry, Beth, Norma Allen, and Margaret McLaughlin. "Communication versus Compliance: African-American Parents' Involvement in Special Education." Exceptional Children 61, no. 4 (1995): 364–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299506100405.

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A longitudinal, 3-year study investigated the participation of African-American parents of 24 preschoolers in special education programs in a large urban school district. Data were collected through ethnographic interviews with parents and professionals, observations of conferences, and examination of students' documents. Despite current perceptions of low levels of participation by African-American parents, the data show consistent initial efforts by families to support their children's schooling, eventually giving way to disillusionment with the separations created by special education placements and the lack of avenues for parental influence. The article explores ways for professionals to move from preoccupation with compliance to true communication.

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Cederbaum, Julie A., Soojong Kim, Jingwen Zhang, John B. Jemmott, and Loretta S. Jemmott. "Effect of a church-based intervention on abstinence communication among African-American caregiver–child dyads: the role of gender of caregiver and child." Health Education Research 36, no. 2 (2021): 224–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyab009.

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Abstract Parent–child sexual-health communication is critical. Religious involvement is important in many African-American families, but can be a barrier to sexual-health communication. We tested a theory-based, culturally tailored intervention to increase sexual-abstinence communication among church-attending African-American parent–child dyads. In a randomized controlled trial, 613 parent–child dyads were randomly assigned to one of three 3-session interventions: (i) faith-based abstinence-only; (ii) non-faith-based abstinence-only; or (iii) attention-matched health-promotion control. Data were collected pre- and post-intervention, and 3-, 6-, 12- and 18-months post-intervention. Generalized-estimating-equations Poisson-regression models revealed no differences in communication by intervention arm. However, three-way condition � sex-of-child � sex-of-parent interactions on children’s reports of parent–child communication about puberty [IRR=0.065, 95% CI: (0.010, 0.414)], menstruation or wet dreams [IRR=0.103, 95% CI: (0.013, 0.825)] and dating [IRR=0.102, 95% CI: (0.016, 0.668)] indicated that the non-faith-based abstinence intervention’s effect on increasing communication was greater with daughters than with sons, when the parent was the father. This study highlights the importance of considering parent and child gender in the efficacy of parent–child interventions and the need to tailor interventions to increase fathers’ comfort with communication.

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Seyfried, Sherri F., and Ick-Joong Chung. "Parent Involvement as Parental Monitoring of Student Motivation and Parent Expectations Predicting Later Achievement Among African American and European American Middle School Age Students." Journal of Ethnic And Cultural Diversity in Social Work 11, no. 1-2 (2002): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j051v11n01_05.

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Yarnell, Lisa M., Keryn E. Pasch, Cheryl L. Perry, and Kelli A. Komro. "Multiple Risk Behaviors Among African American and Hispanic Boys." Journal of Early Adolescence 38, no. 5 (2017): 681–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431616687672.

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This study examined multiple risk behaviors (violence, delinquency, and substance use) among 240 African American and 262 Hispanic preadolescent boys from urban schools in the Midwest United States. Latent transition analysis allowed patterns of multivariate risk to emerge uniquely within and across these ethnic groups, highlighting patterns for subgroups that are overlooked by common aggregate statistics. Results revealed four risk classes for each ethnic group, with nuanced probabilities of endorsement and transition across classes and ethnic groups. Involvement with police and more severe use of substances were distinguishing factors of higher risk classes. African American boys showed a tendency to transition between risk classes over time, while Hispanic boys tended to exhibit stability. Personal involvement in school and community action among parents were highlighted as protective factors. Suggestions for prevention programming based on results include early timing, addressing criminal justice involvement, providing academic enrichment programs, and promoting community action among parents.

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Hurd, Elisabeth Porter, Carolyn Moore, and Randy Rogers. "Quiet Success: Parenting Strengths among African Americans." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 76, no. 7 (1995): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949507600705.

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Building on a model of family competence, the authors examined strengths among African American parents. Fifty-three parents described the values and behaviors that they imparted to their children. Support from external caregivers, which reinforced family competence, was studied. The study found substantial parental involvement, considerable support from other adults, and a high frequency of positive role modeling by African American men.

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Taylor, Robert Joseph, Linda M. Chatters, and Harry O. Taylor. "Race and Objective Social Isolation: Older African Americans, Black Caribbeans, and Non-Hispanic Whites." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 74, no. 8 (2018): 1429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby114.

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Abstract Objectives Social isolation is a major risk factor for poor physical and mental health among older adults. This study investigates the correlates of objective social isolation among older African Americans, Black Caribbean immigrants, and non-Hispanic Whites. Methods The analysis is based on the older subsample (n = 1,439) of the National Survey of American Life. There are eight indicators of objective social isolation: no contact with neighbors, neighborhood groups, friends, family members, religious congregation members, not being married and no romantic involvement, living alone, and not being a parent. Results Very few older Americans are socially isolated from family and friends. Non-Hispanic Whites are more likely than both African Americans and Black Caribbeans to live alone, to be childless, and have limited contact with religious congregation members. For both African Americans and Black Caribbeans, being female is protective against social isolation, but for both populations, men are more likely to be married or have a romantic partner. For African Americans, residing in the South is also protective against social isolation. Discussion This analysis provides greater clarity on racial and ethnic differences in social isolation among older adults, as well as within-group differences in objective social isolation among African Americans and Black Caribbeans.

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Edwards, Patricia A. "Before and after School Desegregation: African-American Parents' Involvement in Schools." Educational Policy 7, no. 3 (1993): 340–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904893007003006.

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McKay, Mary McKernan, Marc S. Atkins, Tracie Hawkins, Catherine Brown, and Cynthia J. Lynn. "Inner-City African American Parental Involvement in Children's Schooling: Racial Socialization and Social Support from the Parent Community." American Journal of Community Psychology 32, no. 1-2 (2003): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1025655109283.

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Coles, Roberta L. "Black Single Custodial Fathers: Factors Influencing the Decision to Parent." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 84, no. 2 (2003): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.90.

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This pilot study combined narrative and quantitative data to explore the factors enabling and motivating single African American fathers to take full custody of one or more of their children. The size and selection of the sample does not allow for generalization, since most of the men were college-educated and financially stable. The findings indicated a distinction between enabling and motivating factors. Factors that appeared to enable full custody included employment and secure housing, as they were present for all of the fathers before they took custody. Adult age at the time of their first child's birth was also a factor for 9 of the 10 fathers. Prior parental involvement, previous marital status, and maternal incompetence did not appear to be highly associated with the choice to take custody. However, the narrative data indicated that the desire to embody the kind of father they themselves did not have was a strong motivating factor.

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Neuman, Susan B., Tracy Hagedorn, Donna Celano, and Pauline Daly. "Toward a Collaborative Approach to Parent Involvement in Early Education: A Study of Teenage Mothers in an African-American Community." American Educational Research Journal 32, no. 4 (1995): 801–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/00028312032004801.

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Kopak, Albert M., and Dorothy Smith-Ruiz. "Criminal Justice Involvement, Drug Use, and Depression Among African American Children of Incarcerated Parents." Race and Justice 6, no. 2 (2015): 89–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2153368715586633.

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Maríñez-Lora, Ané M., and Stephen M. Quintana. "Low-Income Urban African American and Latino Parents’ School Involvement: Testing a Theoretical Model." School Mental Health 1, no. 4 (2009): 212–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12310-009-9015-8.

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Mayfield, Kellie E., Deborah Whitley, and Susan J. Kelley. "NUTRITIONAL NEEDS AND PREFERENCES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN CUSTODIAL GRANDMOTHERS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S628—S629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2343.

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Abstract This presentation summarizes a qualitative analysis from focus groups with African American, urban dwelling grandmothers raising grandchildren in parent-absent households. Nutritional needs of custodial grandparents are an under explored area of research. Previous studies on custodial grandparents have acknowledged the physical, social, and familial burdens they endure as caregivers of their grandchildren. Limited financial support is a consistent concern. One manifestation of having scarce monetary resources is not being able to meet daily nutritional requirements. As a result, adverse health outcomes related to the onset of diet-related diseases (e.g., obesity, hypertension, diabetes) are too common, especially for custodial grandparents of color. The present study qualitatively explores grandmothers’ (N=9) experiences and ideas about food choices/options, decisions about when and where to purchase food, and the involvement of grandchildren in food-related practices and traditions. Grandparent participants were recruited from a community-based intervention, a program that provides health and social support services to grandparents raising grandchildren in Atlanta. Each of the focus groups consisted of 4-6 custodial grandmothers , facilitated by a doctoral-level community nutritionist. The major themes summarized from the qualitative group interviews were framed within a feminist/race theoretical context. Dominant themes from the focus group encounters include traditional gender roles related to food purchase and preparation, prioritizing food options to meet family preferences, available/accessible urban-based food options, food knowledge deficits, and sustaining cultural identity and nutritional health. Findings suggest implications for food and health policy, community-level programming, and nutrition education interventions.

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Allport-Altillo, Brandon S., Anushka R. Aqil, Timothy Nelson, et al. "Parents' Perspectives on Supporting Father Involvement in African American Families During Pregnancy and Early Infancy." Journal of the National Medical Association 112, no. 4 (2020): 344–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2020.04.002.

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Smith, Carolyn A., Timothy O. Ireland, Aely Park, Laura Elwyn, and Terence P. Thornberry. "Intergenerational Continuities and Discontinuities in Intimate Partner Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, no. 18 (2011): 3720–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260511403751.

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This study focuses on intergenerational continuity in violent partner relationships. We investigate whether exposure to caregiver intimate partner violence (IPV) during adolescence leads to increased involvement in IPV during early adulthood (age 21-23) and adulthood (age 29-31). We also investigate whether this relationship differs by gender. Although there is theoretical and empirical support for intergenerational continuity of relationship violence, there are few prospective studies of this issue. We use data from the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS), a longitudinal study of the development of antisocial behavior in a community sample of 1,000 urban youth followed from age 14 to adulthood. The original sample includes 73% men and 85% African American or Hispanic youth. Measures come from a combination of interviews and official records. The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) is used to assess IPV and severe IPV in the youth and parent generations. Analyses controlled for child physical abuse, race/ethnicity as well as parent education, family stability, and poverty. In multivariate models, adolescent exposure to caregiver severe IPV resulted in significantly increased risk of relationship violence in early adulthood (age 21-23). Furthermore, there is an indirect effect of adolescent exposure to severe IPV on later adult involvement in IPV (age 29-31), mediated by involvement in a violent relationship in early adulthood. These results were largely invariant by gender. However, we observed a direct pathway between IPV exposure and adult IPV for women (marginally significant) suggesting that adolescent exposure to caregiver IPV may set in motion women-specific processes.

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Reynolds, Kim D., Frank A. Franklin, Laura C. Leviton, et al. "Methods, Results, and Lessons Learned from Process Evaluation of the High 5 School-Based Nutrition Intervention." Health Education & Behavior 27, no. 2 (2000): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019810002700204.

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This article describes the process evaluation of High 5, a school-based intervention targeting fruit and vegetable consumption among fourth graders and their families. The outcome evaluation involved 28 schools randomized to intervention or control conditions. The intervention included classroom, family, and cafeteria components. Process evaluation was completed on each of these components by using observations, self-report checklists, surveys, and other measures. Results indicated high implementation rates on the classroom activities. Moderate family involvement was attained, perhaps diminishing intervention effects on parent consumption. Cafeterias provided environmental cues, and fruit and vegetable offerings as directed by the program. A lower dose of the intervention was delivered to schools with larger African American enrollments and lower-income families. This article provides insights into the effective elements of a school-based dietary intervention and provides suggestions for process evaluation in similar studies.

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Varga, Colleen M., Christina B. Gee, Lyzaida Rivera, and Claudia X. Reyes. "Coparenting Mediates the Association Between Relationship Quality and Father Involvement." Youth & Society 49, no. 5 (2014): 588–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x14548529.

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The study of adolescent childbearing is a major public policy concern, and father involvement is a particular focus. Previous research with married couples has found that coparenting may be a better predictor of father involvement than relationship quality. The current study examined 94 primiparous African American and Latino parents to determine whether coparenting expectations during pregnancy better predict concurrent father involvement secondary to a mediation effect. Results were mixed; simple mediation was supported, but structural equation modeling (SEM) results suggested a better fitting model for mothers than for fathers. For mothers, relationship quality predicted coparenting. For fathers, relationship quality and coparenting predicted father involvement, but relationship quality did not predict coparenting. This examination suggests that both relationship quality and coparenting are important for father involvement in unmarried adolescents but to differing degrees for mothers and fathers. Pregnancy may be an important potential intervention point for increasing subsequent father involvement.

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Kegler, Michelle Crozier, Roy F. Oman, Sara K. Vesely, et al. "Relationships Among Youth Assets and Neighborhood and Community Resources." Health Education & Behavior 32, no. 3 (2005): 380–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198104272334.

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Recent research suggests that a youth development framework emphasizing youth assets may be a promising intervention strategy for preventing adolescent risk behaviors. Understanding how neighborhood and community resources relate to youth assets may aid in identifying environmental strategies to complement individually oriented asset-building interventions. In this study, 1,350 randomly selected inner-city youth and their parents (paired interviews) were interviewed in person. After controlling for demographic characteristics of youth and parents using multivariate logistic regression, parental perception of neighborhood safety was associated with the nonparental adult role model asset, peer role model asset, and for African American youth, the community involvement asset. City services and neighborhood services were associated with use of time (groups/sports) and use of time (religion), respectively. Psychological sense of community was associated with community involvement for Native American youth. Findings suggest that neighborhood and community-level influences should be considered when designing youth development interventions to reduce risk behaviors.

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Alkureishi, Maria A., Tyrone Johnson, Jacqueline Nichols, et al. "Impact of an Educational Comic to Enhance Patient-Physician–Electronic Health Record Engagement: Prospective Observational Study." JMIR Human Factors 8, no. 2 (2021): e25054. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25054.

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Background Electronic health record (EHR) use can impede or augment patient-physician communication. However, little research explores the use of an educational comic to improve patient-physician-EHR interactions. Objective To evaluate the impact of an educational comic on patient EHR self-advocacy behaviors to promote patient engagement with the EHR during clinic visits. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study with adult patients and parents of pediatric patients at the University of Chicago General Internal Medicine (GIM) and Pediatric Primary Care (PPC) clinics. We developed an educational comic highlighting EHR self-advocacy behaviors and distributed it to study participants during check-in for their primary care visits between May 2017 and May 2018. Participants completed a survey immediately after their visit, which included a question on whether they would be interested in a follow-up telephone interview. Of those who expressed interest, 50 participants each from the adult and pediatric parent cohorts were selected at random for follow-up telephone interviews 8 months (range 3-12 months) post visit. Results Overall, 71.0% (115/162) of adult patients and 71.6% (224/313) of pediatric parents agreed the comic encouraged EHR involvement. African American and Hispanic participants were more likely to ask to see the screen and become involved in EHR use due to the comic (adult P=.01, P=.01; parent P=.02, P=.006, respectively). Lower educational attainment was associated with an increase in parents asking to see the screen and to be involved (ρ=−0.18, P=.003; ρ=−0.19, P<.001, respectively) and in adults calling for physician attention (ρ=−0.17, P=.04), which was confirmed in multivariate analyses. Female GIM patients were more likely than males to ask to be involved (median 4 vs 3, P=.003). During follow-up phone interviews, 90% (45/50) of adult patients and all pediatric parents (50/50) remembered the comic. Almost half of all participants (GIM 23/50, 46%; PPC 21/50, 42%) recalled at least one best-practice behavior. At subsequent visits, adult patients reported increases in asking to see the screen (median 3 vs 4, P=.006), and pediatric parents reported increases in asking to see the screen and calling for physician attention (median 3 vs 4, Ps<.001 for both). Pediatric parents also felt that the comic had encouraged them to speak up and get more involved with physician computer use since the index visit (median 4 vs 4, P=.02) and that it made them feel more empowered to get involved with computer use at future visits (median 3 vs 4, P<.001). Conclusions Our study found that an educational comic may improve patient advocacy for enhanced patient-physician-EHR engagement, with higher impacts on African American and Hispanic patients and patients with low educational attainment.

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Sheridan, Susan M., Tyler E. Smith, Elizabeth Moorman Kim, S. Natasha Beretvas, and Sunyoung Park. "A Meta-Analysis of Family-School Interventions and Children’s Social-Emotional Functioning: Moderators and Components of Efficacy." Review of Educational Research 89, no. 2 (2019): 296–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0034654318825437.

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This meta-analysis examined the effects of family-school interventions on children’s social-behavioral competence and mental health. One hundred and seventeen group design studies yielding 592 effect sizes constituted the current sample. Random effects models were estimated when calculating each pooled effect size estimate, and mixed effects models were calculated for each moderator analysis. The analyses yielded significant effects of family-school interventions on children’s social-behavioral competence and mental health ([Formula: see text]s = 0.332 and 0.391, respectively). Effects on children’s mental health were moderated by race/ethnicity (effects were larger for African American students) and locale (effects were smaller in urban settings relative to nonurban/rural settings). Components found to be significantly related to positive outcomes included both interpersonal, relational processes (i.e., communication, collaboration, and parent-teacher relationship) and tangible, structural elements (i.e., home-based involvement, behavioral supports). These findings indicate the benefits of family-school interventions and have implications for tailoring interventions to family characteristics and communities.

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Johnson, Toni. "Socioeconomic and Institutional Factors that Facilitate and Prevent Low-Income African American Parents' Involvement in a Children's Savings Program." Journal of Ethnic And Cultural Diversity in Social Work 20, no. 3 (2011): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15313204.2011.594991.

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Ross, Latisha L., Aixa D. Marchand, Vaness O. Cox, and Stephanie J. Rowley. "Racial identity as a context for African American parents’ school trust and involvement and the impact on student preparation and persistence." Contemporary Educational Psychology 55 (October 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2018.07.003.

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Gavin, Karen M., and Daryl B. Greenfield. "A Comparison of Levels of Involvement for Parents with At-Risk African American Kindergarten Children in Classrooms with High Versus Low Teacher Encouragement." Journal of Black Psychology 24, no. 4 (1998): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00957984980244001.

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Unnever, James, Akwasi Owusu-Bempah, and Rustu Deryol. "A Test of the Differential Involvement Hypothesis." Race and Justice 9, no. 2 (2017): 197–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2153368717697104.

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This research draws on longitudinal data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) to examine whether African Americans report more trouble with the police than Latinos, Whites, and members of other racial groups after controlling for self-reported offending and other covariates. We tested whether the average self-reports of trouble with the police varied across the neighborhood clusters included within the PHDCN and generated a series of negative binomial models to assess whether African Americans self-reported more trouble with the police than others. The results generated from the unconditional hierarchical model showed that the average self-reports of trouble with the police did not significantly vary across the neighborhoods. The negative binomial results indicate that African Americans report significantly more trouble with the police while controlling for the respondents’ levels of offending, level of impulsivity, levels of anxiety and depression, gang membership, their family’s criminal involvement, whether they or their parents had serious mental health issues, the respondents’ current and expected economic conditions, their racial affinity, as well as other individual characteristics.

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Selamet Tierney, Elif Seda, Zvi Marans, Melissa B. Rutkin, and Wendy K. Chung. "Variants of the CFC1 gene in patients with laterality defects associated with congenital cardiac disease." Cardiology in the Young 17, no. 3 (2007): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951107000455.

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Objectives: This study was designed to assess the frequency and types of genetic variants in CFC1 in children with laterality disorders associated with cardiovascular involvement. Background: Laterality syndromes are estimated to comprise 3% of neonates with congenital cardiac disease. Genetic predisposition in some cases of laterality defects has been suggested by associated chromosomal anomalies and familial aggregation, often within consanguineous families, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance. Mice with induced homozygous mutations in cfc1, and heterozygous CFC1 mutations in humans, have been associated with laterality defects. Methods: Direct sequence analysis of the coding sequence of CFC1 was performed in 42 subjects with laterality defects and congenital cardiac disease. Results: We identified 3 synonymous coding variants, 3 non-synonymous coding variants (N21H, R47Q, and R78W), and 2 intronic variants in CFC1. The N21H variant was observed in 3 of 19 affected Caucasians, and the R47Q variant in another 2. Neither polymorphism was observed in Caucasian controls. Furthermore, all subjects with the N21H polymorphism had double outlet right ventricle. Transmission of both the N21H and R47Q polymorphisms from unaffected parents was demonstrated, and all three non-synonymous variants had significant allele frequencies in unaffected African-American subjects, suggesting that other factors must also contribute to laterality defects. Conclusions: Three non-synonymous variants in CFC1 were identified, the N21H variant being associated with laterality defects in Caucasians, but not fully penetrant. One or more of these non-synonymous missense variants may act as a susceptibility allele in conjunction with other genes, and/or environmental factors, to cause laterality defects.

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Skinner, Olivenne D., and Susan M. McHale. "Parent–Adolescent Conflict in African American Families." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 45, no. 10 (2016): 2080–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0514-2.

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Tadesse, Selamawit. "Parent Involvement: Perceived Encouragement and Barriers to African Refugee Parent and Teacher Relationships." Childhood Education 90, no. 4 (2014): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2014.937275.

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Blum, Johannes A., Michael J. Zellweger, Christian Burri, and Christoph Hatz. "Cardiac involvement in African and American trypanosomiasis." Lancet Infectious Diseases 8, no. 10 (2008): 631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(08)70230-5.

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White-Johnson, Rhonda L. "Prosocial Involvement Among African American Young Adults." Journal of Black Psychology 38, no. 3 (2011): 313–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798411420429.

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Wilmoth, Joe D., and Abigail D. Blaney. "African American Clergy Involvement in Marriage Preparation." Journal of Family Issues 37, no. 6 (2014): 855–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x14525619.

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Ngauy, Viseth, Christian T. Bautista, Kathleen Duffy, M. J. Humphries, Yolanda Lewis, and Mary Marovich. "Increased African-American involvement in vaccine studies." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 62, no. 1 (2009): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.08.009.

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Kitano, Margie K. "Gifted African American Women." Journal for the Education of the Gifted 21, no. 3 (1998): 254–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016235329802100302.

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This article describes factors affecting the life-span achievement of IS highly accomplished African American women from a national retrospective study of gifted women from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Participants were nominated as gifted by national professional organizations in their respective fields. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews of the women and telephone questionnaires administered to “parent” informants. Participants perceived that civil-rights and affirmative-action policies opened doors if they were already qualified. Interpreted within a cultural-ecological framework, findings suggested that cultural strengths plus their high ability enabled simultaneous acknowledgment of the effects of racism, sexism, and other hardships and application of positive coping strategies that are derived from these strengths.

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Kim, Jungnam, Julia Bryan, Younyoung Choi, and Ji Hyun Kim. "Understanding Asian American Student Achievement." Professional School Counseling 21, no. 1 (2017): 2156759X1878853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x18788534.

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This study investigated the relationships of parent networks and parent empowerment to the academic performance of the children of Asian immigrant parents in U.S. schools. It also examined the role of parent networks in explaining the association between parent empowerment and children’s academic performance. We conducted multinomial logistic regression and path analysis on responses of 317 Asian immigrant parents from the Parent and Family Involvement Survey of the National Household Education Survey, 2007. Parent networks and some parent empowerment components (i.e., competence, parent contact with the school counselor) were significantly related to academic performance. Findings suggest the importance of school counselors utilizing empowerment strategies to help those Asian immigrant parents who need support with their children’s education.

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Stanik, Christine E., Elizabeth M. Riina, and Susan M. McHale. "Parent-Adolescent Relationship Qualities and Adolescent Adjustment in Two-Parent African American Families." Family Relations 62, no. 4 (2013): 597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fare.12020.

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Smith, Carolyn A., Marvin D. Krohn, Rebekah Chu, and Oscar Best. "African American Fathers." Journal of Family Issues 26, no. 7 (2005): 975–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x05275421.

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Much of the literature on African American fathers has tended to perpetuate a stereotype of absent and unsupportive parenting. This study employs a life course perspective to investigate the extent and predictors of involvement by young fathers. Data come from the Rochester Youth Development Study, a longitudinal study that has followed a representative sample of urban youth since they were in the seventh or eighth grade. Analysis is based on the young men in the sample who became fathers by age 22, of whom 67% are African American. Results suggest that African American fathers do not differ significantly from other young fathers in their contact with and support provided to their eldest biological child. For African American fathers, fulfilling a father role is, as hypothesized, related to the success of transition to adult roles and relationships and to prosocial behavior and problem behavior.

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Woody, David, and Debra J. Woody. "Parent Effectiveness Among Single, Low-Income, African American Mothers." Journal of Ethnic And Cultural Diversity in Social Work 12, no. 4 (2004): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j051v12n04_05.

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Smetana, Judith, and Cheryl Gaines. "Adolescent-Parent Conflict in Middle-Class African American Families." Child Development 70, no. 6 (1999): 1447–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00105.

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Lemmer, Eleanor, and Noleen van Wyk. "Schools reaching out: Comprehensive parent involvement in South African primary schools." Africa Education Review 1, no. 2 (2004): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18146620408566284.

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Robnett, Belinda, and James A. Bany. "Gender, Church Involvement, and African-American Political Participation." Sociological Perspectives 54, no. 4 (2011): 689–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2011.54.4.689.

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While numerous studies discuss the political implications of class divisions among African-Americans, few analyze gender differences in political participation. This study assesses the extent to which church activity similarly facilitates men's and women's political participation. Employing data from a national cross-sectional survey of 1,205 adult African-American respondents from the 1993 National Black Politics Study, the authors conclude that black church involvement more highly facilitates the political participation of black men than black women. Increasing levels of individual black church involvement and political activity on the part of black churches increases the gender gap in political participation and creates a gender participation gap for some political activities. These findings suggest that while institutional engagement increases political participation, the gendered nature of the institutional context also influences political engagement outcomes.

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